Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen

representatives. Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country.

 óãîä³, ùî àíàë³çóºòüñÿ, ïèòîìà âàãà ðå÷åíü ç òàâòî-ëîã³÷íèìè ïîâòîðàìè ³ìåííèê³â ñêëàëà66%, ùî º äóæå çíà÷íîþ ÷àñòêîþ.

Íàéá³ëüø ÿñêðàâîþ îçíàêîþ òåêñòó, ùî àíàë³çóºòü-ñÿ, º éîãî íàñè÷åí³ñòü îïåðàòèâíîþ àáî, ÿê ¿¿ ùå

íàçèâà-þòü [1], àïåëÿòèâíîþ ³íôîðìàö³ºþ. Ïðèïèñîâ³ ôóíêö³¿

ðåàë³çóþòüñÿ â òåêñò³ çà ðàõóíîê ëåêñè÷íèõ òà ãðàìà-òè÷íèõ çàñîá³â.  òåêñò³ Äåêëàðàö³¿ íåìຠæîäíîãî

ðå-÷åííÿ, ÿêå íå ì³ñòèëî á õî÷à á îäíîãî çàñîáó ïåðåäà÷³ îïåðàòèâíî¿ ³íôîðìàö³¿. ¯¿ ãîëîâíèìè ëåêñè÷íèìè íîñ³-ÿìè º ñëîâîñïîëó÷åííÿ Everyone has the right àáî éîãî ñèíîí³ì Everyone is entitled – ïåðøå ñëîâîñïîëó÷åííÿ âæèòî â òåêñò³ 27 ðàç³â, à äðóãå – 9. Äëÿ ¿õ ïîñèëåííÿ

³íîä³ âæèâàþòüñÿ äîäàòêîâ³ ëåêñè÷í³ îäèíèö³, íàïðèê-ëàä: Parents have a prior right (Article 29).

Îïåðàòèâíó ³íôîðìàö³þ íåñóòü òàêîæ ðå÷åííÿ, ùî âèðàæàþòü ïðè÷èííî-íàñë³äêîâ³ â³äíîøåííÿ ³ ìåòó, ÿê³ ðåàë³çóþòüñÿ ð³çíîìàí³òíèìè çàñîáàìè. Ïðèêëàäè òàêèõ ðå÷åíü òà çàñîá³â íàâîäÿòüñÿäàë³: Whereas a common understanding … is of the greatest importance…, therefore the General Assembly proclaims… (Preamble), to the end that every individual and every organ of society … (Preamble), …whether it is independent, trust, non-self-governing… (Article 2), …presumed innocent until proved guilty… (Article 11), …only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses…(Article 16), the right to security in the event of unemployment…(Article 25), whether born in or out of wedlock …(Article 25), …solely for the purpose of securing due recognition…(Article 29). Ïèòîìà ðå÷åíü òàêîãî òèïó ïî â³äíîøåííþ äî çàãàëüíî¿ ê³ëüêîñò³ ñêëàä-íèõ ðå÷åíü ó òåêñò³ º äîñèòü âèñîêîþ (57%), à îòæå âîíè ìàþòü áóòè îᒺêòîì óâàãè ï³ä ÷àñ ïëàíóâàííÿ òà ïðî-âåäåííÿ íàâ÷àííÿ.

Ïðîòå íàéâèðàçí³øèìè íîñ³ÿìè îïåðàòèâíî¿ ³íôîð-ìàö³¿ º, çâè÷àéíî æ, ìîäàëüí³ ä³ºñëîâà òà ³íø³ 䳺ñë³âí³ êîíñòðóêö³¿ ç³ çíà÷åííÿì íåîáõ³äíîñò³ ³ ìîæëèâîñò³.

Ù³ëüí³ñòü òàêèõ çàñîá³â ó Äåêëàðàö³¿ º äîñèòü âèñîêîþ (42% â³ä çàãàëüíî¿ ê³ëüêîñò³ 䳺ñë³âíèõ êîíñòðóêö³é).

Âæèâàþòüñÿ 䳺ñëîâà should (...human rights should be protected by the rule of law... (Preamble), ...human beings ... should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood (Article 11), may ç ïîñèëþþ÷èìè ëåêñè÷íèìè îäèíèöÿ-ìè (No one may be compelled to belong to an association

…(Article 20), These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles…(Article 29), Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted…(Article 30). Àëå íàé÷àñò³øå, ìàéæå ó òðåòèí³ ïðîñòèõ ðå÷åíü (áëèçüêî 30%), ñïîñòåð³ãàºòüñÿ àðõà¿÷íå âæèâàííÿ ìîäàëüíîãî ñëîâà shall ó çíà÷åíí³

“ïîâèíåí”. Íàïðèêëàä:

Article 26. Everyone has the right to education.

Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.

Åìîö³éíà ³íôîðìàö³ÿ, õî÷à ³ â³ä³ãðຠäðóãîðÿäíó ðîëü, ó Äåêëàðàö³¿ âñå æ íàÿâíà. Îñîáëèâî öå ñòîñóºòü-ñÿ ïðåàìáóëè, äå ìè ïîì³÷àºìî íåçâè÷íó ñèíòàêñè÷íó áóäîâó:óñÿ ïðåàìáóëà (îáñÿã 1673 äðóêîâàíèõ çíàê³â) –

öå îäíå ðå÷åííÿ, ðîçáèòå íà â³ñ³ì â³äð³çê³â, ñ³ì ç ÿêèõ ïî÷èíàþòüñÿ ñëîâîì whereas, à îñòàíí³é ðîçïî÷èíàºòü-ñÿ ôðàçîþ Now, Therefore THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS. Öå ñòâîðþº àòìîñôåðó óðî÷èñòîñò³ é ìຠâ³äïîâ³äíî âïëèâàòè íà

÷èòà÷à. Íà ïðèêëàä³ îñòàííüî¿ ôðàçè ìè òàêîæ áà÷èìî çàñòîñóâàííÿ øðèôòîâèõ çàñîá³â (âèä³ëåííÿ æèðíèì øðèôòîì, âæèâàííÿ âåëèêèõ ë³òåð), ÿê³ ïðèçíà÷åí³ äëÿ ïîñèëåííÿ åìîö³éíîãî âïëèâó íà ÷èòà÷à (â óñíîìó

îçâó-÷åíí³ â³äïîâ³äí³ åëåìåíòè âèä³ëÿþòüñÿ ïðîñîäè÷íèìè çàñîáàìè (íàãîëîñ, ï³äâèùåííÿ òîíó, çá³ëüøåííÿ ãó÷-íîñò³).

Åìîö³éíó ³íôîðìàö³þ íåñå òàêîæ çàñòîñóâàííÿ ñë³â ï³äâèùåíîãî ñòèëþ, ÿê³ â³äð³çíÿþòü öåé òåêñò â³ä ³íøèõ, â ÿêèõ âæèâàþòüñÿ ¿õí³ á³ëüø ÷àñòîòí³ â³äïîâ³äíèêè.

Îêðåì³ âèïàäêè òàêîãî âæèâàííÿ âæå ðîçãëÿäàëèñÿ ïðè àíàë³ç³ ïåðåäà÷³ ïàðàìåòðà àáñòðàêòíîñò³, ïðèòàìàííî-ãî êîãí³òèâí³é ³íôîðìàö³¿. Äàë³ íàâîäèìî ùå íèçêó ïðè-êëàä³ââæèâàííÿ ñë³â âèñîêîãî ñòèëþ çàì³ñòü íåéòðàëü-íîãî: it is essential to promote çàì³ñòü it is important to encourage; manifest çàì³ñòü practice; merit çàì³ñòü abilities; to further çàì³ñòü spread; solely çàì³ñòü only; in accordance with çàì³ñòü according to; to perform an act çàì³ñòü to do; available àáî accessible çàì³ñòü existing. Âæèâàííÿ ñë³â âèñîêîãî ñòèëþ, ³íêîëè ç â³äò³íêîì àð-õà¿÷íîñò³, õàðàêòåðíî ³ äëÿ áàãàòüîõ ñëîâîñïîëó÷åíü, ÿê³ òàêîæ ñïðèÿþòü ñòâîðåííþ àòìîñôåðè óðî÷èñòîñò³:

disregard and contempt for human rights; to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion; common standard of achievement, spirit of brotherhood, subjected to, determination of rights, presumed innocent, impose a penalty, arbitrary interference with privacy, residence within the borders, genuinely arising from, deny the right, of full age, regardless of frontiers, supplemented by, promote understanding, set forth in, securing due recognition, destruction of the rights, herein òîùî.

Òàêèì ÷èíîì, “Çàãàëüíó äåêëàðàö³þ ïðàâ ëþäèíè”

òà ³íø³ äîêóìåíòè ó ãàëóç³ ïðàâ ëþäèíè çà òðàíñëàòîëî-ã³÷íîþ êëàñèô³êàö³ºþ [1] ñë³ä â³äíåñòè äî ðîçðÿäó ïðè-ìàðíî(ïåðåâàæíî)-îïåðàòèâíèõ òåêñò³â, òîáòî òàêèõ, ãîëîâíå íàâàíòàæåííÿ â ÿêèõ ïðèïàäຠíà îïåðàòèâíó

³íôîðìàö³þ. ßê ³ â á³ëüøîñò³ ³íøèõ òåêñò³â, äîêóìåíòè ó ãàëóç³ ïðàâ ëþäèíè ì³ñòÿòü çíà÷íèé îáñÿã êîãí³òèâíî¿

³ íåâåëèêó ÷àñòêó åìîö³éíî¿ ³íôîðìàö³¿, à åñòåòè÷íà

³íôîðìàö³ÿ â íèõ çîâñ³ì â³äñóòíÿ. Îäíàê ãîëîâíîþ çà-ëèøàºòüñÿ îïåðàòèâíà ³íôîðìàö³ÿ. Âèÿâëåí³ â ðåçóëü-òàò³ àíàë³çó ë³íãâ³ñòè÷í³ îñîáëèâîñò³ òåêñò³â, ùî ðîçã-ëÿäàþòüñÿ, äîö³ëüíî âðàõîâóâàòè ïðè ñêëàäàíí³ âïðàâ äëÿ íàâ÷àííÿ ïåðåêëàäó.

˲ÒÅÐÀÒÓÐÀ

1. Àëåêñååâà È.Ñ. Ââåäåíèå â ïåðåâîäîâåäåíèå. – Ì.: Àêàäå-ìèÿ, 2004. –352 ñ.; 2. Õàëååâà È.È. Îñíîâû òåîðèè îáó÷åíèÿ ïîíèìàíèþ èíîÿçû÷íîé ðå÷è (ïîäãîòîâêà ïåðåâîä÷èêîâ). – Ì.: Âûñø. øê, 1989. – 236 ñ.; 3. http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/

eng.htm – Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

ÂÈÇÍÀ×ÅÍÍß ÁÀÇÎÂÈÕ ÑÔÅÐ ÒÀ ÑÈÒÓÀÖ²É ÏÐÎÔÅѲÉÍÎÃÎ ÑϲËÊÓÂÀÍÍß

Òåëÿøåíêî Â.Ë. (Õàðê³â)  óìîâàõ ³íòåãðàö³¿ Óêðà¿íè äî ªâðîïåéñüêîãî

ñï³âòî-âàðèñòâà, ïåðøî÷åðãîâîãî çíà÷åííÿ íàáóâຠïèòàííÿ ï³äãîòîâêè âèñîêîêâàë³ô³êîâàíèõ ôàõ³âö³â, çäàòíèõ óñ-ï³øíî ðåàë³çóâàòè ïðîöåñ ñï³âðîá³òíèöòâà Óêðà¿íè ç ªâðîïîþ òà âñ³ì ñâ³òîì. Ó öüîìó êîíòåêñò³ îäíèì³ç çàâ-äàíü º îçáðîºííÿ ñïåö³àë³ñò³â íàâè÷êàìè òà âì³ííÿìè ïðîôåñ³éíîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ ³íîçåìíèìè ìîâàìè ç ìåòîþ îáì³íó äîñâ³äîì ³ äîñÿãíåííÿìè, à òàêîæ åôåêòèâíîãî

¿õ çàñòîñóâàííÿ â Óêðà¿í³.

Äåÿê³ äîñë³äíèêè [6] ââàæàþòü, ùî ï³äâèùèòè ÿê³ñòü ï³äãîòîâêè ñïåö³àë³ñòà – íåô³ëîëîãà â ãàëóç³ âîëîä³ííÿ

³íîçåìíîþ ìîâîþ – îçíà÷ຠîçáðî¿òè éîãî çíàííÿìè, ïðàêòè÷íèìè âì³ííÿìè ³ íàâè÷êàìè, ùî äîçâîëÿþòü âè-êîðèñòîâóâàòè ³íîçåìíó ìîâó ÿê çàñ³á ³íôîðìàö³éíî¿

ä³ÿëüíîñò³, ñèñòåìàòè÷íîãî ïîïîâíåííÿ âëàñíèõ ôàõî-âèõ çíàíü, ïðîôåñ³éíîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ. Äëÿ òîãî, ùîá óñ-ï³øíî âèð³øèòè öå çàâäàííÿ, íà äóìêó âèùåçãàäàíèõ àâòîð³â, íåîáõ³äíî ò³ñíî ïîâ’ÿçàòè âåñü ïðîöåñ íàâ÷àí-íÿ ç óìîâàìè ³ çì³ñòîì ìàéáóòíüî¿ ³íôîðìàö³éíî¿

ä³ÿëü-íîñò³ ñïåö³àë³ñòà. Òîáòî óâåñü ïðîöåñ íàâ÷àííÿ ³íîçåì-íî¿ ìîâè ìຠáóòè ìàêñèìàëüíî íàáëèæåíèì äî ðåàëü-íî¿ ïðîôåñ³éðåàëü-íî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ ñïåö³àë³ñòà ïðè âèêîðèñòàíí³ ìîâè ÿê çàñîáó éîãî ³íôîðìàö³éíî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³,

ïðîôåñ-³éíîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ – áåçïîñåðåäíüîãî (óñíå ìîâëåííÿ) àáî îïîñåðåäêîâàíîãî (÷èòàííÿ).

Îòæå, àêòó à ë ü í ³ ñ ò ü íàøîãî äîñë³äæåííÿ çóìîâ-ëåíà íåîáõ³äí³ñòþ îêðåñëèòè ò³ ñèòóàö³¿, â ÿêèõ ó ôàõ³â-öÿ âèíèêຠïîòðåáà çàñòîñóâàííÿ ³íîçåìíî¿ ìîâè, òîáòî ñôåðè éîãî ïðîôåñ³éíîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ.Ñó÷àñí³ â÷åí³, ÿê³ çàéìàþòüñÿ ïðîáëåìàìè íàâ÷àííÿ ³íîçåìíèõ ìîâ äëÿ ñïåö³àëüíèõ ö³ëåé, çãàäóþòü ïðî ³ñíóâàííÿ òàêèõ ñôåð, àëå íàø àíàë³ç ïóáë³êàö³é òà ï³äðó÷íèê³â äîçâîëÿº çðî-áèòè âèñíîâîê ïðî â³äñóòí³ñòü ¿õíüî¿ çàãàëüíî¿ êëàñèô³-êàö³¿. Îòæå, ìîæíà ãîâîðèòè ïðî íåîáõ³äí³ñòü âèçíà÷åí-íÿ áàçîâèõ ñôåð òà ñèòóàö³é ïðîôåñ³éíîãî ñï³ëêóâàíâèçíà÷åí-íÿ, ùî³ º ìåòîþ íàøî¿ ñòàòò³. Î á ’ º ê òîì âèâ÷åííÿ º ïðîôåñ³éíå ñï³ëêóâàííÿ ³íîçåìíîþ ìîâîþ, ï ð å ä ì å -òîì – ñôåðè òà ñèòóàö³¿ ïðîôåñ³éíîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ.

Ðîçãëÿíåìî çàãàëüíîâèçíàí³ âèçíà÷åííÿ ïîíÿòü „ ñôå-ðà” òà „ñèòóàö³ÿ ñï³ëêóâàííÿ”, ùî áóëè çàïðîïîíîâàí³ Â.Ë.Ñêàëê³íèì. Ñôåðà óñíîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ âèçíà÷àºòü-ñÿÿê „ñóêóïí³ñòü êîìóí³êàòèâíèõ ñèòóàö³é, ùî õàðàêòå-ðèçóþòüñÿ îäíîòèïí³ñòþ ìîâëåííºâîãî ñòèìóëó ëþäè-íè, â³äíîñèí ì³æ ñï³âðîçìîâíèêàìè òà îòî÷åííÿ” [11:

9]. Ó ñâîþ ÷åðãó, êîìóí³êàòèâíó (ìîâëåííºâó) ñèòóàö³þ â³í ðîçãëÿäຠÿê „äèíàì³÷íó ñèñòåìó âçàºìîä³þ÷èõ êîí-êðåòíèõ ôàêòîð³â îᒺêòèâíîãî òà ñóᒺêòèâíîãî ïëàíó (âêëþ÷àþ÷è é ìîâëåííÿ), ùî çàëó÷àþòü ëþäèíó äî ìîâ-íî¿ êîìóí³êàö³¿ é âèçíà÷àþòü ¿¿ ìîâëåííºâó ïîâåä³íêó â ìåæàõ îäíîãî àêòó ñï³ëêóâàííÿ” [11: 5]. Âèõîäÿ÷è ç öüîãî Â.Ë.Ñêàëê³í âèä³ëÿº â³ñ³ì ñôåð ñï³ëêóâàííÿ, ÿê³ ïðèòà-ìàíí³ áóäü-ÿêîìó ñó÷àñíîìó ìîâíîìó êîëåêòèâó: 1) ñåð-â³ñíà; 2) ñ³ìåéíà; 3) ïðîôåñ³éíî-òðóäîâà; 4) ñîö³àëüíî-êóëüòóðíà; 5) ãðîìàäñüêî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³; 6) àäì³í³ñòðàòèâ-íî-ïðàâîâà; 7) ³ãîð òà çàõîïëåíü; 8) âèäîâèùíî-ìàñîâà.

Ó çàëåæíîñò³ â³ä òèïó íàâ÷àëüíîãî çàêëàäó òà éîãî êîíêðåòíî¿ íàâ÷àëüíî¿ ìåòè ïåðåâàãà ïðè âèçíà÷åíí³ çì³ñòó íàâ÷àííÿ ³íîçåìíî¿ ìîâè â³ääàºòüñÿ ò³é ÷è ³íø³é ñôåð³ ñï³ëêóâàííÿ. Îñê³ëüêè äëÿ ÂÍÇ, òåõí³êóì³â òà

³íøèõ íàâ÷àëüíèõ çàêëàä³â, ùî ãîòóþòü ñïåö³àë³ñò³â, ïåðøîðÿäíîþ º ðàííÿ ïðîôåñ³îíàë³çàö³ÿ íàâ÷àííÿ ³íî-çåìíî¿ ìîâè, óâàãà ïåðåäóñ³ì ïðèä³ëÿºòüñÿ ïðîôåñ³éíî-òðóäîâ³é ñôåð³, õî÷à ö³ëêîì çðîçóì³ëî, ùî ³íø³ ñôåðè ñï³ëêóâàííÿ íå ìîæíà âèêëþ÷èòè ç ïðîöåñó íàâ÷àííÿ, áî âîíè òàêîæ âõîäÿòü äî ïîòðåá ñïåö³àë³ñòà.

Íà äóìêó Â.Ë.Ñêàëê³íà [11: 15] „ìîëåêóëîþ” óñíîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ º êîìóí³êàòèâíà ñèòóàö³ÿ. Ñèòóàö³ÿ òà ìîâ-ëåííÿ ò³ñíî ïîâ’ÿçàí³ ì³æ ñîáîþ. Ìîâà ðîçâèâàºòüñÿ

÷åðåç ñèòóàö³¿ ³ íåâ³ää³ëüíà â³ä íèõ. Ìîâà ïîòð³áíà â ïåâíèõ ñèòóàö³ÿõ, òîìó âèõ³äíèì ìîìåíòîì ñï³ëêóâàí-íÿ ìàþòü áóòè ñèòóàö³¿.  ìåòîäèö³ àíàëîãîì ðåàëüíèõ ñèòóàö³é ñëóæàòü òèïîâ³ êîìóí³êàòèâí³ ñèòóàö³¿ – ïåâíà ìîäåëü ðåàëüíîãî êîíòàêòó, â ÿêîìó ðåàë³çóºòüñÿ ìîâ-ëåííºâà ïîâåä³íêà ñï³âáåñ³äíèê³â ó ¿õí³õ òèïîâèõ

ñîö-³àëüíî-êîìóí³êàòèâíèõ ðîëÿõ. Ç òî÷êè çîðó âèùåçãàäà-íîãî àâòîðà, áóäü-ÿêà âêëþ÷åíà äî ïðîãðàìè òåìà ìຠðîçêðèâàòèñÿ ÿê íèçêà ïåâíèõ êîìóí³êàòèâíèõ ñèòóàö³é.

Îòæå, ìîæíà çðîáèòè âèñíîâîê ïðî òå, ùî ñï³ëêó-âàííÿ ëþäèíè â³äáóâàºòüñÿ ó ïåâíèõ ñôåðàõ, ÿê³ â ñâîþ

÷åðãó ñêëàäàþòüñÿ ç ñèòóàö³é, ³ âèçíà÷åííÿ öèõ ñôåð ìຠíàäçâè÷àéíå çíà÷åííÿ ïðè âèâ÷åíí³ ³íîçåìíî¿ ìîâè, îñ-ê³ëüêè âîíè îêðåñëþþòü íåîáõ³äíèé ì³í³ìóì äëÿ

âèâ-÷åííÿ ìîâè òà ïîäàëüøîãî óñï³øíîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ.

Çã³äíî ç ïðîåêòîì äåðæàâíîãî çàãàëüíîîñâ³òíüîãî ñòàíäàðòó ç ³íîçåìíèõ ìîâ [9] ôîðìóâàííÿ íàâè÷îê ³ óì³íü ³íøîìîâíîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ ñòóäåíò³â ïåðåäáà÷ຠäîñÿãíåííÿ íèìè òàêîãî ð³âíÿ êîìóí³êàòèâíî¿ êîìïå-òåíö³¿, ÿêèé áóâ áè äîñòàòí³é äëÿ çä³éñíåííÿ ñï³ëêóâàí-íÿ ó ïåâíèõ êîìóí³êàòèâíèõ ñôåðàõ, à ñàìå: ïðèâàòí³é, ïóáë³÷í³é, îñâ³òí³é òà ïðîôåñ³éí³é.

Âèùåíàâåäåíèé ïðîåêò áóëî ñòâîðåíî ç óðàõóâàííÿì ðåêîìåíäàö³é Ðàäè ªâðîïè ùîäî íàâ÷àííÿ, âèêëàäàííÿ

òà îö³íþâàííÿ àíãë³éñüêî¿ ìîâè [3], â³äïîâ³äíî äî ÿêèõ êîæíèé àêò âèêîðèñòàííÿ ìîâè çíàõîäèòüñÿ â êîíòåêñò³ ïåâíî¿ ñèòóàö³¿ â ìåæàõ îäíî¿ ³ç ñôåð (îáëàñòåé 䳿 àáî çàö³êàâëåíîñò³), ùî îðãàí³çóþòü ñóñï³ëüíå æèòòÿ. Âèá³ð ñôåð, â ÿêèõ ò³, õòî íàâ÷àºòüñÿ, ãîòóþòüñÿ ä³ÿòè, ìຠäà-ëåêîñÿæíèé âëèâ íà â³äá³ð ñèòóàö³é, ö³ëåé, çàâäàíü, òåì òà òåêñò³â äëÿ íàâ÷àëüíèõ òà êîíòðîëüíèõ ìàòåð³àë³â.

ʳëüê³ñòü ìîæëèâèõ ñôåð º íåâèçíà÷åíîþ, îñê³ëüêè áóäü-ÿêà ñôåðà ä³ÿëüíîñò³ àáî ³íòåðåñó ìîæå ñòàíîâèòè ñôå-ðó çàö³êàâëåíîñò³ ïåâíîãî êîðèñòóâà÷à àáî êóðñó. Ïðè íàâ÷àíí³ ìîâè ó çàãàëüíèõ ö³ëÿõ çà äàíèì äîêóìåíòîì ñë³ä ðîçð³çíÿòè ùîíàéìåíøå íàñòóïí³ ñôåðè:îñîáèñòó, â ÿê³é ëþäèíà 䳺 ÿê ïðèâàòíà îñîáà;ïóáë³÷íó, â ÿê³é ëþäèíà 䳺 ÿê ÷ëåí çàãàëüíîãî ñóñï³ëüñòâà àáî ïåâíî¿

îðãàí³çàö³¿;ïðîôåñ³éíó, â ÿê³é ëþäèíà çàä³ÿíà ó âëàñí³é ïðîôåñ³éí³é ä³ÿëüíîñò³;îñâ³òíþ, â ÿê³é ëþäèíà çàä³ÿíà â îðãàí³çîâàíîìó íàâ÷àíí³.

Ó âèùåçãàäàíèõ ðåêîìåíäàö³ÿõ òàêîæ çàóâàæóºòüñÿ, ùî â ïðîöåñ³ íàâ÷àííÿ ³íîçåìíî¿ ìîâè ìîæå áóòè çàä³ÿ-íà á³ëüø í³æ îäçàä³ÿ-íà ñôåðàñï³ëêóâàííÿ â çàëåæíîñò³ â³ä éîãî ìåòè, òîìó ñë³ä âðàõîâóâàòè ñàìå òàê³ ñôåð³, â ÿêèõ áóäóòü ä³ÿòè ò³, õòî íàâ÷àºòüñÿ.

Ó êîæí³é ñôåð³ âèíèêàþòü ïåâí³ âíóòð³øí³ ñèòóàö³¿, ÿê³ çã³äíî ç ðåêîìåíäàö³ÿìè ìîæóòü áóòè îïèñàí³ â òà-êèõ ìåæàõ ÿê:ì³ñöå òà ÷àñ, äå/êîëè âîíè â³äáóâàþòüñÿ;

çàêëàäè òà îðãàí³çàö³¿, ùî ¿õ êîíòðîëþþòü;ä³éîâ³ îñî-áè, ÿê³ â íèõ çàä³ÿí³;îᒺêòè îòî÷óþ÷îãî ñâ³òó;ïî䳿, ÿê³ â³äáóâàþòüñÿ;òåêñòè, ùî çóñòð³÷àþòüñÿ â ìåæàõ ñè-òóàö³é [3]. Àâòîðè Ïðîãðàìè àíãë³éñüêî¿ ìîâè äëÿ ïðî-ôåñ³éíîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿäî öüîãî ïåðåë³êó òàêîæ äîäà-þòüîïåðàö³¿, ÿê³ âèêîíóþòüñÿ ä³éîâèìè îñîáàìè òà êà-íàëè êîìóí³êàö³¿ [8].

Ó Ïðîãðàì³ àíãë³éñüêî¿ ìîâè äëÿ ïðîôåñ³éíîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ [8], ÿêà áóëà ñòâîðåíà ç óðàõóâàííÿì âèùåç-ãàäàíèõ Ðåêîìåíäàö³é, âêàçóºòüñÿ, ùî çàãàëüíîþ ìåòîþ âèêëàäàííÿ òà âèâ÷åííÿ àíãë³éñüêî¿ ìîâè äëÿ ïðîôåñ³é-íîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ º ï³äãîòîâêà ñòóäåíò³â äî åôåêòèâíî¿

êîìóí³êàö³¿ ó ¿õíüîìó àêàäåì³÷íîìó òà ïðîôåñ³éíîìó îòî÷åíí³. Òîìó ïåðåäáà÷àºòüñÿ, ùî êîìóí³êàòèâí³ ìîâí³ êîìïåòåíö³¿ áóäóòü ôîðìóâàòèñÿ äëÿ àäåêâàòíî¿ ïîâåä³-íêè ó ðåàëüíèõ ñèòóàö³ÿõ, ÿê³ º çàãàëüíèìè äëÿ ñòóäåíò³â ð³çíèõ ñïåö³àëüíîñòåé. Íà äóìêó àâòîð³â âèùåçãàäàíî¿

ïðîãðàìè, ðîçðîáíèêè êóðñ³â àíãë³éñüêî¿ ìîâè äëÿ ïðî-ôåñ³éíîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ ìàþòü ÷³òêî âèçíà÷èòè íåîáõ³äí³ êîìóí³êàòèâí³ óì³ííÿ, à òàêîæ ñèòóàö³¿ òà ïðîôåñ³éí³ ñôåðè, â ÿêèõ ò³, ùî íàâ÷àþòüñÿ, áóäóòü âèêîðèñòîâóâà-òè ö³ óì³ííÿ. Öå ïîâèííî çä³éñíþâàâèêîðèñòîâóâà-òèñÿ øëÿõîì àíàë³-çó ïîòðåá, ³ ïåðåâàãà íàäàºòüñÿ òèì, ùî íàéá³ëüøå çà-áåçïå÷óþòü àäåêâàòíó ìîâëåííºâó ïîâåä³íêó ñòóäåíò³â ó ¿õí³é ìàéáóòí³é ïðîôåñ³éí³é ä³ÿëüíîñò³. Ó òàêèé ñïîñ³á áóäóòü çàäîâîëåí³ ðåàëüí³ íàâ÷àëüí³ òà ïðîôåñ³éí³ ïî-òðåáè [8].

Îòæå, ç íàøî¿ òî÷êè çîðó, âèõîäÿ÷è ç âèêëàäåíîãî âèùå, ìîæíà ãîâîðèòè òàêîæ ³ ïðî ³ñíóâàííÿ ïåâíèõ

ñôåð ïðîôåñ³éíîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ, ùî ó ñâîþ ÷åðãó, ñêëàäàþòüñÿ ç íèçêè ñèòóàö³é, ÿê³ îêðåñëþþòü êîìóí³-êàòèâí³ ïîòðåáè ñïåö³àë³ñòà ³ òèì ñàìèì âèçíà÷àþòü íå-îáõ³äíèé òà äîñòàòí³é ì³í³ìóì çíàíü, íàâè÷îê ³ óì³íü äëÿ óñï³øíîãî çä³éñíåííÿ ñï³ëêóâàííÿ ³íîçåìíîþ ìî-âîþ ó ñïåö³àëüíèõ ö³ëÿõ. Ó òîé ñàìèé ÷àñ, îêðåñëåííÿ êîëà öèõ ñôåð ³ ñèòóàö³é ùå çàëèøàºòüñÿ ïðîáëåìîþ.

Òàê, óâèùåçãàäàí³é Ïðîãðàì³ àíãë³éñüêî¿ ìîâè äëÿ ïðîôåñ³éíîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ éäåòüñÿ ïðî íåìîæëèâ³ñòü ïîäàííÿ ïîâíîãî ïåðåë³êó ïðîôåñ³éíèõ ñèòóàö³é ó Òè-ïîâ³é ïðîãðàì³, îñê³ëüêè ¿õ íàäòî áàãàòî [8: 11]. Àëå, ç íàøî¿ òî÷êè çîðó, ñòâîðåííÿ óçàãàëüíåíîãî ïåðåë³êó ñôåð ³ ñèòóàö³é ïðîôåñ³éíîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ º íåîáõ³äíèì.

Ðîçâ’ÿçàííÿ öüîãî çàâäàííÿ, íåçâàæàþ÷è íà éîãî ñêëàäí³ñòü, íà íàø ïîãëÿä º ìîæëèâèì, îñê³ëüêè, ÿê çàç-íà÷àºòüñÿ ó òîìó æ äîêóìåíò³, „òå, ÿê âèêîðèñòîâóºòüñÿ ìîâà ó ïðîôåñ³éíîìó ñåðåäîâèù³, ³ñòîòíî íå çàëåæèòü â³ä ñïåö³àëüíîñò³. Ó ñâîºìó àêàäåì³÷íîìó ÷è ïðîôåñ³é-íîìó æèòò³ á³ëüø³ñòü ñòóäåíò³â òèõ ÷è ³íøèõ ñïåö³àëü-íîñòåé ìîæóòü ìàòè ïîòðåáó ó ïåâíèõ êîìóí³êàòèâíèõ óì³ííÿõ, çîêðåìà: çàïîâíåíí³ áëàíê³â, â³äïðàâëåíí³ åëåê-òðîííèõ ïîâ³äîìëåíü, ïðåçåíòàö³¿ ³ òàêå ³íøå. Òàê³ óì³-ííÿ âèçíà÷àþòü ìîâëåííºâ³ ôóíêö³¿, âèêîíàóì³-ííÿ ÿêèõ î÷³êóºòüñÿ â³ä êîðèñòóâà÷à ìîâè (íàïð., ï³ä ÷àñ ïðåçåí-òàö³é: ïîäàòè íàçâó ïðåçåíòàö³¿, ïîÿñíèòè ï³äñòàâè ³

ïðè-÷èíè, ç³ñòàâèòè ³äå¿ ³ òàêå ³íøå.)” [8: 13].

Çàóâàæèìî, ùî â³äñóòí³ñòü çàãàëüíîãî ïåðåë³êó ñôåð ³ ñèòóàö³é ïðîôåñ³éíîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ íå º ºäè-íîþ ìåòîäè÷ºäè-íîþ ïðîáëåìîþ ó öüîìó ïèòàíí³. ßê ñâ³ä÷èòü íàø àíàë³ç â³ò÷èçíÿíèõ òà çàðóá³æíèõ äæå-ðåë, ó ìåòîäè÷í³é ë³òåðàòóð³ ³ñíóþòü ùå ê³ëüêà ðîçá³æ-íîñòåé òà ïðîòèð³÷ ùîäî ñôåð, ñèòóàö³é ³ òåì ïðîôå-ñ³éíîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ.

Ïî-ïåðøå, ñë³äçàçíà÷èòè, ùîäåÿê³àâòîðè÷³òêî íå ðîçð³çíÿþòüñôåðè, ñèòóàö³¿ òà òåìè ñï³ëêóâàííÿ. Òàê, àâòîðè ïðîåêòó „ijëîâààíãë³éñüêàìîâà” [2], ïðîïîíó-þòüïåðåë³ê, ÿêèé, ç íàøî¿ òî÷êè çîðó, âêëþ÷ຠòåìè, ñèòóàö³¿ ³ñôåðèñï³ëêóâàííÿ (íàïð., ì³æíàðîäíèé á³çíåñ òà òîðã³âëÿ (òåìà), ïðåçåíòàö³ÿ (ñôåðà), çâåðíåííÿ ùîäî ïðàöåâëàøòóâàííÿ (ñèòóàö³ÿ)). Àëå òåìà íå º òîòîæíîþ ñôåð³ àáî ñèòóàö³¿ ñï³ëêóâàííÿ, îñê³ëüêè âîíà „º ïðåä-ìåòîì âèñëîâëþâàííÿ, ðîçìîâè, ðîçäóì³â àáî òâîðó” [3:

51]. Ó äåÿêèõ êëàñèô³êàö³ÿõ [7], ñèòóàö³¿ ñï³ëêóâàííÿ

÷àñòêîâî àáî ïîâí³ñòþ çá³ãàþòüñÿ ç³ ñôåðàìè êîìóí³-êàö³¿ (íàïð., âåäåííÿ òåëåôîííèõ ïåðåãîâîð³â (ñôåðà), òåëåôîíí³ ïåðåãîâîðè (ñèòóàö³ÿ)). Õàðàêòåðíèìè ðèñà-ìè ñôåðè ñï³ëêóâàííÿ º ¿¿ çàãàëüí³ñòü, øèðîòà òà íà-ÿâí³ñòü â í³é ïåâíèõ ñèòóàö³é, ùî, íà â³äì³íó â³ä ñôå-ðè, âèçíà÷àþòü ìîâëåííºâó ïîâåä³íêó ëþäèíè â ìåæàõ ëèøå îäíîãî êîíêðåòíîãî àêòó êîìóí³êàö³¿.

Áàãàòî àâòîð³â âèä³ëÿþòü ëèøå ñèòóàö³¿ ä³ëîâîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ, â³äíîñÿ÷è äî íèõ, ñåðåä ³íøèõ, òàê³, ùî ìàþòü ðîçãëÿäàòèñÿ, ç íàøî¿ òî÷êè, çîðó ñàìå ÿê ñôåðè ñï³ëêóâàííÿ, çîêðåìà, ñï³ëêóâàííÿ ïî òåëåôîíó [13, 5, 1], ïðåçåíòàö³¿ òà ïåðåãîâîðè [4, 16, 15].

Ïî-äðóãå â ë³òåðàòóð³ ñïîñòåð³ãàºòüñÿ íåóçãîäæåí³ñòü ùîäî òåðì³í³â ñòîñîâíî ñôåð ïðîôåñ³éíîãî ñï³ëêóâàí-íÿ. Òàê, âîíè îòîòîæíþþòüñÿ ç âèäàìè óñíîãî ñï³ëêó-âàííÿ ñïåö³àë³ñò³â [6] àáî ï³äïðèºìíèöüêîãî ñï³ëêóâàí-íÿ [12], ôîðìàìè ä³ëîâîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ [10] àáî

ôóíêö-³îíàëüíèìè ãàëóçÿìè ä³ëîâî¿ àíãë³éñüêî¿ ìîâè[14].

Âèõîäÿ÷è ç âèêëàäåíîãî âèùå àíàë³çó ï³äðó÷íèê³â òà ìåòîäè÷íî¿ ë³òåðàòóðè, ìîæíà çðîáèòè âèñíîâîê ïðî òå, ùî íà ñüîãîäí³øí³é äåíü íå ³ñíóº çàãàëüíîâèçíàíî-ãî ÷³òêî ñòðóêòóðîâàíîçàãàëüíîâèçíàíî-ãî ïåðåë³êó ñôåð òà ñèòóàö³é ïðî-ôåñ³éíîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ ³íîçåìíîþ ìîâîþ. Ñë³ä òàêîæ çàçíà÷èòè, ùî áàãàòî àâòîð³â íå ðîçð³çíÿþòü àáî îêðå-ìî íå âèä³ëÿþòü ñôåðè ïðîôåñ³éíî¿ êîìóí³êàö³¿, ñèòó-àö³¿ ³ òåìè ñï³ëêóâàííÿ. Îòæå, ìîæíà ãîâîðèòè ïðî íå-îáõ³äí³ñòü ïîäàëüøî¿ ðîáîòè â öüîìó íàïðÿì³.

Ìè ðîçðîáèëè òàêèé áàçîâèé ïåðåë³ê ñôåð

ïðîôåñ-³éíîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ, êîæíà ç ÿêèõ çà ïåâíèìè êðèòåð³ÿ-ìè ïîä³ëåíà íà ñèòóàö³¿, ÿê³, ó ñâîþ ÷åðãó, ³íîä³ ñêëàäà-þòüñÿ ç ê³ëüêîõ ì³êðîñèòóàö³é. Çàóâàæèìî, ùî êðèòåð³¿

ðîçïîä³ëó (ôóíêö³îíàëüíèé, ïðåäìåòíèé, ïîñë³äîâíèé, çà òèïîì òåêñòó, çà îðãàí³çàö³éíîþ ôîðìîþ òîùî) íå çàâæäè º îäíàêîâèìè ³ âèçíà÷àþòüñÿ, âèõîäÿ÷è ç³ ñïå-öèô³êè êîæíî¿ ñôåðè àáî ñèòóàö³¿.

². Ñôåðà ñîö³àë³çàö³¿:

1. ñèòóàö³¿ ìîâíîãî åòèêåòó: a) çíàéîìñòâî; á) ïðè-â³òàííÿ; â) ïðîùàííÿ;ã) ïîäÿêà; ´) çàïðîøåííÿ; ä)

âèáà-÷åííÿ;

2. ñèòóàö³¿ ï³ä ÷àñ ïîäîðîæóâàííÿ: à) â àåðîïîðò³ òà íà âîêçàë³; á) ó ãîòåë³; â) ó ì³ñüêîìó òðàíñïîðò³; ã) ó ë³êàðÿ; ´) ó ðåñòîðàí³; ä) â ìàãàçèíàõ; å) íà ìèòíèö³;

º) ïðè îáì³í³ ãðîø³â; æ) ï³ä ÷àñ ðîçâàã.

²². Ñôåðàçóñòð³÷åé: 1. âñòàíîâëåííÿ êîíòàêò³â;

2. ïðåñ-êîíôåðåíö³ÿ/ ³íòåðâ’þ;

3. ä³ëîâà áåñ³äà: à) ïëàíóâàííÿ; á) äîìîâëåíîñò³;

â) îáì³í ³íôîðìàö³ºþ; ã) äèñêóñ³¿;

4. çáîðè: à) ïëàíóâàííÿ; á) äîìîâëåíîñò³; â) îáì³í

³íôîðìàö³ºþ;ã) äèñêóñ³¿.

²²². Ñôåðàïðåçåíòàö³¿: 1. ³íôîðìàö³¿;

2. ïðîäóêòó;

3. êîìïàí³¿;

4. ñàìîïðåçåíòàö³ÿ (ïðàöåâëàøòóâàííÿ): à) îïðàöþ-âàííÿ ³íôîðìàö³¿ ç îãîëîøåíü ùîäî ïðàöåâëàøòóâàí-íÿ; á) íàïèñàííÿ ðåçþìå; â) çáèðàííÿ ðåêîìåíäàö³é;

ã) çàïîâíåííÿ àíêåò òà îñîáîâèõ ëèñòê³â; ´) ïðîâåäåííÿ ñï³âáåñ³äè.

IV. Ñôåðà òåëåôîíóâàííÿ:

1. 璺äíàííÿ òà ïî÷àòîê ðîçìîâè;

2. çàëèøåííÿ ïîâ³äîìëåííÿ;

3. îáãîâîðåííÿ ³íôîðìàö³¿;

4. äîìîâëåí³ñòü;

5. çàâåðøåííÿ ðîçìîâè.

V. Ñôåðàïåðåãîâîð³â: 1. ïî÷àòîê ïåðåãîâîð³â;

2. âèêëàäåííÿ âëàñíèõ ïîçèö³é;

3. óëàãîäæåííÿ ïèòàíü àáî êîíôë³êòó;

4. ïðîïîçèö³¿ òà ìîæëèâîñò³;

5. îáãîâîðåííÿ (òîðãè);

6. äîìîâëåí³ñòü.

VI. Ñôåðà÷èòàííÿ ñïåö³àëüíî¿ ë³òåðàòóðè:

1. ïåð³îäè÷í³ âèäàííÿ;

2. äîâ³äêîâà ë³òåðàòóðà;

3. îïèñàííÿ ïðîäóêò³â;

4. ðåêëàìíà ïðîäóêö³ÿ;

5. ïàòåíòè;

6. ìîíîãðàô³¿ òà çá³ðêè ñòàòåé.

VII. Ñôåðàíàïèñàííÿ íàóêîâî-ä³ëîâèõ ïàïåð³â:

1. íàóêîâ³ ïàïåðè: à) ðåöåí糿; á) ñòàòò³; â) îãëÿäè;

ã) äîïîâ³ä³;

2. êîðåñïîíäåíö³ÿ: à) ëèñòè; á) åëåêòðîííà ïîøòà;

â) ôàêñè; ã) òåëåêñè;´) òåëåãðàìè;

3. äîêóìåíòàö³ÿ, ïîâ’ÿçàíà ç óïðàâë³ííÿì ïåðñîíà-ëîì: à) ñëóæáîâ³ çàïèñêè; á) õàðàêòåðèñòèêè; â) (àâòî-)á³îãðàô³¿; ã) àíêåòè òà îñîáîâ³ ëèñòêè;´) ðåêîìåíäàö³¿;

ä) ðåçþìå;

4. äîêóìåíòàö³ÿ, ïîâ’ÿçàíà ç ìàðêåòèíãîì êîìïàí³¿:

à) ïðåñ-ðåë³çè; á) á³çíåñ-ïëàíè; â) ïëàíè-ïðîñïåêòè;

ã) äîãîâîðè òà óãîäè; ´) äîïîâ³ä³.

Çàïðîïîíîâàíèé íàìè ïåðåë³ê º áàçîâèì ³ ìîæå

âàð-³þâàòèñÿ, îñê³ëüêè ïåâí³ ñôåðè àáî ñèòóàö³¿ ñï³ëêóâàí-íÿ áóäóòü â³äñóòí³ ó òèõ ÷è ³íøèõ ãàëóçÿõ. Íàâ÷àíñï³ëêóâàí-íÿ ³íî-çåìíèõ ìîâ äëÿ ñïåö³àëüíèõ ö³ëåé ïîâèííî ñïèðàòèñÿ íà êîìóí³êàòèâí³ ïîòðåáè ñïåö³àë³ñò³â êîíêðåòíîãî ôàõó, à òîìó ç íàâåäåíèõ âèùå ñôåð ñë³ä îáèðàòè ëèøå ò³, ùî çíàõîäÿòüñÿ â ìåæàõ ³íòåðåñ³âïðåäñòàâíèê³â ö³º¿ ãàëóç³.

Ç íàøî¿ òî÷êè çîðó, íàâåäåíèé âèùå ïåðåë³ê ñôåð òà ñèòóàö³é ïðîôåñ³éíîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ îêðåñëþº çàãàëüí³ êîìóí³êàòèâí³ ïîòðåáè ñïåö³àë³ñò³â ð³çíèõ ãàëóçåé ³ òèì ñàìèì âèçíà÷ຠíåîáõ³äíèé ì³í³ìóì çíàíü, óì³íü ³ íà-âè÷îê äëÿ óñï³øíîãî çä³éñíåííÿ ñï³ëêóâàííÿ ìîâîþ ó ñïåö³àëüíèõ ö³ëÿõ, à, îòæå, ìîæå áóòè âèêîðèñòàíèé ÿê îñíîâà äëÿ âñòàíîâëåííÿ êîíêðåòíèõ çàâäàíü, â³äáîðó òåì, òåêñò³â òà ³íøèõ ìàòåð³àë³â ïðè íàâ÷àíí³ ³íîçåìíî¿

ìîâè äëÿ ïðîôåñ³éíîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ ñïåö³àë³ñò³â ð³çíèõ ãàëóçåé, â ÷îìó ³ ïîëÿãàþòü ïåðñïåêòèâè ïîäàëüøèõ äîñë³äæåíü.

˲ÒÅÐÀÒÓÐÀ

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Ëåíâ³ò, 2005. – 119 ñ. 9. Ïðîåêò. Äåðæàâíèé çàãàëüíîîñâ³òí³é ñòàíäàðò ç ³íîçåìíèõ ìîâ // English language and culture. – 2003. – ¹6. – Ñ. 4-7. 10. Ñàéïðåñ Ë. Ïðàêòèêà äåëîâîãî îá-ùåíèÿ: Ïóòåâîäèòåëü ïî ìèðó äåëîâîãî àíãëèéñêîãî. – Ì.:

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