Top PDF MOF Lec1 最近の更新履歴 yyasuda's website
最近の更新履歴 yyasuda's website
政府（官僚組織、政治家）はどのように行動するのか？ 政治の経済学 政治の経済学 政治の経済学 政治の経済学
私企業の中でなにが起こっているのか？
組織の経済学、企業統治（コーポレート・ガバナンス） 組織の経済学、企業統治（コーポレート・ガバナンス） 組織の経済学、企業統治（コーポレート・ガバナンス） 組織の経済学、企業統治（コーポレート・ガバナンス）
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Lec2 1 最近の更新履歴 yyasuda's website
2 α ◦ x ⊕ (1 − α) ◦ y ∼ (1 − α) ◦ y ⊕ α ◦ x: The consumer does
not care about the order in which the lottery is described.
3 β ◦ (α ◦ x ⊕ (1 − α) ◦ y) ⊕ (1 − β) ◦ y ∼ (βα) ◦ x ⊕ (1 − βα) ◦ y:
A consumer’s perception of a lottery depends only on the net probabilities of receiving the various prizes.
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Final1 13 最近の更新履歴 yyasuda's website
(c) Formulate the cost minimization problem (you may denote a target output level by y). Then, solve it and derive the (minimum) cost function, c(w 1 , w 2 , y).
5. Risk Aversion (15 points)
Suppose that a division maker has the vNM utility function, u(x) = ln x.
Midterm1 14 最近の更新履歴 yyasuda's website
(a) Suppose % is represented by utility function u(·). Then, u(·) is quasi-concave IF AND ONLY IF % is convex.
(b) Marshallian demand function is ALWAYS weakly decreasing in its own price. (c) Lagrange’s method ALWAYS derives optimal solutions for any optimization
Final1 14 最近の更新履歴 yyasuda's website
is increasing in x 1 , the marginal
product of x 2 must be negative.
(c) Let (x, p) be a competitive equilibrium. Suppose u i (y i ) > u i (x i ) for some
bundle y i . Then show that p · y i > p · x i . Does this depend on whether utility
PS2 1 最近の更新履歴 yyasuda's website
Explain.
(b) Show that any risk averse decision maker whose preference satisfies indepen- dence axiom must prefer L 2 to L 3 .
3. Question 3 (4 points) Suppose a monopolist with constant marginal costs prac- tices third-degree price discrimination. Group A’s elasticity of demand is ǫ A and
PracticeM 最近の更新履歴 yyasuda's website
Consider a consumer problem. Suppose that a choice function x(p; !) satis…es Walras’s law and WA. Then, show that x(p; !) is homogeneous of degree zero. 6. Lagrange’s Method
You have two …nal exams upcoming, Mathematics (M) and Japanese (J), and have to decide how to allocate your time to study each subject. After eating, sleeping, exercising, and maintaining some human contact, you will have T hours each day in which to study for your exams. You have …gured out that your grade point average (G) from your two courses takes the form
PracticeF 最近の更新履歴 yyasuda's website
long-run total, average, and marginal cost functions.
7. Expected Utility
Suppose that an individual can either exert e¤ort or not. The cost of e¤ort is c. Her initial wealth is 100. Her probability of facing a loss 75 (that is, her wealth becomes 25) is 1
Final 最近の更新履歴 yyasuda's website
3. Auction (14 points)
Suppose that a seller auctions one object to two buyers, = 1, 2. The buyers submit bids simultaneously, and the buyer with higher bid receives the object. The loser pays nothing while the winner pays the average of the two bids b + b
Final1 12 最近の更新履歴 yyasuda's website
i (p, u) denote the Hicksian demand function of good i and e(p, u) denote
the expenditure function. Then, state the Shephard’s lemma.
(c) Using envelope theorem, derive either (a) Roy’s identity, or (b) Shephard’s lemma. You can assume that the first order conditions guarantee the optimal solution, i.e., ignore the second order conditions.
Lec1 14 最近の更新履歴 yyasuda's website
Suppose that consumer i has preferences over the contingent consumption plans that satisfy expected utility hypothesis:
U i (x i 1 , x i 2 ) = π 1 u i (x i 1 ) + π 2 u i (x i 2 )
where π 1 (π 2 ) is the objective probability of nice (bad) weather.
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Lec1 11 最近の更新履歴 yyasuda's website
Pareto Efficiency (1)
A situation is called Pareto efficient if there is no way to make someone better off without making someone else worse off.
That is, there is no way to make all agents better off. To put it differently, each agent is as well off as possible, given the utilities of the other agents.
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Lec1 12 最近の更新履歴 yyasuda's website
Second Welfare Theorem (1) Theorem 12
Consider an exchange economy with P i∈I e i ≫ 0, and assume that utility function u i is continuous, strongly increasing, and strictly quasiconcave for all i ∈ I. Then, any Pareto efficient allocation x is a competitive equilibrium allocation when endowments are redistributed to be equal to x.
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Lec1 13 最近の更新履歴 yyasuda's website
Second Welfare Theorem Theorem 9
Suppose the conditions stated in the existence theorem are satisfied. Let (x ∗ , y ∗ ) be a feasible Pareto efficient allocation. Then, there are income transfers, T 1 , ..., T I , satisfying P i∈I T i = 0, and a price vector p such that for all j ∈ J and for all i ∈ I.
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EX2 1 最近の更新履歴 yyasuda's website
Solve the following problems in Snyder and Nicholson (11th):. 1.[r]
Final1 08 最近の更新履歴 yyasuda's website
(! x ; ! y ) = (1; 1)
(a) Assume there are only two individuals in this economy. Then, draw the Edgworth-box and show the contract curve. Find a general equilibrium (equilibrium price and allocation) if it exists. If there is no equilibrium, explain the reason.
Final1 09 最近の更新履歴 yyasuda's website
(d) Solve the pro…t maximization problem in (c), and derive the pro…t function, (p; w 1 ; w 2 ).
4. Uncertainty (10 points)
Suppose that an individual can either exert e¤ort or not. The cost of e¤ort is c. Her initial wealth is 100. Her probability of facing a loss 75 (that is, her wealth becomes 25) is 1
Midterm1 10 最近の更新履歴 yyasuda's website
Hint: You can graphically show the claims if you prefer to do so.
(b) Derive the critical points (i.e., the combinations satisfying the …rst order con- ditions) of this maximization problem by using Lagrange’s method.
(c) What is the (maximum) value function? Is it strictly increasing in a?
Final1 10 最近の更新履歴 yyasuda's website
where ; > 0. Let w 1 ; w 2 > 0 be the prices for inputs x 1 and x 2 respectively.
Then, answer the following questions.
(a) Sketch the isoquant for this technology.
Hint: Isoquant is the combination of inputs that achieves a certain given level of output. (corresponds to “indi¤erence curve” in consumer theory.)
Final1 11 最近の更新履歴 yyasuda's website
(d) If the relative risk aversion of some risk averse decision maker is independent of her wealth, then her absolute risk aversion MUST be decreasing in wealth.. (e) The competitive equi[r]