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Room 2

Room 2

9:50~10:50

招待講演 2

座長:西浦 康正(筑波大学附属病院土浦市地域臨床教育センター)

1-2-IL2 Nerve injury, the dying neurons and the frustrating nerve gap

Mikael Wiberg, MD, PhD

(Professor, Dept of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Umeå University Hospital, Sweden)

Functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury is limited by many factors related to the biology of the nervous system, including the extent of nerve cell survival after the injury, the rate and quality of axonal outgrowth, the orientation and specificity in growth of regenerating axons, production of scar molecules and the survival and state of the end organs. We are investigating the biological reactions which impede regeneration with the goal to develop novel therapies to increase neuronal survival and reduce target organ atrophy. Using experimental in vivo peripheral nerve injury models we have characterised the time course of neuronal cell death and we have also studied this after upper limb nerve injury in patients. We are investigating the apoptotic signalling mechanisms which lead to the cell death and elucidating the role of microRNAs, important post transcriptional regulators, in controlling how these processes are activated or repressed. We have shown that antioxidant drugs such as N-acetyl-cysteine provide significant neuroprotection after nerve trauma.

Clinical treatment of extensive peripheral nerve injuries involves bridging the defect with a nerve autograft taken from elsewhere in the body. This helps to guide some of the regenerating nerve axons across the gap and towards the distal target organs. However, even in this “best case scenario”, functional recuperation of muscle movement and skin sensitivity is very often poor. This loss of function and the added morbidity for the patient due to the need to retrieve a nerve for the graft is far from ideal and has prompted the search for alternative approaches. We are combining cells and biomaterials to create artificial nerve repair conduits within which the regrowing axons are directed by path-finding cues and stimulating molecules. Adult stem cells can be isolated from various sources including fat, bone marrow and dental tissues. We are investigating the neurotrophic, angiogenic and immunomodulatory activities of these cells to find the best cell types to treat nerve injuries. We have shown that these stem cells can be stimulated to become like glial cells which help repair the damaged peripheral neurons. When the stem cells are transplanted within the nerve repair conduits they promote axon regeneration, enhance remyelination and increase proximal neuron cell survival.

The timing of surgery is another factor influencing the extent of recovery but it is not yet clearly defined how long a delay may be tolerated before repair becomes futile. In experimental systems we have shown a dramatic decline in the number of regenerating neurons and myelinated axons found in the distal nerve stump when repair is made more than one month after injury. There is also a significant decline in Schwann cells accompanied by a progressive increase in fibrotic and proteoglycan scar markers in the distal nerve with increased delayed repair time. Muscle atrophy is also significantly increased with any delay in nerve repair suggesting the distal stump reactions also play a significant role in impeding functional recoveries.

Our current research is therefore also focussing on targeting the distal stump, in addition to finding new ways to increase neuronal survival.

Mikael Wiberg was born 5 April 1957 and got his University Medical Degree 1985 at Uppsala University in Sweden. He got his PhD in Neuroscience at the same University 1986 and became Associate Professor in Neuroscience 1991. During the same period he trained as Hand and Plastic Surgeon and became Consultant in these clinical subjects 1991 and 1995, respectively. After one years fellowship in Microsurgery in Leeds, UK, he returned to an Academic post in the Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Umeå University and

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University Hospital, where he since 2001 is Professor of Hand Surgery and Anatomy, Senior Consultant and Head of the academic Department.

His area of research is within neurotrauma and specifically how to improve the functional results after peripheral nerve injuries. His work is both experimental and clinical and has the last ten years been focused on the importance of timing of surgery, neuroprotection and the use of stem cells to bridge nerve defects. He has published around 130 peer reviewed papers, several review articles and book chapters. He has supervised 18 MD and PhD students and runs a research group of 15 people.

The last five years his main research grants have been approved by The Swedish Medical Research Council, EU-VII framework and EU-regional funds.

His clinical subspecialities are pediatric and nerve surgery.

Prof Wiberg is represented at many national and international committees and at present a substantial time is spent being the Director of Research of the University Hospital, Umeå, and their regional representative in the National Committee for Transplantation.

Room 2

12:10~13:10

西新宿セミナー 1

座長:金谷 文則(琉球大学)

共催:ジョンソン・エンド・ジョンソン株式会社

1-2-LS1-1 橈骨遠位端骨折治療の最近の話題

~「守・破・離」を踏まえて~

善家 雄吉(産業医科大学整形外科学)

酒井 昭典

「守・破・離」に則って、最近の橈骨遠位端骨折の話題につき検討した。「守」:橈骨遠位端骨折に対す る保存治療についての再考と掌側ロッキングプレート固定の明確な適応や標準的手術手技について。

「破」:手関節尺側部痛に関する知見については手関節鏡を用いた評価が必須であるが、その判断は難 しい。「離」:「Dualwindowapproach」は、橈骨遠位端骨折の尺骨遠位端骨折合併例や掌尺側骨片の 正確な整復を行う際にとりわけ有用なアプローチである。

善家 雄吉(ぜんけ ゆうきち)

略歴:

昭和47年生まれ

平成 9年 産業医科大学医学部医学部卒業 平成13年 産業医科大学医学部付属病院整形外科 平成15年 マツダ(株)健康推進センター(広島県)産業医 平成17 長崎労災病院整形外科副部長

平成18 香川労災病院整形外科副部長 平成21 産業医科大学整形外科

BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen (HPRV unit) fellowship(独:2ヶ月)

義大病院(E︲DA hospital)骨科 visiting scholar(台湾:3ヶ月)

平成22年 埼玉成恵会病院・埼玉手の外科研究所

平成23年 埼玉医大総合医療センター高度救命救急センター助教 平成23年 産業医科大学救急・集中治療部助教

平成24 産業医科大学整形外科助教

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1-2-LS1 -2  現代の日本社会における橈骨遠位端骨折治療のあり方

内藤 聖人(順天堂大学附属順天堂医院 整形外科)

掌側ロッキングプレートの普及とともに橈骨遠位端骨折治療に対する保存治療は手術治療より難易度 が高いものとなり、また良質な保存治療を継承している施設は少なくなった。一方、現代日本では周 囲からの支援が手薄な高齢者や保存治療を受け入れられない青壮年者が人口の大多数を占める。今 や、掌側ロッキングプレートによる手術治療は良好な短期成績が期待され、積極的な手術加療は現代 の社会背景に適しているかもしれない。

内藤 聖人(ないとう きよひと)

略歴:

昭和53年生まれ

平成15年  高知医科大学医学部医学科 卒業 平成15年  順天堂大学医学部付属順天堂医院 平成18年  順天堂大学医学部付属静岡病院 平成22年  伊豆保健医療センター 整形外科医長 平成22年  順天堂大学大学院 卒業(医学博士取得)

平成22年  順天堂大学順天堂病院 非常勤助教

平成22年  フランス ストラスブール大学手の外科教室Pr LIVERNEAUX 留学 平成24年  順天堂大学医学部付属静岡病院

平成26年  順天堂大学医学部付属病院

Room 2

13:25~14:25

招待講演 3

座長:柴田  実(新潟大学)

1-2-IL3 From Debates to Conclusion in Peripheral Nerve Injury and Reconstruction

David Chwei-Chin Chuang, M.D

(Professor, Taipei-Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taiwan)

I have obtained my microsurgical careers since 1982 . I become a peripheral nerve reconstructive microsurgeon after my training with four inspirited teachers: Prof. Julia K Terzis (USA), Prof. H Millesi (Austria), Prof. A Narakas (Switzerland) and Prof. Toru Kondo (Japan). I have performed numerous reconstructions related to peripheral nerve injuries, including adult brachial plexus injuries (more than 1800 cases ), obstetrical brachial plexus palsy (more than 500 cases, including infant OBPP and Child OBPP ), facial paralysis (> 350 cases), functioning free muscle transplantation (near 1000 cases), compression neuropathy (thoracic outlet syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome, and others), and other numerous peripheral nerve injuries and reconstructions. I also performed numerous searches on peripheral nerve especially on nerve transfers.

There are many debates but few conclusion or answers on peripheral nerves reconstruction. I am today trying to make some conclusion related to peripheral nerve debates from my person point of views, including 1. Classification of degree of nerve injury, 2. Classification of traction avulsion amputation of limbs and reconstruction, 3. Surgical treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome, 4. Surgical treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome, 5. Classification of level of brachial plexus injury, 6. Proximal-to-distal vs distal-to-proximal in priority reconstruction in brachial plexus injury; 7. Nerve transfer. in BPI, 8. Choice of neurotizer (CFNG vs spinal accessory nerve vs masseter nerve) for facial paralysis reconstruction, 9.

Postparetic facial synkinesis treatment, 10. Evaluation system to evaluate functional result after free muscle transplantation.

1. Since 1984, the first surgeon in Taiwan concentrates in peripheral nerve injury, research and its reconstruction → from desert to greenland

2. Between 1985 and 2014, I have performed near 2000 cases of adult brachial plexus exploration and reconstruction, functioning free muscle transplantation (near 1000 cases for different purposes), more than 500 cases of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy reconstruction (including early nerve reconstruction, enterovirus brachial plexus neuritis treatment, and late sequelae reconstruction), facial paralysis reconstruction (> 400 cases), compression neuropathy treatment (thoracic outlet syndrome > 60 cases, cubital tunnel syndrome > 350 cases, carpal tunnel syndrome > 650 cases), radial nerve > 450 cases and other numerous median, ulnar, femoral, sciatic, common peroneal nerve, posterior tibial nerve etc peripheral nerve injuries and numerous peripheral nerve sheath tumors (neurofibroma, schwannoma, plexiform types) resection.

3. I have developed many concepts and techniques related to peripheral nerve reconstruction, such as classification of brachial plexus injury, classification of radial nerve injury, classification of postparetic facial synkinesis and strategy for treatment, classification of traction avulsion amputation of the major limb, technique of gracilis myocutaneous flap harvest, technique revolution of facial nerve reconstruction, surgical treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome, subfascial anterior transfer for cubital tunnel syndrome, operative methods of nerve transfer for irrepairable brachial plexus avulsion injury, contralateral C7 transfer, intercostals nerve transfer, nerve transfer for functioning muscle transplantation (for elbow flexion, elbow extension, finger flexion or finger extension ).

4. Chapter author for two versions (2nd version 2006, third version 2013) of textbook of “Plastic Surgery”,

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for Adult brachial plexus injuries.

5. Host chairman to host “ Instructional Course for Adult Brachial Plexus Injuries”, at Linkou-Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, November 10-11, 2009. Including 6 live surgeries (3 for nerve reconstruction, 3 for functioning muscle transplantation), 8 lectures and “Q and A” discussion

6. Host chairman to host “Instructional Course for Facial Paralysis Reconstruction” at Linkou-Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Oct. 25, 26, 2011, including 8 live surgery, 10 lectures and “Q and A” discussion 7. Numerous presentations and publications, clinical and research

8. Have treated foreign patients from different countries, including India, Malaysia, Thailand, Malaysia, Korea, Singapore, Philippine, mainland China, Australia, Portugal, Spain, Pakistan, Iraq, Nigiria, Sri Lanka and USA

9. journal’s reviewer, including PRS, JPRAS, JHS (America), JHS (European) Journal of brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injury and journal of PRS (ROC)

10. ex-Present of Taiwan Society for Plastic Surgery; ex-President for Taiwan Society for Surgery of the Hand. Establish CME for both societies.

11. President-elect WSRM (2014-2015); President of WSRM (2015-2017)

Room 2

14:35~16:25

シンポジウム 3 :音楽家の手の障害

座長:酒井 直隆(東京女子医科大学附属青山病院整形外科)

有野 浩司(防衛医科大学校)       

1-2-S3-1 管楽器奏者の手の問題

Hand Problems in Wind Instrument Players

有野 浩司(防衛医科大学校 整形外科)

根本 孝一,尼子 雅敏 日本には吹奏楽団が多数存活動しているため管楽器奏者数は案外多い。管楽器は奏者自身が手で重量 を支えながら演奏することが多く、多くの障害が上肢に発生する。中でも手関節、手指に多い。治療 は楽器・奏法の調整が重要で、保存的に行うのが基本であり、薬物療法以外に装具療法、理学療法も 管楽器奏者と楽器の特性を考慮しながら行うことが重要である。手術適応は限定的で十分に長所・短 所を考慮して行い、楽器との接触部の皮切を避ける。

1-2-S3-2 弦楽器奏者の障害に対処するためのヒント

A cue for solution of musculoskeletal problems of instrumental musicians

大江 隆史(名戸ヶ谷病院整形外科)

弦楽器の特徴は弦をおさえる指の位置で音高を決める点、弦と弓との位置関係で音色を変える点であ る。弦楽器では楽器の位置を保持するためにも身体を使う。左上肢では肘は屈曲し、前腕は回外し、

手関節は屈曲する。また指の末節にかかる力も場面により変化する。弓を素早く移動させるために右 肘関節は素早く反復して屈伸される。また指の滑らかな移動には手内筋の働きが欠かせない。弦楽器 奏者の診療に必要な知識を示したい。

1-2-S3-3 ピアノ奏者の手の障害

Musician’s Hand in Pianists

和田 卓郎(北海道済生会小樽病院 整形外科)

射場 浩介,花香  恵,渡邊 祐大,織田  崇 ピアノ演奏には手指の大きな可動域,スピードと強弱のコントロールという高度なスキルが要求され る.練習が長時間に及べば,ピアニストにはoveruseを中心とした様々な手の障害が発生する.本発 表では,頻度の高い腱滑膜炎,絞扼性神経障害,focaldystonia,CM関節炎などの診断と治療を概説 する.さらに,演者らが経験した手術例を提示し,手術適応,手術法について考察する.

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1-2-S3-4 楽器奏者に発症する胸郭出口症候群―鑑別診断の必要性

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome of the Musical Instrument Player-the Need for Differential Diagnosis

代田 雅彦(さいたま赤十字病院 整形外科)

白川  健 楽器奏者に発症した胸郭出口症候群(以下TOS)11例を考察する。TOSを発症し易い骨格的素因が強 ければ、楽器演奏が負荷誘因となり成長期十代にTOSを発症する。この時期に発症せずに成人した 音楽家の中にも、様々な程度の骨格的素因の潜在例があり、何らかの誘因によりそれまで保っていた 胸郭出口部の均衡が破綻するとTOSを発症する。その上肢症状は多彩なので音楽家の手障害の鑑別 診断として留意を要する。

1-2-S3-5 音楽家のフォーカル・ジストニア

Focal dystonia observed in musicians.

中島 八十一(国立障害者リハビリテーションセンター学院)

音楽家に見るフォーカル・ジストニアの多くは動作特異性ジストニアである。ジストニアは基底核疾 患とされながら、大脳から脊髄までの中枢神経系の感覚機能と運動機能の両方で多くの異常が指摘さ れるとともに、それらを統合するあり方で感覚運動連関を含む広範な機能障害と理解されるようにな った。それらを自験例で観察した病態生理に触れながら、これまでに多くの施設でなされた研究を基 にして臨床症状、治療のまとめを解説する。

1-2-S3-6 音楽家の手の障害―概況と関節痛・フォーカル・ジストニアの治療

Medical Problems of the Musician’s Hand - Overview and Treatment for Arthralgia and Focal dystonia

酒井 直隆(東京女子医科大学 附属青山病院 整形外科)

音楽家の手の障害の自験例3,004例のうち職業音楽家は88%を占め、腱鞘炎が25%、付着部炎23%、

筋肉痛12%、関節痛12%、神経障害25%であった。関節痛の33%はへバーデン結節であり、荷重関 節の発想で DIP 関節のアライメント矯正を行った。神経障害の 80%はフォーカル・ジストニアで SlowDownExerciseを中心とするリハビリ訓練に、装具・内服薬・ボツリヌス注射等を併用した。

1-2-S3-7 Musician

s Hand :ジャンゴのジプシースウイングギターから津軽三味線