第８章 総合考察
第３節 本研究の限界と今後の課題
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た，学業的満足遅延尺度の“将来展望”との相関が低かった点に関しても，同様に時間的 要因を配慮した因子であったことが，誘惑対処方略尺度との相関の低さの一つの要因であ った可能性があるだろう。今後，妥当性の検討として，誘惑対処方略尺度と制御焦点など 他の自己制御尺度や尺度に限らず様々な自己制御指標との弁別妥当性や収束妥当性につい て詳細に関連を検討することが必要であろう。
（３）誘惑対処方略に関する今後の課題
本研究で確認された誘惑対処方略には，今後検討すべきいくつかの課題があげられる。
まず１つ目は，気分転換方略の有効性の問題である。第６章の研究５では誘惑対処方略の 全般的な有効性が確認されたものの，第７章の研究７では気分転換方略の有効性を見出す ことができなかった。その原因として，目標達成が困難か否かという設定目標の違いにお いては，気分転換方略が直接的には有効に働かなかった可能性が考えられる。目標意味確 認方略や誘惑回避方略，そして目標実行方略は直接的に目標への動機づけや行動に影響を 及ぼすことが示されていた。一方で，気分転換方略はストレス対処研究における気晴らし 方略のように，“一時的にストレッサーから離れることでポジティブな気分を導き，問題解 決につながる”ことから，一時的に“目標”から遠ざかるものの，結果的には目標に対す る動機づけを高めることが考えられる。そのため，気分転換方略は研究７のような目標達 成が困難な目標または容易な目標においては，直接的に自己統制の成功（目標を優先させ る傾向）に寄与しないことが示唆される。つまり，研究７において有効性の指標としてい た“自己統制の成功”が気分転換方略の有効性の測定には適していなかったことも原因の 一つであるかもしれない。今後は“自己統制の成功”という指標だけでなく，最終的な“目 標達成”や“目標関連行動”といった指標を用いて誘惑対処方略の有効性の検証を行うこ とが課題となろう。
誘惑対処方略の今後の課題の２つ目は，本研究で見出された方略以外の新たな方略の可 能性についての検討である。誘惑対処方略として抽出された４つの方略（目標意味確認方 略，気分転換方略，誘惑回避方略，目標実行方略）は，全体的に認知的な方略や行動レベ ルの方略で構成されていた。しかしながら，感情面に関わる方略（例：目標達成ができな かった場合の後悔や不安といった感情を思い出す）や社会的な方略（例：重要他者を思い 出すことで目標にやる気をだす，友人よりも良いパフォーマンスをしたい）についても学 業場面における自己制御方略として有用かもしれない。
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また，本研究において誘惑対処方略尺度に回答できた学生は，そもそも学業に対する動 機づけが比較的高かった可能性が考えられる。その理由として，誘惑対処方略尺度は “学 業場面における自己統制葛藤について回答者本人がまず意識し，なおかつ何らかの自己制 御方略を用いている”学生を対象としているからである。そのため，もともと学業に対す る動機づけが低い学生については，今回の誘惑対処方略尺度では対象としきれなかった可 能性がある。以上の点も含め，今後の課題としては先ほども述べたように大学生だけでは なく，中学生，高校生などの様々な年代を対象に“どのように誘惑に対処しているか”を 検討することや，学業に対する動機づけが低い人に対しても有効に働く自己制御方略の検 討を行い，自己制御方略としてより充実した方略を検討していく必要がある。
今後の課題の３つ目は，学業場面に限らず，他の自己制御領域における誘惑対処方略を 検討することである。本研究ではあえて学業場面に制限し，学業に特化した自己制御方略 を検討した結果，従来の自己制御方略とは異なる新たな方略（気分転換方略）を見出すこ とができた。同様に，他の領域（例：健康，犯罪，恋愛）における誘惑対処方略について もそれぞれ領域特定的な自己制御方略が抽出される可能性があるだろう。人々は日常生活 におけるそれぞれの領域において自己統制葛藤に直面した場合，様々な方略を使用しなが ら柔軟に自己制御を行っていると考えられる。様々な領域における誘惑対処方略を抽出し 整理していくことは，尺度自体の洗練というだけでなく自己制御研究の進展としても重要 な課題であると考えられる。
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