ɤɨɧ-ɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ „ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ“, ɢ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ» [3]. ɉɚɪɚ-ɞɢɝɦɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ, ɫɨ-ɛɵɬɢɣ, ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɢɧɬɭɢɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ. Ɇɵ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦ-ɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ «ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ - ɤɚɤ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ».
Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɤ-ɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɬɚɤ-ɠɟ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɢ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɨɬɥɚɞɱɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ, ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɬɨɪɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɦɩɨɧɨɜɳɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ʉ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ:
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ, ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ, ɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɚɹ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ, ɩɪɨɰɟ-ɞɭɪɧɚɹ. Ʉɪɚɬɤɨ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ [3].
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɇɵ ɩɪɨɞɟɥɚɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢ-ɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɵ-ɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ «ɞɚ» ɢɥɢ «ɧɟɬ» ɩɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1).
ɉɪɨɞɟɥɚɧɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɧɚɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɦ. ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ, ɩɨ ɬɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1. Ɂɧɚɤɢ «+» ɢ « - » ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ, ɚ ɨɞɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ-ɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟ-ɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɯ. ȼ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɚɯ ȼɍɁɨɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɢɫɰɢ-ɩɥɢɧɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɵ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɵ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɷɥɟɤɬɢɜ-ɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɷɥɟɤɬɢɜ-ɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɥɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɩɟɪ-ɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ«ɉɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɚɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ» ɢ «ɋɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ», ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɛɚɤɚɥɚɜɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ «ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ». Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɟɪɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ȼ ɞɢɫ-ɰɢɩɥɢɧɟ ɢɡɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɛɚɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟ-ɧɢɹ ɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɛɚɡɚɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ SQL. ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭ-ɱɟɧɢɢ: «ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ», «ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ». Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɟɪɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ«ɋɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ» ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɭɱɢɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɜɵ-ɤɚɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɢ-ɫɬɟɦ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɢ ɫɢɥɥɚɛɭɫɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚ-ɛɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ, ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ, ɮɭɧɤ-ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ[2].
ɇɚɲɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚ-ɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɯ ɩɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ «ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ» ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɤ-ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɦɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ «ɉɪɨ-ɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɚɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ» ɢ «ɋɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ», ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ, ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ, ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ:
1.Ƚɨɪɨɞɧɹɹ Ʌ.ȼ. ɉɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. – Ɇ.: ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ-ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɂɧ-ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ. - : http://www.intuit.ru, 2007
2.Ʌɸɝɟɪ Ⱦɠɨɪɞɠ, Ɏ. ɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ. – Ɇ. :ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɞɨɦ“ȼɢɥɶɦɫ”, 2003.- 864ɫ.ɉɟɪ.ɫ ɚɧɝɥ
3.http://www.ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ
ɎɂɇȺɇɋɈȼɈȿ ȼɈɅɈɇɌȿɊɋɌȼɈ ɄȺɄ ɂɇɋɌɊɍɆȿɇɌ ɉɈɉɍɅəɊɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɎɂɇȺɇɋɈȼɕɏ ɁɇȺɇɂɃ
Ȼɚɛɢɧɚ ɇ.ȼ., Ȼɚɲɢɪɨɜɚ ɋ.ȼ.
Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ. Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɦɭ ɜɨɥɨɧɬɟɪɫɬɜɭ – ɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɢ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɟɜ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɟ ɜɨɥɨɧɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ, ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ, ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ.
FINANCE VOLUNTEERING AS A TOOL OF FINANCE KNOWLEDGE POPULARIZATION
Babina N.V., Bashirova S.V.
University of Technology, Korolev, Russia The article is devoted to financial volunteering - new student youth movement aimed at solving the problem of financial literacy of the population of Russia in the framework of the pro-gram of financial education, diverse population.
Keywords: financial volunteering, financial literacy, financial education, financial knowledge.
ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɧɚɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɥɨɧɬɟɪɫɤɢɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɨɥɨɧɬɟɪɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɟ ɜɨɥɨɧɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ.
ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ ɫɬɚɪɲɢɯ ɤɭɪɫɨɜ, ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ȼɭɡɚɯ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɛɚɤɚɥɚɜɪɢɚɬɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ «Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɵ ɢ ɤɪɟɞɢɬ», ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɧɬɵ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ «Ɏɢ-ɧɚɧɫɵ ɢ ɤɪɟɞɢɬ» ɜɵɟɡɠɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɜ ɲɤɨ-ɥɵ, ɬɟɯɧɢɤɭɦɵ, ɤɨɥɥɟɞɠɢ ɫ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ ɥɟɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɨɛ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɯ, ɜ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɢ.
ɋɥɨɜɨ ɜɨɥɨɧɬɟɪ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɨɬ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɝɨ volontaire, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɨɬ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ voluntarius, ɢ ɜ ɞɨɫɥɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɟɰ, ɠɟɥɚ-ɸɳɢɣ. ȼ 18-19 ɜɟɤɚɯ ɜɨɥɨɧɬɟɪɚɦɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɥɸɞɢ, ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɟɧ-ɧɭɸ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ. ȼɨɥɨɧɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɭɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɤɨɪɧɹɦɢ ɟɳɟ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ XX ɜɟɤɚ. ȼ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɥɸɞɢ, ɝɨɬɨɜɵɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜ-ɲɢɦ ɜ ɜɨɣɧɟ. ɗɬɨ ɞɚɥɨ ɬɨɥɱɨɤ ɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɧɬɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ.
ȼɨɥɨɧɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɤ ɢɞɟɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɫɬɨɥɶ ɠɟ ɞɪɟɜɧɹɹ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɨɧɹ-ɬɢɟ "ɫɨɰɢɭɦ". ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɦɧɢɬ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɛɵɥɢ ɛɵ ɱɭɠ-ɞɵ ɢɞɟɢ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɛɟɫɤɨɪɵɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ. ȼ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɥɸɞɢ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɫɚɦɨɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ ɛɵɥ ɬɪɭɞ ɧɚ ɛɥɚɝɨ ɬɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɞɨɜɟɥɨɫɶ ɪɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɠɢɬɶ. Ɉɧɨ ɡɚɪɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɜɟɤɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɞɨɲɥɨ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɜɪɟ-ɦɟɧ.
ȼɨ ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɣ Ⱦɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɢ Ⱦɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ ɟɳɟ ɜ ɹɧɜɚɪɟ 2001 ɝɨɞɚ (ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ Ƚɨɞɨɦ Ⱦɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɰɟɜ), ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɱɟɫɬɜɨ - ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬ ɝɪɚɠ-ɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɨɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɧɨɫɢɬ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɟ, ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɫɬɢ. ȼ Ⱦɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɱɟɫɬɜɨ - ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɜ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ, ɥɢɱ-ɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ.
Ⱦɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɹ ɢɞɟɸ ɈɈɇ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɢɥɭ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɦɢɪ.
ȼɨɥɨɧɬɟɪɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɠɟɥɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɫɜɹɬɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟ ɜɪɟ-ɦɹ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɬɪɭɞɭ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɬ-ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ. ɇɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɨɥɨɧɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɦɢɪɚ, ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɫɶ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɛɳɟ-ɫɬɜɚ.
ȼɨɥɨɧɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ - ɷɬɨ ɦɨɳɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɟ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɪɝɚ-ɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɦɢɪɚ, ɧɨ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɭɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɨɫɲɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɨɧɬɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɞɚ. ɑɚɫɬɨ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ-ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɫɬɵ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɨɬ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɇɨɥɨɞɟɠɶ – ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɟɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɨɫɧɨ-ɜɨɣ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɨɧɬɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ.
ɗɬɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢ-ɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ