Ʌɸɛɚɹ ɢɝɪɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ-ɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟ-ɫɤɢɣ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ – ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɫɨɱɥɢ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚ-ɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɢɝɪɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ɗɬɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɲɚɧɫɵ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ.
Ɇɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɭɛɟɠɞɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜ-ɧɚɹ ɢɝɪɚ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɢɝɪ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ ȿ.Ⱥ. Ɇɚɫɥɵɤɨ, ɉ.Ʉ. Ȼɚɛɢɧɫɤɨɣ [10] ɢ ɞɪ. ɩɪɟɞ-ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɝɪɵ
ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ (ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ) ɷɬɚɩɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɝɪɵ ɫɟɪɢɢ
«Rating games» («Ɋɟɣɬɢɧɝ»).
ɍɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ (ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ, ɨɫɨɛ, ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.).
ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɝɪɵ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɥɢɲɟ ɦɟɠɮɪɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ:
first of all, in my opinion, I’m quite sure, it goes without saying, I don’t think, I can’t agree, I believe, I guess, I quite agree ɢ ɬ.
ȼɨɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɢɝɪɵ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ.
1. Leisure activities (ȼɢɞɵ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ): playing a sport, reading, eating/drinking, walking, gardening, watching TV, surfing the Net, sleeping, meditating, coin-collecting, going to the thea-tre/cinema, shopping, listening to music.
Criteria (Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ): sociable, educational, healthy/unhealthy, restful, enjoyable 2. ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɝɪɵ «Figures and Features» ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤ-ɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ (features) ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ (figures).
ɋɩɢɫɤɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ.
Figures (Ʌɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ): teacher, ruler, businessman, doctor, lawyer.
Features (Ʌɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ): moral, intelligent, honest, sociable, fair, au-thoritative, creative, efficient.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɫɬɭ-ɞɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɢɧɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɤ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ-ɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫ ɢɯ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɵ-ɛɨɪɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɝɪɚ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ, ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɢ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɦɧɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɬɶ ɮɪɚɡɵ ɬɢɩɚ:
It is more important for a ruler to be … than ….
A teacher should be ….
ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɭɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɝɪɭ «Sentence Staffers»: ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɚɱɢ-ɧɚɟɬ ɮɪɚɡɭ, ɚ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɟɟ.
I always feel good when … . I want to learn English because … . Teachers should try very hard to … . I want to become a manager because … . If I were a millionaire I’d be able to … .
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɝɪɟ ɩɨɛɟɠɞɚɟɬ ɬɨɬ, ɤɬɨ ɩɪɢɞɭɦɚɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɡɵ.
ɇɚ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɧɭɬɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɭɠɟ ɜɥɚɞɟɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭ-ɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɟɣ, ɭ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɝɪ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɢɝɪ.
Ⱥɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ-ɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦ ɹɡɵɤɚɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɦ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɩɨɞ-ɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟ-ɧɢɹ. ɑɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɷɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ, ɬɟɦ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɦ. Ɉɝɪɨɦɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɤɚɤ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɲɟ, ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɚɤɬɢɜ-ɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ, ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɟ ɢɝɪɵ, ɪɨɥɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɚ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɢɝɪɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ, ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɞɟɥɨɜɚɹ ɢɝɪɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɜɨɫɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɢɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɩɨ-ɪɚɡɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ «ɞɟɥɨɜɚɹ
ɢɝɪɚ». Ɉɞɧɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ [1], ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɥɨɜɚɹ ɢɝɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɜɡɚɢ-ɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɬɪɟɦɹɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟ-ɫɤɢɟ, ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ ɩɪɟɫɬɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ [5]. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɩɟ-ɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɞɟɥɨɜɭɸ ɢɝɪɭ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ, ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ [14]. Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ, ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ-ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɟɥɨɜɚɹ ɢɝɪɚ [6]. ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɟɥɨɜɚɹ ɢɝɪɚ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ, ɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɢɝɪɵ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɨɧɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɞɟɥɨ-ɜɭɸ ɢɝɪɭ, ɤɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɢɝɪɭ [7]. ɋ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɥɨɜɚɹ ɢɝɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ.
ɗɬɨɬ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɦ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɤɨɦ-ɩɥɟɤɫ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ɉɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ʌɸɛɚɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɟ-ɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ, ɫɜɨɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ. Ⱦɟɥɨɜɚɹ ɢɝɪɚ, ɩɨ ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ, ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɢ ɷɬɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ. Ɉɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬ-ɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɤɨ-ɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɞɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɛɭ-ɞɭɳɢɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ-ɫɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɢɝɪɵ, ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɦɵ ɝɨɜɨ-ɪɢɦ ɨɛ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɢɝɪɵ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ.
ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ, ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɫɩɨ-ɫɨɛɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɨɬɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ - ɷɬɨ ɬɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɢɝɪɵ. Ⱦɟɥɨɜɚɹ ɢɝɪɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɦɟɠɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ-ɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɱɚɳɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɦ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ, ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɨ-ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɝɪɵ ɧɚ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɜɵɤ ɢɧɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ.
ɂɝɪɨɜɚɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɝɪɵ, ɬɚ ɰɟɥɶ, ɤɨ-ɬɨɪɭɸ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɬɴ-ɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɢɝɪɵ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɭɸ ɞɟɥɨɜɭɸ ɢɝɪɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɭɫɩɟɲ-ɧɨɣ, ɟɫɥɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ.
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɷɬɢɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɦ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɢɝɪ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ: ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢɝɪɵ, ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɚɬɪ ɢ ɪɨɥɟɜɵɟ ɢɝɪɵ, ɩɫɢɯɨɞɪɚɦɵ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɨɞɪɚɦɵ.
Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢɝɪɵ, ɰɟɥɶɸ ɤɨɬɨ-ɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ, ɚɤɰɟɧɬɢɪɭɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɬɨ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ. ɉɨɧɹɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɦ ɩɨ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ, ɨɬ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɥɚɞɟ-ɧɢɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɹ ɞɚɧ-ɧɭɸ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɢɝɪɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɦɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɢ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ-ɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨ-ɜɟɳɚɧɢɟ, ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡ-ɜɟɫɬɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ. Ɉɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɜɲɢɫɶ ɫ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɮɚɤ-ɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɟɣ, ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɪɟ-ɲɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ.
ɑɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɝɪ, ɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟ-ɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɬɚɤɢɯ, ɤɚɤ ɜɟɞɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɟ-ɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɵ ɢ ɚɝɢɬɚɰɢɢ, ɪɟɲɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɟ-ɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɨɣ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɢɝɪ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ.
ɍɱɟɧɢɤɢ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɪɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɢɝɪɟ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɡɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟ-ɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɨɥɢ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ, ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɥɟɣ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɢɦɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ.
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɹ ɢɝɪɵ ɢ ɨɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥ-ɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ, ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɞɟɥɨɜɚɹ ɢɝɪɚ ɩɪɨɜɨ-ɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ.
ȿɳɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɢɝɪɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ «Ⱦɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɚɬɪ», ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɡɵɝɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɨɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɢɝɪɵ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɛɟɝɧɭɬɶ ɤɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɨɩɵɬɭ ɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɟɦɭ ɜɠɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚ, ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɟɦɭ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ, ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɢ ɜ ɢɬɨɝɟ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ ɥɢɧɢɸ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ.
Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɢɝɪɵ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɧɚɭɱɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚ-ɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ, ɜɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɜɧɢɦɚ-ɧɢɟ, ɢɡɦɟ-ɧɹɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɥɢɧɢɸ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɢɝɪɚ ɢɦɟɥɚ ɭɫɩɟɯ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ, ɞɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɨɛɹ-ɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚ ɢɝɪɵ.
ɉɫɢɯɨɞɪɚɦɚ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɨɞɪɚɦɚ. Ƚɨɜɨɪɹ ɨ ɫɨɰɢɨɞɪɚɦɟ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɞɪɚɦɟ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɫɯɨɠɢ ɫ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɤɚɤ ɪɨɥɟɜɵɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɢ «Ⱦɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɚɬɪ».
ɇɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɚɤɰɟɧɬ ɫɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ, ɤɨɬɨ-ɪɚɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɟ, ɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɶ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɱɥɟɧɚ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɜɨɣɞɹ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɵ ɨɛɨɝɚɬɢɬɶ ɨɩɵɬ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢ-ɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ. ɋɨɰɢɨɞɪɚɦɵ ɭɱɚɬ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɠɢɡ-ɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɦɨɬɢɜɵ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ.
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɢ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɵ. Ⱦɟɥɨ-ɜɭɸ ɢɝɪɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫ ɭɫɩɟɯɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɢɝɪɵ ɧɚ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɩɨ-ɦɢɦɨ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɟɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ-ɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ-ɪɟɱɟɜɵɯ ɢ ɪɟɱɟɜɵɯ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ.
Ɉɛɨɛɳɚɹ ɜɵɲɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɟɳɟ ɪɚɡ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦɭ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ.
Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ «ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ», ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɹɬ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ ɫ ɪɟɚɥɢɹɦɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠ-ɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ «ɩɪɨɢɝɪɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ» ɜ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɢɝɪɵ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ-ɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ.
Ɋɚɡɭɦɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɢ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɚɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɦɚɬɟ-ɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɫɚɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ.
Ɉɫɜɚɢɜɚɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɟɛɟ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɲɚɝ ɤ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɭɫɩɟɯɭ.
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ:
1. ȼɟɪɛɢɰɤɢɣ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɢɝɪ ɤɚɤ ɮɨɪ-ɦɵ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ. Ɇ.: ɇɂɂ ȼɒ, 1981. 36ɫ.
2. ȼɢɧɢɱɟɧɤɨ ɇ.ȼ. Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɨɩɬɢɦɢ-ɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ/ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɧɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚɯ ɜ ɫɜɟɬɟ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ-ɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ʋ5/ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ 3-ɣ ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ-ɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ-ɧɨɣ ɤɨɧ-ɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ/. – Ɇɚɣɤɨɩ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ȺȽɍ, 2009. – 200 ɫ.
3. ȼɨɟɜɨɞɢɧɚ ɂ.ȼ. Ɉɛ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɮɨɪɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɟ: Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ 30 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ 2014 ɝ.: ɜ 11 ɱɚɫɬɹɯ. Ɍɚɦɛɨɜ, 2014. ɋ. 16-18.1.
4. ȼɵɝɨɬɫɤɢɣ, Ʌ.ɋ. ɂɝɪɚ ɢ ɟɟ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ/Ʌ.ɋ. ȼɵ-ɝɨɬɫɤɢɣ, // ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ. - ʋ6. – ɋ. 61-64.
5. ȿɦɟɥɶɹɧɨɜ ɋ.ȼ. ɢ ɞɪ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɢɝɪ. Ɉɛɡɨɪ / ȿɦɟɥɶɹɧɨɜ ɋ.ȼ., Ȼɭɪɤɨɜ ȼ.ɇ.
, ɂɜɚɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ.Ƚ. Ɇ., 1976. 58ɫ.
6. Ɂɦɢɟɜɫɤɚɹ ȿ.ȼ. ɍɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɞɟɥɨɜɚɹ ɢɝɪɚ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɭɡɨɜ: ɞɢɫ. ɇɚ ɫɨɢɫɤ. ɍɱɟɧ. ɋɬɟɩ. Ʉɚɧɞ. ɉɟɞ. ɇɚɭɤ. Ɇ., 1993.
169ɫ.
7. ɂɝɪɨɜɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ: ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧ-ɬɨɜ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ / ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ȼ.Ⱥ. ɋɥɚɫɬɟɧɢɧɚ, ɂ.Ⱥ. Ʉɨɥɟɫɧɢɤɨɜɨɣ. – Ɇ.:
Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ, 2006. – 368ɫ.
8. Ʉɪɚɫɢɤɨɜɚ Ɍ.ɂ. ɉɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦ ɹɡɵɤɚɦ ɜ ɧɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦ ȼɍɁɟ ɜ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɟ: ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɨɱɧɨɦ, ɡɚɨɱɧɨɦ ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ. ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ Ɇɟɠɞɭ-ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ-ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ, 2013. ɫ. 197-200.
9. Ʉɪɚɫɢɤɨɜɚ Ɍ.ɂ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢ-ɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ ɜ ɧɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦ ȼɍɁɟ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ. 2010. Ɍ. 3.
ʋ 3. ɋ. 91-95.
10. ɇɚɫɬɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɧɢɝɚ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɧɢɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ/ ȿ.Ⱥ. Ɇɚɫɥɵɤɨ, ɉ.Ʉ. Ȼɚɛɢɧɫɤɚɹ, Ⱥ.Ɏ. Ȼɭɞɶɤɨ, ɋ.ɂ. ɉɟɬɪɨɜɚ. – Ɇɧ.: ȼɵɲɷɣɲɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ, 1999. – 500 ɫ. – ɋ. 429 – 461.
11. ɉɚɜɥɨɜɚ ɇ.ɘ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɭɡɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ/ɇ.ɘ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜɚ: Ⱦɢɫ. … ɤɚɧɞ. ɩɟɞ. ɧɚɭɤ: 13.00.01 – ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤ, 2005. – 198 ɫ.
12. ɉɟɪɦɹɤɨɜɚ ɋ.ɉ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɢɝɪ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧ-ɧɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɜ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɟ: Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭ-ɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ: ɜ 11 ɱɚɫɬɹɯ. 2014.
ɋ. 93-94.
13. ɋɚɦɨɣɥɨɜɚ ȿ.ɋ. Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɤɚɤ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨ-ɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɫɬɚ/ ȿ.ɋ. ɋɚɦɨɣɥɨɜɚ: : Ⱦɢɫ. … ɤɚɧɞ. ɩɟɞ. ɧɚɭɤ:
13.00.01 – Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ, 200
14. ɒɦɚɤɨɜ ɋ.Ⱥ. ɂɝɪɵ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ – ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. Ɇ.: ɇɨɜɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ, 1994, 240ɫ.
15. ɗɥɶɤɨɧɢɧ, Ⱦ.Ȼ. ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢɝɪɵ /- Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 1987. – 350 ɫ.
16. Straightforward Guide to Role plays. Philiph Kerr, Lindsay Cladfield, Ceri Jones, Jim Scrivener. www.macmillanenglish.com/straightforward
ɎɈɊɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɋɍȻɔȿɄɌɇɈɃ ɉɈɁɂɐɂɂ ɋɌɍȾȿɇɌɈȼ ȼ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋȿ ɉɈȾȽɈɌɈȼɄɂ Ʉ ɅȿɌɇȿɃ ɉȿȾȺȽɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɉɊȺɄɌɂɄɂ ȼ ɋɂɋɌȿɆȿ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌɋɄɈȽɈ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɋ ɍɑȿɌɈɆ ɆȿɀȾɍɇȺɊɈȾɇɈȽɈ ɈɉɕɌȺ
ȼɨɪɨɧɤɨɜɚ Ʌ.ȼ.
Ɉɪɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ. Ɉɪɟɥ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ-ɫɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɤ ɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɢ
ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɥɟ-ɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ «ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ-ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ-ɫɨɰɢɭɦ» ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ:ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɫɮɟɪɚ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɢ ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɟɫɫɢɹ.
THE FORMATION OF STUDENTS' SUBJECT POSITIONS IN PREPARATION FOR SUMMER TEACHING PRACTICE IN UNIVERSITY EDUCATION BASED ON
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE
Voronkova L.V.
Orel state University, Orel, Russia The article presents a system of psycho-pedagogical support of the process of preparing students for the summer teaching practice in the field of recreation and health of children and adolescents as a means of formation of students' subject position and their personal self-development in a situation of creative interaction “teacher-student-society".
Keywords: subjective position, psycho-pedagogical support, children's recreation and health improvement, consultation session.
Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ, ɫɜɹ-ɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɫ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɢ ɨɡɞɨ-ɪɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɨɜ ɢ ɦɨɥɨɞɺɠɢ. Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɢ ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ:
- ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɢ ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɨɜ, ɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ;
- ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ;
- ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ.
ɉɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɨɡɞɨ-ɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɚɝɟɪɹɯ. ɗɬɢ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɚɜɹɬ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨ-ɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɚɡ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɢɤɬɭɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɬ-ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ ɜ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ, ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɣ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨ-ɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ Ɂɚɤɨɧɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ «Ɉɛ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ-ɧɢɢ», ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɟɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ «ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɮɨɪ-ɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ, ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟ-ɫɬɜɟ» (ɫɬɚɬɶɹ 9, ɩɭɧɤɬ 2 Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɊɎ «Ɉɛ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ»). Ƚɭɦɚɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ-ɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨ-ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬ – ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ-ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɷɮɮɟɤ-ɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ-ɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɦɵ ɜɢɞɢɦ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ.
ɇɚɭɱɧɨɟ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɟ. ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ-ɤɥɚɞɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɨɧɨ «ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɟɬ» ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɟɟ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ. ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ - ɷɬɨ ɰɟ-ɥɨɫɬɧɚɹ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶ-ɧɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨ-ɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɤɚɠɞɨ-ɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ. ȼ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɤɚɠɞɨ-ɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɤɚɠɞɨ-ɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɚɫ-ɩɟɤɬɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɬɨɞ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ.
ɋɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɬɪɚɤɬɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɭ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɪɢɟɧ-ɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɧ ɫɚɦ [1]. Ɂɚɞɚ-ɱɚ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ - ɷɬɨ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡ-ɜɢɬɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɨɫɬɭ [2]. ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨ-ɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɭɬɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ, ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɟɦɭ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ [1].
ɇɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɪɚɡ-ɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ɇɚɫ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭ-ɱɚɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɟɬ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɤ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤ-ɬɢɤɟ.
Ɇɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɤ ɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɝɟɪɹ, ɤɚɤ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ-ɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ. ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ – ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟ-ɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɩɟɰɤɭɪɫɚ «Ⱦɟɹ-ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ-ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɝɟɪɹ». ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɬ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ ɤɚɧɢɤɭɥ. ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ – ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨ-ɬɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ. Ɉɧɢ ɫɚ-ɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦɚ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ. Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ – ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ. ɑɟɬ-ɜɟɪɬɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ – ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ «ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚ-ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ-ɫɨɰɢɭɦ». Ɉɧɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸɬ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜ ɨɛ-ɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɞɟɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ.
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɫ ɨɩɨɪɨɣ ɧɚ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟ-ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɢ, ɨɛɳɟ-ɧɢɢ. ȼ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ – ɷɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ; ɜ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɢ – ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬ ɨɬɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨ-ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɵɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹɦ; ɜ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ – ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟ-ɫɬɜɚ, ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɫɬɢ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɤ ɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɩɵɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨ-ɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɬɨɞ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ. ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɦɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɦ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɟɫɫɢɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɷɬɚɩɚ – ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɢ, ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɤɨ-ɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬ: ɫɛɨɪ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ; ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢ-ɬɢɹ; ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ; ɩɨɞɜɨɞɢɬ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫɨ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɢɬɨɝɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ.
ɐɟɥɶ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɟɫɫɢɢ - ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧ-ɬɨɜ ɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɚ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɜɢ-ɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ – ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɤ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ-ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ (ɜɨɠɚɬɨɝɨ) ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɢ-ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɝɟɪɹ. ɉɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɨɥɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧ-ɧɭɸ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɭ ɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɦ, ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ (ɡɚ ɱɬɨ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɨɧ, ɚ ɡɚ ɱɬɨ ɫɬɭ-ɞɟɧɬ), ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɣ.
ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɫɫɢɢ – ɷɬɨ ɫɛɨɪ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɭ-ɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɤ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɦ ɥɚɝɟɪɟ. ɋɛɨɪ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ-ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɩɹɬɶ ɝɪɭɩɩ. ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɚ: ɱɬɨ ɜɚɫ ɜɨɥɧɭɟɬ? ɑɬɨ ɜɵ ɯɨɬɢɬɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ? ɑɬɨ ɜɵ ɯɨɬɢɬɟ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ ɜ ɥɚ-ɝɟɪɟ? ɗɬɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ, ɨɫɨɡɧɚɜɚɟɦɭɸ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɦ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɝɟɪɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɚɧɚ-ɥɢɡ ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ (ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɣ). ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ - ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ: ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ-ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ? Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜɵ ɩɨɞɭɦɚɥɢ ɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɪɚɡ? Ɍɪɟɬɶɹ ɝɪɭɩ-ɩɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɜɵɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɠɟɥɚɟɦɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ: ɱɬɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɚɲɢɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ-ɬɚɬɨɦ? ɑɬɨ ɜɵ ɯɨɬɢɬɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ ɜ ɥɚɝɟɪɟ? Ʉ ɱɟɦɭ ɜɵ ɛɭɞɟɬɟ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɶɫɹ? ɑɬɨ ɜɵ ɯɨɬɢɬɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜɡɚɦɟɧ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ? ɑɟɬɜɟɪɬɚɹ ɝɪɭɩ-ɩɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ – ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɚɝɟɪɹ: ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɚɲɟɣ ɰɟɥɢ? ɑɬɨ ɜɚɦ ɞɚɫɬ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ? Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɬɪɚɡɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɚɲɟɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɝɟɪɹ? ɉɹɬɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ – ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨ-ɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɰɟɥɶ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢ-ɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ ɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ-ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɯ: ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡ-ɜɢɬɢɹ, ɝɞɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ; ɰɟɥɶ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɫɚɦɨ-ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ; ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ-ɟɬ ɢ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ-ɟɬ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɫɚɦɨɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ; ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ. Ɋɚɡ-ɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ — ɷɬɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧ-ɧɨɣ ɫɟɫɫɢɢ.
Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɫɟɫɫɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ, ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ-ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɨɪɬɮɨɥɢɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɚɤɰɟɧɬ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɫ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɟɬ ɢ ɧɟ ɭɦɟɟɬ, ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɡɧɚɟɬ ɢ ɭɦɟɟɬ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹ-ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɭ. ȼɚɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɨɪɬɮɨɥɢɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɚ
ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ.
ɑɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɫɟɫɫɢɢ – ɩɨɞɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɬɨɝɨɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɟɦ «ɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ» ɜ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹ-ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ, ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɝɟɪɹ. Ⱥɤɰɟɧɬ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɡɧɚ-ɧɢɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɡɧɚ-ɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹ-ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɬɶ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ-ɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ.
ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɟɫɫɢɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɰɟɥɶ ɩɪɨ-ɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɹ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹ – ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ, ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɩɭɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟ-ɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɢ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧ-ɧɭɸ ɭɱɟɛɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧ-ɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɤ ɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɤ ɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧ-ɧɨɣ ɫɟɫɫɢɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧ-ɧɨɣ ɦɨ-ɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɫ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ-ɦɢ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɤɭɪɫɧɢɤɚɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ-ɦɢ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɩɪɨ-ɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɫɮɟ-ɪɵ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɢ ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ-ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚ-ɝɟɪɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɩɨɞɝɨ-ɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ.
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ:
1. Ɂɟɟɪ ɗ.Ɏ. ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɣ: ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɭɡɨɜ. - 2 ɢɡɞ., ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛ., ɞɨɩ. - M.: Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ; ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ: Ⱦɟɥɨɜɚɹ ɤɧɢɝɚ, 2003. - 336 ɫ.
2. ɋɥɸɫɚɪɟɜ ɘ.ȼ. ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɚɦɨ-ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ: Ⱥɜɬɨɪɟɮɟɪɚɬ ɞɢɫ... ɤɚɧɞ. ɩɫɢɯɨɥ. ɧɚɭɤ. - ɋɉɛ., 1992.
ɇȿɄɈɌɈɊɕȿ ɉȿɊɋɉȿɄɌɂȼɕ ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂə ɋɂɋɌȿɆ ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅə ɂ ɍɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂə ȾɈɋɌɍɉɈɆ
ȼ ɊȿȽɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɕɏ ȼɍɁȺɏ
ȼɨɪɨɧɨɜ Ⱥ.ɇ., ɋɨɥɹɧɨɣ ȼ.ɇ., ɋɭɯɨɬɟɪɢɧ Ⱥ.ɂ.
Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ. Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɨɦ (ɋɄɍȾ) ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɚɤ ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɚɧɚ-ɥɢɡ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɜɟɪ-ɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ. Ɉɫɜɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɟɧɞɟɧ-ɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɞɟɨɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɛɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɬ-ɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜɢɞɟɨɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɤɨɧ-ɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɨɦ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨ-ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ:ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɨɦ, ɜɢɞɟɨɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ, ɛɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ, ɡɚɳɢɳɺɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ.