ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɚ Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ

ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɭ

ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ

ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɦɚ-ɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ Ʉɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ

ɜɡɚɢ-ɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɥɸɞɶ-ɦɢ

ȼɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɧɚɭɤɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɷɤɨɧɨ-ɦɢɤɚ, ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬ, ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝ, ɫɨ-ɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɨɥɨ-ɝɢɹ, ɞɟɥɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɪ.

ɍɦɟɧɢɟ ɭɛɟɠɞɚɬɶ, ɜɥɢɹɬɶ, ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɬɶ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɢɦɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɯ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ, ɜɞɨɯɧɨɜɥɹɬɶ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ, ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ

ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨ-ɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ

ɉɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛ-ɥɚɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ, ɫɩɨ-ɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɥɨ-ɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɸ

Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɭɬɢ ɟɟ ɪɟɲɟ-ɧɢɹ

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟ-ɧɢɟ, ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɢ ɞɟɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɦɵɲ-ɥɟɧɢɟ

Ɂɧɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɨɛɥɚ-ɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶ-ɬɚɧɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ

Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ, ɤɪɢɬɢ-ɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ-ɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚ-ɰɢɸ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ Ʉɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ

ɚɧɚɥɢ-ɡɚ ɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ

ȼɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢ-ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ

Ƚɪɚɦɨɬɧɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ

Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɱɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨ-ɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɭ

Ɂɧɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ, ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟ-ɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɧ-ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ

Ȼɵɬɶ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɦ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ

ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɨɜ,ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ-ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚ.Ʉɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɩɵɬɧɭɸ, ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɢ ɫɥɚɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɰɟɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɟɞ-ɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ, ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɜ. Ɉɩɵɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ, ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ, ɧɨɜɚ-ɬɨɪɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ, ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɚ ɜ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟ-ɧɢɹɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɱɧɵɦ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɬ-ɧɟɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ.

Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɫ-ɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ [4]:

ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɦɢɫɫɢɸ, ɱɟɬɤɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɰɟɥɢ, ɥɨɹɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ;

ɰɟɥɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɚɠɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ, ɧɟ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬ ɫ ɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɰɟ-ɥɹɦɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɱɥɟɧɚ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦɢ;

ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ;

ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɭɸ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦ ɞɨ-ɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ;

ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ – ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛ-ɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɢɡ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɤɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɢ ɭɞɨ-ɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɨɜ;

ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɣ ɤ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɸ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɣ ɢɧ-ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɟɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ;

ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɭɦɟɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɧɨ-ɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ;

ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɦ ɟɞɢɧɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ, ɜɟɪɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.

ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ, ɜɵɛɨɪ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɟɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ-ɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɸ ɤ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɟɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɨɣ, ɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɞɟɪɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭ-ɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ.

ɉɨ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɥɢɞɟɪɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɟ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. Ʉ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ:

ɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɵ ɫ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ, ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɨɪ-ɞɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ, ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟ-ɧɢɣ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦ ɢ ɞɪ. ȼ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɥɢɞɟɪɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɛɨɪ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɫ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶ-ɧɵɦ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɭɡɤɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ.

Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɲɟɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ-ɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦɭ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɭ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ – ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢ-ɨɧɧɵɯ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ, ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɤɚɞɪɨɜɵɯ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧ-ɧɵɯ, ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɪ. ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɰɟɥɹɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɟɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ, ɬɢɩɭ ɫɬɪɚɬɟ-ɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɭ, ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɚɦ ɢ ɞɪ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɚ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ, ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ

ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɨɦ ɢ ɭɡɤɢɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɭɬɢ ɟɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. ɍɡ-ɤɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɜ ɭɡɤɨɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧ-ɫɚɥɬɢɧɝɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɧɢ ɞɚɸɬ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɤɚɞɪɨɜɵɟ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚ-ɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɢ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɞɥɹ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ. Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɭɡɤɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɢɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ-ɧɨɫɬɢ.

ȼɟɫɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛ-ɪɚɡɨɦ:

1. ɩɨ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɬ.ɟ. ɩɨ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ;

2. ɩɨ ɪɟɲɚɟɦɵɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɱɟɬɵ-ɪɟɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ: ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ;

3. ɩɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚɦ – ɱɚɫɬɧɨɦɭ, ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ, ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ – ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞ-ɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɢ;

4. ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ (ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶ-ɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ).

5. Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɵ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ [5]:

6. ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɢ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɷɤɨɧɨ-ɦɢɤɢ, ɩɨ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ;

7. ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨ-ɜɚɧɢɢ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɚ;

8. ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬ ɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɬɭɸ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɭ, ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ;

9. ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɨɜ;

10. ɨɛɭɱɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ;

11. ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɟ ɢɝɪɵ, ɬɪɟ-ɧɢɧɝɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.;

12. ɜɵɹɜɥɹɸɬ, ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɪɭɸɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢ-ɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧ-ɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ – ɷɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜ: ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ, ɧɟɡɚɭɪɹɞɧɵɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚ-ɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɭɫɥɭɝɭ, ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɭɸ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɯ, ɝɥɭɛɨ-ɤɢɯ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɫɪɟɞɟ.

ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ. ɗɬɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɰɟɧɬɚɦ ɤɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ (ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦ) ɩɪɟɞ-ɫɬɨɢɬ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɪɵɧɨɤ ɢ ɡɚɜɨɟɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ.

ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ:

1. ȼɟɫɟɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ, Ɇ.ə. Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ-ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɤɚɤ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɇ.ə ȼɟɫɟɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ, Ɉ.ȼ. ɋɟɦɟɧɹɤ // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɋȽɋɗɍ. – 2007. – ʋ16. – ɋ. 18-22.

2. ȼɟɫɟɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ, Ɇ.ə. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɇ.ə ȼɟɫɟɥɨɜ-ɫɤɢɣ, Ɉ.ȼ. ɋɟɦɟɧɹɤ //ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɋȽɋɗɍ. –2007. –ʋ3. – ɋ. 5 - 9.

3. Ʉɭɥɚɩɢɧɚ Ƚ.Ɇ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɥɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ:

Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ : ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɟɪɚɬ ɞɢɫ. ... ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ : 08.00.05 / ɋɚɦ.

ɝɨɫ. ɷɤɨɧ. ɭɧ-ɬ. - ɋɚɦɚɪɚ, 2005. - 40 ɫ.

4. Ɇɹɫɨɟɞɨɜɚ Ɍ.Ƚ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ//

Ɇɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɨɦ. Ɇ. 2007. 32. URL:

http://www.mevriz.ru/articles/2007/5/4595.html (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 03.04.2015).

5. ɉɨɫɟɥɹɧɨɜ Ɉ.ȿ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ

ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧ-ɰɢɢ//ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ. Ɇ. 2007. ʋ2(15). ɋ. 191-1974.

6. ɋɟɦɟɧɹɤ, Ɉ.ȼ. ɉɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɉ.ȼ. ɋɟ-ɦɟɧɹɤ, ȼ.Ⱥ. Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜ, Ɇ.ə. ȼɟɫɟɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ // Ɋɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ: ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ. – 2007. – ʋ4. – ɋ. 100-107.

7. ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ: ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡ-ɦɵ. Ʉɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ «ɇɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬ». – 2015. – 224 ɫ.

8. ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɭɡɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ: ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ/ ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɟɣ Ɇ.ə. ȼɟɫɟɥɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ, Ɇ.Ⱥ. ɂɡɦɚɣɥɨɜɨɣ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞɚ-ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ «ɇɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬ». – 2015. – 200 ɫ.

9. Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ʉɨɥɥɟɤ-ɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ. – Ɇ.: ɂȾ ɈɈɈ «ȼɚɲ ɩɨɥɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪ». – 2014. – 183 ɫ.

ɄɊɂɌȿɊɂɂ, ɉɊɂɆȿɇəȿɆɕȿ ɉɊɂ ɋɌȺɌɍɋɇɈɆ ɉɈȾɏɈȾȿ Ʉ ɄɅȺɋɋɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɂ ɂɇɇɈȼȺɐɂɃ

ɂɫɚɟɜ ȼ.Ƚ., Ʉɭɡɶɦɢɧ ɇ.Ⱥ., Ɍɢɦɨɮɟɟɜ ɘ.ɘ.

Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ. Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ. ɂ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɟɺ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ. ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɟ-ɞɟɧɵ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɚ.

Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ, ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ, ɜɪɟɦɹ.

THE CRITERIA APPLIED AT STATUS APPROACH TO CLASSIFICATION OF INNOVATIONS

Isaev V.G., Kuzmin N.A., Timofeev J. J.

University of Technology, Korolev, Russia In the article graphic interpretation of stages of life of an innovative product which can be considered and as the schedule of the income and expenses of the company is considered. Also the analysis is carried out it. Criteria of transition from one stage to another are offered and for-mulas for their calculation are given.

Keywords: classification, innovation, time.

ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [2] ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ – «ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ». ɉɪɢɱɺɦ ɩɨɞ «ɫɬɚɬɭ-ɫɨɦ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ» (ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ) ɩɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɩɪɢ-ɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ. Ⱥ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬ-ɫɹ ɛɪɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ: ɷɬɚɩ I – «ɂɞɟɹ», ɷɬɚɩ II – «ɇɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ», III – «Ɉɛɵɞɟɧɧɵɣ

ɩɪɨ-ɞɭɤɬ», IV – «ɍɫɬɚɪɟɜɲɢɣ ɩɪɨɩɪɨ-ɞɭɤɬ», V – «Ɇɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ» ɢ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɷɬɚɩ VI – «Ɂɚɛɵɬɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ».

ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ [1] ɫɯɟɦɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ (ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɨɬ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɤ ɷɬɚɩɭ) ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ:

ɗɬɚɩɵ IĺII – Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ.

ɗɬɚɩɵ IIĺIII – ȼɵɯɨɞ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɨɤ.

ɗɬɚɩɵ IIIĺIV – ɒɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɦ ɪɵɧɤɟ.

ɗɬɚɩɵ IVĺV – ɍɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɜɵɲɟ-ɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ (ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ).

ɗɬɚɩɵ VĺVI – ɉɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ.

ɗɬɚɩɵ VIļIV – ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɵɲɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɞɨɩɨɥ-ɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ.

ɉɪɢɱɺɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɷɬɚɩɭ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ. ɗɬɨ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɨ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ (ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɧɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɞɟɸ ɜ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɵɝɨɞɵ ɨɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ. Ⱥ ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ - ɢɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɡɧɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤɭɸ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ ɨɧɢ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɭɬ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɤɚɩɢɬɚ-ɥɚ.

ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 1 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧ-ɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ.