ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɵɦ ɫɟɬɹɦ. Ɉɧ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɢɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ DELPHI ɢ MATLAB. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɦ ɢ ɡɚɨɱɧɨɦ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɟɬɢ, ɫɬɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɪɟɞɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ DELPHI, ɩɚɤɟɬ MATLAB.
THE USE OF CODING STYLES FOR LABORATORY WORKS ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Ahmetova Maira Almaty University of Power and Communication, Almaty, Kazakhstan The article describes a method of conducting laboratory work on artificial neural networks. It provides an opportunity to study the theoretical foundations of neural networks using programming styles such as object-oriented and imperative implemented on different instruments, such as DELPHI and MATLAB. This method gives the ability to qualitatively carry out classes on day time and correspondence as well as in distance learning.
Keywords:artificial neural networks, coding styles, paradigms of programming DELPHI programming environment, MATLAB package.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ «ɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɟɬɢ» ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɭ-ɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. Ⱦɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɟɰɤɭɪɫ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɧɬɨɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɫɬɢ «ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ» ɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ. ɐɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɚ-ɝɢɫɬɪɚɧɬɨɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɟ-ɬɟɣ, ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɫɟɫɟ-ɬɟɣ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɢɡ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤ-ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɟ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɦɨɡɝɚ -ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ. Ʉɭɪɫ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ - ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɢɝɧɚ-ɥɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɦ ɜ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɚɯ ɠɢɜɵɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜ - ɢ ɦɨɳɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɟ ɤ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ȼɚɠɧɚɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ ɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜ, ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨ-ɜɚɧɢɹ, ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ, ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɧɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ, ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚ-ɧɢɹ. Ⱦɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚ ɝɞɟ ɢɡɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɹɡɵɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɪɟ-ɤɜɢɡɢɬɵ ɤɭɪɫɚ. ȼɫɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚ-ɸɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦ. Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ «ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ» ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ «ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ» ɢɥɢ ɤɚɤ «ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ» [3]. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɵ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦ ɤɚɤɫɬɢɥɶ ɩɪɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ.
ɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ (ɂɇɋ) - ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɟɺ ɩɪɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨ-ɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ - ɫɟɬɟɣ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɠɢɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɦɨɡɝɟ, ɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɩɵɬ-ɤɟ ɫɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ: ɜ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ, ɢ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ. ɂɇɋ ɹɜɥɹ-ɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɺɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɵ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɵ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚɦɢ, ɢɫ-ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɦɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚɯ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɟɥɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɧ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ, ɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɧ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɫɵɥɚ-ɟɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚɦ. ɇɨ, ɛɭɞɭɱɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɺɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɵɥɚ-ɟɬɶ ɫ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹ-ɟɦɵɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɵ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ [2].
ȼɵɛɨɪ ɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɢɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ «ɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɟɬɢ» ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɧɬɨɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɂɇɋ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɬɢɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ. ɂɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ DELPHI ɢ MATLAB ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɨɛɚ ɫɬɢɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
MATLAB ɩɚɤɟɬ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɢɦɺɧɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɚɤɟɬɟ. əɡɵɤMATLAB ɹɜ-ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɵɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɵ ɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚMATLAB, ɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɞɜɭɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ - ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɤɪɢɩɬɵ. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧ-ɬɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ. ɋɤɪɢɩɬɵ ɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ. Ʉɚɤ ɫɤɪɢɩɬɵ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɚɲɢɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɞ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɨ-ɜɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ pre-parsed ɩɪɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɵ - ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɤɪɢɩɬɵ, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɜɢɞ, ɭɞɨɛɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɲɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ. MATLABɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ, ɜ ɧɺɦ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟ-ɞɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɬɪɺɯɦɟɪɧɵɯ, ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɚɧɢɦɢɪɨɜɚɧ-ɧɵɯ ɪɨɥɢɤɨɜ. ȼɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɵ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ, ɩɨɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɢ ɞɪɭ-ɝɢɦɢ. ɉɚɤɟɬMATLABɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɩɨɞɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ [1].
ɉɚɤɟɬMATLAB ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɂɇɋ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ: ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɬɪɺɯɦɟɪɧɵɯ, ɜɢɡɭ-ɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɚɧɢɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɨɥɢɤɨɜ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɵ ɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚ-ɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɢɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɦɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɥɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ-ɫɪɟɞɭ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɫɜɨɢɬɶ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ MATLAB. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɫɨɜɟɬɱɢɤɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɞɨɜ MATLAB, ɧɨ ɞɚɟɬ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɂɇɋ. ɉɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ-ɫɪɟɞɚ ɜɵ-ɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹDELPHI. ɗɬɚ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ: ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɢɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɵɦ ɫɟɬɹɦ. Ɉɧ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ
ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɢɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ DELPHI ɢ MATLAB. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɦ ɢ ɡɚɨɱɧɨɦ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ.
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ:
1.Ⱦɶɹɤɨɧɨɜ ȼ.ɉ., Ʉɪɭɝɥɨɜ ȼ.ȼ. MATLAB 6.5 SP1/7/7 SP1/7 SP2 + Simulink5/6. ɂɧ-ɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɂɧɂɧ-ɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɛɢɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɢ.- Ɇ.:ɋɈ-ɅɈɇ-ɉɊȿɋɋ, 2006. – 456ɫ.
2.Ɉɫɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɋ. ɇɟɣɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɟɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ/ ɩɟɪ.ɫ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɂ.Ⱦ.Ɋɭɞɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ. – Ɇ.: Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɵ ɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ, 2002. -344ɫ.
3.http://www.ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ
ɉȺɊȺȾɂȽɆɕ ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ȼ ɗɅȿɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ ȾɂɋɐɂɉɅɂɇȺɏ Ⱥɯɦɟɬɨɜɚ Ɇɚɣɪɚ Ⱥɥɦɚɬɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɋɜɹɡɢ, Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɜɢɞɵ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɞɟɥɚɧ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɦ. ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɛɚɤɚɥɚɜɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ «ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ». ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ «ɉɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɚɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ» ɢ «ɋɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ».
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɹɡɵɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɷɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɚɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ.
PROGRAMMING PARADIGM IN ELECTIVE SUBJECTS
Ahmetova Maira Almaty University of Power and Communication, Almaty, Kazakhstan The article describes the types of programming paradigms, a comparative analysis of programming languages and paradigms is carried out. The possibilities of programming paradigms in elective disciplines for Bachelor's degree in computer science and software are ana-lyzed. As elective courses "Planning of databases" and "intelligence System" are chosen.
Keywords: paradigm of programming, programming languages, elective disciplines, planning of databases, intelligence systems.
ɉɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ - ɷɬɨ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɞɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ. ɗɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦ. ɉɚɪɚ-ɞɢɝɦɚ ɧɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɹɡɵɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧ-ɧɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦ. ɋɥɨɜɨ «ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ» ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ «ɫɟ-ɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ», ɟɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟ-ɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ «ɫɬɢɥɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɫɬɚ» ɢɥɢ ɤɚɤ
«ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ». Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ «ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ» ɢɥɢ ɤɚɤ «ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ».
ɉɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ «ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬ-ɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɟɧɵ» ɢɥɢ ɤɚɤ «ɫɩɨɫɨɛ
ɤɨɧ-ɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ „ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ“, ɢ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ» [3]. ɉɚɪɚ-ɞɢɝɦɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ, ɫɨ-ɛɵɬɢɣ, ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɢɧɬɭɢɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ. Ɇɵ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦ-ɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ «ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ - ɤɚɤ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ».
Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɤ-ɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɬɚɤ-ɠɟ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɢ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɨɬɥɚɞɱɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ, ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɬɨɪɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɦɩɨɧɨɜɳɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ʉ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ:
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ, ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ, ɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɚɹ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ, ɩɪɨɰɟ-ɞɭɪɧɚɹ. Ʉɪɚɬɤɨ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ [3].
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ