Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɨ ȼ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ137 Cs, ɤȻɤ/ɦ2, (ɬɵɫ. ɤɦ)
ɬɵɫ. ɤɦ % ɤ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
37—185 185—555 555—1480 Ȼɨɥɟɟ
1480 Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ
Ȼɟ-ɥɚɪɭɫɶ
30,10 14,5 20,86 6,6 2,22 0,42 ɜ ɬ. ɱ. ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ:
Ȼɪɟɫɬɫɤɚɹ 2,37 7,23 2,3 0,07
ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚɹ 0,01 0,03 0,01
Ƚɨɦɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ 18,33 45,37 11,7 4,72 1,54 0,37
Ƚɪɨɞɧɟɧɫɤɚɹ 0,61 2,41 0,6 <0,01
Ɇɢɧɫɤɚɹ 0,90 2,25 0,9 <0,01
Ɇɨɝɢɥɟɜɫɤɚɹ 7,88 27,08 5,35 1,8 0,68 0,05 ɇɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟ-ɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɛɵɥɨ ɩɥɨɯɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɝɪɨɡɚɯ ɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɫɧɢɠɟ-ɧɢɸ ɞɨɡ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɲɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ-ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɵ ɧɚ ɑɟɪɧɨɛɵɥɶɫɤɨɣ Ⱥɗɋ. ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɛɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ
ɛɵɥ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
«ɱɟɪɧɨɛɵɥɶɫɤɢɯ» ɡɨɧ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɢɢ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ ɞɜɭɯɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɳɟɣ, ɱɬɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹ-ɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɬ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨ — ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɝɨ, ɡɧɚɤɨɦɵɯ ɟɦɭ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɟ ɥɸ-ɞɟɣ («ɥɢɞɟɪɨɜ ɦɧɟɧɢɹ»).
ɇɟɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵ, ɱɟɦ
«ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ» ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɦ ɡɧɚ-ɧɢɟɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɵɟ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɦ ɱɟɪɧɨɛɵɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
ȼ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟ-ɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ (ɜɪɚɱɟɣ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨɜ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɠɭɪɧɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɪɚ-ɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ).
ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨ-ɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨ-ɳɶɸ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɭ-ɬɟɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɩɥɚɧɵ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ (ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɨɜ, ɫɨɜɟɳɚɧɢɣ, ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɣ) ɞɨ-ɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɦ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɱɟɪɧɨɛɵɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɚɜɚ-ɪɢɢ. ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟ-ɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɞɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɲɢɯɫɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚɦɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɨɯɜɚɬ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚ-ɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ.
ȼ 2009—2010 ɝɝ. ɛɵɥ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɢ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ: ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɚ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɥɟɫɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ, ɪɚ-ɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ, ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟ-ɦɚɦ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɤɨɧɵ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɚɧɧɨɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱ-ɧɢɤɢ — ɜɫɟɝɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ 8 ɬɵɫ. ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɩɢɣ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢ-ɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɲɢɯɫɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɸ ɜɫɥɟɞ-ɫɬɜɢɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɑȺɗɋ, ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɛɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɦɢ ɭɱɟɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧ ɢ ɢɡɞɚɧ «Ⱥɬ-ɥɚɫ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɑɟɪɧɨɛɵɥɶɫɤɨɣ Ⱥɗɋ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ». ɗɬɨɬ ɚɬɥɚɫ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɦ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɦ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟɦ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱ-ɧɨ-ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ, ɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ; ɞɨɡɚɯ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ;
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɞɟɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ; ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ; ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɱɟɪɧɨɛɵɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɝɪɚɠ-ɞɚɧ.
ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɪɚɞɢɨ-ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ ɜɟɞɭɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɮɚɤɭɥɶ-ɬɟɬɟ Ƚɨɦɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɢɦ. Ɏ. ɋɤɨɪɢɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ.
ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɢɨ-ɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ (ɜɪɚɱɟɣ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ, ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ) ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɜɵɞɚɸɬ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɩɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯ-ɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɭɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧ-ɧɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɶɹɯ.
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ-ɫɬɢ ɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɯ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɨ-ɫɨɛɵ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɠɢ-ɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤ-ɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɡ-ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɥɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢɯ ɫɧɢɠɟ-ɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ.
Ɍɚɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɨɪ-ɦɚɬɢɜɚɦ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ, ɚɝɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɚɝɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟ-ɧɢɹ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɢɡ ɩɨɱ-ɜɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ: ɨɬ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨ-ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ; ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ; ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜɨɡɞɟɥɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ.
Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɫɬɜ ɜɧɨɫɢɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɞɨɡɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɥɟɬɧɟ-ɩɚɫɬɛɢɳɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɡɢɦɧɟ-ɫɬɨɣɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ, ɩɭɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ. Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚ-ɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɭɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɡ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵ ɫ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɠɢ-ɜɨɬɧɵɯ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɚɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ-ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɨɪɦɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɧɚ «ɱɢɫɬɵɯ» ɤɨɪ-ɦɚɯ [1].
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬ-ɤɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨ-ɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ-ɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ.
ɇɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟ-ɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɚɯ.
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬ ɩɨɥɭ-ɱɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣ-ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ.
Ɂɧɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ, ɛɭɞɭɬ ɫɩɨ-ɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢ-ɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ.
ȼ Ƚɨɦɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧ Ɋɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ – ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɥɭɠɛ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɫ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɤ ɦɟɫɬɚɦ ɢɯ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ. [2].
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡ-ɧɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɧɨ-ɜɟɣɲɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɜ
ɪɟ-ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɞɚɫɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɡ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɚɦ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɩɭɬɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨ-ɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ.
ɋɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɫ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɚɦɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɧɚɭɤɨɟɦɤɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɨ-ɫɬɭɩɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ.
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ:
1. Ⱥɫɬɚɲɟɜɚ ɇ.ɉ. ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]:
ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ.
«ɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ȼɍ-Ɂɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɧ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɢ ɋɇȽ» 2013. ɋ. 64-68.
2. Ⱥɜɟɪɢɧ ȼ.ɋ. ɉɨɞɨɥɹɤ Ⱥ.Ƚ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɦɟɪɵ-ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɵ ɧɚ ɑȺɗɋ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞɵ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɣ 40-ɥɟɬɢɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ƚɇɍ ȼɇɂɂɋɏɊȺɗ ɊȺɋɏɇ «ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɚɝɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ» – ɈɈɈ.
Ɋɚɪɢɬɟɬ, Ɉɛɧɢɧɫɤ. 2012.-ɋ.107-121.
3. Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɥɚɞ «25 ɥɟɬ ɑɟɪɧɨɛɵɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. ɂɬɨɝɢ ɢ ɩɟɪ-ɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ 1986—2011»: ɉɨɞ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɋ.Ʉ.
ɒɨɣɝɭ, Ʌ.Ⱥ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɜɚ // Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ. - 2011. -158 ɫ.
ɊȿɁȿɊȼɕ ɄɈɊɉɈɊȺɌɂȼɇɕɏ ɎɂɇȺɇɋɈȼ ɂɇɇɈȼȺɐɂɈɇɇɈȽɈ ɊȺɁȼɂɌɂə ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ
Ⱥɬɚɪɨɜ ɇ.Ɂ.
Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ. Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴ-ɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ; ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢ-ɹɬɧɵɟ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ ɜ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɯ-ɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ. Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ-ɥɟɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɨɛ-ɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ:ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ, ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢ-ɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ, ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ, ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɪɟɡɟɪɜɵ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ.
CORPORATE FINANCE RESERVES OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Atarov N.Z.
University of Technology, Korolev, Russia The article argues for the innovative development of the Russian Federation that is an ob-jective necessity in the international integration system. The paper describes adverse tendencies
in developing of foreign trade integration ties in Russia, related to the difficulties of industrial development reforming and implementing of technological innovations. The key problem of novative development of Russia relates to increase of financial resources adequacy level via in-novations in the field of reducing resource efficiency of corporate production.
Keywords: innovations, innovative development of production, technological innova-tions, innovative competitiveness of production, corporate production, resource efficiency of products, reserves for increasing Russian investment capacity.
ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ – ɨɛɴɟɤ-ɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ. Ɉɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɵɦ, ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɦ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ, ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚɦɢ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɧɟɨɬɴ-ɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚ-ɝɚɟɬ ɦɨɳɧɵɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦ. ɇɚ ɟɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɩɚɫɵ ɚɩɚɬɢɬɨɜ (64,5% ɨɛɳɟɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ), ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ (35,4%), ɠɟɥɟɡɧɵɯ ɪɭɞ (32%), ɧɢɤɟɥɹ (31%), ɛɭɪɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɣ (29%), ɨɥɨɜɚ (27%), ɰɢɧ-ɤɚ (16%), ɭɪɚɧɚ (14%), ɧɟɮɬɢ (13%), ɫɜɢɧɰɚ (12%), ɦɟɞɢ (11%), ɨɞɧɢ ɢɡ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɜ ɦɢ-ɪɟ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɡɨɥɨɬɚ, ɚɥɦɚɡɨɜ, ɩɥɚɬɢɧɵ ɢ ɞɪ. [5].
ɉɨ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɲɟɫɬɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɦɢɪɚ ɩɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ȼȼɉ ɩɨ ɉɉɋ. ɇɚ ɟɟ ɞɨɥɸ ɜ 2012 ɝ. ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ 3,5% ɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ȼȼɉ ɢ 2,2 % ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ [4].
Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɭ ɫɬɪɚɧ – ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɟɪɨɜ. ɇɚ ɟɟ ɞɨɥɸ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ 2,9 % ɦɢɪɨ-ɜɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚ. Ɉɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɦ ɥɢɞɟɪɨɦ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɭ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɩɪɢ-ɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ, ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ, ɭɝɥɹ, ɱɟɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɤɪɭɝɥɨɝɨ ɥɟɫɚ, ɩɢɥɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɥɟɫɨɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ, ɡɟɪɧɚ, ɩɲɟɧɢɰɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲ-ɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ[9,11].
ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɚ. ȿɟ ɞɨɥɹ ɜ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɦ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɚɫɶ ɫ 0,5% ɜ 2000 ɝ. ɞɨ 1,6% ɜ 2013 ɝ. ɉɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɸ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɧɚɞɰɚɬɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ-ɢɦɩɨɪɬɟɪɨɜ [8,9].
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣ-ɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɟɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ. Ⱦɨɥɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɭɜɟ-ɥɢɱɢɥɚɫɶ ɫ 53,8% ɜ 2000 ɝ. ɞɨ 71,1% ɜ 2013 ɝ., ɚ ɞɨɥɹ ɦɚɲɢɧ, ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ-ɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɥɚɫɶ ɫ 8,8% ɞɨ 5,5%, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ɉɪɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɦ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɥɢ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɚ, ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨ-ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɫ 21,8% ɜ 2000 ɝ. ɞɨ 13,7 ɜ 2013 ɝ., ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ 18% ɞɨ 15,9%, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ , ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɨɬ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨɤɚ ɨɫɬɚ-ɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɨɬ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɥɨɠɢ-ɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ. ɍɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɦɚɲɢɧ, ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫ-ɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɚ ɡɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ 1,5 ɪɚɡɚ, ɫ 31,4% ɜ 2000ɝ. ɞɨ 48,5% ɜ 2013 ɝ. [7, 9].
Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɠɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦɢ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹɦɢ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɫɞɜɢɝɨɜ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ (ɬɚɛɥ. 1).
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ