Макет сборника апрель

Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение

высшего образования

Московской области

ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

Сборник трудов по материалам

III

Ежегодной международной

научно-практической конференции

«

_{Перспективы, организационные формы и}

эффективность развития сотрудничества

российских и зарубежных ВУЗов»

III International scientific conference

Future trends, organizational forms

and effectiveness of cooperation development

between Russian and foreign universities

Supported by the Embassy of Turkmenistan in Russian Federation 6-7 April 2015

Наукоград Королев Московской Области

УДК 378.02(082) ББК Ч484(2)73я431 + Ч481.25я431 И66 И66

«

Перспективы, организационные формы и

эффективность развития сотрудничества

российских и зарубежных ВУЗов»

[

Текст] /сборник – Королев МО : Изд-во «Алькор Паблишерс»,

Технологический университет, 2015. – 396 с.

При поддержке Посольства Туркменистана в Российской Федерации

ISBN 978-5-906099-95-2

©

Коллектив авторов, 2015

©

Технологический университет, 2015

©

Изд-во «Алькор Паблишерс», 2015

ɗɄɈɇɈɆɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɂɇɌȿȽɊȺɐɂə ɋɌɊȺɇɕ ȼ ɍɋɅɈȼɂəɏ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɇɈɃ ɆɈȾȿɊɇɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɗɄɈɇɈɆɂɄɂ Ⱥɛɞɪɚɯɦɚɧɨɜɚ Ɋ.ɋ. Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ, ɝ. Ⱥɫɬɚɧɚ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚ-ɰɢɢ. ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɧɠɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɜ ɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ, ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɭɩɪɨɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɞɪ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ, ɝɞɟ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ. Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ȿɞɢɧɨɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ.

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION OF COUNTRIES UNDER CONDITIONS OF STRUCTURAL MODERNIZATION OF THE ECONOMY

Abdrakhmanova R.S. Finance Academy, Astana, Kazakhstan The article reveals the essence and understanding of the evolution of economic integra-tion. Economic integration is primarily a strategic platform for the modernization of the econo-my, the momentum for the ranking of priorities in its development, a factor strengthening the competitive position of, a means of resolving problems of strengthening its relations, creating the conditions for free movement of factors of production, and others. The factors of economic mod-ernization of Kazakhstan where one of these factors is the economic integration.

Keywords: economic integration, structural modernization, the Common Economic Space. Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɧɨɛɨɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɧɟ ɨɱɟɪɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɚɜɬɨ-ɧɨɦɧɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɡɹɬɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ. Ʉɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥ Ⱥ. ɇɚɪɛɚɥɶ, ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɧ-ɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ - ɷɬɨ ɢɧɢɧ-ɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜ, ɚ ɧɟ ɢɧɢɧ-ɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɵɧɤɨɜ [1]. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚ-ɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ, ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɪɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɦɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɩɨ-ɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɫɬɪɚɧ. ɇɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɷɬɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞ-ɫɬɜɟ, ɜ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɟɞɢɧɨɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨɦ, ɚ ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɫɨ-ɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ. ɉɨɬɨɦɭ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ ɋɩɢɰɵɧ Ⱥ.Ɍ., ɱɬɨ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɦ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɥɨ-ɛɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɤ ɚɧɚ-ɥɢɡɭ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤ, ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɩɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɦɨɦ [9]. ɉɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɬɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɫɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɛɳɟ-ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ. Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɤɪɢɡɢɫ, ɩɨɪɚɡɢɜɲɢɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɨɲɟɞ-ɲɟɣ ɜɫɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ, ɧɵɧɟ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɝɨ ɫɥɭɠɢɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɦ ɜ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ

ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢɧɬɟ-ɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɧɟ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɟɧɚ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟ-ɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɫɭɬɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ: ɪɟɝɢ-ɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɮɢɪɦ, ɪɨɥɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ. Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ, ɧɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɞɨɭɱɟɬ ɦɧɨɝɨɝɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɟɥɨɦɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɢɡɦɭ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɡɹɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɧɵɯ, ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ, ɜɧɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɛɟɡ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɭɠɟ ɞɚɥɢ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɦɭ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɭ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɭɪɨɤɢ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɷɬɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɮɚɤɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɧɟ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɚɥɚ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ, ɢ ɤɪɢɡɢɫ ɨɯɜɚɬɢɥ ɜɫɸ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɣɧɭɸ ɫɢ-ɫɬɟɦɭ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɛɥɨɤɚ. Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɞɢɤɬɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɬɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɭɡɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟ-ɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɢɧ-ɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ, ɤɚɤ ɦɟɠɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɧɚɞɨ ɜɵɞɟ-ɥɢɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɡɹɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɧɚɞɨ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨ-ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɫ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɨɛ-ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜ ɥɢɰɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢ-ɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ, ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɬ.ɞ., ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɨɣ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ, ɜɵɯɨɞɹ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ-ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɜ ɫɬɚɧɨ-ɜɢɬɫɹ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɬɹɝɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɫɪɟɞ-ɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɫ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦɢ-ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɟɠɫɬɪɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟ-ɧɢɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ, ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɢ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɨɜ ɢɡ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ, ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ-ɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɨɜ. ɇɟ ɭɦɚɥɹɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞ-ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɯɨɬɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɠɞɟ-ɫɬɜɟɧɧɚ ɟɣ, ɧɟ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɭɦɚɥɹɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪ-ɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɸ-ɳɢɯ, ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ, ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ. Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ, ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɩɨɞ ɭɝɥɨɦ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɨɜ. ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɬɪɢɟɞɢɧɨɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɬɭ-ɩɟɧɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɭɸ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢ-ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ; ɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɞɧɚɰɢ-ɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɟɫɬɶ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɡɹɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɜɨɩɥɨɳɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɧɠɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɜ ɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ, ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɭɩɪɨɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ, ɫɨ-ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɞɪ.

ȼɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ: − ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɤɚɤ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɞɜɭɯɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɚɡ-ɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɦɢɪɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɚɤ-ɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɦɢɪɨɜɭɸ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɭ ɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ, «ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ». ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɩɨɥɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɨɩɪɟ-ɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ; - ɩɟɪɟɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɢ ɥɨɤɨ-ɦɨɬɢɜ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɚɦɢ ɦɢɪɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɡɹɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɧɚɲɢ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɨɩɥɨɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɞɟɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ «ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ-ɫɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ, ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɹ ɨɞɢɧ ɫɟɤɬɨɪ ɡɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ. ɉɨ ɫɭɬɢ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤ «ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɦɭ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɸ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɭɞɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞ-ɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ» [11]. ɇɚɞɨ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɨɪɢɸ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɟ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɧ-ɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɜɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɫ Ɋɨɫɫɢɟɣ, Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶɸ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ȿɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɝɟɧɰɢɢ ɫ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ ɦɢɪɚ. ɋɬɚɜɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɡɚ-ɞɚɱɭ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɹɬɢɞɟɫɹɬɤɭ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɢ ɜ ɬɪɢɞɰɚɬɤɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɩɟ-ɪɟɜɨɩɥɨɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢ-ɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɚɡɢɫɚ ɩɨɫɬɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɡɢɠɞɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢ-ɹɯ: − ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟ-ɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ; − ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ; − ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɹɞɪɨɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɦɩɢ-ɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ, ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɮɚɤ-ɬɨɪɚɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 1. Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɠɟ, ɜɫɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵ, ɩɨɬɨ-ɦɭ ɦɚɧɟɜɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɦɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢ-ɰɢɹɯ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟ-ɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɮɨɪɦ. Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ, ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɜ ɧɟɦ – ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ - ɟɫɬɶ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢ-ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ-ɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɢɯ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɷɬɨ ɦɨ-ɠɟɬ ɞɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɟ ɭɫɨɦɧɢɬɶɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɨ-ɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɨɩɵɬ ɩɪɢɛɚɥɬɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɢ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ȿɋ. ȼ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɤɚɤ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɧ-ɞɟɧɰɢɢ, ɫɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧ-ɫɬɜɚ.

Ʉ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɹɦɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ: 1) ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɢɜɲɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɧɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɭɤɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ; 2) ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɩɪɢ ɪɨɫɬɟ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ   Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɊɄ [3] ɗɬɢɦɢ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹɦɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɹ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ, ɜɵɯɨɞ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɩɪɟ-ɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɫɬɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ. ɇɚɞɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɦɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɇ. ɇɭɪɥɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɪɚɡ-ɜɢɬɢɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟɤɭɳɚɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɦɚɥɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚ-ɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɣ «ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɨɣ» ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɵ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɜ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣ ɦɨ-ɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɟɸ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɢ-ɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɵɪɶɟ-ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢ-ɤɨɦ ɩɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ ɢ ɡɨɥɨɬɨɜɚɥɸɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ. ɉɪɨɩɨɪ-ɋɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɑɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨ-ɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɉɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ

ɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɜɟɪɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɰɟɥɟ-ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ [8]. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥɨ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ «ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɨ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɭ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɫ ɜɵ-ɫɨɤɨɣ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ, ɥɢɛɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɢ ɨɛɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɧɟɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ» [2]. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɜɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɜ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɸɡ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨ-ɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ Ɍɋ. Ɉɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɢɫɚɥ Ⱥ. Ʉɨɲɚɧɨɜ, ɚɤɰɟɧɬɢɪɭɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ, ɬ.ɟ. ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢ-ɹɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ, ɧɟ ɨɛɨɣɬɢɫɶ ɛɟɡ ɧɢɯ [7]. ɗɬɢ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨ-ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ-ɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ-ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɰ ɋɨɸɡɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ȿɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɧɚ: − ɪɨɫɬɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɢɪɦ, ɩɨɞ-ɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɥɨɝɨ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ; − ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɜ ȼȼɉ; − ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ (ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɟ) ɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞ-ɫɬɜɚ; − ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ, ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɞɥɹ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɞɨɥɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ ɢ ɧɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɢ ɪɵɧɨɱ-ɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɵ-ɪɶɟɜɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɜɟɪɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨ ɢɡɪɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ «ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤ-ɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɬɟɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɪɨɫɬ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ [6]. Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ, ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɭ ɫ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɜ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɚɧɭ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɫ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨ-ɦɢɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɩɭɬɶ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚ. ɗɬɚ ɞɜɭɟɞɢɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟ-ɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɢ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɫɨɤɪɚɳɟ-ɧɢɹ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ. Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɹɹ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ Ⱥ. ȿɫɟɧɬɭɝɟɥɨɜ, ɩɢɲɟɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɨɛɥɢɤ ɧɚɰɢ-ɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ, ɧɚɭɤɨɟɦɤɢɟ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨ-ɡɞɚɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɠɟ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ, ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦ. Ʉɨɧɴɸɧɤɬɭɪɚ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɚ, ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ ɤ ɤɚɩɪɢɡɚɦ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. Ʉ ɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ, ɷɬɨɬ ɫɟɤɬɨɪ ɧɟɜɨɫɩɪɢɢɦɱɢɜ ɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɭ ɤɚɤ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɭ ɪɨɫɬɚ» [4] Ⱦɭɦɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ «ɫɜɟɪɯɭ» ɢ «ɫɧɢɡɭ» [10] ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɨ-ɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ «ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨ-ɧɵ, ɢɡ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ, ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ, - ɢɡ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɟɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚ-ɝɚɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪɧɵɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɢ ɬɪɟɬɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ – ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɪɝɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ. ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬ-ɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ-ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɜ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ 170 ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɫɞɜɢɝɢ, ɛɚɡɢ-ɪɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɯ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚɭɤɨɟɦɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ

ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤ-ɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɤɥɚɞɚ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɟɥɨɜ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɞɚɬɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ. ɋɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɤ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɸ, ɤɚɤ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɂɫɢɧɝɚɪɢɧ ɇ., ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ. ɉɨ ɟɝɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ, «ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɭ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɷɮ-ɮɟɤɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜ-ɥɟɣ» [5]. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨ-ɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨ-ɧɨɜ, ɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ – ɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɭɛ-ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɨ-ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤ-ɬɭɪɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɢ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɦɚɤɪɨ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɦɟɡɨ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ ɫɞɜɢɝɚɦɢ ɪɢɫɭɟɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɭɸ ɩɚɥɢɬɪɭ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɵ − ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ, ɜɫɟɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ; − ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ; − ɜ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɮɨɪɦ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ (ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɫɬɢ, ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ). Ʉɚɤ ɛɵ ɧɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɢɡ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɨɡɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟ-ɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɬɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɵ, ɧɚɞɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɮɨɪ-ɦɭɥɚ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɬɟɫɧɨɬɵ ɭɜɹɡɤɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. ɂ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɱɟɦ ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟ ɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ, ɬɟɦ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɟɟ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ, ɜɵɲɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ, ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɢɬɨɝɟ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɠɢɡɧɢ. ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɧɚ-ɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ (ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɣ ɫɩɪɨɫ) ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɨɦ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɡɦɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ. ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ:

1. Narcbal A. L’integration territorial.- Paris, 1965.- P. 234.

2. Ȼɚɪɫɭɤɨɜɚ ɋ. ɘ. ɇɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɜ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɟ ɬɪɚɧ-ɡɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɟɤ // ɋɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. – Ɇ., 2000. - ʋ 4. - ɋ. 39-49. 3. Ȼɨɩɢɟɜɚ ɀ. Ʉ. Ɇɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ: ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ: ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮ. ɞɢɫ… ɞ.ɷ.ɧ. 08.00.05-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ / ɀ. Ʉ. Ȼɨɩɢɟɜɚ. - Ʉɚɪɚɝɚɧɞɚ, 2006. - 44 ɫ. 4. ȿɫɟɧɬɭɝɟɥɨɜ Ⱥ. ȿ. Ɍɟɦɩɵ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɜ Ʉɚ-ɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɟ // ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ: ɂɗɆɈɇ ɊɄ, 2003. 5. ɂɫɢɧɝɚɪɢɧ ɇ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɋɇȽ. – Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ: Ⱥɬɚɦɭɪɚ, 1998.- ɋ. 4,5,12-14,173, 202-205. 6. Ʉɟɧɠɟɝɭɡɢɧ Ɇ. Ȼ. Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢ-ɬɢɹ: ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ // ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ɍ. 1. - Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, ɂɗ ɆɈɂ ɊɄ, 2003. 7. Ʉɨɲɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ. ɂɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ. - Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ: Ʉɚɡɵɝɭɪɬ ɛɚɫɩɚɫɵ, 2012. – 384 ɫ. 8. ɇɭɪɥɚɧɨɜɚ ɇ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ: ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢ ɩɭ-ɬɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ: ɞɨɤɥɚɞ ɧɚ G-Global http://www.group-global.org/ru/lecture/view/1697

9. ɋɩɢɰɵɧ Ⱥ. Ɍ. ɂɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɋɇȽ ɤɚɤ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢ-ɜɚ ɢɧɧɨɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢ-ɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ. - Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ «ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ», 2009.- ɋ. 295. 10. ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɜɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɟɧɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɦɢɪɚ. - Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, 2011.- 399 ɫ. 11. ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ. – Ɇ.: ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ, 2003.- 399 ɫ. ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂȿ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɏ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɃ ȼ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋȿ ɉɈȾȽɈɌɈȼɄɂ ɋɌɍȾȿɇɌɈȼ-ɘɊɂɋɌɈȼ Ⱥɜɞɟɣ Ⱥ.Ƚ., ɏɪɢɫɬɸɤ Ⱥ.ȼ. Ƚɪɨɞɧɟɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ əɧɤɢ Ʉɭɩɚɥɵ, ɝ. Ƚɪɨɞɧɨ, Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɢɧɮɨɪ-ɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢ-ɤɭ. Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚ-ɧɵ, ɫɥɟɞɭɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹɦ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɩɨ-ɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɡɦɨɦ. Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɭ-ɱɟɧɢɟ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ.

THE APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES TO TRAINING LAW STUDENTS

Avdei A.G., Khristyuk A.V. Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus In this article the authors analyze the use of information technology in the process of le-gal education is actively developing trend today informatization of education are particularly im-portant in the process of legal education. At the same time, information in the field of legal edu-cation has a significant specificity. One of the features is that the legal system of our country, following the trends of rule of law and civil society, in the last period is characterized by consid-erable dynamism.

Keywords: information technology, education, legal education, informatization. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɭɬɢ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶ-ɫɬɜɨ, ɩɨ ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɧɟɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɨɜ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚ-ɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɫɚɦɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɥɢɰɟ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ (ɚ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ-ɧɨ, ɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ) ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɢɞɭɳɚɹ ɩɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɤɨ-ɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ, ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ-ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ

ɩɨɥɢ-ɬɢɤɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɨɜɟɣɲɢɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɛɟɡ-ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɨ-ɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɵɧɟɲɧɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚ-ɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ «ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ» ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɫɢɧɨ-ɧɢɦɨɦ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ «ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ», ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜɫɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɚɤ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɚɱɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ «ɢɧ-ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ» ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɲɢɪɟ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ «ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨ-ɝɢɢ» ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ (ɢɧɫɬɪɭ-ɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ), ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ: 1-ɣ ɷɬɚɩ (ɞɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ XIX ɜ.) – «ɪɭɱɧɚɹ» ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, 2-ɣ ɷɬɚɩ (ɫ ɤɨɧɰɚ XIX ɜ.) – «ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟ-ɫɤɚɹ» ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, 3-ɣ ɷɬɚɩ (40— 60-ɟ ɝɝ. XX ɜ.) – «ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟ«ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟ-ɫɤɚɹ» ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, 4-ɣ ɷɬɚɩ (ɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ 70-ɯ ɝɝ.) – «ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ» ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, 5-ɣ ɷɬɚɩ (ɫ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɵ 80-ɯ ɝɝ.) - «ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ-ɧɚɹ» («ɧɨɜɚɹ») ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, 6-ɣ ɷɬɚɩ – «ɫɟɬɟɜɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ» (ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɟɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ). Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ «ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ», ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɜɜɟɥ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɤ ȼ.Ɇ. Ƚɥɭɲɤɨɜ [1, ɫ. 153]. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢ-ɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɛɨɪɚ, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɨɛ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ. ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ȿ.ȼ. ɇɚɞɵɝɢɧɨɣ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ - ɷɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɞɨ-ɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶ-ɫɬɜɚ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ [3, ɫ. 138]. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɡɢɫɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚ-ɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɧɚɲɢ ɞɧɢ – ɭɠɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɚ ɧɟ ɨɩɰɢɹ. ɉɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɬɨɦɭ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɣ, ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɵɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɢ ɤ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɯɧɨ-ɥɨɝɢɹɦ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ. ɇɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ. Ɍɚɤ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɶ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɟɦɭ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɷɬɚ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɚ, ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɚ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɡɚɜɬɪɚɲɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ 15-20 ɥɟɬ ɧɚɡɚɞ ɫɨɜɪɟ-ɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ. ȼ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟ Ƚ.Ɇ. Ʉɨɞɠɚɫɩɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ «ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɟ» ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ; ɤɨɦ-ɩɥɟɤɫ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɥɢɱɧɨ-ɫɬɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣ-ɫɬɜɢɟ [2, ɫ. 38]. ɉɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɭɱɚɟɬ, ɜɨɫɩɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ, ɧɨ ɫ ɜɧɟɞɪɟ-ɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɨɧ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɦɨɳɧɵɣ ɫɬɢɦɭɥ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ-ɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ, ɬɪɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ: - ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɫɟɬɶ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɩɪɢ-ɱɟɦ, ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɜ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ;

- ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ-ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ; - ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɛɚɡ ɢ ɛɚɧɤɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɫ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ. Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹ-ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɭ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵ-ɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɧɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɢɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɨɛɦɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɨɩɟ-ɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɦ ɬɪɭɞɚɦ ɤɚɤ ɛɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɭɱɺɧɵɯ, ɢ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɚɜɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɸɪɢɫɬɵ ɜɫɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɢɡ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ: ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɛɚɡ ɢ ɛɚɧɤɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɝɨ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɦɟɠɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɟɬɢ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ ɫɨ-ɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɨɧɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨ-ɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ-ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ ɜ ɜɭɡɟ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮ-ɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ¾ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɭ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ-ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶ-ɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɜɭɡɟ ɢ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ; ¾ ɩɨɷɬɚɩɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ ɜ ɜɭɡɟ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ; ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨ-ɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ; ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ; ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɫɬɢ; ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ [4, ɫ. 79]. ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɸɪɢ-ɫɬɨɜ, ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɞɢɧɵɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɟ ɭɫɬɚɪɟ-ɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚ, ɜɥɟɱɺɬ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨ-ɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɟɣɲɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɧ-ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪ-ɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ-ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɥɟɬ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɇɟɩɪɟɪɵɜ-ɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɇɟɩɪɟɪɵɜ-ɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ ɜ ɜɭɡɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ: ¾ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵ-ɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɟɝɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ; ¾ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨ-ɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ; ¾ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɭɸ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ ɤ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ; ¾ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨ-ɥɨɝɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚ-ɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɭɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ. Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɨ-ɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɷɬɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɣ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɦ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɨɜ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ-ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ

ɢɦɟɸɬ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ-ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɣ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ. ɇɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɚɣɬɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧ-ɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɦɵ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧ-ɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɪɬɚɥɚɯ ɢ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚɯ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɜɵɫ-ɲɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ-ɮɨɪɭɦɵ ɢ ɛɥɨɝɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ȼɥɚɞɟɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦɢ, ɜɧɟɞɪɹɹ ɢɯ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞ-ɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ-ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɢɬ ɠɢɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɧɨɜɨɦ ɢɧ-ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ, ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɞɝɨ-ɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɭɹ ɢ ɫɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛ-ɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ: 1. Ƚɥɭɲɤɨɜ ȼ.Ɇ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɛɟɡɛɭɦɚɠɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɢ . Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1982. 552 ɫ. 2. Ʉɨɞɠɚɫɩɢɪɨɜɚ Ƚ.Ɇ., Ʉɨɞɠɚɫɩɢɪɨɜ Ⱥ.ɘ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ: ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞ. ɜɵɫɲ ɢ ɫɪɟɞ.ɩɟɞ. ɭɱɟɛ. ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ. Ɇ.: Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ, 2000. 176 ɫ. 3. ɇɟɝɨɞɚɟɜ ɂ.Ⱥ. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ: ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ. Ɋɨɫɬɨɜ-ɧɚ-Ⱦɨɧɭ: ɁȺɈ «Ʉɧɢɝɚ», 2003. 320 ɫ. 4. ɑɢɫɥɨɜɚ Ⱥ.ɋ. Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɚɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ – ɱɚɫɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ // ɋɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ: ɘɠɧɵɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɤɪɭɝ, ɧɚɭɱ. ɦɟɬɨɞ. ɤɨɧɮ. / ɬɟɡ. ɞɨɤ. 2004. ɂɡ-ɜɨ Ɋɨɫɬɨɜ. Ƚɍ, 2004. 251 ɫ. ɋɌɊȺɌȿȽɂə ɂɆɉɈɊɌɈɁȺɆȿɓȿɇɂə ȼ ɗɄɈɇɈɆɂɄȿ ɊɈɋɋɂɂ ɄȺɄ ɉɊɂɈɊɂɌȿɌɇɈȿ ɇȺɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂȿ ɊȺɁȼɂɌɂə Ⱥɜɟɪɤɢɧ Ɇ.Ƚ., Ʉɪɸɤɨɜɚ Ɍ.Ɇ. Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɇɢɠɟɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɣ ɮɢɥɢɚɥ ɇɢɠɧɢɣ ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɪɨɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɟɞ-ɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɢ-ɫɬɟɦɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟ-ɧɢɹ, ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜ-ɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɚɡ-ɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɢɦɩɨɪɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ; ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ; ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜ-ɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ; ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ; ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ; ɩɪɨɦɵɲ-ɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.

THE STRATEGY OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION IN THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY AS A PRIORITY DEVELOPMENT

Averkin M. G., Kryukova T. M. Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Nizhny Novgorod branch Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

In this article the questions of existence urgent need of implementation and practical ap-plication of techniques and methods of effective influence on the management system of the en-terprise through the introduction and implementation of the system of import substitution, identi-fied the need for a more efficient system, aimed at comprehensive improvement of the perfor-mance of the enterprise, as well as the necessity of developing evidence-based national pro-gramme for the development of the system of import substitution.

Keyword: import replacement; the level of economic development; effectiveness of ac-tivities; national development programme; effective strategy; manufacturing enterprise.

ɇɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɨɫɬɪɚɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ-ɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɫɢ-ɫɬɟɦɚ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɬɭ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɟɟ ɪɨɫɬ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢ-ɜɨɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɜɟɥɢ-ɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɭɜɟɥɢ-ɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨ-ɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɤ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɭ. ɇɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɞɚ-ɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɭɬɫɹ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɧɚ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɨɡɚɦɟ-ɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɯ ɬɨɜɚɪ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɪɵɧɨɤ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨ-ɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɦ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦɢ ɜ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɢɡ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɵɲɟɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ, ɫɨ-ɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ, ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɞɟɥɚɹ ɫɚɦɭ ɫɬɪɚɧɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ. ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹ-ɸɬɫɹ: − ɪɨɫɬ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɛɟɡɪɚɛɨɬɢɰɵ ɢ ɩɨ-ɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ; − ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɨɛ-ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ; − ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ; − ɪɨɫɬ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ - ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɟɣ; − ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɨɣ ɜɵɪɭɱɤɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɪɨɫɬ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤ-ɠɟ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ. Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɜɚɥɶɜɚ-ɰɢɢ ɪɭɛɥɹ, ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɟɞɲɟɣ ɜ 1998 ɝɨɞɭ. ȼ 1998 ɝɨɞɭ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɸ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɥɫɹ ɧɚ 20 % (ɞɨ $74 ɦɥɪɞ.), ɜ 1999 ɝɨɞɭ — ɟɳɺ ɧɚ 28 % (ɞɨ $53 ɦɥɪɞ.). ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɨɫɲɢɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɚ ɫɩɪɨɫ ɧɚ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ ɛɵɥ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɺɧ ɧɚ ɷɤɫɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɧɟɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ȼɵɡɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɞɟɜɚɥɶɜɚɰɢɟɣ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ. Ɉɫɨ-ɛɟɧɧɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɬɜɨɪɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸ-ɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ 1999-2000 ɝɨɞɚɯ. ɉɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɫɬɨɜ, ɪɨɫɬ ȼȼɉ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲ-ɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɟɞɲɢɣ ɜ 1999 ɝɨɞɭ, ɧɚ 25 % ɛɵɥ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɥɨɫɶ, ɧɨ ɭɠɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɦ. Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɥɱɨɤ ɟɦɭ ɞɚɥ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɢɡɢɫ 2008-2009 ɝɨɞɨɜ,

ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɜ-ɲɢɣɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɪɭɛɥɹ. ɂɦɩɨɪɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɫɧɭɥɨɫɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɹɫɚ, ɩɨɞɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ, ɫɚɯɚɪɚ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ (ɢɦɩɨɪɬ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɫɛɨɪɤɨɣ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɢ-ɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ). Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɭɤɪɚɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨ-ɞɭɤɰɢɢ. Ɋɨɫɬ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ, ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɯ ɜɚɝɨɧɨɜ, ɤɨɦ-ɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɪɚɤɟɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɺɥ ɤ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɯ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɚ ɢɡ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ. ȼ 2009 ɝɨɞɭ ȼ.ȼ. ɉɭɬɢɧ ɡɚɹɜɢɥ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɭ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɬɚɤɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɟ ɫɵɪɶɺ, ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧ-ɧɢɣ ɪɵɧɨɤ, ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɩɵɬ. ȼ.ȼ.ɉɭɬɢɧ ɩɪɢɜɺɥ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɥɟɫɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɥɺɝɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɤɭ, ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟ-ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ. ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ȼ.ȼ. ɉɭɬɢɧɚ, ɢɦɩɨɪɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɰɟɥɶɸ, ɢ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɚ, ɩɨ-ɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɞɟɲɺɜɵɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɡɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟɣ. ɇɨ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɭɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ. ɉɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɧɟɬ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɵ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɜɟɳɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ, ɥɟɠɚɬ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ-ɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. ɐɟɥɶ — ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɰɢɹ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨ-ɫɬɢ, ɚ, ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ-ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ, ɜɵ-ɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɵ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɭɠɟ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɢ, ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɨɜ, ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ. ɋ ɤɨɧ-ɰɚ 2013 ɝɨɞɚ, ɜ 2014 ɝɨɞɭ ɢ ɞɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɪɭɛɥɹ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɬɟɦɩɚɦ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɪɵɧɨɤ. ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ 2014 ɝɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɺɥ ɤɪɢɡɢɫ ɜ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɫ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɦɢ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ. Ɋɹɞ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɨɛɴɹɜɢɥɢ ɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɠɺɫɬɤɢɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɣ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ. ɗɬɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ. ȼ ɦɚɪɬɟ 2014 ɝɨɞɚ Ⱦɦɢɬɪɢɣ Ɇɟɞɜɟɞɟɜ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɥ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. ɉɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ Ɇɟɞɜɟɞɟɜɚ, ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɬɨ-ɜɚɪɨɜ. Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ «ɚɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ» ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ ȼɌɈ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɚɦɢ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɣɫɤɨɦɭ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɸɡɭ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ, ɝɞɟ ɷɬɨ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ, ɝɞɟ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨ-ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦɢ [2]. ɉɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɜɫɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɵ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ-ɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɞɨɥɹ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɡɚɤɭɩɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɨɦ, ɩɨɫɬɨ-ɹɧɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɸ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɥɢ ɡɚɤɭɩɨɤ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɭɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɚɦ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɢ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟɨɛ-ɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨ-ɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɭɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɧɚ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɦɟɧɭ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ-ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ