第 9 章 関係詞 119
12.2 話法の転換
第 12 章 時制の一致と話法
12.1 時制の一致
主節の動詞が過去時制の場合，従位節の動詞は過去形または過去完了形になる．こ のことを時制の一致という．
I know that he ishappy.
彼が幸せであることを私は知っている．
−→ I knew that hewas happy.
彼が幸せであることを私は知った．
I think that hehas been / was sick.
彼が(ずっと)病気だったと私は思う．
−→ I thought that he had been sick.
彼が(ずっと)病気だったと私は思った．
[注意]時制の一致の例外：真理・格言，習慣・習性，歴史上の事実，仮定法の場合 Father said that time is(×was) money. (格言)
時は金なりと父は言った．
We learned that Napoleon was born in 1769. (歴史上の事実) ナポレオンは1769年に生まれたと私たちは習った．
164 第12章 時制の一致と話法
−→ She said (that) dinner was ready.
「夕食の準備ができている．」と彼女は言った．
She said to me “I willcarry the bag.”
−→ She told me (that) she would carry the bag.
「そのかばんを運びます．」と彼女は私に言った．
2.
疑問文の転換(1) 疑問詞のある場合(
She said to me, “What are you doing?”
She asked me what I was doing.
「何をしているのですか．」と彼女は私に言った．
(2) 疑問詞のない場合(
He said to me, “Do you know her name?”
He asked me if / whether I knew her name.
「彼女の名前を知っていますか．」と彼は私に言った．
3.
命令文の転換 (1) 肯定の命令文(Mother said to me, “Get up early.”
Mother toldme to get upearly.
「早く起きなさい．」と母は私に言った．
( I said to him, “Please helpme.”
I asked him to help me.
「手伝ってくださいと．」私は彼に言った．
4.
否定の命令文 (The teacher said to us, “Don’t beafraid.”
The teacher told usnot to be afraid.
「こわがるな．」と先生は私たちに言った．
［注意］話法の転換では，時・場所の副詞も変える必要がある．
［参考］種類の異なる文の場合：
それぞれの文について伝達動詞を変え，and や but などで結ぶ．
(
She said to me, “I will go home. Please call a taxi.”
She toldme (that) she would go home and asked me to call a taxi.
「家に帰ります．タクシーを呼んでください．」と彼女は私に言った．
EXERCISES 34
1.
次の各文の( )内の動詞を適当な形に直しなさい．(1) John believed his story (be) true.
(2) I knew that he (live) in China since his childhood.
(3) She hoped that it (will snow) on Christmas Day.
(4) He taught his pupils that water (boil) at 100◦C.
(5) We learned that Shakespeare (die) in 1616.
(6) Ann found that she (lose) her hat somewhere.
(7) He treated me as if I (be) a little child.
【答】(1) was (2) had lived (3) would snow (彼女はクリスマスに雪が降れば いいと思った．) (4) boils (彼は生徒たちに水は摂氏100度で沸騰すると教え た．) (5) died (6) had lost (7) were
2.
次の各組の文がほぼ同じ意味になるように( )内に適当な1語を入れな さい．(1)
( The girl said, “I want to study abroad.”
The girl said that ( )( ) to study abroad.
(2) (
They said to me, “We met your sister here.”
They ( ) me that ( )( )( )( ) sister ( ).
(3) (
I said to the clerk, “Which is cheaper?”
I ( ) the clerk ( )( ) cheaper.
(4) (
He said to her, “Are you busy today?”
He ( ) her ( )( )( ) busy ( )( ).
(5) (
He said to his secretary, “Type this letter.”
He ( ) his secretary ( )( )( ) letter.
(6)
( She said to me, “Please take me with you.”
She ( ) me ( )( )( ) with ( ).
【答】(1) she wanted (2) told, they had met my, there (3) asked, which was (4) asked, if she was, that day (5) told, to type that (6) asked, to take her, me (「いっしょに連れていってください」と彼女は私に言った．)
3.
次の各文を(1)〜(3)は間接話法に，(4)〜(5)は直接話法に書きかえなさい．166 第12章 時制の一致と話法
(1) Ken said to me, “I visited Nikko a long time ago.”
(2) She said to me, “What do you want for your birthday present?”
(3) I said to him, “Don’t be late for the meeting.”
(4) He asked me why I was so sad.
(5) The teacher asked us if we had cleaned our room yet.
【答】
(1) Ken told me (that) he had visited Nikko a long time before.
(2) She asked me what I wanted for my birthday present.
(3) I told him not to be late for the meeting.
(4) He said to me, “Why are you so sad?”
(5) The teacher said to us, “Have you cleaned your room yet?”