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出TTATI My henrt hecomcth, through envy n.nd jcalousy, tωo pioce沿hυ川》川1'1

ドキュメント内 3V U?為FクAt?んしし (ページ 165-169)

"llOU hor

fillgers

draw thccυmb

throll日h

11c1'

fl(パ,rIlIg

hair.

Fora

millst1'cl,

ill thc

!'iprillg・tilllC,

1 h:lYu 110

lIuccssity

;

The 8wcet

lllclo(ly

ofthc

nightillgn1e

is sllflicielltιrmc.

Nightly,

iu llly

dwollillg,

with thi:‑! intout, 1

gathc・l'

a

}lnrty to伊th(、!日

Thn.t

possibly,

ulldo1'this

plca,

tho chnrlllur

lllight

attcnd.

Asan

illduccmellt,

thatho Hhould ri北his lifu tけobtaill

it,

Thc divc1' dcsiroth thnt tho

oystcr‑shell

a

pcarl

1::>11川t1dじりlltaill.

A hundrcdtim08ovc1',

A.¥IlD‑LL‑I?.¥nm

wouhl sa.<.:ritlco it fo1' 11('1',

1f, hy pa1'ting

withhil::>

hca<1,

1Ic

might

hi:‑!1川明10凶υhtain.

Acelebrated Per:,;ian

painter,

who, ahoutthe llliuule ofthe thirll cen‑

turyofoureru,gaveoutthut 11ewasthe

1>1・υmiseu }>arIH.:lete

ofourLord;

nnd 800n established a numerous sect known us MallichauIls. He sed into

Tartllry through

fear of t11e Periiiun

king・f;hapur (Supur),

where he

amused him同lf

by urawing'

anumher of

sing'ular figures

innbookcnlleu

Ertang; and,

onhisreturn,tuld his

ui凶cil'les

thnthe hud o1Jtaineu it from the

angels

in

lIeaven,

where he

pretenued

tu have been

uuring

hi8

retreat.

28{;

嘩Durr・i‑DulTan

sig'nifies, 'l'he

Pt'url of thc

DUl'rani同,"

n IIHmewhiι11

the Abda]is

acquired

from

weuring peur]s

in theirears.

ー‑:‑‑・司 一戸‑‑‑‑

e 、. ・4 ・・

(.?

E

? 【. 1 ..可司

、:・『

11lili‑‑lif‑‑1

'li‑‑ri!JIl‑‑

J?け11H1111けIIlli‑‑‑altt‑'till‑‑huNUL引っ

11111

!;11i; 1・

ー!leilli

t‑‑eJJ

111eli‑‑、i

2R?

Pcrsi:tll

Khurasall・In

17!'J2 hc

COIHl'Wl'C(l Ka?mir,

nud ohtninc(l

fl'Olllthc

Mllgbnl EmpcroJ'

()f

Hilldii吋tiill,

n cc咽iOll of thc ,山恥of thetractof

coulltry

nsf:trcastas

Si,'hiwl,

thns

hying

tho fUUIHla,‑

tionofa

killgdom,

which SOOll hccaIHC fimnidahle to

Rlll'rOIJlHlil1日

llati(山内.

Al.unau

Shah }liul 1l0W Ici品lll'O to turn his Rttclltion to intCl・nal

nffi‑til'S,

all(l to thc附ttlcmcnt

of人組ani?tan

alld thc

llcwly‑ac<fuil'c(l proYinccs.

Ho thus

pns:‑;c<l

the llcxt仏lll' ycars in

tran(}ltillity,

alld

appcarsto hayc hn<l timo to (lcyotc himsdftolitcmtllrc. He used to

hold,

a.t statcd

perio(ls,

what is termcd a

.Mnjlis‑i‑a叶ama,

01'

Asscmhly

()f the

Lcal'llc(l,

the

carly part

of which wns日cllcrnlly devotcd to

diyillity川1

ci viI ln

w‑forλbmd

shah lmistJlfwas

i

?[olRwr帯‑and cOllcllldcd with cOllvcrsatiolls on SciCllCC an<l

poetη.

HcWl'otc a ColIcctiυIIof O<lcs in

Plls'hto,

his own nativo tolU!UC.

ti叩d,

as

usual,

with tho

町t:)ticis削of

the

S目白内側1

from that

鴨川・ktho

following spocimclls

hayc hccn taken. 1'ho、,vork is scarce,

particularly

ill onstCl'1l

A敏allit:)tan.

Ho was Rlso the Ruthor of several pooms in thc Pcrsian

lallguagc・

1n theyear 17Js

Al)ma<l

Shah ha(l

agaill

tobucklo onthe

sword,

alldadvallce into tho

Palljah,

which tho

.Mllghnl沿nlJont

this timo

attemptcd

to rccoycr; hut hc

qniekly rc日ninod

nll that h:ul he<'>1I

lost;

drovc thcm 01lt of thc

Palljab;

alld山lvallccd Htraiu:ht U1)011

Dilhi,

which hc clltcrc(l after hllt a fa削i

O叩ppO伺州8

ha加M胤削削a肝v吋in噌19

h氾削附e∞c∞ome

sickly,

fl'OlU

pa8si

時 the wholo of 山 hotsmSO U

L

1

India,

wanwd

Al)mad

Shah to

retun1,

which ho did 800n nftel'・

having compclled

tho

M噂nl .Empcrol'

to h帥)w the

Palljah

alld Silldh upon his 80n

TimuJ',

who had

all'cady

been man匂d to ft

M唱は1 pril1cc肌Al.ullad

Shah

抑制cd

thenext willtel' at Ka吋;ト

har;

hut was

obliged

to Hct ont 800n

aft刊fo1'

the purposo of

quellillg

disturhance弓ill PCJ'Rin anrlTiirkiRtan.

特A tenll

equival刊lt

toDOet.Ol・。fLitprnt.u1'e01'

Divinity.

u

AlpIAD

SHλH,

AB1はLT.

AllMAD包!AII, ABDλLT.

bctWCCllthc Pcrsin.ns 011thoono

si(lc,

n.nd tho

Afgha118

n.nd lhhaks

on thc

othcr;

lmt thc CVCllt docs not nppear to have dcci(lcu any

thillg.

Bllt nftcr

thi凶nffitil', Al)m:l<l

8h江h H:LW that 110 timc

wasto he lost ill

lookillg

to tho

safety

ofhimsclfawl

clallsmcn,

a1Hl

ho

accordillgly fought

hit:) way

throngh

tho

gl'catcr pnrt

of Khm・a・

san "・ith a 8mn.ll furco of bctwccn 2000awl 3000

hor8clllcn,

alld

rcpaircd, hy rapid marches,

to

l?nlldahiir,

which lmd llOW hecOlllc

tho

hcad‑llllartcrs

of thc .Ahdali

tribc,

awl chicf

city

of t:)υlltlト wcstCn1

Af泣

anistau. Hc引rc 110凶o Il山n川lt削e目I附

pte以吋d

n.n山n Il山m川llmel

1羽w叫、V什:h恥l吋山ichけh吋a吋,d b加oc印111 8附cn川l此t 白台'0側m 1n叫dia fOl叫)川l' t仙ho引11附S別o ofN尚al 副d占仙lir

Shah,

which

Al)mad nppropriatcd, aftCl'・compcllill日thc

Dll1'rallis, who had n.rst siczod upou

it,

to

giyc

it up.

111 Octobcr of the same ycar,

.Alpnnd,

thcn lJllt

twcnty‑thrcc

yca1's

old,

nssumcd tho tit1c of Shah 01'

Killg

of

Afghallistan,

alld

wasc1'owncdat

I?an(吋dahar.町.、"

"¥、w、?.i比th

grcat

pomp, th凶o di汀el'cnt chi旬cfi白8りf

t伽ho刊巾悶Af悼五加nt凶1'i凶i日b児e叫

、M山i比t山h 1いH川川1此t fi引V

侃側c∞G吋句削pμ}沈tio川〉河川118匂,

a吋 t山ho Ka礼l削叫1‑

ba沿a?邑』 倒叫,

Bal吐luchis,

alld

Hnzarahs, assi?ting;

thus

lnying

tho foullda‑

tiOll of the Dunani

mOllm・chy.

And

although

thc "・arlikc allu

illdepclldcllt pcoplc,

whonow bocnme his

slll?jccts,

hnd 110yor bCCll accustomed to a

sovcrcign's yoke,

savo ill

hcing compcllcd

to pay t1'ilJuto toa

forcign rulo1'; yet

Buch wcro his cncrgy and

capacity

for

govcrnment,

that hewas succossful in

gaillillg

tho a百cction of hisOW11

t1'ibe;

and with thc

exccption

of thc

Ghalzis,

cvcr amost

turbulcllt nnd

unruly sept,

he succccdcdiu

instilling

among thc other

Afghan

tribcsa

spirit

of attachmcnttothcir native

mOllarch;

alld

also ill

others,

not

Af注nans,

hut

dwolling

in

Afghallistan.

Withthc

Baluch alld Hazarah

tribe同his lloighhours,

he f0n11Crl Ull offcnsive

alld dcfellsive alliancc.

Having fh叫b1'ought

tho

rcfractory

Ghalzis into

suhjcctioll,

Al;1mad

Shah

bcgan

his

conqucsts;

alld叩ch wnsthe

ullintcrruptcd

tide ofhis SUCCC8S, that

lJy

thc summor of 1751 hc had

cOllqucrcd

thowholeof tho

countries, cxtcnding

as fa1' wcst as

Ni出apur

in

288

r

J d

,,,

., d島司

炉、

..

hpiA川J

且曹司‑aza'・2,

11lil

11い1lー

1li

e‑

l

"

290

AIDfAD SBλ11, ABVλLT.

DUl'ing

thcnoxt ycal', nmttcr8 111¥(1 gOllo 01l

b:ul1y

ill

1ll<lin;

nIHl

Princc Timll1'・was u11ahle to stcm thc ti(le of

)1aharnta

cυllqncst,

which ha(lllOW }'(llll¥(l 1¥111 thc

Palljah.

Tho ?lahal a:‑; hlta川i礼ak(刊川tい川川、可11l

SiJ汁川】r汁.hill以11,

a川llll叶,1 、w、H.じ 吐1'0 nlh、¥',礼川III

illg

fl

T可可imr III山II以叫der thc

lll'cessity

υf rじ

tirillg'

ftcl'OSS the l¥lllus with hi troops. Thc

?[ahaf:ltas, bcin百11りW UlIり1'1川sl¥ll, }l¥lshell

011 :凶far:HI

tho

Hy1lasl】C80l・Jhilnlll,

nml a,lso dctachcll af01・cc totakc po:'5:'5C?‑

sionりf?I lllt江n.

Thcsc cvcnts

happcncd

ill thc snmmcr ()f 17;;8; nllll

Al;ul1fld 笹山was prcparing

to m:u・eh into

Imlia,

"・hCll hc wa吋dctaincd

hy

thc rchcl1ionofthc

Baluchi司;

awl

althol¥gh

thislllattcr W:lS討nhsc‑

qllClltly

凶cttlcd

hy 11cgoeiation,

it WflS llot until thc wintc1'υf17?;!) thflt ho couhl c1'oss thc Illl1ns nlld :ulnmcc tO¥'羽、nln1s

HilH1日討はt五ll,

thc

M:礼:¥1山harτ吋I

of

covc1'ing

th:乱1t

ci江ty.

Aftcr

totally (lefcatillg'

thcl¥lat

lllHl1i, AlpH:Hl

ah

ngain

ω

ptlll'cd

Dilhi. Hc nf仇tc白r、Y川川、羽W:1刊::1川i礼1

th叩o

Do‑ab; bll川1此ts叩ul凶}凶8凶c叫qncn凶川tly c叩ncmnpc陪胤e臥吋d:川l凶t

l刊11nCC

llcn1'

λAn泊口pト‑也礼hrげr,

1羽w仙V叶山:hore匂,1>児)Cil時 }ο叶下II旧d 1>y

tho "?azir of

Hiw1ustall,

with tho fcw nvnilahlo

trool川

ofthc

?Iu忌位}:礼tl Em叫11刊p町Cげrυ叫じ

hc叩cprc句p:刊i比川L

monsoon, 01'

rnill'y

scason, and fo1' tho final

strngglc

with the

Maharat削,

upon which thc fntcof India. 1'c凶tc<l.

Thc

st1'ongth

of

Al}.mad Shah'凶army

cOllsistcd of

41,800

horse,

his OW11

suhjccts,

on whom hc

chicfly reliod; 2?,000

11υhilahs‑

AfghallS,

who、,¥"c1'o dcsce1ll10<l frolll thosc tl'ihc同wllo had

cllligmtc<1

f1'om

Afghanistall

at di飢?ront

pcriods,

alld sottlod inIndia. *‑an<1 about

10,000

HindustallI

troops,

ll1H1er thoir OW11 chicfs・Helmd also 700

zamんuraAo,c,

01'camo1

8wivcls,

small

1】iccos carryillg

lmlls of

nhout a

pound wcight,

and a fcw

piOCDS

of

artillery・

Thc

?Iahal叫a,

army, uIHlcl'・Wiswas

Hao,

and Sheddashco H.i"tOー

? Algo cnlled Pa包ans in

lndin;

hut thenmne,like thnt ofRohilllh, i?

npplicnble

to

Afghans generall??.

AI,IMAD

SHAII,

AsD瓦LJ.

2!H

hcttcrlmowllas thcBhりw‑collsisIl¥(l りfahout

70,000 h川・向。, 1;"i,OO() inf:tIltl'y,

tmilll¥t1 aftcr tlw

EI¥川川l口J'(川4り}守1'(附附eα)刀;パ川II山11

f:仏L

吋shi山i(り叶}刈11,

n川11¥(1 :WO

piecc

of

;凡ut叫t

i川1101γ,

bc討叫山idc伺勾11川11川11川III山hel'恥尽制凡 sl'lげ川rげf

Iげ仰f}'ソIμt川1;1:バ吋,

()I・χ:lmhuraks.

λt 1<.'ぞ叶 サ引11

th,

(り川}川11 tけhc 7th lυ.f

J:代川1口川11川1I川;汁11'γ'Y

Ii引tり;川1, :礼lf:仕t('什、'1' fa叩じ 11川11 f 礼ch ot什h('円円、可vl'.

}沌r 討4け11川ne 】川)¥(り川}汁11th t什11叩o ?L礼lh

五iil'吋

a 対 、¥¥'川、V什'h had hcoll j)l()ekndt¥(1 il¥ theil

0¥¥'1I intl'ollchcll c:lmp at

Pallipatt,

a fcw mill¥s fl'u!ll

1>ilhi,

wer(',

froJ¥l thc cxtJ'cmitie!'i to ¥"hieh

t.hcy

WCl'C }lllt, fill・"・:mt.りf ti)(Hl alld

ふra呂町

llwlol' thc

1I0e('山ity

りf

aUneking'

thc Dlll'J・al1i a1'llly. The (lctail? ofthisg'1'catnll<l

illlP'は七1I1t

hattle Ilcc(l 1l0t he

('111:11・日('(1

011 hcl'c: suftice it

to肌)",

that

.¥1;川山l 白山wns

cりl1l

plotoly

snceessfu1.

1'ho

?r.山am!as

werc

(¥lItil叶y

dcfcatctl nwl put

to日ig'ht.;

nwl

Wi"・as

H江0,

the

hl.il'‑apparcl1t.υf

the

?raharat;1, l'lllpi1町aIHl

almost

tho whりIc of tho :11'111.",

pCl'ishct1

illtho

flight

01'

}lUI'持Ilit.

Tho

C1・OWlllll日YIけりl'y

at.

Pal1ipatt,

whieh wa時五ual tりthc PO¥¥でr ofthe

?rahara!:同laitl

IliJ¥tliist江11 nt thc fl¥et of

..:¥1;1111:¥11 Shah;

lH1t.

hc,叩Cill日thc (littiell1ty

()f

ret.aillin日向。rcmot.c

a

domillion,

adhcrcd

totho wisc

l'Inn

hc

had,

fl'Olll thc fIl'st., c:u'vc(l ollt, a11l1 contc1ltcl1 himsolf "・ith th九t

Pりrtiけ11

of Illtlia that 11:1I1

formcrly

bCCll ccdcd to

him, hcstowing'

thc1で丹t 011slwh natiyo ehi(イ吋n五hn.d ai(lc(1 him in thc

strll;と!I.dc.

1n

tho叩I'illg'

of 17(j

1,

..:¥

1.11l1:H1

Shah rotm・1ll¥(1to

Kulml;

allll frnm

that

peri()(l,

u}I tn thc

sp1'in日of 177;3,

W:凶acti

¥'cly cmploYl¥ll I1.gainst fOl'cign

:Ulll dOlllCSt.ic

foc汚;

hnt nt that timc his

hcalth,

which h:u1 hcon

1011日 dcclinin山

(,()lltillllcd tn g(¥t WOl・間, alH1 111・0司 YCllIc(l his

01lgngill,!!

in :my

fOl'cig11 cXl】c(litiυ11汚・

Hi8

complaint

W:l8a e:11lCl'r in thc

faco,

whichha(l afiiictod hilll fir品in

17G4,乱11(1

atlafit OCCilfiio11Cd hi(1eath, n恥c(1巾1ic吋<la川t?[

町'ghah,

ill A

担怯怯).只如川五h如n凶lIs坑耐耐t侃山an

inthc bc

1111日川11山in?只r

υf.Tll川lllC 1

ii3,

in thc fifticth ycnr・ofhis ngo,

Tho cOllntries lln<lcl' his llominioll

extcllIle<l,

at thc timc ofhis

dωth,

n'OIll thc ¥¥'o:‑;t of

Khllra:‑;an,

to同1・hillll 011 tho

.Tlllllna,

nl1(l fl'OIil tho Oxm;tn thc T11l1ian

()cf'an,

:111 f'i什H¥J・R('C111'(',1

h,Y tre川y,川・

m netll九1

]lo州内向IOIl,

1・2

293

othcr. JIis

pOSSCSSiOllS

ill Tul"ldstall hc

kcpt

uwlcr

hy fiυrcc;

Lut

1cft t1l0 Tartar chiof.'1of tho

COIl11try U11rClllりved,

awl 11削u thcm with llHHlcratiυn・The Jwliall

prりvillCC吋WCl"C kCl't 1Iy五)rco

a10110; aJHl

ill五,hurasall

ho trll討tc(l totho attachmcnt of80111C

chicfs,

toυk

hりはagcs

frυIII

υthCl刊nlld

WHS

ro:¥(ly

to cnrry hisarms

agaill吋t

any whυdistllrbc(l his

p1ans.

The hawbυlJlCtOlllb of

1¥l;tma(1

飴山村talHl凶ncar thc

palaco

at

l?alHlahar.

lt is ho}(l

in仰'eat

estimatiυn

1ヴtho DnrralJis,

a11<l is

rωpode<l a持札制Ilctnary,

110 011C

vCllturillg

tυtυllch 011e¥¥'hυhas

t:lkcll

1・cfllgc

tll(lrc. Jt is 11りt llllじり1Il111()11 f(】r persolls ofCVC11 the

higho吋t Tank, toにi

¥'c np thc

wo1'l(l,

aml

spcnd

thcir livc泊代t tho

mりll;U叶f吋tomh;

aIHl

ccrtaillly,

if c¥'cr all .Asiatic

Killg

dcso1'veu

tho

gratittH10

ofhis

cυl111try,

it was

AJ;ullad Shah,

thc "Pearloftho Ollrrallis."

.Al;tlll:ul

Shah was thc

gralldfathc1'

of the ulめrtullatc Shah‑

Shiijaa‑u1‑?[ull¥,

wllOm tho sritish 1・c‑scatcd Oll thc throllc ofthc Dnrrallis ill

18:39,

which affair tc1'millated 1:30

unfortullutcly

fo1' all

COllccl'llcd.

Al,DIAD包Iλ11,

ABDλLT.

AH?IA})位IλII.

ABDλLT.

Thc chamctcr of

Al:UIl:td

Shflh }l:t? beon so

1¥(lmirnL1y dl'piutc¥l hy

MOl1utstnart

E11】himito11c,*

that I l'ihall 110t hcsitaI<'、tn

givo

it hcl'c ill flll1.

1'ho chnmctc1'of

Al,llnad

Shah appcnrs to havc 1ICC11

ndmiral,ly

slliterl to thc sitnn.tion in which IIC was

p1acC(l.

11

i凶Clltcrpl・i附

nud dccisioll cllahle(l him to

protit hy

thc eOllf・IlSiOll thatふ110wo(1 the death of

Nauir,

uml thc

prudcnuc

allll

IIIり(leratiυ11,

whiuh hc

acqnircd

凸・om hi:‑;

dcali11gs

with hi8 own

natio11,

wcrc 110 lesii llcccssa1'y to gove1'll a warliko allll

ilHlcpcndeut pcoplc,

tha11 the

hold nlldcommalldill!!o turn‑‑‑..‑ of.‑‑ his‑‑‑‑‑own日enillS.‑‑‑‑ r

His

lllilita1'Y

coumgeall<l

activity arc叶)okcll

ofwitha<lllliration.

hoth

hy

hi8 OWll

suhject内allll

tho 11礼tiυ118 with WhOlll he was

engnged,

eithcr ill wars 01' alli:lncc8・Hc HCClllS to have Lcen

llatuml1y rlisposcd

to mihlncss and

clemo11cy;

and

thOll日h

it is

impossihlc

to

acqui1'c Hovcrei日n

powcr, alld

pCl・hnpii,

ill

Asia,

to

lllaintaill

it,

"羽、.vithout

crimc8; yct

thc

lllemoryυf

no E<1凶stcrll Prinec is st飢凶a叫tIl凶 d 、w、,¥'i廿叫i比川t廿h fe羽weractsofC1'¥

ty

alH1

injn

tice.

1u his

pcr品。nal

charaむter ho secn凶to havc 1Ioen

chccrful,

affablc,

and

good‑naturcd.

Hcmailltaillcd cOllsidol'able

dignity

on

state

occasions,

hut at other tilllCS his manllcr凶wcrc

plain

and

familiar;

alld with the DurranIs ho

kcpt

up tl凶Sfl.lllC 0<] ual and

popular

dcmoanour which was usual with thcir KhallS 01' Chiefs before thcv 札制umcd thc title ofKillg. Hc tl'catcd Moollahs and

holy

rnenwith

great rcspect,

both白'Olll

policy

and illclillatio11. He

was himselfa divine alldall autho1', and was

always

amhitious of the charactcr ofa saint.

His

policy

towards the rlifferent

parts

of his domilliollSwasto

rcly prillcipally

011 cOllciliation with thc

AfghallS

alld Baluch旬

、;"ith this difi'ercllce LCtWOCllthe

llatiolls,

that hc

appliod

himselfto

the whole

peoplc

in thc first casc,alld

ollly

to the chicf ill thc

292

ifit‑‑htt

d

事 ACCOUNTOFTHEKnWDO?[ O?' CAUBUL."

AIPIAD包Iλ11,

ABυλLJ.

2U5

11.

Lay

thinchallll YCl'y

gClltly

UpOll lllC, 0

ph.r?iじiall

!

Bl'llυld

lll:・じOllditiりll,

awl takc

pity

11{Jυ11 llle, m.rLelυveJ!

My hCll.l't,

for

thi吋rcaSOl¥,

isw

hυ11y

filled with

a11日llish,

'l'hat, thl'υ, c¥"il

dc凶tiuy,

it beholdcth 11りtits dea1'011C 11car.

01'

T J 1 E POEl¥IS

討hc

iδ1'l'】‑fcct

alld

CXI!uisitc,

in thc cxccssof hcr

Lcauty

;

llencc my

heart,

distl'acteJ alld

disol'llered,

ravcthf,υr hc1'.

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