"llOU hor
fillgers
draw thccυmbthroll日h
11c1'fl(パ,rIlIg
hair.Fora
millst1'cl,
ill thc!'iprillg・tilllC,
1 h:lYu 110lIuccssity
;The 8wcet
lllclo(ly
ofthcnightillgn1e
is sllflicielltιrmc.Nightly,
iu lllydwollillg,
with thi:‑! intout, 1gathc・l'
a}lnrty to伊th(、!日
Thn.t
possibly,
ulldo1'thisplca,
tho chnrlllurlllight
attcnd.Asan
illduccmellt,
thatho Hhould ri北his lifu tけobtaillit,
Thc divc1' dcsiroth thnt tho
oystcr‑shell
apcarl
1::>11川t1dじりlltaill.A hundrcdtim08ovc1',
A.¥IlD‑LL‑I?.¥nm
wouhl sa.<.:ritlco it fo1' 11('1',1f, hy pa1'ting
withhil::>hca<1,
1Icmight
hi:‑!1川明10凶υhtain.Acelebrated Per:,;ian
painter,
who, ahoutthe llliuule ofthe thirll cen‑turyofoureru,gaveoutthut 11ewasthe
1>1・υmiseu }>arIH.:lete
ofourLord;nnd 800n established a numerous sect known us MallichauIls. He sed into
Tartllry through
fear of t11e Periiiunking・f;hapur (Supur),
where heamused him同lf
by urawing'
anumher ofsing'ular figures
innbookcnlleuErtang; and,
onhisreturn,tuld hisui凶cil'les
thnthe hud o1Jtaineu it from theangels
inlIeaven,
where hepretenued
tu have beenuuring
hi8retreat.
28{;
嘩Durr・i‑DulTan
sig'nifies, 'l'he
Pt'url of thcDUl'rani同,"
n IIHmewhiι11the Abda]is
acquired
fromweuring peur]s
in theirears.ー‑:‑‑・司 一戸‑‑‑‑
e 、.‑ ・4 ・・
(.?
‑
E
, ? 【. 1 ..可司
、:・『
11lili‑‑lif‑‑1
'li‑‑ri!JIl‑‑
J?け11H1111けIIlli‑‑‑altt‑'till‑‑huNUL引っ
11111
!;11i; 1・
ー!leilli
t‑‑eJJ
111eli‑‑、i
2R?
Pcrsi:tll
Khurasall・In
17!'J2 hcCOIHl'Wl'C(l Ka?mir,
nud ohtninc(lfl'Olllthc
Mllgbnl EmpcroJ'
()fHilldii吋tiill,
n cc咽iOll of thc ,山恥of thetractofcoulltry
nsf:trcastasSi,'hiwl,
thnshying
tho fUUIHla,‑tionofa
killgdom,
which SOOll hccaIHC fimnidahle toRlll'rOIJlHlil1日
llati(山内.
Al.unau
Shah }liul 1l0W Ici品lll'O to turn his Rttclltion to intCl・nalnffi‑til'S,
all(l to thc附ttlcmcntof人組ani?tan
alld thcllcwly‑ac<fuil'c(l proYinccs.
Ho thuspns:‑;c<l
the llcxt仏lll' ycars intran(}ltillity,
alldappcarsto hayc hn<l timo to (lcyotc himsdftolitcmtllrc. He used to
hold,
a.t statcdperio(ls,
what is termcd a.Mnjlis‑i‑a叶ama,
01'Asscmhly
()f theLcal'llc(l,
thecarly part
of which wns日cllcrnlly devotcd todiyillity川1
ci viI lnw‑forλbmd
shah lmistJlfwasi
?[olRwr帯‑and cOllcllldcd with cOllvcrsatiolls on SciCllCC an<l
poetη.
HcWl'otc a ColIcctiυIIof O<lcs in
Plls'hto,
his own nativo tolU!UC.ti叩d,
asusual,
with tho町t:)ticis削of
theS目白内側1
from that鴨川・ktho
following spocimclls
hayc hccn taken. 1'ho、,vork is scarce,particularly
ill onstCl'1lA敏allit:)tan.
Ho was Rlso the Ruthor of several pooms in thc Pcrsianlallguagc・
1n theyear 17Js
Al)ma<l
Shah ha(lagaill
tobucklo onthesword,
alldadvallce into tho
Palljah,
which tho.Mllghnl沿nlJont
this timoattemptcd
to rccoycr; hut hcqniekly rc日ninod
nll that h:ul he<'>1Ilost;
drovc thcm 01lt of thcPalljab;
alld山lvallccd Htraiu:ht U1)011Dilhi,
which hc clltcrc(l after hllt a fa削i凶O叩ppO伺州8
ha加M胤削削a肝v吋in噌19
h氾削附e∞c∞omesickly,
fl'OlUpa8si
時 the wholo of 山 hotsmSO UL
1India,
wanwdAl)mad
Shah toretun1,
which ho did 800n nftel'・having compclled
thoM噂nl .Empcrol'
to h帥)w thePalljah
alld Silldh upon his 80nTimuJ',
who hadall'cady
been man匂d to ftM唱は1 pril1cc肌Al.ullad
Shah抑制cd
thenext willtel' at Ka吋;トhar;
hut wasobliged
to Hct ont 800naft刊fo1'
the purposo ofquellillg
disturhance弓ill PCJ'Rin anrlTiirkiRtan.特A tenll
equival刊lt
toDOet.Ol・。fLitprnt.u1'e01'Divinity.
u
AlpIAD
SHλH,
AB1はLT.AllMAD包!AII, ABDλLT.
bctWCCllthc Pcrsin.ns 011thoono
si(lc,
n.nd thoAfgha118
n.nd lhhakson thc
othcr;
lmt thc CVCllt docs not nppear to have dcci(lcu anythillg.
Bllt nftcrthi凶nffitil', Al)m:l<l
8h江h H:LW that 110 timcwasto he lost ill
lookillg
to thosafety
ofhimsclfawlclallsmcn,
a1Hlho
accordillgly fought
hit:) waythrongh
thogl'catcr pnrt
of Khm・a・san "・ith a 8mn.ll furco of bctwccn 2000awl 3000
hor8clllcn,
alldrcpaircd, hy rapid marches,
tol?nlldahiir,
which lmd llOW hecOlllctho
hcad‑llllartcrs
of thc .Ahdalitribc,
awl chicfcity
of t:)υlltlト wcstCn1Af泣
anistau. Hc引rc 110凶o Il山n川lt削e目I附pte以吋d
n.n山n Il山m川llmel1羽w叫、V什:h恥l吋山ichけh吋a吋,d b加oc印111 8附cn川l此t 白台'0側m 1n叫dia fOl叫)川l' t仙ho引11附S別o ofN尚al 副d占仙lir
Shah,
whichAl)mad nppropriatcd, aftCl'・compcllill日thc
Dll1'rallis, who had n.rst siczod upouit,
togiyc
it up.111 Octobcr of the same ycar,
.Alpnnd,
thcn lJllttwcnty‑thrcc
yca1's
old,
nssumcd tho tit1c of Shah 01'Killg
ofAfghallistan,
alldwasc1'owncdat
I?an(吋dahar.町.、"
"¥、w、?.i比thgrcat
pomp, th凶o di汀el'cnt chi旬cfi白8りft伽ho刊巾悶Af悼五加nt凶1'i凶i日b児e叫
、M山i比t山h 1いH川川1此t fi引V侃側c∞G吋句削pμ}沈tio川〉河川118匂,
a吋 t山ho Ka礼l削叫1‑ba沿a?邑』 倒叫,
Bal吐luchis,
alldHnzarahs, assi?ting;
thuslnying
tho foullda‑tiOll of the Dunani
mOllm・chy.
Andalthough
thc "・arlikc alluilldepclldcllt pcoplc,
whonow bocnme hisslll?jccts,
hnd 110yor bCCll accustomed to asovcrcign's yoke,
savo illhcing compcllcd
to pay t1'ilJuto toaforcign rulo1'; yet
Buch wcro his cncrgy andcapacity
for
govcrnment,
that hewas succossful ingaillillg
tho a百cction of hisOW11t1'ibe;
and with thcexccption
of thcGhalzis,
cvcr amostturbulcllt nnd
unruly sept,
he succccdcdiuinstilling
among thc otherAfghan
tribcsaspirit
of attachmcnttothcir nativemOllarch;
alldalso ill
others,
notAf注nans,
hutdwolling
inAfghallistan.
WiththcBaluch alld Hazarah
tribe同his lloighhours,
he f0n11Crl Ull offcnsivealld dcfellsive alliancc.
Having fh叫b1'ought
thorcfractory
Ghalzis intosuhjcctioll,
Al;1mad
Shahbcgan
hisconqucsts;
alld叩ch wnstheullintcrruptcd
tide ofhis SUCCC8S, that
lJy
thc summor of 1751 hc hadcOllqucrcd
thowholeof tho
countries, cxtcnding
as fa1' wcst asNi出apur
in288
‑ 伊
r
J d
,,,
.,占 d島司
炉、
..
hpiA川J
、且曹司‑aza'・2,
11lil
‑‑
11い1lー
1li
e‑
l
"
290
AIDfAD SBλ11, ABVλLT.DUl'ing
thcnoxt ycal', nmttcr8 111¥(1 gOllo 01lb:ul1y
ill1ll<lin;
nIHlPrincc Timll1'・was u11ahle to stcm thc ti(le of
)1aharnta
cυllqncst,which ha(lllOW }'(llll¥(l 1¥1川11 thc
Palljah.
Tho ?lahal 叫a:‑; h山lta川i礼ak(刊川tい川川、可11lSiJ汁川】r汁.hill以11,
a川llll叶,1 、w、H.じ 吐1'0 nlh、¥',礼川IIIじillg
flT可可im日r III山II以叫der thc
lll'cessity
υf rじtirillg'
ftcl'OSS the l¥lllus with hiメ troops. Thc?[ahaf:ltas, bcin百11りW UlIり1'1川sl¥ll, }l¥lshell
011 :凶far:HItho
Hy1lasl】C80l・Jhilnlll,
nml a,lso dctachcll af01・cc totakc po:'5:'5C?‑sionりf?I lllt江n.
Thcsc cvcnts
happcncd
ill thc snmmcr ()f 17;;8; nllllAl;ul1fld 笹山was prcparing
to m:u・eh intoImlia,
"・hCll hc wa吋dctaincdhy
thc rchcl1ionofthc
Baluchi司;
awlalthol¥gh
thislllattcr W:lS討nhsc‑qllClltly
凶cttlcdhy 11cgoeiation,
it WflS llot until thc wintc1'υf17?;!) thflt ho couhl c1'oss thc Illl1ns nlld :ulnmcc tO¥'羽、nln1sHilH1日討はt五ll,
thcM:礼:¥1山harτ吋I
of
covc1'ing
th:乱1tci江ty.
Aftcrtotally (lefcatillg'
thcl¥latlllHl1i, AlpH:Hl
也ahngain
ωptlll'cd
Dilhi. Hc nf仇tc白r、Y川川、羽W:1刊::1川i礼1th叩o
Do‑ab; bll川1此ts叩ul凶}凶8凶c叫qncn凶川tly c叩ncmnpc陪胤e臥吋d:川l凶t
礼l刊11nCC
llcn1'λAn泊口pト‑也礼hrげr,
1羽w仙V叶山:hore匂,1>児)Cil時 }ο叶下II旧d 1>y
tho "?azir ofHiw1ustall,
with tho fcw nvnilahlotrool川
ofthc?Iu忌位}:礼tl Em叫11刊p町Cげrυ叫じ
hc叩cprc句p:刊i比川Lmonsoon, 01'
rnill'y
scason, and fo1' tho finalstrngglc
with theMaharat削,
upon which thc fntcof India. 1'c凶tc<l.Thc
st1'ongth
ofAl}.mad Shah'凶army
cOllsistcd of41,800
horse,his OW11
suhjccts,
on whom hcchicfly reliod; 2?,000
11υhilahs‑AfghallS,
who、,¥"c1'o dcsce1ll10<l frolll thosc tl'ihc同wllo hadcllligmtc<1
f1'om
Afghanistall
at di飢?rontpcriods,
alld sottlod inIndia. *‑an<1 about10,000
HindustallItroops,
ll1H1er thoir OW11 chicfs・Helmd also 700zamんuraAo,c,
01'camo18wivcls,
small1】iccos carryillg
lmlls ofnhout a
pound wcight,
and a fcwpiOCDS
ofartillery・
Thc
?Iahal叫a,
army, uIHlcl'・WiswasHao,
and Sheddashco H.i"tOー? Algo cnlled Pa包ans in
lndin;
hut thenmne,like thnt ofRohilllh, i?npplicnble
toAfghans generall??.
AI,IMAD
SHAII,
AsD瓦LJ.2!H
hcttcrlmowllas thcBhりw‑collsisIl¥(l りfahout
70,000 h川・向。, 1;"i,OO() inf:tIltl'y,
tmilll¥t1 aftcr tlwEI¥川川l口J'(川4り}守1'(附附eα)刀;パ川II山11
f:仏L吋shi山i(り叶}刈11,
n川11¥(1 :WOpiecc
吟 of;凡ut叫t
i川1101γ,
bc討叫山idc伺勾11川11川11川III山hel'恥尽制凡 sl'lげ川rげfIげ仰f}'ソIμt川1;1:バ吋,
()I・χ:lmhuraks.λt 1<.'ぞ叶 サ引11日
th,
(り川}川11 tけhc 7th lυ.fJ:代川1口川11川1I川;汁11'γ'Y
Ii引tり;川1, :礼lf:仕t('什、'1' fa叩じ 11川11江 f 礼ch ot什h('円円、可vl'.抗}沌r 討4け11川ne 】川)¥(り川}汁11thメ, t什11叩o ?L礼lh
五iil'吋
a 対, 、¥¥'川、V什'hり had hcoll j)l()ekndt¥(1 il¥ theil・0¥¥'1I intl'ollchcll c:lmp at
Pallipatt,
a fcw mill¥s fl'u!ll1>ilhi,
wer(',froJ¥l thc cxtJ'cmitie!'i to ¥"hieh
t.hcy
WCl'C }lllt, fill・"・:mt.りf ti)(Hl alldふra呂町
llwlol' thc1I0e('山ity
りfaUneking'
thc Dlll'J・al1i a1'llly. The (lctail? ofthisg'1'catnll<lilllP'は七1I1t
hattle Ilcc(l 1l0t he('111:11・日('(1
011 hcl'c: suftice itto肌)",
that.¥1;川山l 白山wns
cりl1lplotoly
snceessfu1.1'ho
?r.山am!as
werc(¥lItil叶y
dcfcatctl nwl putto日ig'ht.;
nwlWi"・as
H江0,
thehl.il'‑apparcl1t.υf
the?raharat;1, l'lllpi1町aIHl
almosttho whりIc of tho :11'111.",
pCl'ishct1
illthoflight
01'}lUI'持Ilit.
Tho
C1・OWlllll日YIけりl'y
at.Pal1ipatt,
whieh wa時五ual tりthc PO¥¥でr ofthe?rahara!:同laitl
IliJ¥tliist江11 nt thc fl¥et of..:¥1;1111:¥11 Shah;
lH1t.hc,叩Cill日thc (littiell1ty
()fret.aillin日向。rcmot.c
adomillion,
adhcrcdtotho wisc
l'Inn
hchad,
fl'Olll thc fIl'st., c:u'vc(l ollt, a11l1 contc1ltcl1 himsolf "・ith th九tPりrtiけ11
of Illtlia that 11:1I1formcrly
bCCll ccdcd tohim, hcstowing'
thc1で丹t 011slwh natiyo ehi(イ吋n五hn.d ai(lc(1 him in thcstrll;と!I.dc.
1n
tho叩I'illg'
of 17(j1,
..:¥1.11l1:H1
Shah rotm・1ll¥(1toKulml;
allll frnmthat
peri()(l,
u}I tn thcsp1'in日of 177;3,
W:凶acti¥'cly cmploYl¥ll I1.gainst fOl'cign
:Ulll dOlllCSt.icfoc汚;
hnt nt that timc hishcalth,
which h:u1 hcon
1011日 dcclinin山
(,()lltillllcd tn g(¥t WOl・間, alH1 111・0司 YCllIc(l his01lgngill,!!
in :myfOl'cig11 cXl】c(litiυ11汚・
Hi8complaint
W:l8a e:11lCl'r in thc
faco,
whichha(l afiiictod hilll fir品in17G4,乱11(1
atlafit OCCilfiio11Cd hi品(1eath, n恥c(1巾1ic吋<la川t?[
町'ghah,
ill A担怯怯).只如川五h如n凶lIs坑耐耐t侃山an
inthc bc日
1111日川11山in?只r
υf.Tll川lllC 1ii3,
in thc fifticth ycnr・ofhis ngo,Tho cOllntries lln<lcl' his llominioll
extcllIle<l,
at thc timc ofhisdωth,
n'OIll thc ¥¥'o:‑;t ofKhllra:‑;an,
to同1・hillll 011 tho.Tlllllna,
nl1(l fl'OIil tho Oxm;tn thc T11l1ian()cf'an,
:111 f'i什H¥J・R('C111'(',1h,Y tre川y,川・
m netll九1
]lo州内向IOIl,
1・2
293
othcr. JIis
pOSSCSSiOllS
ill Tul"ldstall hckcpt
uwlcrhy fiυrcc;
Lut1cft t1l0 Tartar chiof.'1of tho
COIl11try U11rClllりved,
awl 11削u thcm with llHHlcratiυn・The JwliallprりvillCC吋WCl"C kCl't 1Iy五)rco
a10110; aJHlill五,hurasall
ho trll討tc(l totho attachmcnt of80111Cchicfs,
toυkhりはagcs
frυIIIυthCl刊nlld
WHSro:¥(ly
to cnrry hisarmsagaill吋t
any whυdistllrbc(l hisp1ans.
The hawbυlJlCtOlllb of
1¥l;tma(1
飴山村talHl凶ncar thcpalaco
atl?alHlahar.
lt is ho}(lin仰'eat
estimatiυn1ヴtho DnrralJis,
a11<l isrωpode<l a持札制Ilctnary,
110 011CvCllturillg
tυtυllch 011e¥¥'hυhast:lkcll
1・cfllgc
tll(lrc. Jt is 11りt llllじり1Il111()11 f(】r persolls ofCVC11 thehigho吋t Tank, toにi
¥'c np thcwo1'l(l,
amlspcnd
thcir livc泊代t thomりll;U叶f吋tomh;
aIHlccrtaillly,
if c¥'cr all .AsiaticKillg
dcso1'veutho
gratittH10
ofhiscυl111try,
it wasAJ;ullad Shah,
thc "Pearloftho Ollrrallis.".Al;tlll:ul
Shah was thcgralldfathc1'
of the ulめrtullatc Shah‑Shiijaa‑u1‑?[ull¥,
wllOm tho sritish 1・c‑scatcd Oll thc throllc ofthc Dnrrallis ill18:39,
which affair tc1'millated 1:30unfortullutcly
fo1' allCOllccl'llcd.
Al,DIAD包Iλ11,
ABDλLT.AH?IA})位IλII.
ABDλLT.Thc chamctcr of
Al:UIl:td
Shflh }l:t? beon so1¥(lmirnL1y dl'piutc¥l hy
MOl1utstnartE11】himito11c,*
that I l'ihall 110t hcsitaI<'、tngivo
it hcl'c ill flll1.1'ho chnmctc1'of
Al,llnad
Shah appcnrs to havc 1ICC11ndmiral,ly
slliterl to thc sitnn.tion in which IIC was
p1acC(l.
11i凶Clltcrpl・i附
nud dccisioll cllahle(l him to
protit hy
thc eOllf・IlSiOll thatふ110wo(1 the death ofNauir,
uml thcprudcnuc
allllIIIり(leratiυ11,
whiuh hcacqnircd
凸・om hi:‑;dcali11gs
with hi8 ownnatio11,
wcrc 110 lesii llcccssa1'y to gove1'll a warliko allllilHlcpcndeut pcoplc,
tha11 thehold nlldcommalldill!!o turn‑‑‑..‑ of.‑‑ his‑‑‑‑‑own日enillS.‑‑‑‑ r
His
lllilita1'Y
coumgeall<lactivity arc叶)okcll
ofwitha<lllliration.hoth
hy
hi8 OWllsuhject内allll
tho 11礼tiυ118 with WhOlll he wasengnged,
eithcr ill wars 01' alli:lncc8・Hc HCClllS to have Lcenllatuml1y rlisposcd
to mihlncss andclemo11cy;
andthOll日h
it isimpossihlc
toacqui1'c Hovcrei日n
powcr, alldpCl・hnpii,
illAsia,
tolllaintaill
it,
"羽、.vithoutcrimc8; yct
thclllemoryυf
no E<1凶stcrll Prinec is st飢凶a叫tIl凶 d 、w、,¥'i廿叫i比川t廿h fe羽weractsofC1'¥叫ty
alH1injn
時tice.1u his
pcr品。nal
charaむter ho secn凶to havc 1Ioenchccrful,
affablc,
andgood‑naturcd.
Hcmailltaillcd cOllsidol'abledignity
onstate
occasions,
hut at other tilllCS his manllcr凶wcrcplain
andfamiliar;
alld with the DurranIs hokcpt
up tl凶Sfl.lllC 0<] ual andpopular
dcmoanour which was usual with thcir KhallS 01' Chiefs before thcv 札制umcd thc title ofKillg. Hc tl'catcd Moollahs andholy
rnenwithgreat rcspect,
both白'Olllpolicy
and illclillatio11. Hewas himselfa divine alldall autho1', and was
always
amhitious of the charactcr ofa saint.His
policy
towards the rlifferentparts
of his domilliollSwastorcly prillcipally
011 cOllciliation with thcAfghallS
alld Baluch旬、;"ith this difi'ercllce LCtWOCllthe
llatiolls,
that hcappliod
himselftothe whole
peoplc
in thc first casc,alldollly
to the chicf ill thc292
ifit‑‑htt
d
事 ACCOUNTOFTHEKnWDO?[ O?' CAUBUL."
AIPIAD包Iλ11,
ABυλLJ.2U5
11.
Lay
thinchallll YCl'ygClltly
UpOll lllC, 0ph.r?iじiall
!Bl'llυld
lll:・じOllditiりll,
awl takcpity
11{Jυ11 llle, m.rLelυveJ!My hCll.l't,
forthi吋rcaSOl¥,
iswhυ11y
filled witha11日llish,
'l'hat, thl'υ, c¥"il
dc凶tiuy,
it beholdcth 11りtits dea1'011C 11car.01'
T J 1 E POEl¥IS
討hc
iδ1'l'】‑fcct
alldCXI!uisitc,
in thc cxccssof hcrLcauty
;llencc my