ɑȺɋɌɖ III. ɍɑȿɌ ɗɄɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆ ȼ ɋȿɄɌɈɊȺɏ ɗɄɈɇɈɆɂɄɂ
7.1 Ɍɟɤɭɳɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
Ƚɥɚɜɚ 7 ɍɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂȿ ȼɈȾɇɕɆɂ ɊȿɋɍɊɋȺɆɂ ɂ ɁȺɓɂɌȺ ɄȺɋɉɂɃɋɄɈȽɈ ɆɈɊə
7.1 Ɍɟɤɭɳɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ȿɳɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɢɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɭɸ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨɦ. ɉɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ; ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢ ɧɟ ɧɚɥɚɠɟɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɢ (ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ, ɚɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɧɵɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ) ɢ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ (ɤɚɤ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɬɚɬɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ) ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɸ ɢ ɟɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɉɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦ, ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 30 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ƚɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɟ, ɷɬɚ ɰɢɮɪɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɬɪɢ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹ ɬɨɦɭ ɧɚɡɚɞ, ɚ ɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɡɚɩɚɫɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ.
ɉɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ 8 350 ɪɟɤ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɱɟɡɚɸɬ ɩɨɞ ɡɟɦɥɟɣ, ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɜ ɦɨɪɹ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 350 ɪɟɤ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɞɥɢɧɭ ɫɜɵɲɟ 10 ɤɦ, ɢ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɥɢɲɶ 24 ɪɟɤ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 100 ɤɦ. ɇɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 450 ɨɡɟɪ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɫɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ 0,90 ɤɦ3. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɚ ɨɡɟɪ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 395 ɤɦ2, ɧɨ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ 10 ɨɡɟɪ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 10 ɤɦ2. Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ 63 ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɦɢ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɜɵɲɟ 1 ɤɦ3. ɋɚɦɵɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɫ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ 15,7 ɤɦ3 ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ Ɇɢɧɝɟɱɚɭɪɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɧɚ ɪɟɤɟ Ʉɭɪɟ. ȿɝɨ ɜɨɞɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɜɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ Ɋɚɦɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɇɚɰɢɣ ɨɛ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ (ɊɄɂɄ ɈɈɇ) Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ Ƚɪɭɡɢɟɣ ɢ Ⱥɪɦɟɧɢɟɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɥ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɝɨɧɨɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ PRECIS ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜ ɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ HadAM3P ɢ ECHAM4 ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ5. Ȼɭɞɭɳɢɟ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ (ɤɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɨɦ) ɭɪɨɜɧɟ. Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ Ƚɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɡɢɦɧɟɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤ ɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ 15–20%
ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɇɚ ɤɚɪɬɟ 7.1 ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɣɨɧɵ, ɚ ɧɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ Ʉɭɪɵ ɢ Ⱥɪɚɤɫɚ, Ⱥɩɲɟɪɨɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɟ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɚɥɵɦ ɫɬɨɤɨɦ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɭ ɜɨɞɵ. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤ ɜ ɧɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ (ɢ ɬɚɹɧɢɟ ɫɧɟɝɨɜ) ɜ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ. Ʉɚɪɬɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨ. Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɡ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɤ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 25% (ɢɥɢ 6,5 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ) ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ʉɭɪɵ ɜ Ʉɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɪɟ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫɬɨɤ ɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɤ ɜ Ʉɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɪɟ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɤ ɫɟɜɟɪɭ ɨɬ Ⱥɩɲɟɪɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1,5 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ, ɚ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ, ɢɞɭɳɟɣ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɸɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɡɚɥɢɜɚ Ʉɵɡɵɥ-Ⱥɝɚɱ, – 1,2 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ.
ȼɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɢ Ⱥɩɲɟɪɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɋɚɦɭɪ-Ⱥɩɲɟɪɨɧɫɤɢɣ ɤɚɧɚɥ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɪɟɤɚ ɋɚɦɭɪ.
Ɉɧɚ ɛɟɪɟɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ Ʉɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɪɟ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ. ȿɟ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 216 ɤɦ, ɚ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ 4 400 ɤɦ2. ɋɚɦɭɪ-Ⱥɩɲɟɪɨɧɫɤɢɣ ɤɚɧɚɥ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɡɨɧɚɯ, ɢɞɭɳɢɯ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɫ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɞɨ Ⱦɠɟɣɪɚɧɛɚɬɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ (0,2 ɤɦ3). ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɟɞɭɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɵ ɫ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɠɟɥɚɟɬ ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɚɦɭɪ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ, ɢ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɥɚɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ.
5 ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɈȻɋȿ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɘɠɧɨɝɨ Ʉɚɜɤɚɡɚ.
80% ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ ɪɟɤɢ Ʉɭɪɵ. ɂɫɬɨɤɢ Ʉɭɪɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ Ɍɭɪɰɢɢ, ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɬɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɩɚɫɬɶ ɜ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧ, ɪɟɤɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ Ƚɪɭɡɢɸ. ȼɨɞɨɣ ɪɟɤ Ʉɭɪɵ ɢ Ⱥɥɚɡɚɧ ɩɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ Ɇɢɧɝɟɱɚɭɪɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɵɬɟɤɚɸɬ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɤɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɢɣ ɢ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɲɢɪɜɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɤɚɧɚɥɵ, ɨɪɨɲɚɸɳɢɟ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɧɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ Ʉɭɪɵ ɢ Ⱥɪɚɤɫɚ. Ɉɬ ɪɟɤɢ Ʉɭɪɵ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ 70% ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ.
ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ Ʉɭɪɵ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ, ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɥɨɯɚɹ. Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥ ȿɗɄ ɈɈɇ6, ɱɬɨ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ "ɒɢɤɥɢ-2"
ɧɚ ɝɪɭɡɢɧɨ-ɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ, ɩɨ ɪɹɞɭ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ (ɉȾɄ), ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɨ ɮɟɧɨɥɚɦ – ɜ 8–12 ɪɚɡ, ɩɨ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦ – ɜ 2-3 ɪɚɡɚ, ɩɨ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɦ – ɜ 8–14 ɪɚɡ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚɦ – ɜ 1–2 ɪɚɡɚ. ɉɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɦ7, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɞɢ, ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɞɚɯ ɪɟɤɢ Ⱥɪɚɤɫ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɉȾɄ ɜ 100 ɪɚɡ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɨɧ ɩɨ ɪɹɞɭ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɧɚɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɥɨɪɚ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɚɭɧɚ ɪɟɤ ɢɫɱɟɡɚɟɬ, ɚ ɷɬɨ ɦɟɲɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɫɚɦɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɫɥɨɠɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɪɟɤ ɝɨɪɧɨɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ, ɤɨɠɟɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ Ƚɪɭɡɢɢ ɢ Ⱥɪɦɟɧɢɢ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɜ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɟ, ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɤ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɧɟɬ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɪɭɡɢɧɨ-ɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟɣ ɢ Ɇɢɧɝɟɱɚɭɪɫɤɢɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟɦ.
ɏɨɬɹ ȾȾɌ (ɞɢɯɥɨɪɨɞɢɮɟɧɢɥɬɪɢɯɥɨɪɷɬɚɧ) ɛɵɥ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧ ɜ 1986 ɝɨɞɭ, ɜ ɈɊɗȾ 2003 ɝɨɞɚ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɥɨɫɶ ɨ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɜ ɪɟɤɚɯ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɆɗɉɊ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ 10 ɥɟɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ȾȾɌ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɥɟɞɵ ȾȾɌ ɩɨ-ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɤɟ Ʉɭɪɟ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɠɞɟɣ. Ɉɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɋɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɷɩɢɞɟɦɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ, ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ E-coli, ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɚɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ, ɚ ɜɫɩɵɲɤɢ ɢ ɷɩɢɡɨɞɵ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ, ɫɧɢɡɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɦ ɞɢɡɟɧɬɟɪɢɢ ɢ ɝɚɫɬɪɨɷɧɬɟɪɢɬɚ ɫ 14% ɜ 2005 ɝɨɞɭ ɞɨ 11% ɜ 2008 ɝɨɞɭ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɦ, ɪɟɤɚ Ⱥɪɚɤɫ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɦɭɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɤ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ. Ʉ ɷɪɨɡɢɢ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɦɭɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɪɢɜɟɥɢ ɨɛɟɡɥɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɵɛɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɫɬɛɢɳ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦɢ. ȼ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɨɛɟɡɥɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɹɡɟɜɵɯ ɫɟɥɟɣ. ɗɬɨ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɫɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɟɤɚɯ, ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɧɟɡɚɩɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɇɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɧɢɠɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɪɟɤ Ʉɭɪɵ ɢ Ⱥɪɚɤɫɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɥɨɠɚ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ Ʉɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɦɨɪɟ.
ɗɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɲɚɟɬ ɷɫɬɭɚɪɢɸ Ʉɭɪɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɧɟɪɟɫɬɢɥɢɳɚ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɧɚɝɭɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɪɵɛ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɟɬɪ. ȼ ɞɟɥɶɬɟ ɪɟɤɢ Ʉɭɪɵ ɫ 2003 ɝɨɞɚ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɫɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
Ʉ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ȺɈɆȼɏ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɥɨ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɪɟɤ 1 800 ɤɦ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ.
6 Our Waters: Joining Hands Across Borders, UNECE, 2007.
7 Azerbaijan Summary Report under UNECE Protocol on Water and Health, 2010.
Ʉɚɪɬɚ 7.1. ɋɬɨɤ
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, 2010 ɝɨɞ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɟ ɧɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɇɚɰɢɣ.
Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ (ɇȾɆɈɋ). ɗɬɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ 44 ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɦɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɜɨɞɵ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɟɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ 27 ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɤɚɯ, 4 – ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɯ (Ⱥɤɫɬɚɮɢɧɫɤɨɟ, Ⱦɠɟɣɪɚɧɛɚɬɚɧɫɤɨɟ, Ɇɢɧɝɟɱɚɭɪɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɒɚɦɤɢɪɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ) ɢ 11 – ɧɚ ɨɡɟɪɚɯ (7 ɨɡɟɪ ɧɚ Ⱥɩɲɟɪɨɧɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɟ (Ȼɟɸɤɲɨɪ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɟ ɨɡɟɪɨ, əɫɚɦɚɥ-1, Ɇɚɫɚɡɢɪ, Ʉɸɪɞɚɯɚɧ, Ȼɸɥɶɛɸɥɹ, ɏɨɤɚɯɚɫɫɚɧ)) ɢ 4 ɨɡɟɪɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɢ 1 – ɜ ɩɨɪɬɭ (ɫɦ. ɤɚɪɬɭ 7.2).
Ɋɚɡ ɜ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɟɦɭ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɆɗɉɊ, ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ 17 000 ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɜ ɩɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ 50 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɤ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɜ 2005 ɝɨɞɭ ɜ Ƚɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɧɚ ɪɟɤɟ Ʉɭɪɟ ɢ ɜ Ȼɟɣɥɚɝɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɧɚ ɪɟɤɟ Ⱥɪɚɤɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ, ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ. Ɍɪɢ ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɛ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɟɟ ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɤɚɤ ɧɟɮɬɶ, ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ, ɮɟɧɨɥɵ, ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɵ, ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ (ɪɚɡ ɜ ɦɟɫɹɰ) ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤɚɹ-ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ, ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ.
Ʉɚɪɬɚ 7.2. ɋɟɬɶ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, 2010 ɝɨɞ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: ɍɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɟ ɧɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɇɚɰɢɣ.
Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɸ, ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɐɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɝɢɝɢɟɧɵ ɢ ɷɩɢɞɟɦɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ Ȼɚɤɭ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɜɨɞɵ, ɚ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɐɟɧɬɪɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ. Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɸɬ ɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɯ ɜ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɪɚɡ ɜ ɦɟɫɹɰ. ȼ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ. Ɉɬɛɨɪɵ ɩɪɨɛ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɟɤɟ Ʉɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ. ɐɟɧɬɪ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɛɚɡɨɣ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɧɨ ɨɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɢ ɬɪɟɜɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɐɟɧɬɪ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ. ɇɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɜ ɝɨɞ ɐɟɧɬɪ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɧɭɸ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɸ ɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɧɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ.
Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ (ȾɈɈɋ) ɆɗɉɊ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɧɢɠɟ ɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɦɟɫɬ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
Ɉɛɳɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɨɯɜɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ: ɜ ɇȾɆɆɈɋ – 47, ɜ ɐɟɧɬɪɟ ɝɢɝɢɟɧɵ ɢ ɷɩɢɞɟɦɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ – 41 (ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ
7 ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ), ɜ ȾɈɈɋ − 38. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ 2010 ɝɨɞɚ,
ɨɡɚɝɥɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ "ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɨɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɞɥɹ
Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ"8, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ (ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ, ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɶ, ɡɚɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ) ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ. ɉɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɟɦɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɷɧɬɟɪɨɤɨɤɤɚ (ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜ ɧɨɜɨɣ Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɟ ȿɋ 2006/7/ȿɋ ɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɨɞ ɞɥɹ ɤɭɩɚɧɢɹ) ɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ.
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɟɞɨɱɧɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɵ, ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ, ɤɚɤ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ, ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɜ 2010 ɝɨɞɭ. ɋ 2003 ɝɨɞɚ ɨɧɚ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤɚɞɚɫɬɪ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ 18 ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɨɣ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɡɚɩɚɫɚɯ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɤɨɧɱɚɹ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɞɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɚɞɚɫɬɪ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɜɵɲɟ 2 500 ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ. ɋɥɭɠɛɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ 650 ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞ.
ȼɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɩɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 86,7 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɟɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ, ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜ ɈɊɗȾ 2003 ɝɨɞɚ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ 7.2 ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ), ɚ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɛɨɪ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ.
Ɋɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɨɞɨɲɜɚɯ ɯɨɥɦɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɠɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɞɨɥɢɧɚɯ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɢ Ɇɚɥɨɝɨ Ʉɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɢɯ ɯɪɟɛɬɨɜ, ɜ ɇɚɯɢɱɟɜɚɧɢ ɢ Ɍɚɥɵɲɟ. ɉɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɧɢɡɢɧɚɯ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɥɟɣ (ɧɢɬɪɢɬɨɜ ɞɨ 1,2 ɦɝ/ɥ ɢ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɞɨ 75 ɦɝ/ɥ) – ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɥɨɯɨɝɨ ɞɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ.
ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɢ ɩɥɨɯɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɚ Ⱥɩɲɟɪɨɧɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɟ, ɝɞɟ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ (ɞɨ 50 ɦɝ/ɥ). ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɜ ɋɭɦɝɚɢɬɟ (ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ) ɢ Ƚɹɧɞɠɟ (ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ – ɞɨ 3,5 ɦɝ/ɥ ɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ – ɞɨ 50 ɦɝ/ɥ). Ȼɚɤɬɟɪɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ, ɝɨɪɨɞɚɯ ɢ ɧɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɟɪɦɚɯ. ȼ 2004 ɝɨɞɭ, ɩɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɦ, ɛɵɥɚ ɧɚɱɚɬɚ ɫɟɪɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ, ɤɚɤ ɪɟɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɧɚ Ⱥɩɲɟɪɨɧɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɟ, ɨɱɢɫɬɤɚ 210 ɝɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɪɨɦ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ Ȼɢɛɢ-ɗɣɛɚɬ ɢ 90 ɝɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɚ Ȼɢɧɚɝɚɞɢ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɋɭɦɝɚɢɬɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɚ ɫɜɚɥɤɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɪɬɭɬɶ.
ɇɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɨɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ.
7.2 ȼɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ