ＴｈｅＳｈｏｒｔＳｔｏｒｙｉｓＤｅａｄ ＬｏｎｇＬｉｖｅｔｈｅＳｈｏｒｔＳｔｏｒｙノ

7９

ＴｈｅＳｈｏｒｔＳｔｏｒｙｉｓＤｅａｄ ＬｏｎｇＬｉｖｅｔｈｅＳｈｏｒｔＳｔｏｒｙノ

MichaelGBettridge

Ａ抗e”“〃J1【んjStooco腕pﾉ“α"diJse"oJm0〃jStoompiuα"αＣＯ"tj抓測0皿ｓ ｔｏ６ｅｐｊｃ雌?℃。ｍα"ツｏ"ｅ［"oDejlBzJtjrispicZzJ”azU"ハα"枢c"､ＣＱ"d saZiS/ｎｃｍかZ7wth/血/"ｅｓｓｍノカＧねαﾉﾑﾉｓｗｍ沌轆ｂｏｄｙ｡／ｓ〃o汀ｓわだcs zu"hzuhic〃ｗｅα7℃抗o"Zﾉｔｈｙ疵o"仇Ｐ７℃semedi〃ｏ”配冗bufcaJs.（"The AmericanShortStory.，Ｗｂｚｕｙｂ液Ｔｉｍｅｓ､Ｍａｙ17,1902)２

ＹｈａＤｅ７ｚＷｍｄα〃ＣＵＧノｔｈａノＪａｉｄ７ｌＴ仇i"Azcowld〃ＷｍＵｅ６ｅｅ７ｚａｂｅｔｔｅγ stom'､３（A1iceMunro,ﾉVbzuymbTj腕es,October23,2004Ｊ

ＴﾉｚｇＢｅｓｔＡｍｅ”cα〃Shoγｉｓｍ”esseries,thebrainchildofapoetand playwriｇｈｔｂｙｔｈｅｎａｍｅｏｆＥｄｗａｒｄＪ.Ｏ'Brienwaslaunchedinl915、Ｂｅｓｔ ｈａｓｓｉｎｃｅｃｏｍｅｔｏｂｅｒｅｇａｒｄｅｄａｓAmericaospreeminentannualshortstory anthology・

OBrienwaseditorforthefirsttwenty-sixyearsoftheanthology・Ｈｅ ｓａｗｈｉｓｗｏｒｋ，ｈismission,ａｓｏｎｅｏｆ“recognizingandencouraging”ｔｈｅ shortstoryanditspractitioners，andheconsideredthegenreitself`oa distinctlyAmericanliterature.…''４１ｎｈｉｓｓｅａｒｃｈｆｏｒｔｈｅ“best,',heconsid‐

eredonlypreviouslypublishedmaterial,＊ａｎｄｂｙｈｉｓｏｗｎｅｓｔｉｍａｔｉｏｎ，

someyearsreadthrougｈａｓｍａｎｙａｓ８,O00shortstories.*＊Amongthe authorshepublishedearlyintheircareerswereRingLardner，Willa Cather,WilliamFaulkner,EScottFitzgerald,ErnestHemingway,Ｊｏｈｎ

＊ＩｎｈｅｒｆｏｒｅｗａｒｄｔｏＴｈｅＢＥｓｔＡ”r0cmzShorrSZo能ｓｏ／theα刀mmKatrina KenisonrelatedhowOBrienmadeoneexceptiontothisrule,ｗｈｅｎｆｏｒｔｈｅｌ９２３ ｅｄｉｔｉｏｎｏｆＢｅｓｔｉｈｅselectedanunpublishedstory，“ＭｙＯｌｄＭａｎ,，,fromathen unknownwriter,ErnestHemingway,ｗｈｏｍｈｅｈａｄｍｅｔｉｎＳｗｉｔｚｅｒｌａｎｄ．

*＊Ａｔｔｈｅｔｉｍｅ,ＯＢrienalsowaseditinganannualanthologyofBritishshort stories・Ｔｈａｔ８，OOOfiguremostlikelywouldincludestoriesreadforthatvolume．

8０

SteinbeckandRichardWright・Heprofesseda“faith,,，ashedescribedit，

inthefutureoftheAmericanshortstory，ａｄｄｉｎｇｔｈａｔｉｔｗａｓａｆｕｔｕｒｅ

"bynomeansephemeral.”（Kenison,vii）

UponOBrien'ｓdeath,theeditor，smantlepassedtoMarthaFoley- coeditoratthattimewithherhusband，WhitBurnett，ｏｆＳｊｏＸｙ，itselfa preeminentjournalofshortfiction-inl94LShesawherjobatBestas oneoffinding"storiesofliteraryvalue,"andechoingOoBrien,shedeclared thａｔｔｈｅｓｈｏｒｔｓｔｏｒｙｗａｓ“Americaosowntypicalformofliteraryexpress‐

ion,"andforthat,oneworthpromotingandpreserving.（Kenison,ｘ）

Aseditor,foreachofthenextthirty-sevenyeａｒｓｓｈｅｒｅａｄｓｏｍｅ２,O00 shortstories,andfromthosemadeherselectionsAmongtheauthorsshe wastointroducｅｉｎｔｈｅｐａｇｅｓｏｆＴ/ｌｅＢｅｓｔＡｍｅ〃cα〃Ｓｈｏ〃Ｓｍ汀ｅｓｗｅｒｅＳａｕｌ Ｂｅｌｌｏｗ,BernardMalamud,FIanneryO,Connor,VladimirNabokov,Joyce CarolOatesRayBradbury,JackKerouac,andJohnUpdike・

WhenFoleypassedawayinl977,HoughtonMifflin,thepublisherof theseriessincel933,institutedtheselectionprocedureｔｈａｔｉｓｕｓｅｄｔｏｔｈｉｓ ｄａｙ・Theprocessbeginswiththeserieseditorchoosingsomel20stories fromamonghundredsofNorthAmericanperiodicals,andthensendmg thisselectionontoｔｈｅ“guest”editor,aleadingwriterinthefieldThis editorselectstheapproximatelytwenｔｙｓｈｏｒｔｓｔｏｒｉｅｓｔｈａｔｇｏｍｔｏａｇiven year，santhology・

KatrinaKenisonhasbeentheserieseditorsincel990・ActingasJohn Updike，ｓｃｏｅｄｉｔｏｒｆｏｒＴｈｅＢｅｓｔＡｍｅ"cα〃Ｓｈ０ｒｔＳＺ０河ｅｓｑ／ﾉﾉｚｅＣｅ冗如”,she wrotethattheeighty-fourvoluｍｅｓｏｆＢｃｓｔ（l915tol999）reflectedboth thetastesofthevariouseditors,ａｎｄ“thehealthyvigoroftheAmerican shortstoryattheendof［theTwentiethCentury]”（Kenison,xiv）

Undoubtedly,ｏｎｅｍｅａｓｕｒｅｏｆｔｈｅ“healthyvigor，'sheattributestothe modernshortsｔｏｒｙｗｏｕｌｄｂｅｔｈｅｑｕａｌｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅmaterial,butIsuggesta secondpnamely，thequantity，ｔｈｅｏｕｔｐｕｔ－ｔｈｅｇｒｅａｔｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｓｈｏｒｔ ｓｔｏｒｉｅｓｔｈａｔｙｅａｒｉｎａｎｄｙｅａｒｏｕｔａrewrittenandpublished・Ｂｏｔｈ ＯＢｒｉｅｎａｎｄＦｏley，duringtheirrespectivetenuresaseditorsofBest，

culledtheirselectionsfromthousandsofpublishedshortstories，ｗｈｉｌｅ

TheShortStoryisDead・LongLivetheShortStory． ^８１ MsKenisonmanagesyearlytoreadonaverage3,OOOpiecespublishedin over300AmericanandCanadianperiodicals・Withsuchrobustfiguresas thoseMs・Kenison，sclaimofhealthfortheshortstorygenreappearstobe onthemark,ａｎｄｅｖｅｎｍｏｒｅｓｏｗｈｅｎｙｏｕｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｈｏwthosenumbersfall farshortoftheｔｏtals,ａｓｌｗｉｌｌｓｈｏｗ,foracross-genre（i,e､,literaryto Sci-Fi,tomysteryshortfictionandbeyond）industry-wideyearUsworthof publishedshortstories,ｔｏｓａｙｎｏｔｈｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｈｕｎｄｒｅｄｓｏｆｐｅｒiodicalsthat carrythemandthethousandsuponthousandsofshortstoriesthatget writtenandsubmitted,ｂｕｔthat,deservingornot,ｄｏｎｏｔｆｉｎｄpublication Thatsaid,JohnUpdike,inhisintroductiontotheveryanthologyin whichMs・Kenisondeclarestheshortstory,swell-being，ｐａｉｎｔｓａｓｏｍｅ‐

whatlessrosypictureofthegenre：

Thehealthoftheshortstory？Itschampionsclaimthatasmany shortstoriesarepublishedasever.[Butif]mejVbzpYb沈eγpublished elevenofmylasttwentyselections[for比st],onereasonmaybethat ithadlessandlesscompetitionasamarket・Whateverstatistics show，ｍｙｆｉｒｍｉｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｉｓｔｈａｔｉｎｍｙlifetimetheimportanceof shortfictionasanews-bearingmedium-bringingAmericansnews ofhowtheylive,andwhy-hasdiminished5(Updikepx)ii）

Ｕｐｄｉｋｅｉｓｓａｙｉｎｇｈｅｒｅｔｈａｔｔｈｅｓｈｏｒｔstory,ｗｈｉｃｈＰｏｅｃａｌｌｅｄｔｈｅｃｈｉｌｄ ｏｆｔｈｅＡｍｅricanmagazine，ｈａｓｂｅｃｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｒｅｌｅｖａｎｔｔｏｔｈｅＡｍｅｒican reader,ａｎｄｔｈａｔａｓｉｔｈａｓｏｒｂｅｃａｕｓｅｉｔｈａｓ,itsmarkethasgrownsmaller，

itsstatureonthelandscapeofAmericanliteraturehasbecomemuch diminishedHisdeclaration,then,Putsintoseriousquestionanyclaiｍｓ ｔｈａｔｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｓｈｏｒｔｓｔｏｒｉｅｓｐublishedhasremainedconstant，and moreimportantly,thattheshortstoryisaliveanddoingwelL

Theresearchforthispaperfocusedonthepastandpresentstateof theAmericanshortstorymarket,onthecontradictoryindicators,ｏｎｔｈｅ ｏｎｅｈａｎｄ,ofitshealthandsuccess,ａｎｄｏｎｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒ,ｏｆｉｔｓｄｅｍｉｓａａｎｄｏｎ ｗｈａｔｔｈｅｆｕｔｕｒｅｍａｙｈｏｌｄｆｏｒｔｈｅｇｅｎｒｅＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｕｓｅｄｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｄａｔｒｉｏｏｆ

8２

distinguishedshortstoryanthologies,includingＺｿjeBesZA加e”czz〃Ｓ"o7t Sm1nyseriesreferredtoabove,ａｎｄnumerousshortstorypublications,ａｓ ｗｅｌｌａｓｔｈｅｗｏｒｄｓｏｆｔｈｅｗｒｉｔｅｒｓ,publishersandeditorsoftheshortstory，

namely,ｔｈｏｓｅｔｈａｔｏｎｃｅｋｅｐｔａｎｄｓｔｉｌｌｗｏｒｋｔｏｋｅｅｐｉｔｂｅｆｏｒｅｔｈｅｒｅａｄｉｎｇ ｐｕｂlicThepaperalsopresentsalargesamplingoftheresultsofasurvey ltookofshortstorypublishersonthecurrentstateofshortstorypublish‐

ing，ａｎｄｌｏｏｋｓａｔｔｈｅｉｓｓｕｅｏｆｔｈｅｍａｒｋｅｔ,saccessibilitytoworkby unestablishedwriters,ｔｈａｔｉｓ,ｎｅｗｖｏｉｃｅｓＡｌｓｑｉｔｔｏｕｃｈｅｓｏｎｔｈｅｐｕｂ‐

lic，spleasurereadinghabits,ａｎｄｏｎｈｏｗｔｈａｔａｎｄｔｈｅｍａｒｋｅｔｉｎｇｏｆｔhe shortstoryaffectitspopularityandultimately,itsplaceonthebook- shelvesoftheAmericanreader、

－０●－

０，１ｃｄo皿btsが加ode、切冗陀汚q/shorZsto”2ｓｈａＵｅ腕α`ｅ[ａｓ〃dyQ/ｔｈｅ ｓﾉno汀stoTylO"ｅａ０"bjszuhe仇酩がl"Ｇｙ"ｄ沈ａａｅｓ郡c'zasZwdy,ｔｈ２ｙ ｍｏｚ４ＪＷｍＤｅｃｑｒｊ向jaftﾉtea冗愈"ﾉt〃ybtjtjSPossj6Je仇ａｉＱｃｏ腕iﾌﾞｌｇｍｃｅ Ｑ/stoびtcJに?ｑｓｍｑｙｂｙｓｏｍｅｍｍ”"so〃ｑ/wie加e腕odSqﾉﾛﾉﾉﾉｈｅか/b杉－

７W""＠だ…？aﾋﾞﾂﾞii"e/iJr的Ｂｒ”0打α〃α汀21ﾉﾉtjchsee腕ｓａｌね□｡y…ｔＤｈａｔﾉe gDtns/ｈｒａｓﾉ、加己れα徳αねliAEeb）to探戊（"ShortStories.，Ｗ、）Ｙｂ晩

Ｔｉ腕espec26,1903.）

－００つ

KellyJaneTorrance,fictioneditorofDozJblethj"AB,ｉｎａＭａｙ２００４ａｒｔｉ‐

cleputforwardwhatmanyreadersandwritersofshortfictionhavecome toacceptasatruismaboutthecurrentstateoftheshortstory．“Few magazines,”ｓｈｅwrote，“publishshortstories，FewAmericansread them.…Todayshortfictionisconfinedtoanelegantghetto:ｔｈｅｌＶｂｚｕ ＹＯγｈｅＥｔｈｅＡ〃α〃"cj1IO"Zﾉmy,ａｎｄＨｎｍｅ浦．Therestillexistmanyliterary magazines，butthesepublishseldomandhavefewsubscribers・''６Tell‐

ingly,Iessthanayearafterthatwaswritten,ｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｏｓｅ`oeleganto'three，

theAt/α〃tjqwhichinitsinauguralissueinl857publishedRalphWaldo Emerson,JohnGreenleafWhittierandJamesRussellLowell,whichwas amongthefirsttopublishｗｏｒｋｂｙＭａｒｋＴｗａｉｎ,HenryJamesandErnest Hemingway,ｗｈｉｃｈｌａｎｄｅｄｆｉｖｅｐｉｅｃｅｓｉｎｍｅＢｅｓｔＡ加e河cα〃Sh0汀Ｓｍ”es q／加ｅＣｅ"〃びandbetweenl919and2005garneredlｌ８０Ｈｂ"がfiction

ＴｈｅＳｈｏｒｔＳｔｏｒｙｉｓＤｅａｄＬｏｎｇＬｉｖｅｔｈｅShortStory． ^8３ ａｗａｒｄｓ－ｓｅｃｏｎｄｏｎｌｙｔｏｔｈｅｊＶａｕＹＯγlze7-cutfictionfromitsregular issue,relegatingittoanannualnewsstand-onlyoffering

Oddlyenough,ａｔｌｅａｓｔｔｏｍｙｗａｙｏｆｔｈｉｎｋｉｎｇ，whilereportedlyfor theAtJα"Ｚｊｃｉｔｗａｓａｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｐａｃｅ，ｏｆ“realestateintheregular monthlyissue,,，andnotofrevenue,ｔｈatpromptedittocutshortstories fromitspages,itsownreader-surveyshowedthatasolid２５％ofthat audiencealwaysreadAtZα"tjcfiction.７Apparently,though,thatnumber representedconsumptionoftoosmallasliceoftheperiodicalpietojus‐

tifyshortfiction'scontinuedinclusionasamonthlyoffering、And，ｏｆ course,ｗｉｔｈｉｔｓａｎｎｕａｌｉｓｓｕｅｏｆｓｈｏｒｔStories,ｔｈｅＡ〃α"nchasnotstopped publishingshortfiction,ｂｕｔｉｔｈａｓｅｌｉｍｉｎａｔｅｄｉｔｆｒｏｍｉｔｓmagazine,and thatseemsamarginalizationofｉｔａｎｄａｄｉｍｉｎｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｉｔｓｓｔａｔｕｓ・Butso goestheshortstorymarket,somehaveasserted:ｆｅｗｅｒｃｏｍｍｅｒcialpub‐

lishingvenues;fewerwriterspaidandpromoted;fewernewreadersre‐

cruitedandfeweroldreadersretaiｎｅｄＡｄｄｔｏｔｈａｔａｎｅｍｉｃｍｉｘｔｈｅ ｆｏｌｌｏｗingassessmentbyDeborahTreismanothefictioneditorfortheハノりめ YmRlze閃ａｎｄｗｈａｔｗｅｍａｙｂｅｌｅｆｔｗｉｔｈｉｓａｎａｒｔｆｏｒｍ,atleastashistori‐

cａｌｌｙｉｔｈａｓｂeenrepresentedonthepagesofmagazinesandjournals acrossNorthAmerica,ｏｎｔｈｅｅｄｇｅｏｆｏｂｌｉｖｉｏｎＩａｓｔｈｅｍａｒｋetforshort storiesisreduced，Ｍｓ・Treismanwrote,`"ｓｏｔｏｏｉｓｔｈｅｗｒｉｔｅｒ，sdesireto writethem.，'，（Dalton）

Ascenariothathasperiodicalsabandoningtheshortstoryandread‐

ersandwritersturningfromit,ifaccurate,spellsdoomfOraliterature thatovｅｒｔｈｅｐａｓｔｃｅｎｔｕｒｙａｎｄａｈａｌｆｈａｓｒｅｐresentedmuchofNorth America'sgreatestfictionandmanyofitsgreatestwriters,whileacting forthereａｄｅｒａｓｎｏｔｈｉｎｇｌｅｓｓｔｈａｎａｗｉｎｄｏｗｏｎtotheAmericanexperi‐

ence、JamesWood,inhisMtZgnzj"csi〃theＵ’１i蛇dSmjeSpublishedinl949，

wrote“[for］ｍａｎｙindividuals…［short］fictionhasprovidedmuchof theirbａｓｉｃｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅｏｆｐｅｏｐｌｅａｎｄｓｏｍｅｏｆtheirethicsandhasgenerally affectedtheirapproachtohumanrelationships・''8Itishardtoimaginethat itstilldoｅｓｓｑａｔｌｅａｓｔｆｏｒａｎｙｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｎｕmberofreaders・Ｉｒｅｆｅｒｙｏｕ ｔｏｔｈｅｗｏｒｄｓｏｆＵｐｄｉｋｅｑｕｏtedabove,whichechosomefiftyyearslater

8４

thoseofJamesWood,ｂｕｔａｓａｓｏｍｂｅｒａｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅａｕｄiencethe shortstoryhaslost,andthentoUpdike，ｓｅｎｌａｒｇｅｍｅｎｔｏｎｈｉｓａｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔ ｉｎａｎｉｎｔｅｒｖｉｅｗｈｅｍａｄｅｉｎｔｈｅｙｅａｒ２０００,ｔｈｅｙｅａｒａｆｔｅｒＢｅｓｔＡ抗e”cα〃

Sﾉto〃Ｓｊｏγdes〃腕Ｃａ"〃ぴsawpublication:"Idothinkshortstoriesused totellpeoplehowotherpeoplelivedIandinasurprisingandedifying way・NowmanyreadersturntowardcelebrityanecdotesfornarrativeIn away,ｙｏｕｃｏｕｌｄａｒｇｕｅｔｈａｔｔｈｅ［tabloid］ハノbtiom/Ｅ"9脚iねｒｉｓｔｈｅｒｅａｌ ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｏｒｔｏＳｍ７ｙmagazine.”

And，undoubtedly，thereadingpublicisnotaskingformoreshort fiction，thenovelbeingtheobviousliteratureofchoicaiffictionbest‐

sellerlistsareanyindication、Whatlfindilluminating,however,ｉｓｔｈａｔ ｔｈｉｓｄｅｃ/α杉ｄｌａｃｋｏｆｐｕｂｌｉｃｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｉｎｔｈｅｓｈｏｒｔｓｔｏｒｙｉｓｎｏｔｎｅｗ，Ａｓｆａｒ ｂａｃｋａｓｌ９０４,criticswerenotingthe“habitofpublisherstodeclinecollec‐

tionsofshortstories，ｉｒrespectiveoftheirmerits,'，ｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｆａｃｔｔｈａｔ

"[c]ollectedshortstoriesdon,tsell，I9Ofcourse,thereferencethereisto collectedshortstories,buttheresearchindicatesthatneithercollections northemagazineshortstorygarnermuchinterestfromreadersthese days、Ｉｎａ２００５ｏｎ－ｌｉｎｅａｒticle,“TradePublisherstoShortFiction:Drop Dead,''ＧａｒｔｈＮｉｘⅢaliteraryagent-turnedwriter,isquotedasfollows：

１knowshortstorycollectionsareaboutaswelcomeatapublishing houseasaroyaltyaudit,ａｎｄＩｃｏｕｌｄｏｎｌｙｅｖｅｒｓｅｌｌｏｎｅｏｎｔｈｅｂackof anovelandusuallyonlyforderisoryadvances,eveniftheauthorwas otherwisemucｈｉｎｄｅｍａｎｄ.…Thebigtradepublisherssimplylooｋ ａｔｔｈｅｓａｌｅｓｆｉｇｕｒｅｓ,ａｎｄgenerallythesalesfiguresforcollectionsare awfuLThestoriesmaybebrilliant…butmostreaders…justdon't buytheanthologiesinsufficientｎｕｍｂｅｒｓ－ｉｎａｎｙｇｅｎｒａＩ０

ｓｏ，ｉｔｓｅｅｍｓｔｈａｔｂｏｔｈｔｈｅｐｕｂｌｉｃ０ｓｌackofdemandforshortfiction and,ｔｏｑｕｏｔｅＬｙｎＣｏａｄｙ,aCanadianwriter,inwidelysharedcriticismof theindustry，ａ“publishingclimatethatisdeeplyhostiletotheshort story,”havekeptshortstorycollectionsofｆｔｈｅｂｅｓｔｓｅｌｌｅｒｌｉｓｔｓａｎｄｔｈｅ

ＴｈｅＳｈｏｒｔＳｔｏｒｙｉｓＤｅａｄ･ＬｏｎｇＬｉｖｅｔｈｅＳｈｏｒｔＳｔｏｒｙ． ^8５ storymoreandmoreoutoftheperiodicals・Ｉｎｆａｃｔ,throughｔｈｅ1940,s，

50'so６０'ｓａｎｄ７０，s,noshortstorycollectionmadeittoNo.ｌｏｎｔｈｅｊＷｚｕ Ｙｂ流Timesbestsellerlist.＊Thatfeatwasnotaccomplishedunti１１９８５，

whenStephenKingosSﾉｾeZeje〃Ｏｎｅｚｕｓｏｌｄｉｔｓｗａｙｔｏｔｈｅｔｏｐ１ＩＮｏｎetheless，

myresearchshowsthatfiveshortstorycollectiｏｎｓｄｉｄｍａｋｅｉｔｉｎｔｏｔｈｅ ｔｏｐｆｉｖｅｏｎｔｈelistbetweenl994and2006、Twoofthosecollectionswere bythesameStephenKing,anotherwasacollectionofmystery/crime storiesbyMaryHigginsClark,twootherswerecollectionsofclassictales retoldforchildren’ａｎｄｔｈｅlastacollectionofstoriesandverseforchil‐

drenAdmittedly,fivebestsellingcollectionsinthesixdecadesofthelist isnotmuchcauseforcelebration,ｂｕｔｉｔｄｏｅｓｇｅｔｂｅｔｔｅｒｔｈａｎｔｈａｔｆｏｒｔhe shortstory，withsixcollectionsappearingontｈｅ｣VbmYb液TimesBest SeノルｒＬｉｓｔｉｎｌ９９９Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,ｅｖｅｎｔｈａｔｒｅｓｐｅｃｔａｂｌｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｄｏｅｓｎｏｔｉｍ‐

pressall，CharlesMcGrathinaAugust24,２００４ｊＶｂｚｕＹｍｂＴｊ腕esarticle，

"TheShortStoryShakesltselfOutofAcademe,I，wrotethatsincel999,ｔｈｅ o"JycollectionsofshortstoriestoappearontheTimesbestsellerlistｗｅｒｅ ｂｙＳｔｅｐｈｅｎＫｉｎｇａｎｄＬｏｕｉｓＬ,Amour．

ＩimagineMcGrathmeanstoquestionthesignificanceofthosewrit‐

ersbeingonthelistbecause,thoughmanywouldcallthemmastersｏｆｔｈｅ ｋｉｎｄｏｆｆｉｃｔｉｏｎｔｈａｔｔｈｅｙｄｏｗｒite-horror，ｆｏｒＫｉｎｇ；thewestern，ｆｏｒ ＵＡｍｏｕｒ－ｈｅｗｏｕｌｄｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｔｈｅｉｒworkentertainment，andforthat unliteraryandunworthyofdistincti0,.ＭcGrathmaybetakmgajabalso atKing'sandUAmourosfanbaseforwhathejudgestobeitslackofcriti‐

calsophisticationinmakingthosetwointobestsellingauthors,ｂｕｔｉｎａｎｙ ｃａｓｅ,heisimplyingthattheirshortfictiondoesnotstandasrespectable representationoftheshortstory・Ｂｅｔｈａｔａｓｉｔｍａｙ,theircollectionshave soldandcontinuetosell,andthoughlrealizethosesalesmayｂｅｄｕｅａｓ ｍｕｃｈａｎｄｍｏｒｅｔｏｔｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒｓ'reputationsandfollowing,ａｓｔｏｔｈｅｌｉｔｅｒ‐

arypolishoftheirshortfiction，ｔｈｅｓａｌｅｓｄｏｐｒｏｖｅｔｈａｔｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｒｉｇｈt materiaLshortstoriescananddodrawasubstantialreadership.

牢Ｔｈｅｌｉｓｔｗａｓｆｉｒｓｔｃｏｍｐｉｌｅｄｉｎｌ９４２

8６

ＯｎｔｈｅｗｅｂｓｉｔｅｏｆＢｏｏｋＥｘｐｏｉｓｎｏｔｉｃｅofa2006conferencetitled

"EmbracingtheShortStoryCollection.，,Theconference'smessageisas

fOIIows：

Despitewhateveryoneseemstosay，shortstorycollectionsdosell andliteraryjournalsthatfeatureshortfictioncontinuetothrive AliceMunro，ｓＲ”αzuayandDavidFosterWallace,sO6JiDjo〃ｂｏｔｈｓｏｌｄ ｗｅｌｌａｎｄｗｉｌｌｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎｌｉｋｅｌｙｓｅｌｌｆｏｒｙｅａｒｓｔｏｃｏｍｅ・Buttheseare establishedwriterswithloyalfollowings,andemergingwriterscan onlydreamofsuccesslikethis・Sellingshortstorycollectionsand literaryjournals（toagents,publishers,booksellers,andeventuallyto customers）isachallengeineveryway,buttherearewritersdoing amazingthingswithshortfiction,andtheirworkdeservesanaudi‐

ｅｎｃｅ１２

Inotherwords:Readerandwriter,ｄｏｎｏｔｇｉｖｅｕｐｏｎｔｈｅｓｈｏｒｔｓｔｏｒｙ；

staywithit、eBookscom,asitefordownloadabletexts,listsmorethan l,900shortstorycollections，Barnes＆Noble,thebookseller,listsonits websiteitscurrenttoptenbest-selling"Classic，，shortstorycollections（a listwhichincludesworksbyDickens,Joyce,KafkaandKateChopin),its currenttopsellingshortstorycollections（includingworksbyTim O，Brien,RoaldDahLPoe,andJamesPatterson),andunderitsmenuof availablecollectionsitoffersmorethanll,O00titlesAndwhileitdoesnot supplysalesfigures，ｔｈａｔＢ＆Awouldcompilesuchlistssuggestsａｎ ａｃｔｉｖｅ,ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓａｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｍａｒｋｅｔｆｏｒｔｈｅgenre

Ofcourse,ｓａｌｅｓｆｉｇｕｒｅｓａｒｅｎｏｔｏｒｓｈｏｕｌｄｎｏｔｂethedefiningmeasure ofsuccessfoｒａｎａｒｔｆｏｒｍｂｕｔｌｗｏｕｌｄｓａｙｔｈａｔｓａｌｅｓａｒｅameasureof relevanceand，ｉｎｔｈａｔｗａｙ，ｏｆｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔ'smarketability・ＳｈｏがＳｍ”

mdejUiadigitaldatabase,hasalisting,datingbacktol984,ｏｆｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎ 84,000publishedstoriesfromperiodicals,collectionsandanthologies・And 4POOrecordsareaddedtotheirdatabaseeachyear,l3Anotherdigitaldata- base,Ｔ/ZeFYCtio〃MZZgsI)zdex,boastsastaggeringl68,210（andcounting）

ＴｈｅＳｈｏｒｔＳｔｏｒｙｉｓＤｅａｄ・LongLivetheShortStory． ^8７ entriesforshortstories(andserialsegments),UKandNorthAmerican,of genresfromliterarytoSci-fi,theentriesdatingfrommid-l830to2005．It alsolistsL936magazinetitles.】‘

Withfiguressuchasthoseforsupport,alegitimateargumentcould bemadeｔｈａｔｉｆｔｈｅｓｈｏｒｔｓｔｏｒｙｉｓｂｅｉｎｇｗｉｄｅlypublished,ifmainly,the bibliographiesandreferenceworksshow1inperiodicalswithsmallto mid-rangecirculations，ｔｈｅｎｉｔｉｓａｌｉｖｅａｎｄｔｈｒｉｖｉｎｇ，InNorthAmerica alonetherearehundredsofliterary,little,consumerandso-calledgenre magazinestowhichtheestablishedandunestablishedwriteralikecan submittheirshortfiction、ＪａｍｉｅＳｃhｗａｒｔｚｏｆＣＬＭＰ（CouncilofLiterary MagazinesandPresses）tomyquestionofwhere"amoreorlessaccurate numberoflittleandliterarymagazinespublishｅｄｅａｃｈｙｅａｒｉｎｔｈｅＵ､SmI5 couldbefound,answeredthatCLMPbelievedthereｗｅｒｅ“between500 andl,0001iterarymagazinespublishingintheUnitedStatescurrently.,,Ａ ｓｅｃｏｎｄｓｏｕｒｃｅｇｉｖｅｓａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆ１`morethan500,"ｌ６ａｎｄｔｈｅ幻O5jVblﾉＧ１＆

Sﾉzo〃Ｓｍ７ｙＷｸｳﾞﾉ妃γｌｓＭｔｚ戒etfromWriter'sDigestBookslists4501iterary magazines、Stillanothersourcesuggestedtheｔｏｔａｌｔｏｂｅｎｅａｒｌ,500．

Thosenumbersdonotincludeperiodicalsthatpublish“genre''short stories,ｔｈａｔis,sciencefiction,detectiveandmystery,fantasy,horror,ａｎｄ ｓｏｏｎ・Nordothenumbersincludetheonlineshortstoryzines,ａｔｏｔａｌｆｏｒ ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓａｓｈａｒｄｔｏｃｏｍｅｂｙasthatforprintjournals・Still,ＣＬＭP,inits volumeTheLitem”ｎ１ｅｓｓα"dMzgzzzi"eDi”cto?qyb2005i/200611istsamong itsregisteredmembers243printmagazinesand240onlinesitesthatpub‐

lishshortfiction,ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓ２４２ｂｏｏｋｐｒｅｓｓｅｓｔｈａｔｄｏｓｏ・Ａｎｄｉｎａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎ ｔｏｉｔｓｖａｓｔｌｉｓｔｉｎｇｆorliterarymagazines，ｔｈｅ勿O5jVDtﾉＧＩ＆Sho〃Ｓｍｌｎｙ Ｗ)１iZgγＩｓＭＺｍｂｅｊｈａｓｌｉｓｔｉｎｇｓｆｏｒｓｍａｌlcirculation1onlineandconsumer magazines,ｗｉｔｈａｆｕrtherbreakdownintosuchcategoriesasMystery／

Suspense,Romance,Sci-fi,Western,Adventure,Childrens/Juvenile,Erot‐

ica,andHorror．Ｉ、all，Wifter1sMmnlBetcarriesinfoｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｎｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎ ｌ,900publishingopportunities，novelandshortstory，includingeighty‐

threeshortstorycollectionpublishers・

Themarketplaceforshortstories,then,appearstobevasLtheoppor‐

8８

tunitiesforpublishingmorethangenerouslnfact,oftentheperiodicals listedinW7iteγＩｓｊＵｂ戒etacceptsubmissionsformultiplecategories,ａｎ ｅｘａｍｐｌｅｏｆｗｈｉｃｈｗｏｕｌｄｂｅｔｈｅｂｉａｎｎｕａｌＡｘｅＦｔｚｃｍ”ReD池zu・Itseditor，

JosephFarley，ｓｔａｔｅｓｔｈａｔｈｅ“ｗｉｌｌｌｏｏｋａｔａｎｙｇｅｎｒｅ',：literary，main‐

Stream/ＣＯ､temporary，adventure，erotica，ethnic/multicultural，experi‐

mental,military/ｗａｒ１ａｎｄｏｎａｎｄｏｎ､i7Thatdoesnotmeanpfcourse,that hewillpublishjustanypiecethatcomeshisway;thejournalcancarry onlysomuchfictioninitsbiannualofferings,ｏｆｃｏｕｒｓｅＢｕｔｍｏｒｅｔｏｔｈｅ ｐｏｉｎｔ,Ｍｒ,Farleyhashiseditorialfocus,ｔｈａｔis,theguidelinesheusesto cullhisyeａｒｌｙ２４０ｓｕｂｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓｔｏｔｈｅｏｎｅｏｒｔｗomanuscriptsthatheuses perissue、ｓｏ,ｗｈｉｌｅｈｅｍａｙｓｏｌｉｃｉｔｗｏｒｋｆｏｒｍｏｓｔａｎygenre,heletsitbe knownthatheis"search[ing］forthequirky,theoff-center,theoffensive，

theannoying,ｂｕｔａｌｗａｙｓｔhewell-writtenstory.Ⅱ'Andinthatmanner,the pathofpublicationintotheotherwiseeclecticAxeFmわびＲｅ"ぬzuisneces‐

sarily,ifmercilessly,narrowed

Editorialparametersexistatallperiodicalsandon-linezmes，of courseAneditor'scallmightbefortheregionalorthefeministstory,ｏｒ forthelight-heartedtale,forexampleAnd,conversely,ｓｏｍｅｌｉｓｔｉｎｇｓｉｎ ＷｉａｉＺｅγIsMZz戒ejspelloutwhatsortoffictionｉｓ?zotwelcomeatthatpar‐

ticularperiodical・Ｔｈｅ“nosci-fi,mystery,horror,westernsorromance,I, the“nogenre''ｅｘｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｃｏｍｅｓｕｐｔｉｍｅａｎｄａｇａｉｎＴｈeseexclusionsare understandable,ofcourseNotonlycanthesesmallercirculationperiodi‐

calsnotbeallthingstoall,ａｎｄａｒｅｎｏｔｍｅａｎｔｔｏｂｅ,butthestaffatmost literaryandgenremagazinesarequitesmalLOfthethirty-sixperiodicals whoseansｗｅｒｓｔｏｍｙｓｕｒｖｅｙｌａｍｕｓｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａper,staffnumberspeak attheuniversity-basedandafewoftheindependentｓａｔｆｒｏｍｅｉｇｈｔｔｏｔｅｎ，

buttheremainingjournals,representingthelionosshare,clockinatjust onetothreemembers，Ifyearlysubmissionfiguresrunafｅｗｈｕｎｄｒｅｄ,a smallstaffshouldbemorethanadequatetohandletheloadButwhen thosｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｓｂａｌｌｏｏｎｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｈundredsandeventhethousands-the ｓｔａｆｆｏｆｔｗｏａｔＧＪｉｍｍｅγＴｍj〃Ｓto〃esreportthattheyweighthroughmore than40,O00submissionseachyear-iｔｉｓｎｏｔｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｏｓｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｓ

ＴｈｅＳｈｏｒｔＳｔｏｒｙｉｓＤｅａｄ､LongLivetheShortStory． 8９ thatarewantedbutreduction・

Iwouldarguahowever,thatthemorerestrictivetheguidelineson thekindsoffictionaperiodicalwillaccept,thesmallerthereadership,the lesstheexposurefortheshortstory，Anditisexpandedreadershipand theresultingexposurethattheshortfictionindustrｙｎｅｅｄｓｉｆｉｔｈｏｐｅｓ ｅｖｅｒｔｏｂｅｇｉｎｔｏｒｅcoverthemarketthatithaslosLConsiderthisnumber：

Llmillion・Thatisthecombinedcirculationofthemonthlycrime-fiction magazinｅｓＡｌ/7EdHJtchcodblsjM〕）SteひＭＺｇｎｚｍｅａｎｄＥ比ゆQzJee〃ＩＳＭ)ﾉstcが MZZg塵！"eandthequarterlyMmnyHZggj"ｓαα沈岫/ste1qyMzgazj冗且'８Each publishesaroundtenpiecesoffictionperissueAndconsiderthis:４０new novellasandshortstoriespublishedmonthly、ＴｈａｔｉｓｔｈｅｏｕｔｐｕｔｏｆＡ?、‐

ﾉogScie"ceFYc'io〃α"dFtzcムAsimo"ＩｓＳｃｉｅ"ceFYc"o"，ＴﾉieMtzguzi"ｅｑ／

FmzmSyα"dScie"ceF7ajo",Ａ腕czzj"ｇＳｍ７ｉｅｓ,thequarterlyAbo龍､αﾉScj‐

e"ceFiaio",andtheBritishmagazinemje頑o"e・Theircombinedcircula‐

tionis250,000．

Ｔｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒｏｆｔｈｅａｒｔｉｃｌｅｆｒｏｍｗｈｉｃｈltookthosestatistics,Mahinder Kingra，wroteｔｈａｔ“thefirstthingthatstrikesareaderofmysteryand sci-fimagazinesoftenisthediversityofstylesandwriters・Ａｎｉｓｓｕｅｏｆ Ａｌ【ﾉｸUdHIZcﾉjcoc虎ISM)ﾉstcびjMzguzj"e,forexample,mayfeatureahistorical mystery,ahard-boiledthriller,ａｎｄａｈｕｍｏｒｏｕｓｔａｌｅａｌｌｉｎｔｈｅｓａｍｅｉｓsue.”

Ｃｏｕｌｄｉｔｂｅｔｈａｔｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｉｎｔｈｅｓｏｒtsofstoriesamagazinepublishesis justthekindofinfusionthatmanyshortfictionperiodicalsneedinorder

toattractreadersandrevenue？

ThePulitzerPrizewinner,MichaelChabon,inhisintroductiontoThe BcstAme”αz〃Ｓ２０両esse河ｅｓ２〃awrotethis:“Entertainmenthasabad

name、Seriouspeople,someofwhomwriteshortstories,learntomistrust andevenrevileit."＊Thesecriticshavegivenentertainmentintheliterary fieldabadrap,hemaintains,andthefieldhasnarrowedandreadership

＊ＳｔｅｐｈｅｎＫｉｎｇｏｎｃｅｒｅｍａｒｋｅｄｔｏａｎｉｎｔerviewerthatwriterslikehimse]ｆ

"reallydoirritate［thecritics]・Ineffect,they,resaying`Whatrightdoyouhave toentertainpeopleThisisaseriouswor1dwithalotofseriousproblems・Let'ｓ ｓｉｔａｒｏｕｎｄａｎｄｐｉｃｋｓｃａｂｓ;ｔｈａｒ１ｓart.,，,

9０

hasdiminishedasaresultNotably,inagameattempttoquashthepreju‐

diceagainstwell-writtenstoriesthatalsoentertain,forBes/２０“Chabon includedfour“genre”Stories:ｔｗｏfantasy,ｏｎｅＳｃｉＦｉ,andonemystery，Ｉｔ ｒｅｍａｉｎｓｔｏｂｅｓｅｅｎｗｈａｔ,ｉｆａｎｙｉｍｐａｃｔｔｈｉｓｗｉｌｌｈａｖｅｏｎｔｈｅｉｎdustry・

Ｏｎｃｅagain,though,noliteraryperiodical,ｎｏｔｅｖｅｎＡ沁eFtzcZo?ｙＲｅ‐

Diezu,thecross-genrejoumalreferredtoearlier,wishesorevencouldman‐

ａｇｅｔｏｂｅａＵｔｈｉｎｇｓｔｏａｌＬＩｔｉｓｅｎｏｕｇｈｆｏｒｔｈｅｉｒｅｄｉｔｏｒｓｔｏｋｅｅｐｔｈｅｍｕｐ ａｎｄrunning,topublishandpromotethewritersaｎｄｔｈｅｗｏｒｋｔｈａｔｔｈｅｙ ｄｏ・Ｏｎｍｙｓｕｒｖｅｙｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｏｆｗｈattheprinciplefunctionoftheliterary orlittlemagazineshouldbe,twenty-foureditors,makingtheirselections fromthechoiceslsupplied,answeredthatitwastodiscoverandencour‐

agenewwriters.＊Thatisajobthathistoricallysuchpublishershave doneunselfishlyandquitesuccessfullｙ・Ａｌ994NationalEndowmentof theArts（ＮＥＡ）studydeclaredthat"`[ｍ]ostwritersofliterature,includ‐

ingthosewhogoontoprominence,ｗｉｌｌ［first］findtheirwayintoprint throughsmallpresses､''''９１ｔｗａｓｔｈｅｍａｇａｚｉｎｅｔｈａｔａｌｌｏｗｅｄｔｈｅｆollowing writers,ｔｏｎａｍｅｏｎｌｙａｖｅｒｙｆｅｗｏｆｔｈｅｂｅｔｔｅｒｋ､own，tothrive:Robert Frost，Ｔ・SEliot,ＪａｍｅｓJoyce，ErnestHemingway，WilliamFaulkner，

AllenGinsberg，PaulAuster，andingenreliterature，EdgarAllanPoe1 ArthurConanDoyle(hisSherlockHolmescharacterfounditsaudiencein themagazines),EdgarRiceBurroughs’JohnCarollDaly（thecreatorof thefirsthard-boileddetectivehero),DashiellHammett,RaymondChan‐

ｄler,BrianAldiss,HPLovecraft,RayBradburyandCliveBaker、Those writers,ａｎｄｍａｎｙｔｈｏｕｓａｎｄｓｍｏｒｅｏｏｗｅｍｕｃｈｔｏｔｈｅｓｈｏｒｔｓｔｏｒｙａｎｄｔｏ ｔｈｅｍａｇａｚｉｎｅｓｔｈａｔｓａｗｔｈｅｉｒｗｏｒｋｉｎｔｏｐｒｉｎｔ､20

、Otheranswers,withthenumberofeditors/publisherswhomadethatchoice notedinparentheses,includedthefollowing:toactasaspringboardforwriters topaying/largercirculationmarkets(8)；topromotethemagazine，seditorial aethetics（10);toentertainand/ortoattractnewreaders（21)．Multipleselec‐

tionswereallowed．

TheShortStoryisDead･LongLivetheShortStory． ^9１

－００－

Ａｓα/ｂｍ２ｑ/z(､i""ｇｔｈｅｓﾉio7tstoぴﾉzasbeco刀ｚｅｓｏｃｏ７ｍ"e７℃mJjZea“［

抑'腕α、ﾉzu河ZC75sα"。〃０ｔ加α"ｙ噸ａｇｍｊ"ＣｓαねＣＯ"femzui放池河t/ｂ７

？?9eri歯ｓａｌｔ⑧Ａ、［んｅｓｊ/ｍｊｉｏ〃ｉｓαノノｌｈｅｓα“〃６ｃｍ江sesro流Ｃｓα花 ｍｍｅａｏｍ６ｙｔｈｅﾉﾉto豚ｓａｍｓ…．（"TheSadCaseoftheContemporary ShortStory,,ibyLouisKronenberger、ｊＶＣｚｕｙｍｂＴｉ"zes・December9，

1928.）

－００－

Publishedshortstoriesrepresentonlyafractionofthenurnbersub‐

mittedtoprintandon-lineperiodicals,ofcourseUnsolicitedsubmissions，

thatis,shortstoriessubmitteddirectlybyauthors,asopposedtoagented orcommissionedfiction，ｎｕｍｂｅｒｉｎｔｈｅｍａｎｙｔｅｎｓｏｆｔｈｏｕｓａｎｄｓ，ａｎｄ ｓｔａｎｄａｓａｔｅｓｔａｍｅｎｔｔｏｔｈｅｐｏｐｕｌarityofshortfiction,atleastamongits practitioners・Ｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｔａｂｌｅｓｅｒｖｅｓｕｐａｍｅｎｕoftenperiodicals，

representingvariousreadershipdemographics,ａｔｔｈｅｈｉｇｈａｎｄｔｈｅｒｅｌａ‐

ｔｉｖｅｌｙｌｏｗｅｎｄｏｆｔｈｅｓｕｂｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｎｕｍbersscalelhavelistedtheirunso‐

licitedsubmissiontotals，thenumberofmanuscriptseachacceptsfor publication,ｗｉｔｈnodistinctionmadebetweenunsolicitedandsolicited submissions,andthepercentage,ｉｆａｎｙｉｓｋｎｏｗｎｏｆｔｈａｔｔｏｔａｌreserved foragentedfictionz1：

Ｔａｂｌｅｌ Periodical UnsolicitedsubmissiOns

ｐｅｒｙｅａｒ

Manuscriptsaccepted

ｐｅｒｙｅａｒ

TﾉｈｅｊＷｍｙｂ戒eｒ 48,000-50,000 5２

ＷｍｚＱ〃lsWbjFlm 300000 ¹⁰⁴

PJo狐gﾉｉｓ/tＬｗｓ 12,000 ^3０

EpOch 6,000 45-60

EﾉJenﾉQzUegれむ

jMngpzi"ｅ １Ｍ〕/s妃” 24,000 ¹²⁰

Asimo"ⅢｓＳｃｊ““FYctio〃 9,600 100（agentedfiction:１０％）

αｊ７７ｍｚｅｒＴｍｊ〃Ｓto流Cｓ 40-480000 3２（agentedfiction:１０％）

FYmjD〃 2,400 24-40（agentedfiction：

10-20％）

BombMaguzi旭 ^2.400 2４（agentedfiction:７０％）

BOyIsLi/膠 ^{1.800 12-18}

Total： 270,600-282,600 543-561

9２

Ｔｈｅｓｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｓｇｉｖｅｓｏｍｅｉｄｅａｏｆｔｈｅｃompetitionforpublicationan unsolicitedwriterfaces,ｏｆｔｈｅｏｄｄｓｏｆｌａｎｄｉｎｇａｐｉｅｃｅｗｉｔｈａｐublication，

ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｓｏｍｅｉｎｄｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｗｉｌlingnessoftheperiodicalstopublish unsolicitedmanuscripts・ＥｖｅｎｓＱｔｈｅｔａｂｌｅｄｏｅｓｎｏｔｔｅｌｌｔｈｅｅｎtirestory、

Iｎｒｅｃｅｎｔyears,ｔｈｅｊＶｂｚｕＹＯ洗鉱despiteitsstatedpolicyofacceptｉｎｇｕｎ‐

solicitedsubmissions，ｈａｓｓｈｏｗｎｎｏｉｎｃｌｉｎａｔｉｏｎｔｏｐｕｂｌｉｓｈａｎｙ・Bill Buford，ｔｈｅｊＶｂｚｕＹｂｱﾘbeγfictioneditorfroml995to2002，onceremarked thathecouldnotrecallhavingchosenevenonestoryfromｔｈｅｓｌｕｓｈｐｉｌｅ

－ｏｒｔｈｅｌｉｍｂｏｔｏｗｈｉcｈｕnsolicitedsubmissionsaresent-whilethe magazine'snextandcurrentfictioneditor，DeborahTreisman，asifto validateherpredecessor'sobservationthatnothingworthpublishinghas evercomefromtheslushpile,remarkedthat“[s]omeonewho,ssubmit‐

tingthemselvesdirectlytothefictioneditorprobablyisn,tallthatsavvy aboutpublishingandprobablynotaboutwritingeither､''2２

１tappears，then，ｔｈａｔｔｈｅｊＶｂＺｕＹＤ戒eXperhapsAmericaosforemost commercialmarketforliteraryshortstories，isinterestedinpublishing onlythefictionofestablishedwriters・Certainlyitmusthavesoundedi‐

torialandmarketingreasonsfordoingso,ｂｕｔｉｔｓｅｅｍｓａｓｈａｍｅ,ifindeed notsomethiｎｇｏｆａｓｈａｍ,thatdespiteitseditorialclaimstothecontrary，

ｉｔｉｓｎｏｔｏｐｅｎｔｏｎｅｗｖｏｉｃｅｓ・Ｈｏｗｓｕｃｈａ“defacto,，policybenefitseither theshortstoryoritswritersandreadersisbeyｏｎｄｍｅ

ｌｎａｎｙｃａｓｅ,thedegreeofaperiodical'swillingnesstoconsiderunso‐

licitedsubmissions,ifknownisahelpfulindicatortotheestablishedand unestablishedwriteralikeofhisorherchancesoflandingastorywithit Additionally，ｈｅｌｐｃａｎｂｅｇｏｔｔｅｎｆｒｏｍｋｎｏｗｉｎｇｔｈｅｐercentage，ｉｆａｎｙ，

reservedbyaperiodicalforconsiderationandpublicationofagentedfic tion、Twoonthelistoftenpostedabove,ＧﾉjｍｍｅｒＴｍｉ７ｚＳｔｏ流ｅｓａｎｄＢｏｍｂ，

bothhighlyregardedfortheirshortfiction,showthattheyreserve１０％

ａｎｄ７０％respectivelyforagentedfictionwhichleavestheunrepresented writｅｒａｌｉｎｌ,667chanceｏｆｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｉｎｇｗｉｔｈＧＪｊｍｍｅｒＴｍ伽ａｎｄａｌｉｎ３３３ ｃｈａｎｃｅｗｉｔｈＢｏｍ６、Fjcrio",ｎｕｍｂｅｒｅｉｇｈｔｏｎｔｈｅｌｉｓｔ,offerspossiblythe bestodds,ｗｉｔｈｌｃｈａｎｃｅｉｎ７８ｏｎｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｅｎｄ,ｔｈｏｕｇｈｌｉｎｌ２０ｏｎｔｈｅｌｏｗ

ＴｈｅＳｈｏｒｔＳｔｏｒｙｉｓＤｅａｄＬｏｎｇＬｉｖｅｔｈｅShortStory． ^9３ end,whileAsj7'２０t(ｓｏｆｆｅｒｓａｌｉｎｌＯ６ｃｈａｎｃｅｔｏｓｕｂｍｉｔｔｅrsofsciencefic‐

ｔｉＯＴＬ

Ｔｈｅｏｄｄｓｆｏｒａｎｄａｇａｉｎｓｔｔｈｅｕｎsolicitedsubmissionmayseemto haｖｅｌｉｔｔｌｅｂｅａｒｉｎｇｏｎｔｈｅｓｔａｔｅｏｆｔｈｅshortstorymarket,untilyoucon‐

sideragainhowthoseoddsstandasonemeasureoftheaccessibilityof theshortstorymarkettotheunestablishedwriter,ｔｈｅｎｅｗｖｏｉｃｅＡｎｙ ｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｅｄｉｔｏｒsandcriticslrevieweddecriedthefact,astheysawit0 thatpublicationsｗｅｒｅｎｏｔｗｉｌｌｉｎｇｔｏｔａｋｅｃｈａｎｃｅｓｂｙｐublishingthework ofnewwriters・ConsideragaintheIVbmYb戒e尻Accordingtothefigures inthetableabove,ａｗｒｉｔｅｒｈａｓａｌｉｎ９６１ｃｈａｎｃｅｏｆｌａｎｄｉｎｇａｐｉｅｃｅｗｉｔh thatperiodicalThosearenotespeciallygoododds,butinreality,ｕｎｄｅｒ ｔｈｅｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｉｔｓｔｗｏｍｏｓｔrecenteditors,theoddsareworseeven thanthat:theunsolicitedwriteractuallyhaｓｎｏｈｏｐｅｏｆｓｅｅｉｎｇｈｉｓｏｒｈｅｒ ｗｏｒｋｉｎｔｏｐｒｉｎｔａｔｔｈｅハノbzuYmRlBe尻

KelliBrookeHaywoodinheressay,“TheStateofLiteraryMagazine Publishing,''２３calledformagazinesto“redefine］iterature，,bypublishing

"freshandcompletelynewmaterial.，，Suchmaterialwasrarelyaccepted，

sheclaimed.“Themagazineplacesthepiecesupforreviewo'1ｓｈｅwrote，

"iｎｔｈｅｌｉｇｈｔｏｆｅｖｅｒypiecethattheyacceptedbeforeit,makingitnearly impossibleforawritertobreakthrough.”Theresultofsuchintractability onthepartofeditors,assomeoftheirownnumberhavearguediscon- ventional,dulLcompetentlywrittenstories,`omodelsofoneanother,''２４that turnreadersoffCertainly,ｔｈｉｓｉｓｎｏｔａｓｉｔｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｌｎｆａｃｔ,ODssczJ沸 陀"tseditor,LindaBrownMichelson,ｉｎａｎｓｗｅｒｔｏｈｅｒｏｗｎｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｏｆ ｗｈｙｌｉｔeraryeditorscontinuetopublish“competentlywritten,shallow‐

heartedfiction,''ｓｔａｔｅｄｔｈａｔｉｎｐａｒｔ“editorialfatiguem'ｗａｓｔｏｂｌａｍｅ・An editorgrappleswithadelugeofsubmissions,ａｎｄｔｈｅｆａｔｉｇｕｅｂｒｏｕｇｈｔｏｎ ｂｙｔｈｅｍｉｎｄ－ｎｕｍｂｉｎｇｔａｓｋ,Coupled,ｓｈｅｓａｉｄ,onapersonallevelwitha growinglaｃｋｏｆｃｅｒｔａｉｎｔｙｉｎｈｅｒｏｗｎｌｉｔｅｒａｒｙｊudgmentbroughtonby daysandmonthsofsiftingthroughmaterial-“ａｔfirst,thepieceiswor‐

thyofcarefulattention;ａｔｅｎｄ,ａｎｏｄ,yes,ｔｈａｔｗａｓｇｏｏｄＡｄｏｕｂｔ－ｎｏ ｍａｇｉｃ？－ｂｕｔｉｔｗａｓｇｏｏｄ,wasn,tit?,'一ａｌｌｏｗｓ“erroneouschoices［to］

9４

creepintoprint.''Ｍｏｓｔｏｆｔｈｉｓｗｏｒｋ，ｆｏｒｗｈｉｃｈｓｈｅｃｏｉｎｅｄｔｈｅｔｅｒｍ“de‐

ceiving,，fiction,iscriticallyacceptable,butnotinnovative・Ａｎｄｍｏｓｔｏｆ ｉｔ,sheclaimed,cameoutofuniversitywritingprograms

TheAssociationofWriters＆WritingProgramsisanon-profitor‐

ganizationthatservesover28mOOOregisteredwriters、Theirstatedmission is“tofosterliterarytalentandachievement,toadvancetheartofwriting asessentialtoagoodeducation,andtoservethemakers,teachers,stu‐

dents,andreadersofcontemporarywritin9.''25ＡＷＰ，sinstitutionalmem‐

bershipincludes400collegesanduniversitiesand300graduateand400 undergraduatewritingprogramsinNorthAmerica,ＵＫ,Europe,ａｎｄＡｕｓ‐

traliaItlistsforitsmembersanadditional250writers，conferences,festi‐

valaandcenters・

Intheir2006AWPDirector，sHandbook,theorganizationreportsthat

"creativewritingｉｓｎｏｗｔａｕｇｈｔａｔｍｏｓｔｏｆｔｈｅ２,l00departmentsoflitera‐

tureinNorthAmerica,''ａｎｄｉｔｓ２００４ｆｉｇｕｒｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆmemberand non-memberuniversitieｓａｎｄｃｏｌｌｅｇｅｓｔｈａｔｏｆｆｅｒａｄｅｇｒｅｅ－ｆromAssoci‐

ａｔｅｏｆＡｒｔｓｔｏＰｈＤａｎｄＤｏｃｔｏｒｏｆＡｒｔｓｄegrees-increativewritingis 720.261,1975,accordingtoAWP,thatnumberwas8qwhichcalculatesto ａｎ800％increaseoverthenearlythirtyyearｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｎａｎｄ２００４

Itisthisproliferationofwritingprograms,somemaintain,ａｎｄｔｈｅ ｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｗｒｉｔｅｒｓｔｈｅｙｇｒａｄｕateandtheveryconventionalpoetrｙａｎｄ ｆｉｃｔｉｏｎｔｈａｔｃｏｍｅｓｏｕｔｏｆｓｕｃｈｐrogramsthathascausedstagnationand turnedoffreadersandeditorsalike,thathascausedalandslideofsubmis‐

sionsresultinginapublishingbottleneck,alittleliterarylogjam・Barbara Bazyn,ｉｎｈｅｒｅｓｓａｙ“ＯｕｔｏｆｔｈｅＳｌｕｓｈＰｉｌｅ,ＩｎｔｏｔｈｅＣａｎｙｏｎ:ＷｈａｔＤｏｅｓｌｔ ＭｅａｎｔｏｂｅＰｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ,”calledthisoverloadofsubmissionsasan"`abuseof thesystem.”Ｓｈｅwrote,“Ａｔｔｈｅｍｏｍｅｎｔ,weprobablyhaveseveralthou‐

sandpublished-butunreadpoetsteachingthousandsofcreativewriting studentshowtobecomepublished-but-unread・'''２７Thesameappliesto workshopfictionwritersandthefictiontheyproducelnherarticle,she calledonwriters“topracticeself-restraint,ａｎｄｔｏｄｉｓｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｍａｓｓｓｕｂ‐

mittingtheirworktomagazines.，'Ｔｈｅresult,sheargued,wouldbemaga‐

TheShortStoryisDead・LongLivetheShortStory． ^9５ zineswithonlyqualitymaterialontheirpages，adevelopmentthatin turnwoulddrawinmorereaders、

Idoubthercallforrestraintwillbeheededsolongascreativewriting programscontinueyearlytoturnoutwritersbythehundredsNonethe‐

less，sheposesaquestionthatwritersofshortfictionshｏｕｌｄａｄｄｒｅｓｓ ｗｈａｔｄｏｅｓｉｔｍｅａｎｔｏｂｅｐublishedandunread？Perhapsmosthave alreadyconsideredandansweredthequestion,butthepointis,asituation whereyearlyhundredsuponhundredsofstoriesgounreaddoesnothing topromotethegenｒｅ１ａｎｄｉｔｉｓｔｈｉｓｆａｉｌｕｒｅｔｈａｔｗritersandeditorsmust addressAdditionally，DabneyStuart，ａｗｒｉｔｅｒａｎｄａｆｏｒｍｅｒｅｄｉｔｏｒｏｆ ｔｈｅｌｉteraryjournalSﾉie"α"doah，suggestedthatperhapsitwasthe

"plethora,'ofliterarymagazines,“thejournalsthemselves［thatare］

outstrip[ing]theavailabilityoftheproduct・''261notherwords,thereisnot enoughgoodmaterialtofillthepagesofthemanyjournalsthatareout thereUnfortunately,inordertofillthosepages,thejournalsarepublish‐

ingworkthatiswanting,anditisthatlessthansatisfactorywork,ａｓＭｓ、

MichelsonofCPDssczmqemswasnotedaboveassaying,ｔｈａｔｉｓｂｅｉｎｇｏｆ‐

feredtoanever-dwindlingpoolofreadera

Andsotheargumentsｇｏ・Ｏｎｔｈｅｏｎｅｈａｎｄ,thesystemisproducing toomanywritersandthosetoomanywritersaregluttingthemarket,and ontheother,thejournalmarketissobloatedthatthepoolofwriters cannotmeetthedemandforearth-shakingprose・Eitherway,ｔｈｅｓｈｏｒｔ ｓｔｏｒｙｓｅｅｍｓｔｏbelesscapablyrepresentedthanitoncewas.＊

＊TheAmericanSocietyofMagazineEditorsliststhefollowingnumbersfor newfictionmagazinelaunchesandtheyearsoftheirappearance:５（1993);９ (1994);３（1995);３１（1996);４８（1997);５３（1998);５８（1999);６３（2000);６６（2001);３６ (2002);３１（2003)．Ashortandincompletelist,tobesurabutitdoessuggesta fictionmagazineindustryeverexpandingandrejuvenatingitself．

9６

￣●●－

℃"ｃｃα〃ｈｑｍＪｙ腕c"ijmWleshoγtsjo”〃o加αd[Jyswith0"tα〃obligzztoが

）匂2/ｉ２７Ｗ２ＣｅｒＯｉｔＳ加O流”"ｄＳｔａｔ２ａＳｔｈＯｔＪｇﾉZ仇ｅｄｅｍｉＳｅｑ／ﾉﾉｔｅＳａｍ?q〔ｍｙ Ｅ…f"ｇPDS/ｗｅ”αｃ"ｌｍｍｌｃａＺＵＳｔｍＰｈｅα"dhtmd形ｄＳｑ／deselPtﾉＺｎｇ ｓﾉ’０汀SIO"estUe”〃o、ﾉ､ｍｅ化sst(）α旅…α"dcertQi"bﾉmbljShe活fﾉbe抗一 Scﾉ1ﾉes,ＣＵＧ〃z(ﾉﾊﾙ短msj"ｇｔｏＰ〃"ｔｓ/tortsto1njCs,ｓｅｅｍ”"ｅ皿ﾉﾉﾉj"ｇｔｏ ａｄ腕itlﾉｍｒｊｈｅｓｊｍａｔｊｏ〃ｊｓｓｏ"ZeﾉｾozuZu加"９｡（"ShortStories,”ｂｙＪＤ、

０，Hara．」Ｗ”Ｙｂ戒Ｔｉ腕Cs､２６０ｃｔ1975.）

－●０－

Fewofthecommercialmagazinesthatatonetimecarriedsignificant amountsofshortfictionpublishanyofitthesedaysEithertheyhave droppedtheshortstoryfromtheirpages,ｏｒａｒｅｏｕｔｏｆｔｈｅｍａｇａｚｉｎｅｂｕｓｉ‐

nessaltogether・Ｔｈｅｆｅｗｔhatstillpublishshortfiction,publishsolittleof itthatthereadingpubliccanhardlybeexpectedtotakenotice，Ihave listedbelowveryabbreviatedshortstorypublishinghistoriesoften magazinesthatoncecarriedsｈｏｒｔｆｉｃｔｉｏｎｂｙｍａｎｙｏｆｔｈｅｌｅａｄｍｇｗｒiters oftheday羽：

Ｓα如氾fZyEDe"illgPbst（l821topresent・Circulation:２．７millioninl933，

growingtoover6millioninl960.）Asamplingofissuesfroml935-36and l959-60shows4and5shortstoriespublishedeachweek,sometimesalong withanovelserializationoranoveletteAuthorsincludeP.Ｇ・Wode‐

house,StephenVincentBenet,ConanDoyle,StephenCrane,andWilliam Faulkner・Currently，thePbsZpublishes,thoughveryrarely,reprintsof shortstoriesthatfirstappearedonitspages

TheRcdBooAB（l903topresent，Circulationbythelatel960，swas45 million.)Redboo虎,asitcametobecalled,beganasanall-fictionmagazine，

ａｎｄｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｆｉｖｅｓｈｏｒｔｓｔｏｒｉｅｓａｎｄｏｎｅｃｏｎｄｅｎｓｅｄｎｏｖｅｌｉｎｅｖｅｒｙｉｓｓｕｅ ｕｎｔｉｌｔｈｅｌ９７０，s・ＴｈｅＡｕｇｕｓｔｌ９６７ｉｓｓｕｅｌｉｓｔｓｎｉｎｅｓｈｏrtstories,ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ ｏｎｅｂｙｌｓｓａｃＢａｓｈｅｖｉｓSinger、RedbooA8alsocarriedworkbyF、Scott FitzgeraldandP､GWodehouse、Itnolongerpublishesfiction、

Ｈｂａ病ZIs"ぬmatiO“〃CosmOPoJjm〃（Ｈｂａ７ｓｔ１ｓｂｅｇａｎｉｎｌ９１４ａｎｄ ｍｅrgedwithCbsmoinl925,whichwasestablishedinl886、ＣＯＳ抗o,ｕｎｄｅｒ ｔｈｅｓｉｎｇｌｅｎａｍｅｆｒｏｍＡｐｒｉｌｏｆｌ952,hadacirculationofl,000,OOOinl968 1tspeakcirculationwas3,000,000.）ADecember1928issueshowsl2short

TheShortStoryisDead・LongLivetheShortStorv．^{￣ 9７} Stories,ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｏｎｅｂｙＷ､SMaugham,ａｎｄａｌｌｉｓｓｕｅｓｉｎｌ９６７ｓｈｏｗｏｎｅ ｏｒｔｗｏshortstories,aswellasamysterynovel,theAprilissueoffering onebyPatriciaHighsmith，ｔｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒｏｆＳ２ｍ"9℃ｧｓｏ〃ｃｚＴｍｉ〃ａｎｄＴ/ｚｅ Ｔ(M“teZZAf):RiPﾉey・OtherauthorsincludeMarkTwain,HenryJames，

BoothTarkington,MaximGorky,RingLardner,ＣｏｎａｎＤｏｙｌａａｎｄＤａｍｏｎ ＲｕｎｙｏｎＣｏｓ腕onolongerpublishesfiction

MbCCzJJ1s（1897-2002．Circulationgrewto6millionbyl960.）Asampl‐

ｉｎｇｏｆｉｓｓｕｅｓｆｒｏｍｌ９５９ｓｈｏｗｓ５ａｎｄ６ｓhortstorieseachmonth、

MbCzzJ庵ａｗｏｍａｎ'ｓmagazine,publishedworkbysuchwritersasF・Scott Fitzgerald,ShirleyJacksonBuddSchulberg,ＰｅａｒｌＳ・Buck,AnneTyler，

ａｎｄＴｉｍＯ，Brien，ＭｂＱｚｌｌ１ｓｉｓｄｅｆｕｎｃｔ

Ｌαdies,ＨｂｍｅﾉbzJmaﾉ（1883/８４ｔｏpresent・Itscirculationofl,000,000in l903grewto6,800,000ｂｙｔｈｅｌ９６０'s､）TheMayl893issueshowsfiveshort storiesDuringthel890'sthemagazinepublishedFrankR・Stockton (authorofTﾉDeLadyorthe7Yg膠γ?),HamlinGarland1andFrancisHodgson Burnett(LirtJeLomdF1〔zzJ"Z肥ｍｙ;ＴﾉﾘeSec”ZＧａｍｅ")．Otherauthorsinclude BoothTarkington,WillaCather,KatherineAnnePorter,IrvingWallace，

ａｎｄＪａｍｅｓＡ・Michener・Ladies,nolongerpublishesfiction・

Ｓｃ"b"〃IsMzgnzj"ｅ（1887-1939．Circulation:220,000.）TheDecember l912issueshowssixshortstories,includingonebyMrs.（Marie）Belloc Lowndes（authorof7WGLodge堀anearlyandmuchpraisedfictionaliza‐

tionoftheJacktheRippermurders)．AuthorsincludeRobertLouis Stevens０，，Ｊ．Ｍ，Barrie（ｏｆ彫彪γＰｔｍｆａｍｅ)，EdithWharton，Ernest Hemingway,ａｎｄＦ・ScottFitzgerald、Ｓｃγ⑰"er1sisdefunct、

SeDe"reg〃（l944topresentlthadacirculationｏｆ2,500,OOOinl949)．

ＴｈｅＡｕｇｕｓｔｌ９４９ｉｓｓｕｅｓｈｏｗｓ４ｓｈｏｒｔStories・Ａｕｔｈｏｒｓｗｈｏｈａｖｅａｐｐｅａｒｅｄ ｏｎｉｔｓｐａｇesincludeRayBradbury,EvanHunter/EdMcBain（anearly practitionerofthepoliceproceduralstory),AnneTyler,andSylviaPlath Amagazineforvounｇｗｏｍｅｎｔｈｅｓｅｄａｙｓｉｔｒｕｎｓａｎａｎｎｕａｌｓhortstory contest,butotherwisenolongerpublishesfiction

MZzde”oiseJJc（1935-200LItscirculationinthel950,ｓｒａｎｔｏ５００,000）

AuthorspublishedincludeWilliamＦａｕｌｋｎｅｒ，TennesseWilliamsガＲａｙ

9８

Bradbury,TrumanCapote,RobertPennWarren,CarsonMcCullers,Ｐａｕｌ Bowles,andJoyceCarolOatesThemagazine,beforeitceasedpublication in2001,ｈａｄｗｏｎ４３０・HenryAwardsforitsfiction

Stmy（1931-48；1960-63；1989-2000.Circulation:40,000.）Anautumn

l997issueofthisesteemedshortfiction-onlyjournalshowsl3shortsto‐

ries,ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｗｏｒｋｂｙＢｏｂｂｉｅＡｎｎＭａｓｏｎＡmongthewritersitpub‐

lishedwereTennesseeWilliams,JohnCheever,』．Ｄ，Salinger,Truman Capote,ＡｍｙＢｌｏｏｍ,ａｎｄJoyceCarolOates・Sm7yisdefunct・

Suchperiodicals,theirpublishersandeditors,championedtheshort storyanditsauthors,bringingtheirfictiontoavastaudience,ａｎｄgain‐

ingforitappreciation,ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｄｅｍａｎｄ:thecirculationtotalforthenine periodicals,usingpeakfiguresfromthelatel940Isthroughthe1960,s,ｗａｓ 27.6million.＊Ofcourse,beingpublishedinanyofthosewouldnothave guaranteedawriterlastingsuccessorfame,butitwouldhavebrought wideexposure,nottospeakofanicemonetaryaward・However,toreiter‐

ate:themagazinesjustnotednolongeraremarketsfortheshortstory、

Overtheyears,hundredsofperiodicalsthatoncepublishedshortfiction havegonetheirway・

Some300periodicals,representedby2100shortstories,havebeen featuredintheeighty-niｎｅｖｏｌｕｍｅｓｏｆＴﾉｊｅＢｅｓｔＡｍｅγj、〃Ｓ/２０汀Sto流es sinceitsinaugurationinl915、Ofthose300periodica1s,l96nolongerpub‐

lishshortstoriesand/orhaveceasedpublication,whileninety-ninecon‐

tinuetodoso.（Thepublicationstatusofanotherfivewasunavailable.）

Asecondannualanthology，ｔｈｅ０．ＨＣｍｎｙＰｒｊｚｅＳｍ流es，boastingvery nearlyaslongahistoｒｙａｓＢｅｓｊ,ｓｈｏｗｓｍｕｃｈｔｈｅｓａｍｅａｔｔｒｉｔｉｏｎｒａtefor theperiodicalsthathavebeenrepresentedinitsvolumes，

Ｔｈｅｓｅｒｉｅｓｗａｓｂｅｇｕｎｉｎｌ９１８ａｓａｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｔｏｔｈｅｗｒｉｔｅｒＯ・Henry,ｗｈｏ ｈａｄｄｉｅｄｉｎｌ９１ｑＴｈａｔｆｉｒｓｔｙｅａｒａcommitteeselectedafirst-bestanda second-beststorywrittenbyanAmericanandpublishedbyanAmerica、

掌Ｉｎｌ９５２Ｌｉ/bmagazinepublishedErnestHemingway'slongshortstory（or novella）ｍｈｅＯｌ‘Ｍｚ〃α"αtheseα、Theissuecontainingthisstorysold5`300,OOO copiesinonlytwodays．

TheShortStoryisDead・LongLivetheShortStory． ^9９ magazine,andpresentedacashprizeThefollowingyearacollectionof theyear，sbestshortstorieswaspublishedⅡandthathasbeenthepattern everyyearsinceCurrently,ａｓｅｒｉｅｓｅditorchooses20storiesfromamong 2,500-3,000ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｉｎ２４０ｏｒｓｏＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎａｎｄＣanadianmagazines，A juryofthreewritersthenchoosesthetop-threeprizewinnersThough firstpublishedbyDoubleday,theseriescurrentlyispublishedbyAnchor Books,apartofRandomHouse，sVintagePress，ThestatedgoaloftheO HCれびanthologywasatitsinceptioninｌ９１９ａｎｄｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｓｔｏｂｅ“to strengthentheartoftheshortstory､''3０

ofthe228magazinesandjournalsrepresentedinOHC"”since1919, onlyseventy-twostillpublishshortstoriesFurther，ofthetopthirty publicationsonthｅＯＨｂ"びlist（ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｔｉｍｅｓａ ｐublicationhasbeenrepresented)，fourteennolongerpublishfiction，

rarelypublishit，orhaveceasedpublicatiorLThatnuｍｂｅｒｇｒｏｗｓｔｏ ｔｗｅｎｔｙ－ｓｅｖｅｎｏｆｔｈｅｔｏｐｆｉｆｔｙｏｎｔｈｅｌｉｓｔ，andtoforty-threeofthetop seventy-five

ThethirdannualanthologylwillconsideristhePtｨshca汀ＰｒｉｚａＢｅｓｔ ｑﾉﾉﾉｚｅＳｍα〃Ｐ'泡ssesAnarticleonPzdsﾉzcaγjappearingintheonlinever‐

sionofPbets＆Ｗ７ｔｊｅ７ｓｑｕｏｔｅｓａｊＷｕﾉＹｍｂＴｊｍｅｓＢｏｏ虎RefﾉjCzuascallingit

"`[the］singlebestmeasureofthestateofaffairsmAmericanliterature today､'''31Beguninl976byBillHenderson，whoinl972hadestablished PushcartPress,thecollectionfeaturestheyear'ｓｂestshortstories,ｐｏｅｍｓ ａｎｄｅｓｓａｙｓｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｂｙｓｍａｌｌpressesandliterarymagazines.＊

nJshcαγtreceivesyearlysome8,OOOandmoresubmissions（short story,poetry,essaylOfthel63magazines,journalsandpresseswhose shortstorieshavebeenrepresentedinPzdshcaがＰ'?jzel976-2005，ninety・

threestillpublishshortfiction,ｆｉｆｔｙ－ｅｉｇｈｔｎｏｌｏｎｇｅｒｄｏｓｏｏｒｈａｖｅｃeased publicationaltogether,andsixhavesuspendedsubmissions.（Ｔｈｅｐｕbli‐

cationstatusofanothersixwasunavailable.）

Ｔｈｅｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｌｉｓｔｉｎｇｓｆｏｒperiodicalsorpressesrepre‐

＊HJshczJrtlsearlyclaimtofamewasitsself-described“discovery,,ofRaymond Carver．

100

sentedinBCsムＱＨｂ"XyandPzJs"Ｃａ〃ｃｏｍｅｓｔｏ691．Butadjustingfirstfor thenumberamongthosethatstillpublishshortStories（264ofthe691)，

andthenforduplication,ｔｈａｔis,forthosethatarelistedinmorethaｎｏｎｅ ｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｒｉｅｓ（seventy-twosuchoccurrences),thetotalforrepresented periodicalsandpressesstillpublishingshortfictiondropstoamerel92・

Ｗｈａｔｔｈｉｓｍｅａｎｓｉｓｔｈａｔｓｏｍｅ４２７ｓｈｏｒtstoryvenues,despitetheirrepre sentationinonｅｏｒｍｏｒｅｏｆｗｈａｔａｒｅａｒｇｕａｂｌｙｔｈｅｍｏｓtesteemedshort storyanthologiespublishedinNorthAmerica，nolongerpublishshort fictionand/orhaveceasedpublicationaltogether・

Thelifeofliterarymagazmeshasbeenestimatedatfromfivetoeight yearsThereasonsforthisseeminglyshortspan,ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｆｏｒｔｈｅａｔｔｒｉ‐

tionamongperiodicalsthathaveseenrepresentationinoneormoreof theanthologieslistedabove,arenumerous,andwouldincludeachangein thecommitmentofapublisher,ashiftinaperiodicaTsfocusonfictionto otherformsofwriting,marketingconcernsthatwouldseemoreprofit‐

ａｂｌｅｕｓｅｏｆｓｐａｃｅｔｈａｎｔｏｒｅｓｅｒｖｅｉｔforshortfiction，andalackofthe necessaryfundstokeepamagazineorjournalgoing.＊Also,adeclinein thenumberofsubscriberstothemagazineshashaditsadverseeffecton themarket,adeclinethatcanbeattributableiｎｐａｒｔａｔｌｅａｓｔｔｏｔｈｅｃｈａｎｇ‐

ingreadinghabitsofthepublic、

ＴｈｅＮＥＡｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｉｎＪｕｎｅｏｆ２００４ｔｈｅresultsofa2002study,the Szd”2ｙｑ／PzJbJicPb"iciPati０打、ノノ2ＧＡγts,asegmentofwhich,entitled ReadmgqtRisAB:ＡＳ"１Ｗｙｑ/Ljtem”Ｒｅα`j71gj〃Ａ机c”cqdealtwithliter‐

acyintheUnitedStates､３２Ｔｈｅｓｕｗｅｙｓａｍｐｌｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｅｄｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎ17,000 individuals,ａｎｄｉｔｓｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｗｅｒｅｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄｗｉｔｈｓimilarsurveysdonein l982andl992・Itaskedrespondentsifintheprevioustwelvemonthsthey hadreadanynovels,shortstories,playsorpoetryintheirleisuretimｅｉｎ ａｎｙｐｒｉｎｔｆｏｒｍ,includingthelnternet,ｏｆａｎｙｔｙｐｅ,ｆｒｏｍromancenovels toclassicalpoetry．

事Whicheverofthosereasonsappliestopublishersandperiodicalsmayapplyto literarypressesaswell,ｂｕｔｉｔｉｓｔｈｅｆｏｒｍｅｒｔｈａｔｆｏｒｔｈｅｍｏｓｔpartIamaddress‐

ｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒ．

TheShortStoryisDead・LongLivetheShortStory． ¹⁰¹ Ｔｈｅｄａｔａｇａｔｈｅｒｅｄｓｈｏｗｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｉｍportanceofliteraturehadde‐

clined，especiallyamongyoungerpeople、Ｌｅｓｓｔｈａｎｈａｌｆｏｆｔｈｅａｄｕｌｔ Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎpopulationnowreadsliterature,thesurveyshowed,whilethe percentageoftheU・Sadultpopulationreadingbookshasdeclineddra・

maticallyoverthepasttwodecades.（R“｡i?ugatRjsﾉｾ,２８）Readinghas declinedamongwhites,AfricanAmericans,Hispanics,menandwomenof aUeducationlevels，amongallagegroups，withthesteepestdecline amongtheyoungestagegroups・Thereasongivenforthisacross-the boarddeclineisthepublic,sincreasedparticipationinelectronicmedia：

thelnternetⅢvideogames,andportabledigitaldevices、Ｔｈｅpublic,then，

isturningawayfromreading,andtothosemediaforitsinformationand entertainmentquickfixes．

“Readingabookrequires…activeattentionandengagement,',Dana Gioia,ＣｈａｉｒｍａｎｏｆＮＥＡｗｒｏte．“Bycontrast,mostelectronicmediasuch astelevision…ｍakefewerdemandsontheiraudience.…Eveninterac‐

tiveelectronicmedia,suchasvideogamesandthelnternet,fostershorter attentionspansandacceleratedgratification.”(Readj72gajRjSAB,vii）

Ｂｅｔｈａｔａｓｉｔｍａｙ,ＭｓＴｏｒｒａｎｃｅｉｎｈｅｒＭay2004articlecounterswith this:“Ｉｔｗｏｕｌｄｂｅｅａｓｙｔｏｂｌａｍｅｔｈｅｄｅｃｌｉｎｅoftheshortstoryonshort attentionspans.…Butwouldn，tatrendfavoringeconomy［inentertain‐

ｍｅｎｔａｎｄｎｅｗｓｍｅｄｉａ］resultinshortstoriesbeingmoねpopular？Ste‐

phenKingsellsmillions,ａｎｄanyoneofhislaternovelsisheavｙｅｎｏｕｇｈ ｔｏｋｉｌｌａｃａｔ（inhardcoveranyway).０，Severalothershortstorymarket observerssuggestedeventhatitwastheshortstoryosinaccessibilitythat waskeepingitfromthepublic,ｔｈｅａｒｇｕｍｅｎｔｏｎｔｈｅｏｎｅｈａｎｄｂｅｍｇｔｈａt shortfictionwaspoorlymarketed,ａｎｄｏｎｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｔｈａｔｉｔｄｅｍａｎｄｅｄｔｏｏ ｍｕｃｈｏｆｉｔｓａｕｄｉｅｎｃｅ，turningoffreaders：ｕｎｌｉｋｅwiththecommercial novel,ｔｈｅａｎａｌｏｇｙｇｏｅｓ,ａｒｅａｄｅｒｃａｎｎｏｔｔａｋｅａｌｅｉｓｕｒｅｌｙｓｔｒollthrougha shortstory,whereeverywordlikeeverystepcounts、

ＴｈｅｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｔｈｅＮＥＡｒｅｐｏｒｔｄｒａｗｓｉｓｔｈａｔ“atthecurrentrateof loss,literaryreadingasaleisureactivitywillvirtuallydisappearinhalfa century.,,Ｗｈａｔｔｈａｔｗｏｕｌｄｍｅａｎｆｏｒｔｈｅｓｈｏｒｔｓｔoｒｙ－ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｆｏｒｔｈｅ

102

novelandpoetry-ifsuchtranspiresjsthatevenifitiswrittenand published,ｏｎｅｄａｙｔｈｅｒｅｍａｙｂｅｏｎｅａｔｈｏｍｅｔｏｒｅａｄｉｔ．

“`Ｔｈｅｐｉｅｉｓｇｅｔｔｉｎｇｃｕｔｉｎｔｏｓｍａｌｌｅｒａndsmallerpieces,”saidDavid Lynn,editoroftheKC?Zyo〃Ｒｅ"je".“Agoodliteraryjournaldoesnotneed tofightforauthors,Itneedstofightforreaders､IngeneraLliterary magazinesareindirestraightsbecausereadershipisdecliningandmany morepublicationsarefightingforthatreadership.'，'型

ＴｈｅsituationappearsverybleakYet，ｏｎｃｅagain，otherevidence indicatesthatthesｔａｔｅｏｆ“literatureparticipation''ｉｎＡｍｅｒｉｃａｉｓｎotin thedirestraitsthestudysuggests,andthatevidencecomesfromtheverｙ ｓａｍｅＮＥＡｓｔｕｄｙ:Novels,shortstories,poetry,andplaysattractsome96 millionpeople.＊Twenty-fivemiUionadultsreadpoetry、Novelsandshort storieshaveanaudｉｅｎｃｅｏｆ９３ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎＡｂｏｕｔｏｎｅｉｎｓｉｘｐeｏｐｌｅｒｅａｄｌ２ｏｒ ｍｏｒｅｂooksperyear、Ｔｈｅ２００２ｓｔｕｄｙａｌｓｏｓｈｏｗｓｔｈａｔｓｏｍｅl5million peoplewrotecreativeworksoftheirown.(ReadiPZgajRjsA2,２９）Twenty‐

sevenmillionreportedthattheyhadtakenacreativewritingclassor lessonatsomepointintheirlives.(RezzdmgaZRisだ,２２）

Undoubtedly,thereisavastaudienceforliteratureShortstorywrit‐

ｅｒｓａｎｄｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｒｓｎｅｅｄｔｏｆｉｎｄａｗａｙｔｏｔａｐｉｎｔｏｉｔ,ａｎｄｂｙｔｈａｔ,tobe rediscovered

-OO-

ＹＺ】ｈｅｑｉｌｍｅ"“ﾉzaZjSdesjmyj7ZgZheqrtq/仇eshortstoひj〃仇fsco””

…ｊｓｔｈｅｃｏｍ抗e”iaJsUn"damthqtmlesi〃ｅ“o流ａｌｑ/:/Yces…α"ｄｂｅ‐

ｙｏ"ｄﾉﾉie腕，ｚＤｊｔｈｊｈｅ”bJicq／f加加α〃花taste,ｊｆｌｔ化ｃ"J〃”α"。／０t(）

Ｓｍ"｡［zms.”("DeclineandFalloftheShortStory."jVb2uyb沈Ｔｉ机Cs､２３ Decl923.）

－０●－

ＦｒｏｍｔｈｅＯ・Ｈｂ"７qylist（1919t02005),Igiveinthefollowingtableits toplOpublications,determinedｂｙｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｔｉｍｅｓａｐｅｒｉｏｄｉｃａｌｈas appearedonthelisLThecirculatiｏｎｎｕｍｂｅｒｓａｒｅｔａｋｅｎｆｒｏｍｔｈｅ２００５

＊Thatnumberhasnotshownanincreasesincel982:"Theincreaseinbopula‐

tionhasallowedtheoveraⅡnumberofpeoplereadingliteraturｅｔｏｒｅｍａｉｎｓｔａ‐

ble.…''（Razdj"ｇａｔＲｊＳﾉｾ,２１）

TheShortStoryisDead・LongLivetheShortStory・

Table２

103

ｕｎｍＨ■

牝

mm27nWLf〃亥rwD

jVbDeJ＆Ｓﾉ’０γtＳｍ?ｑｙＷ７ｆｔｅｒＩｓＭｔｚ戒etforthoseperiodicalsstillpublishing shortstoriesandfromothersourcesforthosethataredefunct,ｏｒｉｎｔｈｅ ｃａｓｅｏｆＴ/ＤＢＳα“ｍＺＺｙＥ"e"mgPbsAthatnolongeracceptsubmissions,and fortherecord,Ionceagainindicatewhetherornotthemagazineorjour‐

nalisstiUpublishingshortstories・Finally,Ｉｎｏｔｅｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆａｐｐｅａｒ‐

ａｎｃｅｓｅａｃｈｈａｓｍａｄｅｏｎｔｈｅＯ・Ｈｂ"かlist.＊

Ａｓｙｏｕｃａｎｓｅｅ,ｔｈｒｅｅｏｆｔｈｅｔｏｐｅｉｇｈｔ－ＨｍＰｅγもBfzzα“MZzde?"0j‐

Sc比,andSZmy-haveceasedpublication,despiteallhavingahistoryof publishingshortfictionthatdatesfroｍｔｈｅｍｉｄｌ９３０'s,withacombined totalofl37appearaｎｃｅｓｉｎＯ.〃e"か,ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓａｐｐｅａｒａｎｃｅｓｉｎＢｅｓＺａｎｄ，

forＳわび,inPzJshazγLApparently,though,thoseaccomplishmentswere notenoｕｇｈｔｏｓｕｓｔａｉｎｔｈｅｍ・Asstatedpreviously,Ｔ'zeScz〃7ｍｚｙＥＤｅ刀j7zg Pbs‘numberfouronthelist,publishestherarereprintofastorythatfirst

、ThecirculationnumbersfortheKb”o〃ａｎｄＹロノeRcuie皿ｓｓｔａｎｄａｓａｒｅｍｉｎｄｅｒ ｏｆｔｈｅｍａｒｋｅｔａｕdienceawritercanexpectifpublishingmaliteraryorlittle magazine．

Periodical Circulation Currentlypublishing shortstories？

Ｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆ ａｐｐｅａｒａｎｃｅｓ ｏｎｏＨｂ"FZノ list ＴｈｅﾉＶｂｚＵＹｂ沈Ｇ７ 7500000 Ｙｅｓ（norecordinrecent

yearsofhavingpublished unsolicitedfiction）

177

TﾉjeAt/α"ZjCMb"ZﾉMｙ 5000000 Ｙｅｓ（annual､onlyissue） ¹¹⁸ HZzゆ〃芯Mzgzzzi"２ 230,000 Ｙｅｓ（queryrequiredbefore

submission）

117

Ｔﾉﾘe

Pbst ｓα〃？、ｚｙＥｔﾉe"i'9９ ^350,000 Reprints ^5２

Ｂａゆｅｒ芯Ｂｃｚｚｑａｒ ^{711,000 Defunct 5１}

Mtzde腕oiseJ！ｅ L200,000 ^{Defunct 4３}

Stoび 40,000 ^{Defunct 4３}

Ｅｓ９ｍ花 ^750,000 Yes（rarelyacceptsunso‐

licitedfiction） ^4１

Th2Ke"yo"R…００’ ^{5,000 Ｙｅｓ}

Theytz肥R…”’７．０００

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appearedinitspages,andtheAtJamicA⑰"ﾒﾉMy,numbertwowithitsll8 appearances,hasrelegatedshortstoriestoanannualnewsstand-onlyfic tionissue・Es9z4舵，ｎｕｍｂｅｒｅｉｇｈｔｏｎｔｈｅｌｉｓｔｗｉｔｈ４１ａｐｐｅarancesand boastingacirculationｏｆ750,000,notesin卯O5W7jteγlsMtz沈etthatitdoes publishshortfictio､,ｂｕｔ“[r]arelyacceptsunsolicitedsubmissions､０，ｓｏ，

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