博 士 論 文 概 要

Graduate School of Creative Science and Engineering Waseda University

博 士 論 文 概 要

Doctoral Thesis Synopsis

論 文 題 目

Thesis Theme

Streetscape Formation under the Impacts of Tourism Activities in Historic Quarters of Asian

Countries

申 請 者 (Applicant Name)

Yee Sing TEH

テ イーシン

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Research on Landscape and Aesthetics of Infrastructure

December, 2016

As economy in Asian countries grow rapidly, historic quarters in old inner cities have undergone a major transformation. Although development has once led to the loss of the identity of historic quarters in old inner cities, rehabilitation and regeneration of historic quarters are increasingly recognized as efficient tools for urban development because they enable a synthesis of cultural values with economic opportunities and benefits. The value of cultural heritage to tourism has been discovered, and tourism of historic aspects in historic quarters has been significantly grew. Consequently, new elements of tourism business activities have been developed.

Somehow, exploitation of cultural resources to meet the needs of tourism led to loss of authenticity of historic streetscape in some historic quarters because no effective control methods were implemented, particularly regarding mass tourism activities.

Previous studies on rehabilitation methods and revitalization strategies in old inner cities were based on individual case studies, and analysis related to multiple scopes has been inadequate. For example it was found that there is a need to assess the impacts of tourism on the “physical environment,” “sociocultural environment,”

and “economic environment,” particularly in Asian countries experiencing rapid growth due to globalization.

Thus, to achieve sustainability, it is necessary to examine the relationships of socioeconomic factors to streetscape formation when considering conservation methods for historic quarters under the impacts of tourism.

By dealing with the issues above, interdisciplinary approaches are needed for addressing the physical and social aspects of the impact of tourism on historic streetscape. Besides, it is important to clarify the mechanism of streetscape formation to assess the feasibility of historic streetscape preservation efforts aiming to sustain historic quarters of Asian Countries. This study provides a way to identify the mechanisms of historic streetscape alterations because of tourism. From the methodological perspective, all information collected by this study could be used in practice to identify the effects of tourism. This study aimed to identify the impacts of tourism on streetscape conditions in Asian countries’ historic quarters from different perspectives by engaging the detailed site survey and compared the several case studies that is considered important as an indicator of and reference for streetscape guideline implementations, planning, and management.

Chapter 1 introduces the objectives of the study for achieving goal and outlines the structure of the dissertation. This study aimed to grasp the actual conditions of streetscapes being impacted by tourism in Asian historic quarters and presents the formation of streetscape in historic quarters.

Chapter 2 presents a literature review on the relationships between tourism activities and historic streetscapes. It is important to understand the problems of tourism activities and their relationships to historic streetscapes in Asian historic quarters because of the rapid growth and development occurring in Asia countries.

The literature review is organized and introduces the methodology used to meet the study’s objectives.

No.1

As a preliminary study, Chapter 3 describes the differences in rehabilitation methods, revitalization strategies, policy making process and determines the implications by comparing the different characteristic of city areas of rapidly growing cities in Asia: George Town Heritage Core Zone, Hanoi Ancient Areas, Tianzifang and Xintiandi in Shanghai, and Yanaka in Tokyo. The outcomes of this chapter were applied to determine the selection of study areas and methodologies for further study in next chapters.

Chapter 4 discusses the study areas and guideline implementations by comparing the case studies and the spatial dynamics of the historic quarters in relation to tourism spots to determine the characteristic of the areas.

The study areas are the historic quarters of George Town Heritage Core Zone, Hanoi Ancient Areas, Hoi An Ancient Areas, and Siem Reap Old Areas. The relationship among development agendas, conservation movements, and tourism development are the main factors used to grasp the conditions of streetscape formation under the impacts of tourism. Then, Space Syntax (axial map analysis and segment angular analysis) was used to identify the most integrated area in each study site. The characteristics of those areas are further identified by examining the locations and types of tourist spots.

Chapter 5 analyzes the streetscapes of George Town Heritage Core Zone, Hanoi Ancient Quarter, Hoi An Ancient Quarter, and Siem Reap Old Quarter through typology classification of tourism business activities in the study sites. The results found similarities and differences among George Town, Hanoi, Hoi An, and Siem Reap through the use of a proposed typology based on streetscape characteristics (local function, foreign experience, local experience, and tourism products) according to streetscape elements of the main target market, secondary target market, and physical elements on facades. Differences were found in the application of conservation methods and implementations of policies related to tourism. All areas were similarly impacted by tourism, which is the main impact on streetscape formation and is directly observable in current activities and façade elements.

Chapter 6 analyzes the adaptive reuses of historic buildings for tourism business activities in historic quarters of George Town to identify the adaptive reuse pattern of the historic buildings because of tourism business activities and to identify the significance of adaptive reuses to sustaining the vitality of the historic quarters. A site survey was conducted to observe the adaptive reuses and business activities. An interview survey was conducted with selected individuals at the site. The survey included questions on the pattern of adaptive reuse of entire buildings, business elements and styles, and building’s and business owners’ attributes. Detailed case studies were performed to deepen understanding of adaptive reuse. The results found a tendency and pattern of partial or full reuse depending on the type of tourism business activity. Three types of business owners were identified as newcomers, survivors, and sustainers, and the decision-making process was determined according to owner type.

No.2

Last, Chapter 7 concludes the dissertation by applying the results of the study to a case study and discussing applications of the results. The study employed macro and micro scale in an interdisciplinary approach to examine the impacts of tourism on streetscapes in historic quarters. The proposed typology classification of tourism business activities could clarify the characteristics of streetscapes and their changes under the impact of tourism. The case study on George Town was used to explain the outcomes of the study. A concept master plan was proposed according to the streetscape characteristics proposed by the typology. The methodology can be a reference for further study on the impacts of tourism and to guide implementation of guidelines to control the exploitation of local identities, streetscape control and traffic flows in historic quarters.

No.3

No.1

早稲田大学 博士（工学） 学位申請 研究業績書

(List of research achievements for application of doctorate (Dr. of Engineering), Waseda University)

氏 名

Yee Sing, TEH

( )

（

As of Feb, 2017

(By Type)

題名、 発表・発行掲載誌名、 発表・発行年月、 連名者（申請者含む）(theme, journal name, date & year of publication, name of authors inc. yourself)

①

Journal Paper

○①-1

○①-2

②

Oral Presentation

②-1

②-2

②-3

③

Report

③-1

④

Poster Presentation

④-1

A Study of Historic Quarter Streetscapes Based on Typology of Tourist-oriented business activity. – A Study Case of George Town and Hanoi –

JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS (D1 Landscape Design Category) by Japan Society of Civil Engineers. Vol. 4 (2016) No. 1 p. 152-165. TEH YEE SING, SASAKI YOH.

The Method of Rehabilitation and Revitalization Strategy in Old Inner City of Asian Rapid Growth Cities. – Comparison of Four Cities: Hanoi, Penang, Shanghai and Tokyo –

URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING REVIEW by City Planning Institute of Japan.

Vol. 3 (2016) p. 1-20. TEH YEE SING, SASAKI YOH.

The Method of Rehabilitation and Revitalization Strategy in Old Inner City of Asian Rapid Growth Cities.

– Comparison of Four Cities: Hanoi, Penang, Shanghai and Tokyo –

THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CITY PLANNING 2014: Prospect of Planning for Megacity Region by City Planning Institute of Japan and others Asian City Planning Society.

TEH YEE SING, SASAKI YOH.

Rehabilitation and Conservation Framework of Old Inner Area in Asian Mega Cities.

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHALLENGES OF EXTENDED MEGA URBAN REGION 2013: The Changing Face of South East Asia and the World by University National of Malaysia. TEH YEE SING, SASAKI YOH.

A Study on Mechanism of Lifestyle Change: Changes Pattern of Housing Facade in Traditional Japanese Town, Gujo Hachiman, Japan.

International Association for People-Environment Studies, INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 2011, by IAPS-CSBE & HOUSING Network. TEH YEE SING, SASAKI YOH.

Urban Conservation As A Real Estate Development Strategy For Revitalizing The Inner City of George Town, Penang.

Prepared for Ministry of Finance Malaysia INSPEN (National Institute of Valuation) & Naprec (Real Estate Research & Development Grant Scheme). 2009.

Lee Lik Meng et al. TEH Yee Sing (Co-author)

郡上八幡町における住環境の変遷実態とその要因に関する研究 – 行政の取り組みと住 民意識の調査を通して–

第8回 景観・デザイン研究発表会2012, 土木学会. テ・イーシン, 佐々木葉.