¸ðêºìàðØ²Ü Ð²ØºØ²î²Î²Ü
ìºðÈàôÌàôÂÚàôÜ
Ù³ëÁ, áñáÝó ëïÇåí³Í »Ý µ³Ëí»É »ñÇ-ï³ë³ñ¹Ý»ñÁ, ³ÛÝåÇëÇÝ »Ý, áñ ¹ñ³Ýó
¹ñë¨áñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõ-ÃÛáõÝÝ ÁÝÏÝáõÙ ¿ ¹ñëÇó áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇ Ï³Ù áñ¨¿ µ³ÝÇ íñ³, ¨ Ñ»Ýó ³Û¹ å³ï׳éáí ¿É Ó¨³íáñíáõÙ »Ý Çé³óÇáÝ³É Ñ³Ùá½ÙáõÝù-Ý»ñ: Àݹ áñáõÙª ³å³óáõóí³Í ¿, áñ Çé³-óÇáÝ³É Ñ³Ùá½ÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ÷áËϳå³Ïó-í³Í »Ý ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ×³Ý³ãáÕáõÃÛ³Ý
³ý»ÏïÇí ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï:
гßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí ³ÛÝ Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÁ, áñ ëåáñïÁ ¨ ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³ÏïÇíáõÃÛáõÝÁ áñáß ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ »Ý áõÝ»ÝáõÙ Ù³ñ¹áõ ³Ý-ѳï³Ï³Ý ¹ñë¨áñáõÙÝ»ñÇ íñ³, ¨ ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉáí, áñ Çé³óÇáÝ³É Ñ³Ùá½ÙáõÝùÝ»-ñÁ ѳïáõÏ ¹»ñ áõÝ»Ý ³ÙµáÕç³Ï³Ý ³Ýѳ-ï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ó¨³íáñÙ³Ý ·áñÍáõÙª ëáõÛÝ Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ Ù»ñ ÏáÕÙÇó ³é³-ç³¹ñí»ó Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ýå³ï³ÏÁ. ûëï³íáñ-Ù³Ý ¨ ѳٻٳï³Ï³Ý í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇ-çáóáí µ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»É Ù³ñ½ÇÏ ¨ áã Ù³ñ½ÇÏ áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÇ Çé³óÇáÝ³É Ñ³Ùá½ÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ
¹ñë¨áñÙ³Ý ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ:
лﳽáï³Ï³Ý ÁÝïñ³ÝùÁ ѳݹÇë³-ó»É »Ý Æñ³ÝÇ ´áñáõç»ñ¹ ѳٳÉë³ñ³ÝÇ ï³ñµ»ñ Ù³ëݳ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ëáíá-ñáÕ áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÇó å³ï³Ñ³-ϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý ëϽµáõÝùáí ÁÝïñí³Í 18–25 ï³ñ»Ï³Ý 120 ³ñ³Ï³Ý ë»éÇ Ý»ñϳ۳-óáõóÇãÝ»ñ: öáñÓ³ñ³ñ³Ï³Ý 1–ÇÝ ËáõÙµÁ (ØÊ) ϳ½Ù»É »Ý ëåáñïáí ³ÏïÇí ½µ³Õ-íáÕ 60 áõë³ÝáÕ–Ù³ñ½ÇÏÝ»ñ, ÇëÏ 2–ñ¹ ËÙµáõÙ (àôÊ) Áݹ·ñÏí»É »Ý 60 áõë³ÝáÕ–
áã Ù³ñ½ÇÏÝ»ñ:
Ø»Ýù »Ýó¹ñáõÙ »Ýù, áñ ëåáñïáí ³Ï-ïÇí ½µ³Õí»ÉÁ µ³ñÓñ³óÝáõÙ ¿ ëáódzɳ-Ï³Ý Ñ³ñÙ³ñÙ³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ù³Ý½Ç ÏáÕÙÝáñáßáõÙ ¿ Ù³ñ½ÇÏÇÝ ¹»åÇ
³ÛÝ Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ýá-ñ»Ý ϳåí³Í »Ý Ýñ³ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»-ñÇ Ñ»ï, ¨ áñáÝó Ýí³×áõÙÝ áõÝÇ Ù»Í í³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: Àëï »ñ¨áõÛÃÇÝ, ³Û¹ ѳ-Ùá½ÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý Ñ³çáÕáõ-ÃÛáõÝÁ µ³ñÓñ³óÝáõÙ ¿ ÇÝùݳñ¹Ûáõݳí»-ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ ëáõµÛ»ÏïÇ ÇÝùݳ·Ý³Ñ³-ï³Ï³ÝÁ, ÇÝãÝ ¿É ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ¿ ³½¹áõÙ ëáódz-É³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñÙ³ñÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóóÇ íñ³:
²Ûë »ñ¨áõÛÃÇ ³ÝÓݳÛÇÝ ¹ñë¨áñáõÙÝ»ñÝ áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»Éáõ ѳٳñ Ñá·»³Ëïáñáß-Ù³Ý Ù»ç Ùß³Ïí»É »Ý Çé³óÇáÝ³É Ñ³Ùá½-ÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïáÕ ï³ñµ»ñ ѳñ-ó³ñ³ÝÝ»ñ ¨ ûëï»ñ: ¸ñ³Ýó ß³ñùÇÝ »Ý
¹³ëíáõÙ §æáÝëÇ Çé³óÇáÝ³É Ñ³Ùá½-ÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ñó³ñ³ÝÁ¦ (Irrational beliefs inventory of Jones, 1968), ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨
ÂÇ-·»ñÙ³ÝÇ, γëëÇÝáíÇ, ÎñÇßÇ (Kassinove, Crisci, Tiegerman, 1977), ´³Ûë¹»ÝÇ (Bais-den, 1980), ÞáñÏÇ ¨ àõ³ÛÃÙ³ÝÇ (Shorkey and Whiteman, 1977) ÏáÕÙÇó Ùß³Ïí³Í ë³Ý¹Õ³ÏÝ»ñÁ: Üßí³Í ûëï»ñÇ í³Éǹáõ-ÃÛáõÝÝ áõ Ñáõë³ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳëï³ïí»É »Ý Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ³Ýóϳóí³Í ÷áñ-Ó³ñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ѻﳽáïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí:
»ëï³íáñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ù»ñ ÏáÕÙÇó ÁÝïñí»ó §æáÝëÇ Çé³óÇáÝ³É Ñ³Ùá½-ÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ (IBI)¦ ѳñó³ß³ñÁ, ù³Ý½Ç ïíÛ³É Ù»Ãá¹ÇϳÛáõÙ óáõó³µ»ñí³Í ¿ Çé³óÇáÝ³É Ñ³Ùá½ÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ³Ëïáñáß-Ù³Ý Ñ³Ù³ÉÇñ Ùáï»óáõÙ, ¨ ³ÛÝ Ù³ïã»ÉÇ ¿ ÏÇñ³éáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ë³Ï»ïÇó: Ø»Ãá¹ÇÏ³Ý Ý»ñ³éáõÙ ¿ Çé³óÇáÝ³É Ñ³Ùá½ÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïáÕ 10 ã³÷áñáßÇãÝ»ñ, áñáÝóÇó Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ݳ˳ï»ëí³Í »Ý 10–³Ï³Ý ѳñó»ñ (Áݹ³Ù»ÝÁª 100 ѳñó):
²Û¹ ã³÷áñáßÇãÝ»ñÝ »Ý` 1) ѳí³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý
³ñųݳݳÉáõ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÁ, 2) µ³ñÓñ
³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ëå³ë»ÉÇùÝ»ñÁ (ϳ٠ѳçá-Õ³Ï áõ ³ñųÝÇ ÉÇÝ»Éáõ íëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝÁ), 3) ùÝݳ¹³ï»Éáõ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ, 4) ѳ-ϳ½¹Ù³Ý ýñáõëïñ³ódzÝ, 5) Ñáõ½³Ï³Ý
³Ýå³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ, 6) ³Ý-ѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ ﳷݳå³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ, 7) ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇó Ëáõë³÷»ÉÁ, 8) ϳËí³-ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ, 9) ÷áËí»Éáõ ³ÝϳñáÕáõÃÛáõ-ÝÁ, 10) å»ñý»ÏóÇáÝǽÙÁ ¥Poosh, 1999¤:
гñó³ß³ñÇ ÑÇÙùáõÙ ÁÝÏ³Í ¿ ȳÛÏ»ñ-ïÇ ë³Ý¹Õ³ÏÁ, áñÇ ¿áõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿ ѳñóíáÕÝ»-ñÇÝ ÙÇ ß³ñù åݹáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙÁ, áñáÝó Ýñ³Ýù ³ñÓ³·³ÝùáõÙ »Ý`
û·ï³-·áñÍ»Éáí Ñݳñ³íáñ å³ï³ë˳ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÝ»ñÁ. §ÉÇáíÇÝ Ñ³Ù³-Ó³ÛÝ »Ù¦ – 5, §Ñ³Ù³Ñ³Ù³-Ó³ÛÝ »Ù¦ – 4, §ã·Ç-ï»Ù¦ – 3, §Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ ã»Ù¦ – 2, §ÉÇáíÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ ã»Ù¦ – 1: ȳÛÏ»ñïÇ ³Ûë
5–Ùdz-î
î²²ððÆÆøø²²ÚÚÆÆÜÜ ººìì Øز²ÜÜÎβ²ìì²²ððÄIJ²Îβ²ÜÜ ÐÐàබºº´´²²ÜÜààôôÂÂÚÚààôôÜÜ
íáñ³Ýáó ë³Ý¹Õ³ÏÇ Ñݳñ³íáñ å³ï³ë-˳ÝÝ»ñÁ ÷á÷áË»Éáõ ÙÇçáóáí ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿
¹ñ³Ýù ÁݹɳÛÝ»É ÙÇÝ㨠ÛáÃǪ ³í»É³óÝ»Éáí
§Ù³ë³Ùµ¦ ¨ §Ñ³í³Ý³µ³ñ¦ ï³ñµ»ñ³Ï-Ý»ñÁ: Ø»Ýù ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ïí»óÇÝù 5–Ùdz-íáñ³Ýáó ï³ñµ»ñ³Ïáí:
Ø»Ãá¹³µ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó ³Ûë ѻﳽáïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳٳñíáõÙ ¿ Ýϳ-ñ³·ñáճϳݖѳٻٳï³Ï³Ý, áñáõÙ
·ñ³ÝóíáõÙ »Ý Çé³óÇáÝ³É Ñ³Ùá½ÙáõÝù-Ý»ñÇ ³ý»ÏïÇí ï³ññ»ñÁ (Áëï æáÝëÇ`
§IBI¦): Ø»Ýù ³é³ÝÓݳóñ»É »Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É
³é³Ýóù³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ëϳóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. ѳ-Ùá½í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõÕÇ ¿, áñÇ ÙÇçáóáí
³ÝÓÁ ׳ݳãáõÙ ¿ ÇÝùÝ Çñ»Ý (Garshabi,
1999), Çé³óÇáÝ³É Ñ³Ùá½ÙáõÝùÝ»ñ, »ñµ Ù³ñ¹Ý ³Ýï»ëáõÙ ¿ Çñ å³ñï³íáñáõ-ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ ß»ßï³¹ñáõÙ ÙdzÛÝ å³Ñ³Ýç-ÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ (ShafiAbdi, 1995), ³Ýѳï³-ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ ¥Etkinson, 1997¤, ³ÝÓݳÛÇÝ áñ³ÏÝ»ñ, Ù³ñ½ÇÏ ¨ áã Ù³ñ½ÇÏ (Ramazi Nejad, 1994):
лﳽáïáõÃÛ³Ý ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ ËÙµ³-íáñí»É ¨ Ùß³Ïí»É »Ý íÇ׳ϳ·ñáñ»Ý (ÙÇ-çÇÝ Ãí³µ³Ý³Ï³Ý, ÙÇ(ÙÇ-çÇÝ Ãí³µ³Ý³Ï³ÝÇ ù³é³Ïáõë³ÛÇÝ ß»ÕáõÙ, ѳٳѳñ³µ»-ñ³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñͳÏÇó): öáñÓ³ñ³ñ³-Ï³Ý ËÙµ»ñáõÙ ëï³óí³Í ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ñ³-ٻٳï³Ï³Ý óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳ó-í³Í »Ý ³ÕÛáõë³Ï 1–áõÙ:
î
î²²ððÆÆøø²²ÚÚÆÆÜÜ ººìì Øز²ÜÜÎβ²ìì²²ððÄIJ²Îβ²ÜÜ ÐÐàබºº´´²²ÜÜààôôÂÂÚÚààôôÜÜ
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 1 سñ½ÇÏÝ»ñÇ ¨ áã Ù³ñ½ÇÏÝ»ñÇ Çé³óÇáÝ³É Ñ³Ùá½ÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ
íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ
̳Ýáó·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. * – Ýßí³Í »Ý íÇ׳ϳ·ñáñ»Ý ѳí³ëïÇ ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ:
¹ â³÷áñáßÇãÝ»ñ ÊÙµ»ñ n X δ
1. гí³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñųݳݳÉáõ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝù ØÊ 60 25,97 5,42
àôÊ 60 27,55 5,04
2. ´³ñÓñ ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ëå³ë»ÉÇùÝ»ñ ØÊ 60 29,70 5,20
àôÊ 60 30,63 4,49
3. øÝݳ¹³ï»Éáõ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ ØÊ 60 29,65 4,60*
àôÊ 60 31,48 4,47*
4. гϳ½¹Ù³Ý ýñáõëïñ³ódz ØÊ 60 27,90 4,75
àôÊ 60 29,92 4,10
5. Ðáõ½³Ï³Ý ³Ýå³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ ØÊ 60 24,42 5,02*
àôÊ 60 27,13 4,86*
6. ²ÝѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ﳷݳå³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ ØÊ 60 29,89 5,80
àôÊ 60 30,40 5,20
7. ÊݹÇñÝ»ñÇó Ëáõë³÷áõÙ ØÊ 60 23,07 3,88*
àôÊ 60 29,93 4,83*
8. γËí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ ØÊ 60 29,5 4,18
àôÊ 60 30,22 4,48
9. öáËí»Éáõ ³ÝϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ØÊ 60 24,23 2,27*
àôÊ 60 28,89 3,84*
10. ä»ñý»ÏóÇáÝǽ٠ØÊ 60 30,13 4,47
àôÊ 60 29,75 4,49
´áÉáñ Çé³óÇáÝ³É Ñ³Ùá½ÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ØÊ 60 274,32 24,09*
àôÊ 60 291,32 21,68*
ÆÝãå»ë óáõÛó ¿ ï³ÉÇë ³Ù÷á÷Çã ³Õ-Ûáõë³ÏÇ íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ñ³-ٻٳï³Ï³Ý í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ, Áëï Çé³-óÇáÝ³É Ñ³Ùá½ÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçÇݳóí³Í
·áõÙ³ñ³ÛÇÝ óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ` Ù³ñ½ÇÏÝ»ñÇ
¨ áã Ù³ñ½ÇÏÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³é-ٳٵ ¿³Ï³Ý ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ãϳÝ:
²Û-¹áõѳݹ»ñÓ, ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ã³÷áñáßÇãÝ»ñÇ
¹Çï³ñÏáõÙÁ µ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»ó Ñ»ï¨Û³É ³ñ-ï³Ñ³Ûïí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ. Ù³ñ½ÇÏÝ»ñÇ ßñç³-ÝáõÙ ³é³í»É µ³ñÓñ ÙÇçÇÝ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÁ ѳ-Ù³å³ï³ë˳ÝáõÙ ¿ å»ñý»ÏóÇáÝǽÙÇÝ (30,40), ÇëÏ áã Ù³ñ½ÇÏÝ»ñÇ ßñç³ÝáõÙ µ³ñÓñ ÙdzíáñÝ»ñ Ýϳïí»É »Ý` Áëï ùÝ-ݳ¹³ï»Éáõ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛ³Ý (31,48):
ØÇçËÙµ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ÷áñÓ³-ñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ å³ïÏ»ñ³íáñ Ó¨áí Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý Ýϳñ 1–áõÙ:
̳Ýáó·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. 1 – ѳí³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñųݳݳ-Éáõ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝù, 2 – µ³ñÓñ ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ëå³ë»-ÉÇùÝ»ñ, 3 – ùÝݳ¹³ï»Éáõ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ, 4 – ѳ-ϳ½¹Ù³Ý ýñáõëïñ³ódz, 5 – Ñáõ½³Ï³Ý ³Ýå³-ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ, 6 – ³ÝѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ﳷݳå³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ, 7 – ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇó
Ëáõë³-÷áõÙ, 8 – ϳËí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, 9 – ÷áËí»Éáõ ³Ýϳ-ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, 10 – å»ñý»ÏóÇáÝǽÙ:
Üϳñ 1. سñ½ÇÏ ¨ áã Ù³ñ½ÇÏ áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÇ Çé³óÇáÝ³É Ñ³Ùá½ÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ¹Ç³·ñ³ÙÁ
ÆÝãå»ë »ñ¨áõÙ ¿ Ýϳñ 1–Çó, ÙÇçËÙµ³-ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ íÇ׳ϳ·ñáñ»Ý Ý߳ݳϳÉÇ ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ¿ µ³ó³-ѳÛï»É Áëï Ñ»ï¨Û³É ã³÷áñáßÇãÝ»ñÇ.
§Ñ³í³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñųݳݳÉáõ å³Ñ³Ýç-ÙáõÝù¦` Ù³ñ½ÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ùáïª 5,42, ÇëÏ áã Ù³ñ½ÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ùáïª 5,04 (P≤ 0,10) ¹»åùáõÙ,
§ùÝݳ¹³ï»Éáõ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõݦ`
Ù³ñ½ÇÏÝ»-ñÇ Ùáïª 4,60, áã Ù³ñ½ÇÏݻٳñ½ÇÏÝ»-ñÇ Ùáïª 4,47 (P ≤ 0,029) ¹»åùáõÙ, §Ñ³Ï³½¹Ù³Ý ýñáõëïñ³ódz¦` Ù³ñ½ÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ùáïª 4,75, áã Ù³ñ½ÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ùáïª 4,10 (P≤0,014) ¹»å-ùáõÙ, §Ñáõ½³Ï³Ý ³Ýå³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõ-ÃÛáõݦ` Ù³ñ½ÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ùáïª 5,02, áã Ù³ñ½ÇÏ-Ý»ñÇ Ùáïª 4,86 (P≤0,003) ¹»åùáõÙ,
§ËÝ-¹ÇñÝ»ñÇó Ëáõë³÷áõÙ¦` Ù³ñ½ÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ùáïª 3,88, áã Ù³ñ½ÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ùáïª 4,83 (P≤0,001)
¹»åùáõÙ, §÷áËí»Éáõ ³ÝϳñáÕáõÃÛáõݦ`
Ù³ñ½ÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ùáïª 2,27, áã Ù³ñ½ÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ùáïª 3,84 (P≤0,001) ¹»åùáõÙ:
гïϳÝß³Ï³Ý ¿ ݳ¨ ³ÛÝ, áñ Çé³óÇá-Ý³É Ñ³Ùá½ÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ³Ëïáñáßí³Í ã³÷á-ñáßÇãÝ»ñÇó ÙdzÛÝ å»ñý»ÏóÇáÝǽÙÇ ÙÇçÇ-ݳóí³Í óáõó³ÝÇßÝ ¿ ³í»ÉÇ µ³ñÓñ »Õ»É Ù³ñ½ÇÏÝ»ñÇ ßñç³ÝáõÙ, ÇëÏ Ùݳó³Í µáÉáñ óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ µ³ñÓñ »Ý áã Ù³ñ½ÇÏ–áõë³-ÝáÕÝ»ñÇ ßñç³ÝáõÙ: ²ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõ٠ϳñáÕ »Ýù
÷³ëï»É, áñ Ù³ñ½³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÁ,
¹ñ³Ï³Ý ³Ý¹ñ³¹³éݳÉáí Ù³ñ½ÇÏÝ»ñÇ
Ñá-·»µ³Ý³Ï³Ý Ï»ñïí³ÍùÇ íñ³, Ýå³ëïáõÙ ¿
³ÝÓÇ Ñ³Ùá½ÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ §³éáÕç³óÙ³ÝÁ¦:
Üßí³Í ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ ÁݹѳÝñ³óáõÙÁ Ù³ïݳÝßáõÙ ¿ ³ÛÝ, áñ Ù³ñ½ÇÏÝ»ñÝ Áëï ûëï³íáñÙ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ã³÷áñáßÇãÝ»-ñÇ ½ÇçáõÙ »Ý áã Ù³ñ½ÇÏÝ»ã³÷áñáßÇãÝ»-ñÇÝ, ÇÝãÁ Ýß³-ݳÏáõÙ ¿, áñ Áëï ÙÇçÇÝ óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ, Çé³óÇáÝ³É Ñ³Ùá½ÙáõÝùÝ»ñáí Ù³ñ½ÇÏ-Ý»ñÝ ³í»ÉÇ ùÇã »Ý (274,32), ù³Ý áã
Ù³ñ-½ÇÏÝ»ñÁ (291,32), Ýñ³Ýó ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ-Ý»ñÁ ¨ë ѳí³ëïÇ Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý (P≤0,001): ²ÛëåÇëáíª Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ÷³ëï»É, áñ Ù»ñ ÁÝïñ³ÝùÇ Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹-ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ áñáß ³ëïÇ׳Ýáí ѳٳÑáõÝã
»Ý ³ÛÉ Ñ»ï³½áïáÕÝ»ñÇ »½ñ³Ï³óáõ-ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ (Skandel, 1965, Suzan and Erikson’s, 1993 ¨ áõñÇßÝ»ñ):
²Ûë µáÉáñ ³ËïáñáßÇã ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Áݹ-ѳÝñ³óáõÙÁ áñáß³ÏÇáñ»Ý óáõÛó ¿ ï³ÉÇë, áñ ëåáñïáí ³ÏïÇí ½µ³Õí»ÉÁ Ýå³ë-ïáõÙ ¿ »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹áõÃÛ³Ý ßñç³ÝáõÙ ¹Ç-ï³ñÏí³Í Çé³óÇáÝ³É Ñ³Ùá½ÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÇ Ýí³½»óÙ³ÝÁ: êï³óí³Í ³ñ¹-ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ ϳ½Ùí»É »Ý åñ³Ï-ïÇÏ Ñ³ÝÓݳñ³ñ³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ Ù³ñ½ÇãÝ»ñÇ ¨ ýǽÏáõÉïáõñ³ÛÇ áõëáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
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î²²ððÆÆøø²²ÚÚÆÆÜÜ ººìì Øز²ÜÜÎβ²ìì²²ððÄIJ²Îβ²ÜÜ ÐÐàබºº´´²²ÜÜààôôÂÂÚÚààôôÜÜ
¶ð²Î²ÜàôÂÚàôÜ
1. Besharat, Mohammad Ali, Abasi, Gholam Reza (2007) To Assign sport Success in both group and individual sports according to passion–clever among Exercise Scholars in Tehran University.
2. Bolurian, Hasan(1993) Sport and the psychological Higence, Sport Magazine, Excise Press, N.89–90.
3. Etkinson (1997) he Evaluation of Personality, than By Okhovat, Vali Alah Danshmand, Tehran University press.
4. Garshabi, Gholam Reza(1999), Hanraz, Resa Institute, Tehran.
5. Khalji, Hassan(1994) The physical Actions and their Psychological Advantages, Sport Maga-zine, Excize Press, N 19.
6. Naderi, Eat Alah–Self Naraghi, Maryam (1995) The comparison of self–sacrifier, paralyzed, male athletesathletes with common people, sport Magazine, sport organ press, Iran.
7. Perchosska, James–Nurkras, Johncee(2002) The psychological treatments Ideas translated by Yahya Said Mohammdi, Roshd Press, Tehran.
8. Ramazi Nejad, Rohim(1994) The comparison between athlete and non–athlete students per-sonality factors, Thesis if Tehran University Tarberiat Modares University.
9. Sahebi, Kazem(1998), The comparisons between athlete and non–athlete students in Tarbeiat Moalem University, Tehran.
10. Shafi Abdi, AbdoAlah,(1995) The Ideas of consults and the psychological treatments, Markaz, Nashr Press, University, Tehran.
ÑÐÀÂÍÈÒÅËÜÍÛÉ ÀÍÀËÈÇ ÏÐÎßÂËÅÍÈß
ÈÐÐÀÖÈÎÍÀËÜÍÛÕ ÓÁÅÆÄÅÍÈÉ Ó ÑÏÎÐÒÑÌÅÍÎÂ È ÍÅÑÏÎÐÒÑÌÅÍÎÂ
ßÄÎËËÀÕ ÀÇÀÄÈ
 äàííîé ðàáîòå ïîñòàâëåíà öåëü èññëåäîâàòü ïðîÿâëåíèÿ èððàöèîíàëüíûõ óáåæäåíèé ó 120 ñòóäåíòîâ ìóæñêîãî ïîëà óíèâåðñèòåòà Àçàä (60 ñïîðòñìåíîâ è 60 íåñïîðòñìåíîâ). Äëÿ èññëåäî-âàíèÿ äàííîãî ôåíîìåíà áûëà âûáðàíà ìåòîäèêà Ëàéêåðòà, ñóòü êîòîðîé çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ â ïðåäú-ÿâëåíèè ðåñïîíäåíòàì ñåðèè óòâåðæäåíèé, íà êîòîðûå îíè ðåàãèðóþò îòâåòàìè ïî ñîîòâåòñòâóþ-ùåé øêàëå. Ñðàíèòåëüíûé àíàëèç äàííûõ ïîêàçàë, ÷òî ñïîðòñìåíû ïî îñíîâíûì ïàðàìåòðàì òåñ-òèðîâàíèÿ óñòóïàþò íå ñïîðòñìåíàì, à ýòî îçíà÷àåò, ÷òî ïî ñðåäíèì ïàêàçàòåëÿì ó ñïîðòñìåíîâ èððàöèîíàëüíûõ âåðîâàíèé ìåíüøå ÷åì ó íåñïîðòñìåíîâ.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MANIFESTATIONS
OF IRRATIONAL BELIEFS AMONG BOTH ATHLETE AND NON–ATHLETE
YADOLLAH AZADI This paper aims to explore the manifestations of irrational beliefs in 120 male students of the University Azad (60 athletes and 60 non–athletes). To study this phenomenon was chosen method of Likert, which is based in the presentation of a series of statements to respondents, to which they respond to answers by the corresponding scale. Sranitelny data analysis showed that the athletes on the basic parameters of testing is not inferior to athletes, which means that on average the ath-letes index irrational beliefs less than non–athath-letes.
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î²²ððÆÆøø²²ÚÚÆÆÜÜ ººìì Øز²ÜÜÎβ²ìì²²ððÄIJ²Îβ²ÜÜ ÐÐàබºº´´²²ÜÜààôôÂÂÚÚààôôÜÜ
سñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ ³Ù»Ý ÙÇ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ µ³ñ¹ ¿ áõ µ³½Ù³ÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ, µ³Ûó ³Û¹
µ³ñ-¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ áõ µ³½Ù³ÏáÕÙ³ÝÇáõÃÛáõÝÁ
·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ½³Ý³½³Ý Ó¨»ñáõÙ ï³ñ-µ»ñ ã³÷»ñÇ ¿ ѳëÝáõÙ: Îñïë»ñ ¹åñáó³-ϳÝÝ»ñÇ ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõ-ÃÛ³Ý ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÁª Ó»éùÇ ³ß˳-ï³ÝùÁ, ϳñáÕ ¿ ÙÇçáó ѳݹÇë³Ý³É ·»-Õ³·Çï³Ï³Ý ׳߳Ï, ëï»Õͳ·áñÍ³Ï³Ý áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, ÇÝùÝáõñáõÛÝ Ùï³ÍáÕáõ-ÃÛáõÝ ½³ñ·³óÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ: ²ÛÝ ·»Õ»óÇ-ÏÇÝ Ñ³Õáñ¹³ÏÇó ¹³ñÓÝ»Éáõ Ññ³ß³·áñÍ, Ýáõñµ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿:
´³½áõÙ ³é³ç³¹»Ù ÏñÃ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³-ϳñ·»ñáõÙ Ó»éùÇ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ß³ï í³-Õáõó û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ ¿ áñå»ë ³ñ¹Ûáõ-ݳí»ï ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ, ÙÇçáóª ³ß³-Ï»ñïÝ»ñÇ ÇÝï»É»ÏïÇ ¨ Ñ᷻ϳÝÇ
½³ñ-·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: ¸ñ³ ÑÇÙùÁ åñ³Ï-ïÇÏ–³é³ñÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿, áñÁ »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ï³ÉÇë µ³ñ¹, í»ñ³ó³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñùÇÝ (³Ýï»ë³Ý»ÉÇ) áÉáñïÇó ï»Õ³÷á-Ë»Éáõ ³ñï³ùÇÝ (ï»ë³Ý»ÉÇ) áÉáñïª
¹³ñÓÝ»Éáí ¹ñ³Ýù ³í»ÉÇ Ñ³ëϳݳÉÇ:
ä³ñ½ ¿, áñ ó³Ýϳó³Í Ó»éùÇ ³ß˳ï³Ý-ùÇ ã¿, áñ ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ï³É ³Û¹åÇëÇ ÇÙ³ëï:
ºÃ» ³é³çÇÝ åÉ³Ý »Ý ÙÕíáõÙ ÙdzÛÝ Ï³-ï³ñáÕ³Ï³Ý ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, »Ã» ³ß³-Ï»ñïÝ»ñÇ ³éç¨ ¹ñíáõÙ »Ý å³ïñ³ëïÇ Ï³Õ³å³ñÝ»ñ, ³å³ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ Ù»Ýù áõÝ»ÝáõÙ »Ýù áã û ½³ñ·³ó³Í ³Ýѳï,
³ÛÉ ÙdzÛÝ §í³ñÅ Ó»éù¦, áñÁ ÑÙïáñ»Ý ϳ-ï³ñáõÙ ¿ µáÉáñ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: ²Ûë-ï»Õ ²Ûë-ï»ÕÇÝ ¿ ÑÇᯐ ì.². êáõËáÙÉÇÝëÏáõ Ëáëù»ñÁ. §²ß³Ï»ñïÝ»ñÇÝ Ññ³ÙóÝ»Éáí å³ïñ³ëïÇ ×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, ÁݹѳÝ-ñ³óáõÙÝ»ñ, Ñ»ï¨áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñª áõëáõóÇãÁ Ýñ³Ýó Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ãÇ ï³ÉÇë ÝáõÛ-ÝÇëÏ Ùáï»Ý³Éáõ ÙïùÇ ¨ ϻݹ³ÝÇ ËáëùÇ
³ÕµÛáõñÇÝ, ϳåáõÙ ¿ Ýñ³Ýó »ñ³½³ÝùÇ,
»ñ¨³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý, ëï»Õͳ·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ã¨»ñÁ: ºñ»Ë³Ý ϻݹ³ÝÇ, ³ÏïÇí, ·áñ-ÍáõÝ ¿³ÏÇó Ñ³×³Ë ÷áËíáõÙ ¿ ³ë»ë ÑÇ-ßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»Ë³ÝǽÙÇ... à°ã, ³Û¹å»ë ãå»ïù ¿ ÉÇÝÇ: âÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇÝ
³ñï³ùÇÝ ³ß˳ñÑÇó µ³Å³Ý»É ù³ñ»
å³ñëåáí: ²ß³Ï»ñïÇÝ ãÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ½ñÏ»É Ñá·¨áñ ÏÛ³ÝùÇ áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝÇó: Üñ³ Ñá·¨áñ ÏÛ³ÝùÁ ÉdzñÅ»ù ¿ ¹³éÝáõÙ ³ÛÝ
¹»åùáõÙ, »ñµ ݳ ³åñáõÙ ¿ ˳ÕÇ, Ñ»ùdz-ÃÇ, »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛ³Ý, »ñ¨³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý, ëï»Õͳ·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý ³ß˳ñÑáõÙ: ²é³Ýó
¹ñ³Ýó ݳ ÏÝÙ³ÝíÇ ãáñ³ó³Í ͳÕÏǦ:
Îñïë»ñ ¹åñáó³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ
³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ¹³ëïdzñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ ÇÝùݳÝå³ï³Ï ã¿: ²Û¹ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ËݹñÇ Ñ»ï¨áõ٠óùÝí³Í ¿ ³í»ÉÇ ÏáÝÏñ»ï Ýå³ï³Ï, ÇÝãåÇëÇÝ ¿ Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ-Ý»ñÇ, ÇÝùÝáõñáõÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý, ݳ˳ӻéÝáõ-ÃÛ³Ý, ¹ÇïáճϳÝáõݳ˳ӻéÝáõ-ÃÛ³Ý, ѳëï³ï³Ï³-ÙáõÃÛ³Ý, ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåí³Í ³ß˳ï»Éáõ, ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý, ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñ ѳÕóѳñ»Éáõ áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ϳ-ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¹³ëïdzñ³ÏáõÙÁ: ÆëÏ áñå»ë½Ç ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ¹³ëïdzñ³-ÏáõÃÛ³Ý µáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳ½ÙáÕ ³ß-˳ï³ÝùÇ µáÉáñ ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÁ Ýå³ëï»Ý
»ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇ Ñ᷻ϳÝÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÁ,
³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿, áñ Ýñ³Ýù ³ÏïÇíáñ»Ý Ûáõ-ñ³óÝ»Ý ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ ¨ ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ¹³ Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿ ¹³éÝáõÙ,
»ñµ áõëáõóÇãÝ»ñÁ ѳïáõÏ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ
»Ý ¹³ñÓÝáõÙ »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇ ×³Ý³ãáÕ³Ï³Ý Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ó¨³íáñÙ³ÝÁ:
Îñïë»ñ ¹åñáóáõÙ §î»ËÝáÉá·Ç³¦
³é³ñϳÛÇ ¹³ë»ñÇÝ »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÁ ݳËݳ-Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý Ó»éù µ»ñáõÙ, ͳÝáóÝáõÙ »Ý ï³ñµ»ñ ÝÛáõûñÇ Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ,
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