周法高 中国語文研究 訳注
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(2) ISSN 1345-8604. 神戸市外国語大学. 研究叢書 2016 第. 59. 号. 周法高 中国語文研究 訳注 ◉. 太田 斎. 神戸市外国語大学外国学研究所.
(3) 神戸市外国語大学 . 研究叢書 2016 第. 59. 号. 神戸市外国語大学外国学研究所.
(4) Monograph Series in Foreign Studies no.59, 2016. 周法高. 中国語文研究. 太田. 訳注. 斎. Research Institute of Foreign Studies Kobe City University of Foreign Studies. 2016.
(5) 中国語文研究 『中国語文研究』（現代国民知識叢書 第三輯） 中華文化出版事業委員会1955.12, 166p.；中文出版社再版 1970. 周法高.
(6) 神戸市外国語大学 研究叢書第59号. 周法高. 中国語文研究. 訳注. ⮬ᗎ ୰ᅜㄒᏛࡣ₎ㄒࡢཱྀㄒཬࡧᩥㄒࢆ◊✲ᑐ㇟ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㡢㡩ࠊカネࠊᩥἲࠊ ᩥᏐࡢ㸲ࡘࡢศ㔝ࢆྵࡴࠋ୰ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᙧࠊ㡢ࠊ⩏ࡢ㸱ศ㔝 ศࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࠋഌᏗ┿㸦ഌ᪁ᖺ㸧ඛ⏕ࡢ ࠕᩥᏐゝㄒࢆࡈࡗࡕࡷࡋ࡚ㄽࡎࡿࡢࡣࠊኚ࡞㛫㐪࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕᩥ ᏐᏛࠖࡣᙧែࠊ㡢ኌࠊカネࡢ୕㒊㛛ศࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㸦ཝᐦゝ࠼ࡤࠊ㸧ࡇࡢ୕ 㒊㛛୰ࠊᙧែࡔࡅࡀᩥᏐᏛ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡢࡘࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶゝㄒᏛᒓࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ࡲࡓ࠼ࡤࠊࠗㄝᩥゎᏐ࠘ࡔࡅࡀᮏ᮶ࡢព࡛ࡢᏐ᭩࡛࠶ࡾࠊᚋࡢࠗᖸ⚘Ꮠ᭩࠘ ࡞ࡣ⣧↛ࡓࡿᏐᙧࡢᏐ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠗᗈ㡩࠘ࠊࠗ㔘ྡ࠘ࠊࠗ⋢⠍࠘࡞ࡣయࡢ ࡇࢁࠊࢀࡶཱྀㄒㄒᙡ㎡ゝ࠺ࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᚋ௦ࡢேࡣᏐぢ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋᡃࠎࡀ⌧ᅾࠊᏛࢇ࡛࠸ࡿእᅜㄒࡣⱥㄒࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࠊࢻࢶㄒ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊỴࡋ ࡚ⱥᩥࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫᩥࠊࢻࢶᩥ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࠊㄗࡗ࡚ⱥᩥࠊἲᩥࠊᚨᩥ࠸ࡗࡓࡼ ࠺ࠕ㹼ᩥࠖ⛠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢㄗࡾࡣከࡃࡢ㒔ྜࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࠚゝㄒ ᏛࡢᴫᛕࡀᩥᏐᏛࡣࡗࡁࡾ༊ูࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊゝㄒᏛࡣ࠸ࡘࡲ࡛⤒ࡗ࡚ࡶⓎᒎ࡛ ࡁ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠙㸹ࡑࢀࠕㄒࠖ㸦ヰࡋゝⴥ㸧ࠕᩥࠖ㸦᭩ࡁゝⴥ㸧ࢆ୍⥴ࡃࡓ ࡋ࡚ㄽࡌࡿࡇࡣࠊ⣧⢋࡞ࠕㄒࠖࡢᩥᏛࡢⓎᒎࢆጉࡆࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢⓎᒎࡣ୰ ᅜࡢᑗ᮶ࡢᩥᏛࡢ⬦ᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞ពࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠚࠋࠖ㸦ࠗ୰ᅜ ྂ௦ᩥྐㅮ⩏࠘ࠗഌᏗ┿ඛ⏕㞟࠘➨2୰⦅ୖp.17㸹ࠗഌ᪁ᖺ㞟࠘➨1p.22(022) l.4-8 ࠙ࠚࡣᘬ⏝ᙜࡾ┬␎㸧 ࠸࠺ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡣṇṇ㭀ࢆᑕࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡇࠐᖺ᮶ࡢ୰ᅜ ㄒᏛࡣࡦࡓࡍࡽ❧ࡕṆࡲࡿవ⿱ࡶ࡞ࡃ⊛Ⅿ࡞ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻ࡛✺ࡁ㐍ࢇ࡛᮶ࡓࠋ୍㠃࡛ࡣ ⏥㦵ᩥࠊ㔠ᩥࡢゎ㔘ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࠊᩥᏐᏛࡢ㡿ᇦࡀࡁࡃᗈࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋูࡢ㠃࡛ࡣ㏆ ௦ゝㄒᏛࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜࡢゝㄒࡢ◊✲ࡀᚎࠎ⛉Ꮫⓗ◊✲ࡢ㐨ࢆṌࡴࡼ࠺ ࡞ࡗࡓ̿̿㡢㡩ࡢ㠃࡛ࡣ⌧௦ㅖ᪉ゝࡢᏐ㡢ᩥ⊩ṧࡉࢀࡓグ㘓ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ྂ ཬࡧୖྂࡢ㡢㡩ࡀᵓࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࠊᩥἲࡢ㠃࡛ࡣࠗ㤿Ặᩥ㏻࠘௨ᚋࠊᑡ࡞ ࡽࡠయ⣔ⓗ࡛⏬ᮇⓗ࡞ⴭసࡀ⌧ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀẚࡿẚ㍑ⓗ❧ࡕᚋࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࠊカネࡢ㠃࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࡇࢀࡲ࡛࠸ࡃࡘぢࡿࡁࡶࡢࡀ ࠶ࡗࡓ㸦Ḣ⡿ࡢពㄽ Semantics ࡢ◊✲ࡋ࡚ࡶࡸࡣࡾ࡞ࡾ㐜ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࠋ ᑠⴭࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ୍ࡘࡣ୰ᅜࡢゝㄒࠊᩥᏐࡢᛶ㉁ࡘ࠸࡚ㄞ⪅ẚ㍑ⓗ᫂ᬓ࡛ලయ ⓗ࡞ᴫᛕࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲ࡢᡂᯝࢆࡊࡗ⤂ ࡋ࡚ࠊࡢࡼ࠺◊✲ࡍࡁࠊࡲࡓᚋࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ຊࢆධࢀࡿࡁࢆᥦ. 2. i.
(7) ii. 太田. 斎. ♧ࡍࡿࡇ࠶ࡿࠋ Ẹᅜ 42,3 ᖺ⚾ࡣྎ‴Ꮫ࡛୰ᅜㄒᏛ≉Ṧㅮ⩏ࢆᢸᙜࡋࡓ㝿㈨ᩱࢆ㞟ࡵࡓࠋࡑ ࡋ࡚ཤᖺࡢ⛅ࡽᖺࡢኟࡅ࡚ࠊ୍Ẽ㸯㸯⠍ࡢᩥ❶ࢆ᭩࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆࡲ ࡵ࡚ࠗ୰ᅜㄒᏛ◊✲࠘ࡅࡓࠋ ᮏ᭩ࡣ୰ኸ◊✲㝔Ṕྐㄒゝ◊✲ᡤᡤ㛗࡛࠶ࡗࡓᡃࡀᖌࠊᨾഌᏗ┿ඛ⏕ᤝࡆࡓࡃ ᛮ࠺ࠋ༑ᩘᖺࡇࡢࡓࡎࡗඛ⏕ࡢᚚᣦᑟࢆ௮࠸࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ᚰࡽឤㅰࡋࠊඛ ⏕ࢆംࡧࡓ࠸ࠋ. ഌᏗ┿㸦Fù Mèngzhēn㸻ഌ᪁ᖺFù Sīnián㸧ࠕ୰ᅜྂ௦ᩥᏛྐㅮ⩏ࠖ,ࠗഌᏗ┿ඛ⏕㞟࠘ 㸦㸴㸧,ഌᏗ┿ඛ⏕㑇ⴭ⦅㍴ጤဨ, ᅜ❧ྎ‴Ꮫ, 1952.12, ➨2㸦୰⦅ୖ㸧⏥, pp.1-159㸦ࡇࡢ᭩ࡣ㏻ࡋ㡫ᩘࡀᡴࡓࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ⏥எᠾࡢ5⦅ࡀ㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ࡇࡢᩥ❶ࡣࡑࡢ➹㢌⨨ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸧㸹ࡲࡓྎ‴ᩥᫍ᭩ᗑࠗഌ᪁ᖺ㑅㞟࠘, 1956.1 ࡶ㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡶᮍぢࠋࠗ㝣㞧ㄅ࠘➨62ᕳ➨3ᮇ, 1981.3, pp.43-44ᡤ㍕ࡢ㝞ᵎࠕࠗഌᏗ┿ඛ⏕㞟࠘ᰯ⿵ᚋグࠖࡼࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢ㸰✀ࡣྠ୍ෆᐜ࡛ ࡣ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ㸹ࠗഌ᪁ᖺ㞟࠘, ⫃⤒ฟ∧ᴗබྖ, 1980.9, ➨1, pp.1-182 㸦0001-0182㸧. 3.
(8) 周法高. 中国語文研究. 訳注. iii. ヂ⪅ᗎཬࡧซ ᮏ᭩ࡣ࿘ἲ㧗ࠗ୰ᅜㄒᩥ◊✲࠘ 㸦⌧௦ᅜẸᇶᮏ▱㆑ྀ᭩ ➨୕㍴㸧୰⳹ᩥฟ ∧ᴗጤဨ 1955.12 ࡢ⩻ヂ࡛࠶ࡿࠋཎⴭࢱࢺࣝࡢࠕ୰ᅜㄒᩥࠖࡣࠕ୰ᅜࡢ ゝㄒࠊᩥᏐࠖ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ព࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊヂฟᙜึࠗ୰ᅜㄒᏛ◊✲࠘ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ ࡀࠊ ྠྡࡢ᭩ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ ཎⴭࡢࢱࢺࣝࡢࡲࡲࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇࡋࡓࠋ ୰ᅜㄒᏛᴫㄽ㖭ᡴࡘ᭩ࡣᡃᅜ↓࠸ヂ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊධ㛛⪅ྥࡅࡤࡾ࡛ᑓ 㛛ࡋ࡚୰ᅜㄒࢆᏛࡪᏛ⏕ࡗ࡚ࡣࣞ࣋ࣝࡀవࡾ㧗ࡃ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡀከࡃࠊㄒᏛ ≉Ṧㅮ⩏࡞ࡢᑓ㛛ㄢ⛬ࡢᤵᴗࢆཷࡅࡿࡢవࡾᙺ❧ࡓ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ᩍ࠼ࡿഃࡋ࡚ࡣㄒᏛᴫㄽࡣㄒᏛࡢㅖ⯡㏻ࡌ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ୍ேࡢே 㛫ࡀᢸᙜࡍࡿࡣⲴࡢ㔜࠸⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ୍ࡘࡢ౯್ほࢆᣢࡗ࡚࡚ࢆㄒ ࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ⚾ࡣ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ࿘ἲ㧗Ặࡣ୰ኸ◊✲㝔Ṕྐㄒゝ◊✲ᡤࡢ ⏕ᮇࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡛ࠊ୰ᅜゝㄒᏛ⏺ࡢᕧேࡢ୍ே࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢᙼࡀࠗ㝣㞧ㄅ࠘ ࡞ᇳ➹ࡋࡓㄽᩥ᪂ࡓ᭩ࡁຍ࠼ࡓࡶࡢࢆ࠶ࢃࡏ୍࡚ࡢ᭩ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀ ᮏ᭩࡛࠶ࡿࠋఱศ༙ୡ⣖௨ୖࡶ๓ࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡣ௦㐜ࢀࡢឤࡢ ྰࡵ࡞࠸㒊ศࡶ࠶ࡿࡀ㸦≉➨ 2,4,6 ❶㸧 ࠊ୰ᅜㄒᏛࡢᵝࠎ࡞ศ㔝ࡘ࠸࡚㧗࠸ ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝㄽࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࠊᑓ㛛ㄢ⛬ࡢᏛ⏕౫↛᭷┈࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣゝࢆᚅࡓ࡞ ࠸ࠋᮏ᮶ࠊ୰ᅜࡢᅜᩥ⛉Ꮫ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜேࡢᩍ㣴ࢆᣢࡓ ࡞࠸᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ࡣཎ᭩ࡢࡲࡲ࡛ࡣࠊ⌮ゎࡋ㞴࠸ࠋ≉ᘬ⏝ᩥࡣฟࡢᥦ♧ࡢ ᪉ࡀ㠀ᖖ⡆༢࡛ࠊṔྐⓗᩥ⊩ࢆᡭྲྀࡿ⤒㦂ࡢࡲࡔᑡ࡞࠸Ꮫ⏕ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ㄞ ゎຊࡢ㈋ࡋ࠸Ꮫ⏕ࡣㄞࡳ⥆ࡅࡿẼࡀ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࠾ࡲࡅ࣑ࢫ ࣉࣜࡶ࡞ࡾከ࠸ࡋࠊ㏆ᖺ㏻⾜ࡢᙳ༳ᮏࡔ༳ๅࡀ㩭ุ࡛᫂ㄞࡋ㞴࠸ࡇࢁ ࡀᩓぢࡍࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇⰍࠎ࡞᭩≀ࢆᡭྲྀࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ୰ᅜࡢ᭩≀ཬࡧ᭩≀ࡢศ 㢮᪉ἲ័ࢀ࡚⾜ࡃヂ࡛ࠊ࠶ࢀࡇࢀᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ࢆㄪ࡞ࡀࡽᑡࡋ࡙ࡘㄞࡳ㐍ࡴ ࠸࠺సᴗࡣ㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢ᭩ࢆㄞࡴᙜࡗ࡚ࡑࢀࢆせồࡍࡿࡢࡣᡈ ࡣ㓞࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ୰ᅜㄒᏛࡢᖖ㆑ࢆ⡆౽▱ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡶࡲࡓ ᚲせ࡞ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡇࡢ᭩ࢆ᪥ᮏㄒヂࡋࠊ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ㎡᭩ࡑࡢࡢ᭩ ≀ࢆㄪࡿࡇ࡞ࡋㄞ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡋࡼ࠺⪃࠼ࡓࠋ୰ᅜࡢⴭྡ࡞ ᩥேࡸᩥᏛㄒᏛ㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏ⓗ࡞㡯ࡲ࡛ࡶࠊ࿘▱ࡢᕤල᭩ࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠶ࡽࡎ ࡶࡀ࡞ࡢㄝ᫂ࢆຍ࠼ࡓࡢࡣࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡘ࡚ࡢ୰ᅜㄒ㐠⏝⬟ຊஈࡋࡃࠊ. 4.
(9) iv. 太田. 斎. ୰ᅜᩥᏛ㛵ࡍࡿᩍ㣴ࡶᣢࡕྜࢃࡏ࡞࠸ࡃࡏゝㄒᏛ⯆ࢆᣢࡕࠊ୰ᅜㄒ◊ ✲ࡢ┿ఝࢆࡋࡼ࠺⪃࠼ࡓᏛ㒊⏕௦ࡢ⚾ࢆᛕ㢌⨨࠸࡚ヂࡋࡓࠋ⚄ᡞᕷ እᅜㄒᏛ࠾࠸࡚୰ᅜㄒᏛ◊✲⯆ࢆᣢࡘᏛ㒊Ꮫ⏕ࡢཧ⪃᭩࡞ࡿࡇࢆ ᕼᮃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋලయⓗࡣ୰ᅜㄒᏛᇶ♏ㄽࡢཧ⪃᭩࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࡶࡋ࣏࣮ࣞ ࢺసᡂ࡞࡛ᮏヂ᭩ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࿘Ặࡢᙇࢆᘬ⏝ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿሙྜࡣᚲࡎཎ ᭩ᙜࡗ࡚ཎᩥࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚ࡽࡋ࡚ḧࡋ࠸ࠋࡇ࡛ᑿᓮ㞝㑻ඛ⏕ࡀὀ㔘 ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣ࠸ษࡾᤞ࡚ࡿࡀ⫢せ࡛࠶ࡿゝࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡓグ᠈ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ఱ࡛ࡶࢇ࡛ࡶ⮬ศࡢ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㝈ࡾࡢࡇࢆワࡵ㎸ࡴࡼ࠺࡞ὀ㔘ࡣ☜↹ ࢃࡋ࠸ࡋࠊᆒ㉁࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㤨⯉࡞ࡤࡾ࡛ୗရ࡞ࡿࠋᅇࡢ⩻ヂࡣఱ࡛ࡶ ࢇ࡛ࡶࡘࡵࡇࢇࡔࠊ⏒ࡔୗရ࡞≧ែ࠶ࡿࠋヂ✏ࡣ 10 ᖺ๓ซࡢࡇࢁ ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ࡢ☜ㄆ➼ࠊ⣽㒊㛵ࡋ࡚ⱝᖸࡢၥⅬࡀṧࡗࡓࡲࡲ ࡋ࡚࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢᗘࠊ✺↛බ⾲ࡢᶵࡀᚓࡽࢀࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊ㛗ࡃ⠑ᗏ ␃ࡵ⨨࠸ࡓཎ✏ࢆៃ࡚࡚ᘬࡗᙇࡾฟࡋࡓࢃࡅࡔࡀࠊษࡾᤞ࡚ࡿసᴗࡣ㛫ྜࢃ ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ᭱⤊❶ࡢリᩥࡢヂࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᙜᮏᏛ࠸ࡽࡋࡓ⥳ᕝⱥᶞㅮᖌ 㸦2007 ᖺᙜࠋ⌧ᅾࠊி㒔Ꮫᩍᤵ㸧㈗㔜࡞ࡈຓゝࢆ㡬࠸ࡓࠋࡲࡓྠࡌࡃ᭱⤊❶ ࡢඖ᭤ࡢヂ࡛ࡣඖி㒔Ꮫࡢ㔠ᩥிᩍᤵຓࡅ࡚㡬࠸ࡓࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊㄗヂ ࡢ㈐௵ࡣ೫⚾࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࠊᩥ⊩ࡢㄪᰝᙜࡗ࡚ࡣྠࡌࡃி㒔Ꮫࡢᮌὠ ♸Ꮚᩍᤵࠊឡ▱Ꮫ⮻⏣┿బᏊᩍᤵࠊᩥᩍᏛᒣ⏣ᛅྖᩍᤵࠊࡘ࡚ࡢᮏᏛ 㝔⏕ຍ⣡ᕦྩ࠸ࡗࡓ᪉ࠎຓࡅ࡚ᡝ࠸ࡓࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࡣஸࡁᗉᇉෆ ṇᘯி㒔Ꮫྡᩍᤵࡣி㒔Ꮫ࡛ࠊ㠀ᖖㅮᖌࡋ࡚₎ㄒ㡢㡩Ꮫࢆㅮࡎࡿ ᶵࢆ࠼࡚ୗࡉࡗࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢ㝿ி㒔Ꮫᡤⶶࡢ⛥へᩥ⊩ࢆᐇぢࡋ࡚ࠊᘬ⏝⟠ ᡤࡢ☜ㄆࢆࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡶ᭷㞴ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡇ≉➹ࡋ࡚ࡇࢀࡽࡢ᪉ࠎ ឤㅰࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡲࡓ࣓࣮࡛࡛ࣝࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᮏ᭩ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒヂࢆⓎ⾲ࡍࡿᙜࡾࠊ࿘ἲ㧗Ặࡢᚚ ௧Ꮉࡢ࿘ୡ⟿ඖᮾᾏᏛᩍᤵ᪥ヂࡢห⾜ࡘ࠸࡚ᢎࢆᡴデࡋࡓࡇࢁࠊḼ ㏄ࡢゝⴥࢆୗࡉࡾࠊฟ᮶ୖࡀࡗࡓࡽ㒑㏦ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ୍ ࢆ༡ி࠶ࡿࠕ⋤ỽ࿘ἲ㧗⣖ᛕ㤋ࠖ⨨ࡁࡓ࠸ࡢගᰤ⮳ᴟࡢ࠾⏦ࡋฟ࡛ ࠶ࡿ㸦2016.05.09㸧 ࠋ࿘ୡ⟿ᩍᤵࡶᚰࡼࡾឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡞࠾⩻ヂᙜࡗ࡚ࡣᘬ⏝㒊ศὀពࢆᡶࡗࡓࠋ≉௨ୗࡢⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣭ ᘬ⏝ᩥࡀཎᩥࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡛࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅࠊཎᩥࢆᣲࡆࡿࠋ. 5.
(10) 周法高. 中国語文研究. 訳注. ྂᩥࡣ⌮ゎࡋ᫆࠸ࡼ࠺ㄞࡳୗࡋᩥࡶῧ࠼ࡿࠋฟ⟠ᡤࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅලయ ⓗ♧ࡍࠋᘬ⏝ぢ࠼ࡿㄗࡾࡣ≉᩿ࡽ࡞࠸࡛ゞṇࡢୖࠊヂฟࡍࡿࠋ ࣭ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ㏻⾜ᮏ࡛ࠊṔྐⓗᩥ⊩ࡣⅬᰯᮏࢆᣲࡆࡿࠋ ࿘Ặࡀฟࢆ᩿ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᘬ⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊศࡿ⠊ᅖ࡛ฟྡࢆຍ࠼࡚ ࠾࠸ࡓࠋ ࣭ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩㑥ヂࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅࠊ㑥ヂࢆᣲࡆࡿࡼ࠺ࡋࡓࠋ⯆ ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤඛࡎ⩻ヂࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚Ẽ㍍ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩᥋ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚㡬ࡁࡓ࠸ ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྂ࠸㑥ヂࡣ௦ⓗไ⣙ࢆࡲࡠࡀࢀࡎࠊ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ⏝࠸࡞࠸⛠ࠊ ⾲⌧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᡭࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇࡣࡋ࡞ࡗࡓࠋణࡋࠊሙྜ ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ࿘Ặࡢᙇྜ࠺ࡼ࠺ヂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡀࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺᪤Ꮡࡢ 㑥ヂࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⤖ᯝⓗ࿘Ặࡢពᅗࡀ᫂░࡛࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ ࡗࡓࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋཎ᭩ࡘࡁྜࢃࡏ࡚ぢࡿࡇࢆ⸀ࡵࡿࠋ ࣭ ᅗ∧ཬࡧᮏᩥ୰ࡢྂᩥᏐࡣཎⴭࡢởࢀࠊ㓟ࡼࡿ㯮ࡎࡳࢆྲྀࡾཤࡾࠊぢࡸ ࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ຍᕤࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋཝᐦࡉࢆồࡵࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࡣࠊཎ ࡛☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ ࣭ ὀࡣᣊࡾࡢ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡔࡅࡀㄞࡵࡤࡼ࠸ࠋ⯆ࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㣕ࡤࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋ ࣭ ᮏᩥ⌧ࢀࡿᩥ⊩ࡣᮎᑿ୍ぴ⾲ࡢࡓࡕ࡛♧ࡋࠊࡑࡢ❶ࡢෆᐜࡢ⌮ゎ ຓࡅ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᩥ⊩ࢆࠕཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸦⿵㑇㸧 ࠖࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡓࠋ ࣭ ᘬ⏝ᩥ┬␎ࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࠊᚲせᛂࡌ࡚࠙ ࠚ࡛ࡑࢀࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ*-* ࡢࡼ࠺ ♧ࡋࡓࡇࢁࡶ࠶ࡿࠋణࡋ┬␎㒊ศࡀవࡾ㛗࠸ሙྜࡣࡇࡢ㝈ࡾ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࠸ࠋࡇࡢᥐ⨨࡛࿘Ặࡢᙇࡀศࡾ㞴ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࡶ ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࿘Ặࡢཎ᭩ࡀᮏヂࡢཧ⪃᭩࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣭ ᘬ⏝ᩥᣲࡆࡓᪧ࡞ࠊᪧᏐయࡢ㑥ヂࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᪧ࡞ࡢࡳᚑ࠸ࠊᏐయࡣ ⌧ᅾ㏻⾜ࡢᙜ⏝₎ᏐࡢᏐయᚑࡗࡓࠋ ࣭ ཎⴭ࡛⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿὀ㡢➢ྕࡣࡑࡢࡲࡲṧࡋࠊࣆࣥࣥࢆຍ࠼࡚࠾࠸ࡓࠋ ࣭ ேྡࡣࣆࣥࣥࢆࡅࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣᘬ⏝ᩥ୰࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝࠋ ࣭ ᘬ⏝࡛Ⓨ㡢ࡀၥ㢟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡣ⌧௦㡢ࡣࣆ࡛ࣥࣥຍ࠼ࠊ᥎ᐃ㡢౯ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ୰ྂ㡢ࡣ*ࠊୖྂ㡢ࡣ**ࢆᕥ⫪ࡍࠋ๓ K.࠶ࡿࡢ ࡣ࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥࡢ᥎ᐃ㡢౯ࠊ࿘࠶ࡿࡢࡣ࿘ἲ㧗ࡢ᥎ᐃ㡢౯ࢆពࡍࡿࠋ ణࡋᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩୰ࡢࡶࡢ௨እࠊ࿘Ặࡢ᥎ᐃ㡢౯ࡣ≉ࠕ࿘ࠖࢆෙࡍࡿࡇࡣ. 6. v.
(11) vi. 太田. 斎. ࡞࠸ࠋ㏆ୡ㡢ࡣ*ࡣࡉ࡞࠸ࠋ୰ྂ㡢ཬࡧୖྂ㡢ࡣ࿘ἲ㧗➼ࠗ₎Ꮠྂ㡢 ᙡ࠘୰ᩥᏛฟ∧♫ 1974.5480㹮. ᇶ࡙ࡃࡀࠊng,dÈ,tÈ,sè,zè,nè,s,z,ዘࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ N,,,˛,¸,,ß,Ω,/ࡍࡿ࡞ࡢኚ᭦ࢆຍ࠼ࡓࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᥐ⨨ࡣᘬ⏝ᩥ ୰ࡢࡶࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋୖྂ㡢ࠊ୰ྂ㡢ࡢኌㄪ⾲グ㛵ࡋ࡚ゝ࠺ ࠊᮏ᭩࡛⏝࠸ࡿ࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥࠊ࿘Ặࡽࡢ⾲グࡣㄪ㢮グྕࡍࡂࡎࠊ㡩ẕ ࡢ㡢ኌ⾲グ⣮ࡽࢃࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛┬࠸ࡓࠋ ࠗ₎Ꮠྂ㡢ᙡ࠘ࡢ᥎ᐃ㡢౯ࡣ࿘Ặࡢ ᭱⤊ぢゎࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡇࢀࡼࡾ㡢㡩Ꮫ࠸⪅࡛ࡶ⡆౽Ặ ࡢ㡢౯ࢆㄪࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡓࡔㄗࡾࡀᩓぢࡍࡿࡢ࿘Ặࡢᡭ᭩ࡁࡢᏐ ࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡚ㄞࡳ࡙ࡽ࠸ࡢࡀ㞴Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏆ୡ㡢ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣẶࡣ᥎ᐃ㡢౯ࢆ ࢃ. Ⓨ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊⴷྠ㱭ࡢࡶࡢࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㸦 ࠗ₎ㄒ㡢㡩Ꮫ࠘ 㸧 ࠋ ኴ⏣ ᩪ 2007.8.7. 7.
(12) . . ୰ᅜㄒᏛ◊✲. ┠ḟ 㸯㸬୰ᅜㄒࡢ≉ᚩྐⓗኚ㑄࠾ࡅࡿ㊅ໃ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 1 㸰㸬୰ᅜᅜෆࡢㅖゝㄒ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 20 㸱㸬ࡢࡼ࠺୰ᅜㄒࡢ㡢㡩ྐࢆ◊✲ࡍࡿ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 44 㸲㸬୰ᅜᩥἲᏛᗎㄝ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 78 㸳㸬୰ᅜカネᏛᴫㄽ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 111 㸴㸬୰ᅜ᪉ゝᏛᴫㄽ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 187 㸵㸬୰ᅜㄒ࠾ࡅࡿ⏝ㄒ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 224 㸶㸬ྂ௦ࡢᩥᏐࡢᵓ㐀භ᭩ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 246 㸷㸬୰ᅜࡢᩥᏐࡢṔྐⓗኚ㑄 ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 275 㸯㸮㸬୰ᅜࡢゝㄒᩥ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 329 㸯㸯㸬୰ᅜࡢཱྀㄒཬࡧᩥㄒᩥᏛࡢ㛵ಀ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 361. 8.
(13) 周法高 中国語文研究. . 訳注. 㸯.୰ᅜㄒࡢ≉ᚩྐⓗኚ㑄࠾ࡅࡿ㊅ໃ*. 㸯㸬㸯㸬୰ᅜㄒࡢ≉ᚩ ࠕ୰ᅜㄒࠖゝ࠼ࡤࠊᬑ㏻ࡣࠕ≹䈝 Hànyŭ㸸₎ㄒࠖࡢࡇࢆᣦࡍࠋ ࠕ₎ㄒࠖࡣ ࢩࢼ࣭ࢳ࣋ࢵࢺㄒ᪘㸦➨㸰❶ཧ↷㸧ࡢ୰ࡢ୍ᨭὴࢆ࡞ࡋࠊከࡃࡢࢩࢼ࣭ࢳ࣋ࢵ ࢺㄒ᪘ྠᵝࠊ୍⯡༢㡢⠇ⓗ㸦monosyllabic㸧࡛ࠊᏙ❧ㄒⓗ㸦isolating㸧ᡈ࠸ ࡣศᯒⓗ㸦analytic㸧࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࡑࡢ≉ᚩ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ཎὀ 1㸧ࠋ㡢ኌ㠃 ࡢ≉ᚩࡋ࡚ࡣࠊኌẕࠊ㡩ẕࡢࠊ␗࡞ࡿኌㄪࡼࡗ࡚ࡶពࡀ༊ูࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ ₎ㄒࡣ༢㡢⠇ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿゝࢃࢀࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢࡇࡣỴࡋ࡚࡚㸦ࡶࡋࡃࡣከ ᩘ㸧ࡢ༢ㄒ㸦words㸧ࡀእ࡞ࡃ༢㡢⠇ⓗࡔゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᐇ㝿ࠊ⌧ ௦୰ᅜㄒ࠾࠸࡚ࡣᑡ࡞ࡽࡠ༢ㄒࡀከ㡢⠇ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸸ࠕᡁԜ wŏmen 㸦ᡃࠎ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕἵᆀ yĭzi㸦ࢫ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕഭᇦ guójiā㸦ᅜ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ᭦丣ᵪ shōuyīnjī㸦ࣛࢪ࢜㸧 ࠖ ࠋ ࡘࡲࡾࠊ₎ㄒ࠾ࡅࡿ᭱ᑠࡢゝㄒ༢㸦morpheme ㏻ᖖࠕᙧែ⣲ࠖ(1)⛠ࡍࡿࠋ ㉿ඖ௵Ặࡣࠕゝ yánࠖ࠸࠺ヂㄒࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿ(2)㸧ࡢᅽಽⓗከᩘࡀࠊ༢㡢⠇ⓗ ࡛࠶ࡿゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ ࠕᡁ wŏ㸦ࢃࡓࡋ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕԜ men㸦ேࢆ⾲ ࡍྡモࡘࡃ」ᩘ᥋ᑿ㎡㸧 ࠊ ࠕἵ yĭ㸦ࢫ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕᆀ zi㸦ྡモ᥋ᑿ㎡㸧 ࠖ ࠕഭ guó㸦ᅜ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕᇦ jiā㸦ᐙ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ᭦ shōu㸦㞟ࡵࡿ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ丣 yīn㸦㡢㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕᵪ jī㸦ᶵᲔ㸧 ࠖࡣ࠸ࡎࢀ ࡶ᭱ᑠࡢゝㄒ༢㸦ᙧែ⣲㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㡢⠇࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᭱ᑠࡢゝㄒ༢ 㸦ᙧែ⣲㸧࠸࠺ࡢࡣᴟࡵ࡚⛥࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ ࠕ⧛⪠ méigui㸦ࣂࣛࡢ୍✀㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ⩥⩦ pípa㸦⍇⍈㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ㖇ଶ luōsuo㸦ࡃࡃࡋ࠸㸧 ࠖ࠸ࡗࡓ㢮ࡀࡇࢀヱᙜ ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࠊ༢㡢⠇ࡀࡘࡢ᭱ᑠࡢゝㄒ༢㸦ᙧែ⣲㸧ࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ ࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ㸸 ࠕ⭝ béngࠖ 㸦 ࠕн⭘ࠖࡢྜࢃࡉࡗࡓࡶࡢ㸧 ࠊnèi㸦 ࠕ㑣୍ nà yīࠖࡢ ྜࢃࡉࡗࡓࡶࡢ㸧 ࠊhuār㸦 ࠕ㣡ࠖݯ 㸧 ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡈࡃഹࡢࢆ㝖ࡅࡤࠊᅽಽⓗ ከᩘࡣ୍㡢⠇ࡀ᭱ᑠࡢゝㄒ༢㸦ᙧែ⣲㸧࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㡢⠇ࡣ㡢㡩ࡢ ༢࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠺ࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ㡢⠇ࡢᵓ㐀ࡣཝᐦࡣ୰ᅜㄒࡢ㡢㡩ㄽୖࡢつ ๎ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ࠕ༢ㄒࠖ ࠊ ࠕྃࠖ ࠊ ࠕᩥࠖࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ 㡢⠇ࡀᇶᮏ࡞ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ୍⯡ⓗゝࡗ࡚ࠊࡢ㡢⠇ࢆࡗ࡚ࡳ࡚ࡶࠊࡑࢀ ࡣఱࡽࡢኌẕ 㸦㡢⠇ึ㢌ࡢᏊ㡢㸧 ࠊ ẕ㡢ࠊ 㡩ᑿ 㸦㡢⠇ᮎᑿࡢᏊ㡢ཪࡣẕ㡢㸧 ࠊ ኌㄪࡀഛࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ. 9. 1.
(14) 2. 太田. 斎. ࡞ࡣࡇࡢࠕ༢㡢⠇ⓗࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࢆㄗゎࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜㄒⱥㄒࡣఝࡓࡼ࠺ ࡞≉ᚩࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠊࡘࡲࡾ࠸ࡎࢀࡶከ㡢⠇ⓗ㸦polysyllabic㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠊ⪃࠼ ࡿ⪅ࡶ࠸ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ⡿ᅜ࢚࣮ࣝᏛࡢࢣࢿࢹ㸦George A. Kennedy㸧ᩍᤵࡣ 㝞Ặ(3)ࡢ⤫ィᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ༑ᩘࡢ㡢⠇ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ ࠕⓗ deࠖ ࠊ ࠕ leࠖࢆ᥋ᑿ㎡ ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡣ 45,360 ཬࡪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࡇࡢࡘࡢ᥋ᑿ㎡ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ ࡼࡾࠊ୰ᅜㄒࡣ」㡢⠇ㄒࡀ 5㸣ࢆ༨ࡵࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ᭦ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ ࢱࣉࡢ᥋ᑿ㎡ࢆ 10 ಶࡇࢀࡅຍ࠼ࢀࡤࠊ」㡢⠇ㄒࡢᩘࡣ 109,592 ࡶ࡞ ࡿࠋ୰ᅜㄒࡇࡢ 12 ಶࡢ᥋ᑿ㎡ࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࠊ」㡢⠇ㄒࡣ 12 㸣ࢆ༨ࡵࡿࠋࢣ ࢿࢹẶࡣ᭦ㄽࢆ㐍ࡵࠊࡘ࠸ࡣ⌧௦୰ᅜㄒࡢ 63 㸣ࡣ」㡢⠇࡛࠶ࡿࡲ࡛ ᙇࡍࡿ㸦ࢣࢿࢹࠕMonosyllabic Myth㸦༢㡢⠇ࡢ⚄ヰ㸧 ࠖ ࠗJournal of the American Oriental Society㸦⡿ᅜᮾ᪉Ꮫห㸧 ࠘71 ᕳ 3 ᮇ pp.161-166 ཧ↷㸧 ࠋ࣮࢝㸦Denzel Carr㸧༤ኈࡣ≉ࡃࡔࡅࡓヰࡔࠊ」㡢⠇ㄒࡣ 40 㸣ࢆୗࡽ࡞࠸ゝࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿ㸦࣮࢝ࠕThe polysyllabicity of the Modern Chinese ͆National Language͇ 㸦⌧௦ ୰ᅜㄒࡢከ㡢⠇ᛶ㸧 ࠖ ࠗRocznik Orientalistyczny࠘ 10,1934,pp.51-76ࠋ ࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫ 㸦John de Francis㸧Ặࡣⱥㄒࡢ Only thirteen oxen were exported yearly ࢆᣲࡆ࡚ࠊ ࡚ࡢ㡢⠇ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡲࡲࡗࡓពࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡽࠊOn-ly thir-teen ox-en were ex-por-ted year-ly ࡢࡼ࠺᭩ࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿゝ࠸ࠊࡲࡓ fa-ther,broth-ers ࡢࢆᣲࡆ࡚ࠊⱥㄒ୰ᅜㄒࡣྠࡌ≉ᚩࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦ࣇࣛࣥ ࢩࢫࠗNationalism and Language Reform in China㸦୰ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ ゝㄒᨵ㠉㸧 ࠘➨㸶❶,1950 ཧ↷㸧ᮤ᪉᱇ Lĭ Fāngguì Ặࡣࡇࢀᑐࡋࠊ᭩ホ࡛ḟ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᢈุࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠙With this as his basis, he analyzes the following English words (selected from many other examples) thus: fa-ther, broth-er’s (164), ox-en, ex-port-ed (151).ࠚAs syllable is primarily a phonological term, we may perhaps ask on what phonological basis he divides these words in this particular fashion and not in some other way such as ok-sen, ex-por-ted.࠙These words are not ad hoc examples, for de Francis professes a scientific study of both English and Chinese.ࠚWe may further ask whether the English syllable has often the same clear-cut syllabic boundaries which the Chinese syllable generally has. De Francis seems to oblivious of the possibility that phonologically the English syllable and the Chinese syllable are perhaps not commensurate with each other.. 10.
(15) 周法高 中国語文研究. 訳注. Perhaps such syllables as ok, sen, por, ted, etc. do not mean anything, and therefore he prefers another way of analyzing them, using meaning as his criterion. If so, it would mean that his syllable is a morphological unit. But on what morphological basis may he divide father and brother’s into syllables as he does? Wouldn’t it be far more sensible to divide, at least, brother’s as brother-’s, and give up as a bad venture his theory of classifying English syllables? It seems clear that he has utterly confused a phonological syllable and a morphological unit, and fails to recognize the fact that the English syllable is not commensurate with a morphological unit. This is particularly fatal, because he constantly compares his analysis of Chinese with his English parallels. ࠙⮬㌟ࡢᇶ♏ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࡇࢆ௨ࡗ࡚ࠊᙼࡣ௨ୗࡢⱥㄒ ࡢ ༢ ㄒ ࢆ fa-ther,broth-er’s (164), ox-en, ex-por-ted (151)ࡢࡼ࠺ศᯒࡍࡿ㸦ࡇࢀࡽࡣᙼࡢᣲ ࡆࡿከࡃࡢࡢ୰ࡽ㑅ࡧฟࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸧 ࠋ ࠚ㡢⠇࠸࠺ㄒࡀᮏ᮶㡢㡩㠃ࡢ ⏝ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࡣࠊᙜ↛ḟࡢၥࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚᮶ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙼࡣ୍య࠸࡞ ࡿ㡢㡩ୖࡢᇶ‽ᣐࡾࠊྛ༢ㄒࢆୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉Ṧ࡞ᙧᘧศゎࡋࡓࡢࠋ࡞ ࡐ ok-sen,ex-por-ted ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡢศࡅ᪉ࢆ᥇ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࠋ ࠙ࡇࢀࡽࡢㄒࡣ እⓗ࡞࠸࠺ヂ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋఱᨾ࡞ࡽࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫẶࡣࡇࢀࡀⱥㄒࠊ୰ᅜㄒ᪉ ࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ◊✲࡛࠶ࡿබゝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠚ ࡲࡓⱥㄒࡢ㡢⠇ࡣᖖྠ୍ ࡢᇶ‽ࡼࡿ᫂☜࡞㡢⠇ࡢษࢀ┠ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡞ゝ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ୰ᅜ ㄒࡢ᪉࡛ࡣ࡚ࡢ㡢⠇እ࡞ࡃࡇࡢษࢀ┠ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫẶࡣ࠺ࡸࡽ ⱥㄒࡢ㡢⠇୰ᅜㄒࡢ㡢⠇ࡣ㡢㡩ࡢ㠃࡛ࡣẚࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡣࡎࡢࡶࡢ࡛ ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆᛀࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡶࡋ͆ok, sen, por, ted͇ࡣពࡀഛࢃࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡽࠊពࢆᇶ‽ࡍࡿู ࡢࡸࡾ᪉࡛ศᯒࢆヨࡳࡿࡇࡋࡓࡢࡔ࠸࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊẶࡢゝ࠺ࡇࢁࡢ 㡢⠇ࡣࠊᡈ࠸ࡣ㸦᭱ᑠࡢ㸧ゝㄒᙧᘧࡢ༢ࠊࡘࡲࡾᙧែ⣲ࡢ༢㸦Morphological unit㸧ࢆᣦࡍࡶࡢ࡞ࡢࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞ࡿ father, brother's ࢆẶࡢ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᙧᘧࡢ㡢⠇ศᯒࡍࡿ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠊẶࡣᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡿᙧែㄽୖࡢ ᇶ‽ࡼࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ brother’s ࢆ brother-s ศࡅࡿࡇ ࡋ࡚ᙼࡢⱥㄒ㡢⠇ศᯒἲࢆᤞ࡚ཤࡗ࡚ࠊ㛫㐪ࡗࡓヨࡳぢ࡞ࡋࡓ᪉ࡀవ⛬⌮ ྔࡗ࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋẶࡣ᫂ࡽ㡢㡩ㄽࡢḟඖ࠶ࡿ㡢⠇ᙧ ែ⣲ࢆΰྠࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿୖࠊⱥㄒ࠾ࡅࡿ㡢⠇ᙧែ⣲ࡣ୍⮴ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ. 11. 3.
(16) 4. 太田. 斎. ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࢆㄆࡵࡼ࠺ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢⅬࡣᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽẶ ࡣ୰ᅜㄒࡢศᯒ࠶ࡓࡾࠊⱥㄒࡢఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚㍑ࡿࡢࡀᖖࡔ ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠖ 㸦 ࠗInternational Journal of American Linguistics࠘ 17 ᕳ 4 ᮇ, p.256㸧 ࡘࡲࡾࠊ ࠕ ࠙At present the data tends to confirm what common-sense observation has already suggested to many people, namely, thatࠚ Chinese is a polysyllabic language. ࠙ࠊࡇࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡼࡗ୍࡚ᒙᙉࡃࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ほᐹࡀ᪤ከࡃࡢேࠎ௨ୗࡢ ࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ≀ㄒࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠚ୰ᅜㄒࡣከ㡢⠇ⓗゝㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ 㸦๓ᥖ᭩ p.164 㸧ࠊࠕ࠙Whether from scholarly reserch orcommon-sense observation, many others likewise concluded thatࠚ Chinese was a language like other languages.࠙Ꮫ⾡ⓗ◊✲ࡏࡼ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ほᐹࡏࡼࠊࡢከࡃࡢ⪅ࡀྠᵝ௨ୗ ࡢࡼ࠺⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠚ୰ᅜㄒࡣࡢゝㄒ␗࡞ࡿࡇࢁࡢ࡞࠸ゝ ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ 㸦๓ᥖ᭩ p.165㸧࠸ࡗࡓࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫẶࡢᙇࡣㄗゎࡶ⏒ࡔࡋ࠸ゝ ࢃࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡓ࠼⌧௦୰ᅜㄒ࠾࠸࡚」㡢⠇ㄒࡀ࡞ࡾቑ࠼࡚࠸࡚ࡶࠊ ࡑࡢ᭱ᑠࡢゝㄒ༢㸦ᙧែ⣲㸧ࡢᅽಽⓗከᩘࡣ౫↛ࡋ࡚༢㡢⠇ⓗ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡽࠋ ྂ௦㸦࿘⛙௨ᚋࢆᣦࡍ㸧ࡢ୰ᅜㄒࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ୍⯡ⓗࡣ༢㡢⠇ⓗᛶ᱁ࡀ⌧௦ ㄒẚࠊࡎࡗ㢧ⴭ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࢣࢿࢹẶࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫ Ặࡣࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⩏ࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୧Ặࡣ⌧Ꮡࡍࡿྂ௦ࡢᩥయ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ ࡣࠊ₎Ꮠࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࡞ࡾࡢゝㄒ≉ᚩࡀ⾲ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡲࡲ࡞ࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿ㐪࠸࡞࠸⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊᡃࠎࡢ▱ࡿࡇࢁ࡛ࡣࠊ⌧௦ㄒ࿘⛙ ௨ᚋࡢゝㄒࢆẚࡿࠊ㡢ኌ㠃ࡢ⡆⣲(4)ཬࡧ」㡢⠇ㄒࡢቑຍࡣඹྰᐃࡋ 㞴࠸ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ኴྂ௦ࡢ୰ᅜㄒ♽ㄒࡀከ㡢⠇ⓗゝㄒ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠺࠸ ࠺ࡢࡣูࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ㸧 ࠋ࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥ㸦Karlgren,Bernhard㸧Ặ➼ࡢ◊✲ࡼࡗ ࡚ࡶࠊ ࠗㄽㄒ࠘࡞ࡢඛ⛙ࡽ₎௦ࡅ࡚ࡢྂࡣ࡞ࡾᙜࡢཱྀㄒࢆᫎࡍ ࡿࡶࡢࡔ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᮏ᭩ࡢ➨㸯㸯❶ࠕ୰ᅜࡢཱྀㄒཬࡧ ᩥㄒᩥᏛࡢ㛵ಀࠖ࠾ࡅࡿᘬ⏝ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸㸧 ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࢣࢿࢹࠊࣇࣛ ࣥࢩࢫ୧Ặࡢၥࡣ✸ࡕࡍࡂ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ୰ᅜㄒࡀᏙ❧ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ୰ᅜㄒࡀᩥἲୖࡢᙧែኚࢆࡃࡶࡋࡃ ࡣࢇᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ ࠕḷ࠺ࠖ࠸࠺ㄒࡣⱥㄒ࡛ ࡣ sing,sings㸦➨୕ே⛠㸧,sang㸦㐣ཤᙧ㸧,sung㸦㐣ཤศモ㸧,singing㸦⌧ᅾศモ㸧. 12.
(17) 周法高 中国語文研究. 訳注. ࡢࡼ࠺ኚࡍࡿࠋࣛࢸࣥㄒࠊࢠࣜࢩࣕㄒࠊࢧࣥࢫࢡࣜࢵࢺࡔືモࡑࡢࡶࡢ ࡀே⛠ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊே⛠௦ྡモࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋࣛࢸࣥㄒࡢࢆᣲࡆࡿ ࠊcanto(⚾ࡀḷ࠺), cantas(࠶࡞ࡓࡀḷ࠺), cantat(ᙼࠊᙼዪࠊࡑࢀࡀḷ࠺) ࠸ࡗ ࡓලྜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀᑐࡋࠊ୰ᅜㄒࡣᖖྠࡌࠕୡ chàngࠖࢆ⏝࠸ࠊࡑࡢᙧࢆ ኚ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠕҖ shū㸦ᮏ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕṼᆀ zhuōzi㸦ࢸ࣮ࣈࣝ㸧 ࠖ࠸ࡗࡓྡモ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝ࡛ࠊ༢ᩘࠊ」ᩘࡢᩘࡢ༊ูࡸ᱁ࠊ┠ⓗ᱁࡞ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᱁ࡢ༊ู ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ ࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥẶࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕThere are, it is true, a few auxiliary words, e.g. a genitive particle -ti, so that ‘his father’ can be renderd by t’a ti tie. But these auxiliary words do not by any means correspond to our regular terminations, for they are not obligatory. In English you cannot at pleasure say he father instead of his father; but in Chinese it is perfectly satisfactory to say quite simply t’a tie, the genetival sense being gathered from the context. ᨭ㑣ㄒࡶ࠸ࡃࡽࡢ⿵ຓモ㸦auxiliary word㸧㸪ࡤᒓ᱁ࢆ♧ࡍኚモ 㸦particle㸧ࡋ࡚-ti㸦Ⲵ㸧ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪 ͆ᙼࡢ∗ぶ͇பࡩሙྜࡣ͆ԆⲴ⡩͇tHa-ti tie பࡩᕤྜࡣࢀࡿࡇࡣᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࡃࡢዴࡁ⿵ຓモࡣỴࡋ ࡚࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃㄒࡢつ๎ⓗモᑿ┦ᙜࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣゝࡤ㸪 ᨭ㑣ㄒࡿࡃࡢዴࡁ⿵ຓモࡣྍḞ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋⱥㄒ ࡚ࡣ͆ᙼࡢ∗ぶ͇பࡩሙྜ his father ࡢ௦ࡾᡭ he father பࡩ ࡇࡣỴࡋ࡚チࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢁࡀᨭ㑣ㄒ࡛ࡣᴟࡃ⡆༢͆Ԇ⡩͇tHa tie ப ࡘ࡚ࡶ୍ྥᕪᨭࡀ࡞࠸ࠋ[ࡑࡋ࡚Ṉࡢሙྜᒓ᱁ࡢពࡣ๓ᚋࡢ㛵ಀ㸦context㸧 ࡽุ᩿ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ]ࠖ 㸦 ࠗPhilology and Ancient China ୰ᅜゝㄒᏛ◊✲࠘ ࠾ ࡀ࠼ࡾ. p.14㸹୰ᅜㄒヂ ㈡ᫀ⩌ Hè Chāngqún ヂ p.3㸹ᒾᮧ࣭㨶 ㏉ ヂࠗᨭ㑣ゝㄒᏛᴫㄽ࠘ p.145㸧 ࡶࡗࡶ࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥẶࡣୖྂ㸦࿘⛙௦㸧୰ᅜㄒ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥ 㢟ࢆᥦ㉳ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕDid archaic Chinese really possess inflection, that is to say, a real and true inflection by means of changes within the word itself, not merely an analytical inflection by means of separate auxilialy words? ୖྂ୰ᅜㄒ㸦archaic Chinese㸧ࡣᮏᙜᒅᢡస⏝ࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃ ࡕ㸪ศ㞳ࡋࡓ⿵ຓㄒ㸦auxiliary word㸧ࡢຓࡅࡔࡅࢆࡾࡿศᯒⓗᒅᢡస⏝ࡔࡅ. 13. 5.
(18) 6. 太田. 斎. ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚㸪༢ㄒ⮬యࡢෆ㒊ࡢኚࡼࡿ┿ᐇࡢᒅᢡస⏝ࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࢁ࠺ 㸽ࠖ 㸦 ࠗThe Chinese Language, An Essay on its Nature and History ୰ᅜࡢゝㄒ̿ࡑ ࡢ≉㉁Ṕྐࡘ࠸࡚̿࠘1949 p.72㸹୰ᅜㄒヂ p.69㸹㑥ヂ p.66㸧ᙼࡣ⮬ᕫࡢ ௦ྡモ㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ◊✲࡛ࠊ ࠕ࿃ wú㸦*Nuo㸹**Naƒ ௨ୗࠊ≉᩿ࡽ࡞࠸㝈ࡾࡣ ࿘ἲ㧗ࡢ᥎ᐃ㡢౯ࢆᣲࡆࡿࠋ*ࡣ୰ྂ㡢ࠊ**ࡣୖྂ㡢ࠋ࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥࡢ᥎ᐃ㡢౯ ࡣ K.*Nuo㸹**No ࡢࡼ࠺♧ࡍࠋ 㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕỢ rŭ㸦*n@io㸹**njaƒ㸹K.*n@z@i9wo˘㸹**n@i9o㸧 ࠖ ࡀ᱁ࠊᡤ᭷᱁⏝࠸ࡽࢀࠊ 㸦ඹ㸧ẕ㡢 o ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢᑐࡋࠊ ࠕᡃ wŏ ࠖࡣ 㸦*NA㸹**Na㸹K.*ngAÈ˘㸹**ngAÈ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ∞ ĕr㸦*n@iI㸹**njier㸹*n@z@ie9˘㸹**n@i9AÙr㸧 ᱁ࠊ┠ⓗ᱁⏝࠸ࡽࢀࠊ 㸦ඹ㸧ẕ㡢 a 㢮ࡢ㡢ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆ ᚓࡓࡇࡼࡾࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺ᙇࡍࡿࠋ ࠕAs we have now been able to give an affirmative answer to our first question, Did Chinese originally possess real inflections, like Western languages? ̿ affiemative at least as far as one word class was concerned ̿ by proving that typical case inflection in archaic Chinese still persisted in the personal pronouns, exactly as in French, …. ୰ᅜㄒࡣࡶࡶすὒㅖゝㄒࡢࡼ࠺┿ࡢᒅᢡస⏝ࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ ࠺࠸࠺᭱ึࡢၥ㢟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ୖྂ୰ᅜㄒࡀࡲࡉࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ࠾ࡅ ࡿ࠾࡞ࡌࡼ࠺ே⛠௦ྡモ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࡞࠾ᆺⓗ࡞᱁ᒅᢡస⏝ࢆࡶࡕ ࡘ࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢆド᫂ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚㸪⫯ᐃⓗ࡞̿̿ࡍࡃ࡞ࡃࡶ୍ ࡘࡢရモ㛵ࡍࡿࡂࡾ⫯ᐃⓗ࡞̿̿ゎ⟅ࢆ࠶ࡓ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸦͐ ͐㸧 ࠋ ࠖ 㸦๓ᥖ᭩ p.76㸹୰ᅜㄒヂ p.73㸹㑥ヂ p.70㸧 ඛ⛙ᩥ⊩࠾࠸࡚➨ே⛠௦ྡモࠕ∞ࠖ ࠊ ࠕỢࠖࡀ࠺ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ⚾⮬㌟ ࡢㄪࡓࡇࢁ࡛ࡶࠊ☜㸦㈨ᩱ㛫࡛㸧୍⮴ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ ࡑࢀࡣୖ࡛ྂᡤ᭷᱁ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓࡢࡣࠕ∞࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ࠕỢ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓ࠸ ࡽ࠸ ࡁ. ࡔࢇࡄ࠺. ࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࡣ㔠ᩥࠊ ࠗ᭩⤒࠘ ࠊ ࠗリ⤒࠘ ࠊ ࠗㄽㄒ࠘ ࠊ ࠗ♩グ࣭᷄ᘪ࠘ ࠊ ࠗ ⛅ᕥẶఏ㸦␎ࡋ࡚ᕥఏ࠸࠺㸧 ࠘࠸ࡎࢀࡘ࠸࡚ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࣮࢝ࣝࢢ ࣞࣥẶࡢ⤖ㄽࡣ↛ྜࢃ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓ⤫ィࡢୖࡽࡣࠊ ࠕ∞ࠖࡣ᱁ࠊ ࠕỢࠖࡣ ┠ⓗ᱁࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞࠸ศࡅࡢ⌧㇟ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥẶࡢㄝࡣୖྂ 㡢ࡢᵓࡢ㠃࡛ࡶಙ㢗࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࠕ୰ᅜㄒࡣᮏ᮶ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟ ࢵࣃࡢゝㄒぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ཝᐦ࡞ព࡛ࡢᒅᢡస⏝ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺㸽ࠖ. 14.
(19) 周法高 中国語文研究. 訳注. ࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⌧Ꮡࡍࡿᩥ⊩ࡽ☜ᐇ࡞⟅ࢆᚓࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ↓⌮࡞ࡇ ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢ࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥẶࡢᥦ㉳ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࡣࢩࢼ࣭ࢳ࣋ࢵࢺㅖㄒࡢẚ㍑◊ ✲ࡀ㐍ࢇࡔᚋ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ᫂ࡍࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦ᣋᩥࠕホ 㧗ᮏ₎ࠕཎጞ୰ᅜㄒⅭኚㄒㄝࠖ 㸦࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥẶࡢࠕཎጞ୰ᅜㄒᒅᢡㄒㄝࠖ ࡘ࠸࡚㸧 ࠖ ࠗ㝣㞧ㄅ࠘≉ห➨㸯㍴ pp.241-253 ཧ↷㸧 ࠕኌㄪࠖࡣ㡢⠇యࡪࡉࡿ㡢ࡢ㧗ప᪼㝆ࡢ㐪࠸ࡢࡇࢆᣦࡍࡀࠊሙྜ ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࡇࢀ㛗▷ࡀຍࢃࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ゝ࠺ࠕ㧗పࠖࡣ⤯ᑐⓗ࡞ 㧗ࡉ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ┦ᑐⓗ࡞㧗ࡉࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㉿ඖ௵㸦Zhào Yuánrèn㸧ඛ⏕ࡣࠗ⌧ ௦࿋ㄒⓗ◊✲࠘ p.73 ࡛ࠕᏐㄪ(5)ࡢ⤯ᑐⓗ࡞㧗ࡉࡣࠊ୍ே୍ேࡢࣀࢻࡼࡗ࡚ ␗࡞ࡿࡋࠊࡑࡢࠎࡢ⢭⚄≧ែࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ␗࡞ࡿࠋ୍ࡘ୍ࡘࡢᏐࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ 㡢ኌࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡑࢀࡣពࡢ㐪࠸ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ͐ ͐⤯ᑐⓗ࡞㡢ࡢ㧗ࡉࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ㡢⛬ interval ࡢ⤯ᑐⓗ࡞ᖜࡢ㛤ࡁලྜࡶࠊⓎ 㡢ࡍࡿேࡢẼᣢࡕࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡼࡾ㐪ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ࠖゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ྂ௦୰ᅜㄒࡢኌㄪࡣ㡩᭩ࡢศ㢮ࡼࢀࡤࠊᖹኌࠊୖኌࠊཤኌࠊධኌࡢᅄ✀ࡀ ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕධኌࡣᖹࠊୖࠊཤኌࡢ୕ࡘࡢኌㄪࡣ㡩ᑿࡢ㠃࡛㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿ 㸦ධኌ㡩ᑿࡢ -p,-t,-k ࡣᖹୖཤ୕ኌࡢ -m,-n,-ng ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋୖྂࡔࠊᖹ ୖཤࡢ୕ኌࡣ -b,-d,-g ࠸ࡗࡓ㡩ᑿࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ㸧 ࠋୖྂ࠾࠸࡚ࡣᜍࡽࡃධኌ ཤኌࡣㄪ್ࡢ㠃࡛ࡣྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ㡩ᑿࡀ㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡍࡂ࡞ࡗࡓ⪃࠼ࡽ ࢀࡿࠋ 㸦ᣋᩥࠕ୰ᅜㄒἲᮐグ㸦୰ᅜㄒᩥἲࣀ࣮ࢺ㸧 ࠖ ࠗṔྐゝㄒ◊✲ᡤ㞟ห࠘ ➨ 24 ᮏ p.111 1953㸧 ⌧௦୰ᅜㄒぢࡽࢀࡿㄪ㢮ࡣ┦␗࡞ࡗ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡅࢀࡶࠊయ࠾࠸࡚ ࡣྂ௦ࡢኌㄪᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᜍࡽࡃྂ௦ࡢᅄኌࡣኌẕࡢΎ⃮(6)ࡢ㐪࠸ᛂࡌ ࡚㏆௦ࡢ᪉ゝ࠾࠸࡚␗࡞ࡗࡓⓎᒎࡢࡋࡓࢆࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸦⌧௦᪉ゝ࠾ ࠸࡚ᅄኌࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀ㐪࠸ࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࠊྂ௦ࡢΎኌẕ⏤᮶ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆ ࠕ㝜ࠖ ࠊྂ௦ࡢ⃮ኌẕ⏤᮶ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆࠕ㝧ࠖࡪ㸧 ࠋ࠼ࡤྂ௦ࡢᖹኌࡣ⌧ ௦᪉ゝ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࢇゝࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸ࠊ㝜ᖹ㝧ᖹࡢࡘࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ ศࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀᑐࡋࠊୖࠊཤࠊධ୕ኌࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⌧௦᪉ゝ࠾ࡅࡿศ ࢀ᪉ࡣ୍ᵝ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ⌧௦୰ᅜㄒࡢᵝࠎ࡞᪉ゝぢࡽࢀࡿኌㄪࡣ㸲✀ࡽከ ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ㸶㸪㸷✀㸦ᡈ࠸ࡣࡶࡗከ࠸ሙྜࡶ㸧ࡢࡶࡢࡲ࡛ࠊᐇከᵝ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ. 15. 7.
(20) 8. 太田. 斎. 㸯㸬㸰㸬୰ᅜㄒࡢྐⓗኚ㑄ࡢ㊅ໃ 㐣ཤࡢ୰ᅜࡢゝㄒぢࡽࢀࡿྐⓗኚ㑄ࡢ㊅ໃࡣᴫࡡḟࡢዴࡃࠊ⟠᮲᭩ࡁࡍ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ 㸦㸯㸧㡢ኌࡢ༢⣧(7)ࠊ 㸦㸰㸧」ྜᡂศࡢቑຍࠊ 㸦㸱㸧㔞モࡢቑຍࠋ௨ୗࠊ୍ࡘ ୍ࡘྲྀࡾୖࡆ᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡇࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ ୰ᅜㄒࡢ㡢ኌࡢ༢⣧㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺⧳ࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ 㸦a㸧 㔜Ꮚ㡢㸦pl-,tl-,kl- ࡞㸧ࡢᾘኻ㸸ୖྂࡢẁ㝵ㄌ⏕ࡋࡓࡀࠊ₎ᮎ ࡣࡶ࠺࡞ࡾῶᑡࡋࠊኻࢃࢀࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ 㸦b㸧 Ꮚ㡢㡩ᑿࡢᾘኻྜὶ㸸ୖྂ㡢ࡢ⯎ኌ㸦ᖹኌࠊୖኌࠊཤኌࡢ୕ࡘࡢ ኌㄪࢆ୍ᣓࡋ࡚࠸࠺㸧㡩ᑿ -b,-d,-g ࡶࡸࡣࡾ₎௦௨㝆࡞ࡿጼࢆᾘࡋ㸦-b ࡣ ඛ⛙ࡢ௦᪤ኻࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ㸧 ࠊ୰ྂ㡢ࡢ -i,-u ࠸ࡗࡓ㡩ᑿኚࢃࡗ࡚ ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ ࠕὈ tàiࠖࢆࢀࡤࠊK.**tHAÈd→*tHAÈi-㸦࿘ἲ㧗⮬㌟ࡢ᥎ ᐃ㡢౯ࡔ**tHar→*tHAi㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኚࢆ㐙ࡆࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㡩ᑿࡢᾘኻࡣ၈௦ ௨㝆ࡶ࠺୍ᗘ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㒊ศࡢᐁヰ༊ᇦ࡛ࡣධኌ㡩ᑿ -p,-t,-k ࡀᚎࠎ ᾘኻࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊูࡢ᪉ゝ࡛ࡣᾘኻࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࡣ⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡞࠸ࠋ࿋ㄒࡔኌ㛛㛢㙐㡢㡩ᑿ୍✀ࠊ⚟ᕞ᪉ゝࡔ⯉᰿㡢㡩ᑿ୍✀࠸࠺ࡓ ࡕ࡛ධኌࢆ␃ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⯎ኌࡢ㰯㡢㡩ᑿ -m ࡶከࡃࡢ᪉ゝ࡛ኻࢃࢀࡓ㸦ࢇ ࡀ -n ኚࢃࡗࡓ㸧 ࠋ᪉ゝࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ㸦す༡ᐁヰࠊୗỤᐁヰ㸧 ࠊ-en -eng, -in -ing ࢆ༊ูࡋ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ୰ࡣ -an -ang ࡢ༊ูࡉ࠼ኻࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦༡ி᪉ゝ㸧 ࠋ⚟ᕞ᪉ゝࡢ⯎ኌࡣ㰯㡢㡩ᑿࡣ⯉᰿㡢 -ng ࡢ୍✀ࡋ ࡏࢇ. ࡞࠸ࠋ࿋ㄒࡸす㸦㝐すࠊᒣすࠊ⏑⢔㸧᪉ゝ࡛ࡣ㰯㡢㡩ᑿࡀẕ㡢ࡢ㰯㡢せ ⣲࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ(8)ࡸࠊ⬺ⴠࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ㊧ࢆࡃ␃ࡵ࡚࠸࡞࠸ሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦c㸧 ⃮ኌẕࡢ↓ኌ㡢㸸୰ྂ㡢ࡢ b-,d-,g- ࡞ࡢ⃮(9)ኌẕࡣ⌧௦ࡢ ࢇࡢ᪉ゝ࡛ࡣ࠺ኻࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᴟ୍㒊ࡢ᪉ゝ㸦࿋ㄒࠊ•ㄒ㸧 ṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ⃮ኌẕ↓ኌ㡢ࡢ⌧㇟ࡣ㸯㸮ୡ⣖㡭ࡢ၈௦ す᪉ゝ㡢᪤ㄆࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸦⨶ᖖᇵ Luó Chángpéiࠗ၈௦す᪉㡢࠘, p.136㸧 ࠋ 㸦d㸧 ཱྀࡑࡢ㸸ྂ㡢ࡢ⯉᰿㡢㸦k-,g-,h- ࡞㸧 ࠊṑ㢌㡢㸦ts-,dz-,s- ࡞ 㸧ኌẕࡣ i 㡢ࡀᚋ⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࠊ⌧௦᪉ゝࡢࢇ࠾࠸࡚ࡇࡈ ࡃཱྀࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋ၁㡢㸦p-,b-,m- ࡞㸧ࡣ୕➼㡩⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࠊ. 16.
(21) 周法高 中国語文研究. 訳注. ࡑࡢ㒊ศࡀ⌧௦᪉ゝࡢከࡃ࡛㍍၁㡢ኚࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ୰ᅜㄒࡢṔྐⓗኚぢࡽࢀࡿ㡢ኌࡢ⡆⣲(10)ࡣ⤫ィୖࡢᩘᏐࡶࡣࡗࡁ ࡾ⌧ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⌧௦ᶆ‽ㄒ࡛ࡣኌẕ 22ࠊ㡩ẕ 37ࠊኌㄪ 4 ࡛ࠊ࠾ࡼࡑ 1300 ࡢ ␗࡞ࡗࡓ㡢⠇ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᗈᕞ᪉ゝࡔኌẕ 22ࠊ㡩ẕࡣ⯎ኌ㸦ᖹୖཤ୕ኌࢆᣦࡍ㸧 32ࠊධኌ 16 ࡛ኌㄪࡣ⯎ኌ 6ࠊධኌ 3 ࠊ࠾ࡼࡑ 1800 ࡢ␗࡞ࡗࡓ㡢⠇ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦㉿ ඖ௵ࠗCantonese Primer㸦ᗈᮾㄒධ㛛㸧 ࠘ᣐࡿ㸧 ࠋࡇࢀᑐࡋࠊ୰ྂ㡢㸦 ࠗษ㡩࠘ ᫎࡍࡿ㡢㡩య⣔㸧࡛ࡣኌẕ 36ࠊ㡩ẕࡣ⯎ኌࡀ 65ࠊධኌࡀ 57ࠊኌㄪࡣ⯎ኌ ࡀ 3ࠊධኌࡀ 1 ࡛ࠊ㒊࡛࠾ࡼࡑ 3700㹼3800 ࡢ␗࡞ࡗࡓ㡢⠇ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ㸦ᣋᩥ ࠕྂ㡢୰ⓗ୕➼㡩වㄽྂ㡢ⓗἲ㸦ྂ㡢ࡢ୕➼㡩ཬࡧྂ㡢ࡢ⾲グἲࡘ࠸࡚㸧 ࠖ ࠗṔྐゝㄒ◊✲ᡤ㞟ห࠘➨ 19 ᮏཧ↷㸧 ࠋࡲࡓୖྂ㡢࡛ࡣኌẕ㸦㔜Ꮚ㡢ኌẕࢆ ྵࡵ࡞࠸㸧36ࠊ㡩ẕࡣ⯎ኌ 158ࠊධኌ 78ࠊኌㄪࡣ⯎ኌ 3ࠊධኌ 1㸦ⴷྠ㱭 Dŏng Tónghéࠗୖྂ㡢㡩⾲✏࠘ᣐࡿ㸧࡛ࠊ࠾ࡼࡑ 4000 ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿᩘࡢ␗࡞ࡿ㡢⠇ࡀ ࠶ࡗࡓ㸦ཎὀ 2㸧ࠋ ༢㡢(11)ࡢ⡆⣲ࡣᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡞ࡀࡽࠊྠ㡢Ꮠࡢቑຍࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࠋ࣮࢝ࣝࢢ ࣞࣥẶࡣࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕ ࠙The Mandarin dialect of Peking in one of the poorest, and indeed, does not possess more than about 420 different syllables, and, even so, many of these are puzzlingly like one another. …. The case is , then, that all the simple words of this higly developed language have to be dis-tributed among these 420 syllables. A small dictionary, including only the very commonest words of the language, gives about 4,200 simple words, which gives an average of ten different words for each syllable. …. Of the common 4,200 words there are only two that are pronounced jun, but 69 that have the pronunciation i, ….ࠚ We have mentioned that out of 4,200 words there are 69 having the form i. Now, dividing this number by 4, we shall still have about 17 i’s to each tone, a number rather too large to be convenient. The words are not, of course, evenly distributed among the four tones; out of the 69 i’s Pekinese has 7 in the first tone, 17 in the second, 7 in the third, and no less than 38 in the fourth. ࠙ிᐁヰࡢዴࡁࡣ᭱ࡶ㈋ᙅ࡞᪉ゝࡢ୍ࡘ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡶࡑࡢ➻ࠊ༊ูࡢฟ᮶ࡿ㡢 ⠇பࡤ⣙ 420 ಶࢆ㉺࠼ࡎࠊ⪋ࡶࡑࡢከࡃࡣ࠾⣮ࡽࡣࡋ࠸㢮ఝࡋ࡚ ࢄࡿࠋ͐͐༶ࡕᨭ㑣ㄒ࠸ࡩ㧗ᗘⓎ㐩ࡋࡓゝㄒࡢ❧ሙ࡚ࡣࠊ୍ษࡢ༢⣧. 17. 9.
(22) 10. 太田. 斎. モ㸦simple words㸧ࢆࡇࡢ 420 ಶࡢ㡢⠇ศ㓄ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽࡠ࠸ࡩࡇ࡞ ࡿࠋࡇࡇ୍ࡢᑠᏐࡀ࠶ࡘ࡚㸪ᨭ㑣ㄒࡢ୰࡛᭱ࡶᬑ㏻⏝ࡦࡽࢀࡿ༢⣧モ ࡔࡅ⣙ 4,200 ࢆྵࢇ࡛ࢄࡿࡍࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢᏐᘬ࡛ࡣ୍ࡘࡢ㡢⠇ᑐࡋ࡚ᖹᆒ 10 ಶࡶࡢ␗࡞ࡘࡓモࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ͐͐ᖖ⏝モ 4,200 ࡢ୰࡛ jun Ⓨ㡢ࡉࢀ ࡿࡶࡢࡣྈࡘࡋ࡞࠸ࡀࠊi ࠸ࡩⓎ㡢ࡢࡶࡢࡣ 69 ಶࡶ᭷ࡾࠊ͐͐ࠚ᪤㏙ ࡓᵝ 4,200 ࡢモࡢ୰࡛ i (12)࠸ࡩⓎ㡢ࡢࡶࡢࡔࡅࡀ 69 ಶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡔ ࢭ. ࡅࡢᩘࡢࡶࡢࢆ㸲ኌศࡅ࡚ぢࡓࡇࢁ࡛㸪ᑦ୍ࡘࡢኌᑐࡋ࡚ 17 ಶࡢ i ࢭ. ࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛㸪 ࡇࢀ࡛ࡣࡲࡔ౽ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ⪋ࡶࡇࡢ 69 ಶࡣᅄࡘࡢኌ ᖹ➼ศ㓄ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࡞࠸ࡇࡣㄽ࡛ࠊிㄒ࡛ࡣ 69 ಶࡢ࠺ࡕ㸵ಶࡔࡅࡀ ➨୍ኌ㸪17 ಶࡀ➨ኌ࡛㸪➨୕ኌࡣ㸵ಶ㸪➨ᅄኌࡣᐇ 38 ಶ࡞ࡘ࡚ࢄࡿࠋ ࠖ 㸦 ࠗSound and Symbol in Chinese ୰ᅜㄒࡢ㡢㡩ᩥᏐ࠘p.(29-)31㸹ᙇୡ⚘ Zhāng Shìlù ヂ p.(33-)36㸹㑥ヂ p.(33-)35㸧 ࡶࡋཤኌࡢ i ࠸࠺ࡇࡋศࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡞ࡽࠊࡑࢀࡀᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸࡞ ࡿㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡣࡲࡎྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ⌧ᐇࡣ㡢⠇ㄒࡀ ᗈࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊ᭕࡞ሙྜࡣࢇ⏕ࡌ࡞࠸ゝࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋ ࠼ࡤࠊ ࠕ⩼ yì㸦ࡘࡤࡉ *iIk㸹**ri´k㸹K.*i9´k㸹**gi´9k㸧 ࠖࡣࠕ㗵㞰 chìbăngࠖ ࠊ ࠕ䈁 yì㸦ヂࡍ *iQk㸹**riak㸹K.*i9A_k㸹**di9A(k㸧 ࠖࡣࠕ㘫䈁 fānyìࠖ ࠊ ࠕ yì㸦ព */i㸹 **/i´ƒ㸹K.*/i-㸹**/i9´g㸧 ࠖࡣࠕᙍ yìsiࠖ࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ゝ࠸࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ ࠊᐇ㝿ࡣ i ࡢཤኌ࡛࠶ࡿ 38 ࡢㄒࡣཱྀㄒᙧᘧࡋ࡚ࡣ㡢⠇ࡢᙧࢆࡿࡇ ࡀࢇ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⌧௦ㄒ࠾ࡅࡿ」ྜᡂศࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡉࡾ᪉ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦⏥㸧」ྜㄒ 㸦a㸧୪ิ」ྜㄒࠋ㸸 ࠕ࡙ᇣ lìhài㸦ࡁࡘ࠸㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕᐼཷ xīqí 㸦⌋ࡋ࠸㸧 ࠖ ࠊ 㸦b㸧ᚑ」ྜㄒࠋ 㸸 ࠕᗳ⨶ xīnlĭ㸦ᚰ⌮㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕㅁ䈍 xiàohuà㸦㠃ⓑ ࠸ヰࡋ㸹xiàohua ࡔࠕ࠶ࡊࡅࡿࠖࡢព㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ俉㭹 xiāngjiāo㸦ࣂࢼࢼ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ 㸦c㸧ື ┠」ྜㄒࠋ 㸸 ࠕ㪓һ dŏngshì㸦⌮㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ⛩ᗳ diănxīn㸦ࢫࢼࢵࢡ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ 㸦d㸧ື ⿵」ྜㄒࠋ㸸 ࠕਲ਼価 chībăo㸦࠾⭡࠸ࡗࡥ࠸㣗ࡿ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ䘱৫ sòngqù㸦㏦ࡗ࡚⾜ ࡃ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ 㸦e㸧㏙」ྜㄒࠋ 㸸 ࠕ୪ᚰ⑊ⓗ䫡 Tā bìngbùxīnténg tāde qián㸦ᙼ ࡣ⮬ศࡢ࠾㔠ࢆᝰࡋࡲ࡞࠸㸧 ࠖ࠸࠺ሙྜࡢࠕᗳ⯬ xīnténg㸦ᝰࡋࡴ㸧 ࠖ ࠋ 㸦எ㸧᥋㎡. 㸦a㸧᥋㢌㎡ࠋ㸸 ࠕㅜа dìyīࠖࡢࠕㅜ dìࠖ ࠊ ࠕ㘱ᕐ Lăo Zhāng. 㸦ᙇࡉࢇ㸧 ࠖࡢࠕ㘱 lăoࠖ ࠊ 㸦b㸧᥋ᑿ㎡ࠋ㸸 ࠕ ݯrࠖ ࠊ ࠕᆀ ziࠖ ࠊ ࠕԜ menࠖ ࠊ ࠕҶ leࠖ ࠊ. 18.
(23) 周法高 中国語文研究. 訳注. 11. ࠕ⵰ zheࠖ ࠊ ࠕⲴ deࠖ࡞ࠊ 㸦c㸧᥋୰㎡ࠋ㸸 ࠕ㋺⎲ hútu㸦ࡣࡗࡁࡾࡋ࡞࠸㸧 ࠖࢆ ࠕ㋺䟼㋺⎲ húlihútuࠖゝ࠸࠼ࡓሙྜᣳࡲࢀࡿࠕ䟼 liࠖ ࠋ 㸦㸧」㡢⠇ㄒ 㸸 ࠕ⧛⪠ méigui㸦ࣂࣛࡢ୍✀㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ㖇ଶ luōsuo㸦↹ࢃ ࡋ࠸㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ⩥⩦ pípa㸦⍇⍈㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕਭૅ jīgu㸦ࡪࡘࡪࡘᖹࢆゝ࠺㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ shūshu 㸦࠾ࡌࡉࢇ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ⡨⡨ bàba㸦∗ࡕࡷࢇ㸧 ࠖ࡞ࠋ ௨ୖࡢศ㢮ࡣᴫࡡ㉿ඖ௵ඛ⏕ࡢࠗMandarin Primer㸦ᅜㄒධ㛛㸧 ࠘ᗎㄽぢ࠼ ࡿศ㢮ᣐࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢၥ㢟㛵㐃ࡍࡿࠊ࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥẶࡢḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᡤㄝࡶ⪃ ៖್ࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ ࠕAnother category of elucidative compounds is formed by the numerous verbs in which to the simple original verb is added the object logically inherent in it. While the English say I eat, I read, I write, I ride, I walk, I speak, the Chinese say I eat food, I read book, I write characters, I ride horse, I walk path, I speak words, and thus gain a higher degree of luciduty. ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢ㒊㢮ࡢㄝ᫂ⓗ」ྜㄒ㸦elucidative compound㸧ࡣ㸪ከᩘࡢືモࡢᮏ᮶ ࡢ༢⣧モᙧᑐࡋ࡚㸪 ࡇࢀㄽ⌮ୖྍ㞳ࡢ㛵ಀ࠶ࡿ┠ⓗㄒࢆ㏣ຍࡋ࡚సࡿࠋ ࢠࣜࢫே࡞ࡽࡤ I eat㸪I read㸪I write㸪I ride㸪I walk㸪I speak ゝࡩࡔࡅࡢ ࡇࢁࢆᨭ㑣ேࡣ͆ᡁਲ਼依͇I eat food㸪 ͆ᡁ䈫Җ͇I read book㸪 ͆ᡁ߉ᆇ͇I write characters㸪 ͆ᡁ僁傜͇I ride horse㸪 ͆ᡁ䎠䐟͇I walk path㸪 ͆ᡁ䈤䈍͇I speak words ࠸ࡩ㢼ゝࡦ㸪᪁࠺ࡋ୍࡚ᒙពࢆ᫂░ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠖ 㸦 ࠗSound and Symbol in Chinese ୰ᅜㄒࡢ㡢㡩ᩥᏐ࠘p.33㸹୰ᅜㄒヂ pp.38-39㸹㑥ヂ pp.37-38㸧 ௨ୖ㏙ࡓዴࡃࠊ」㡢⠇ࡢᡂศࢆᵝࠎ࡞ᙧ࡛⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⌧௦୰ᅜ ㄒࡣ᭕ࡉ࡞ࡋពࢆ⾲⌧࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊྂ௦࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡇࡢ ࡼ࠺࡞⌧㇟ࡣࡎࡗᑡ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ 」ྜᡂศࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇຍ࠼ࠊ㔞モࡀᗈࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡶࠊ ྠ㡢ㄒࢆ༊ูࡍࡿୖ࡛࠸ᙺࡔࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ ࠕаਓ㺘㸦ィ୍ಶ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕа ᕐ㺘㸦⾲୍ᯛ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕаਓ䫏㸦㚝୍ࡘ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕаᓗ䫏㸦⨨ࡁィ୍ࡘ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕаਕ䈍㸦ࡇ ࡤ୍ゝ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕаᑵ⭫㸦⤮୍ᯛ㸧 ࠖ࠸ࡗࡓࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㔞モࡼࡗ࡚༊ูࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⌧௦ᶆ‽ㄒぢࡽࢀࡿ㔞モࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿࠋ 㸦a㸧ᮏ᮶ྡモ࡛࠶ࡿࡶ ࡢࠋ㸸 ࠕаᢺἵᆀ yìbă yĭzi㸦᳔Ꮚ୍⬮㸧 ࠖ ࠊࡢࠕᢺ bă㸦㸺ࡗ࡚㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕє⳿⚟ liăngzhăn. 19.
(24) 12. 太田. 斎. dēng㸦ࡶࡋࡧࡘ㸧 ࠖࡢࠕ⳿ zhăn㸦㸺ᮼ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕйњӪ sānge rén㸦୕ே㸧 ࠖࡢࠕњ ge㸦㸺୍ࡘ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ 㸦b㸧༢モࠋ㸸 ࠕаᯇ㊣ yìdŏu mĭ㸦⡿୍ᩯ㸧 ࠖࡢࠕᯇ dŏuࠖ ࠊ ࠕй ቪᐳ sānchĭ bùࠖࡢࠕቪ chĭࠖ ࠊ 㸦c㸧౽ᐅⓗ༢モࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࠋ 㸸 ࠕаቻᆀӪ yìwūzi rén㸦୍㒊ᒇศࡢே㸧 ࠖࡢࠕቻᆀ wūziࠖ ࠊ ࠕаṼᆀ㨌 yìzhuōzi cài 㸦୍ࢸ࣮ࣈࣝศࡢᩱ⌮㸧 ࠖࡢࠕṼᆀ zhuōziࠖ ࠊ ࠕаൠⲴ㓨 yídìde zhĭ㸦࠶ࡓࡾ୍㠃 ࡢ⣬㸧 ࠖࡢࠕൠ dìࠖ ࠊ 㸦d㸧ືసࢆᩘ࠼ࡿࡢ⏝࠸ࡿ㔞モࠋ㸸 ࠕⶑа㿹 shuì yíjiào 㸦୍╀ࡾࡍࡿ㸧 ࠖࡢࠕ㿹 jiàoࠖ ࠊ ࠕ䰞а༠ wèn yìshēng㸦୍ゝᑜࡡࡿ㸧 ࠖࡢࠕ༠ shēngࠖ ࠊ 㸦e㸧‽㔞モࠋ㸸 ࠕа䈮 yíkè㸦୍ㄢ㸧 ࠖࡢࠕㄢࠖ ࠊ ࠕ䴘ᆓ yŭjì㸦㞵Ꮨ㸧 ࠖࡢࠕᆓ jìࠖ ࠊ ࠕйⴱ sānxĭng㸦୕ᗘ┬ࡍࡿ㸧 ࠖࡢࠕⴱ xĭngࠖ 㸦௨ୖࠊ㉿ඖ௵Ặࡢࠗᅜㄒධ㛛࠘ ᗎㄽぢ࠼ࡿศ㢮ᣐࡗࡓ㸧 ࠋ ྂ௦࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㔞モࡢ⏝ࡶࡸࡣࡾࡎࡗᑡ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ⌧ ௦ㄒ࡞ࡽࠕйњӪ sānge rén㸦୕ே㸧 ࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࢁࢆࠊୖ࡛ྂࡣࠕйӪ sānrén 㸦**s´m n@i9e(n㸧 ࠖࡶࡋࡃࡣࠕӪй rén sān㸦**n@i9e(n s´m㸧 ࠖゝࡗࡓࡋࠊ⌧௦ㄒ࡛ ࠕ䰞й⅑ wèn sāncì㸦୕ᗘᑜࡡࡿ㸧 ࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࢁࢆୖ࡛ྂࡣࠕй䰞 sānwèn㸦**s´m mi9w´n㸧 ࠖ⾲⌧ࡋࡓࠋ㔞モࡣ௦ࢆ⤒ࡿࡘࢀࠊᚎࠎቑຍࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ 㸦ᣋᩥࠕྂ௦ⓗ⛠ᩘ㸦ྂ௦ࡢᩘ㔞⾲⌧㸧 ࠖ ࠗ୰ኸ◊✲㝔㝔ห࠘➨㸯㍴ pp.195-204㸧 ゝㄒࡢྐⓗኚ㑄ࡣࡼࡾ⡆⣲࡞ࡶࡢྥ࠾࠺ࡍࡿືࡁ᫂ᬓࡉࢆኻ࠺ࡲ ࠸ࡍࡿືࡁࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡘࡢḧồࡣయ࠾࠸࡚ᑐ❧ࡋࠊ୧⪅ࢆྠ ‶㊊ࡉࡏࡿࡇࡢᅔ㞴࡞ࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࡣ୧⪅ࡢ㛫࡛ㄪᩚࡀ ࡞ࡉࢀࠊጇ༠Ⅼࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ୰ᅜㄒࡣ㡢ኌࡢ⡆⣲ ࠸࠺㊅ໃࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ ࡑࢀࡼࡗ࡚࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ᭕࡞㒊ศࡀ⏕ࡌࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡑࢀࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡓࡵ」ྜᡂศࡸ㔞モࢆከࡃ⏝࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࠊ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ࡴ ࡋࢁゝㄒࡢ᫂ᬓࡉࢆᙉࡍࡿ⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ. ཎὀ 㸯㸬୰ᅜㄒࢆศᯒⓗࡍࡿㄝࡶ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣ⥈ྜⓗ㸦Synthetic㸧ࡢᑐ❧ᴫᛕࡋ࡚ࡢព ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣈ࣮࣒ࣝࣇ࣮ࣝࢻ㸦L. Bloom-field㸧ẶࡢࠗLanguage㸦ゝㄒ㸧 ࠘ i13.1 p.207-208㸦୕Ꮿ㬨࣭᪥㔝㈨⣧ヂ pp.271-272㸧ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞グ㏙ࡀぢ࠼ࡿࠋ ࠕ ࠙Accordingly, languages differ more in morphology than in syntax. The variety is so great that no simple scheme will classify languages as to their morphology.ࠚOne such scheme distinguishes analytic languages, which use. 20.
(25) 周法高 中国語文研究. 訳注. 13. few bound forms, from synthetic, which use many.࠙At one extreme is a completely analytic language, like modern Chinese, where each word is a one-syllable morpheme or a compound word or phrase-word; at the other, a highly synthetic language like Eskimo, which unities long strings of bound forms into single words, such as [a˘wlisa-ut-iss/ar-si-niarpu-Na] ‘I am looking for something suitable for a fish-line.’ This distinction, however, except for cases at the former extreme, is relative; any one language may be in some respects more analytic, but in other respects more synthetic, than some other language.ࠚAnother scheme of this sort divided languages into four morphologic types, isolating, agglutinative, polysyllabic, and inflecting. Isolating languages were those which, like Chinese, used no bound forms; ࠙in agglutinative languages the bound forms were supposed merely to follow one another, Turkish being the stock example; polysynthetic languages expressed semantically important elements, such as verbal goals, by means of bound forms, as does Eskimo; inflectional languages showed a merging of semantically distinct features either in a single bound form or in closely united bound forms, as when the suffix -ō in a Latin form like amō ‘I love’ expresses the meanings ‘speaker as actor,’ ‘only one actor,’ ‘action in present time,’ ‘real (not merely possible or hypothetical) action.’ These distinctions are not co-ordinate, and the last three classes were never clearly defined.ࠚ ࠙ᚑࡗ࡚㸪ㅖゝㄒ㛫ࡢࡕࡀ࠸ࡣ⤫ㄒㄽࡼࡾࡶᙧែㄽ࠾࠸࡚ࡁ࠸ࠋࡑࡢ ࡕࡀ࠸᪉ࡀ࠶ࡲࡾࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࡢ࡛㸪⡆༢࡞ศ㢮ἲࢆ௨ࡗ࡚ࡋ࡚ࡣゝㄒࢆᙧែㄽࡢ㠃࡛ศ㢮ࡍ ࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠚࡑ࠺࠸࠺ศ㢮ἲࡢ୍ࡘ࡛ࡣ㸪㝃ᒓᙧᘧࢆࢃࡎࡋ⏝࠸࡞࠸ศ ᯒⓗ㸦analytic㸧ゝㄒ㸪ࡑࢀࢆከࡃ⏝࠸ࡿ⥈ྜⓗ㸦synthetic㸧ゝㄒࢆศࡅࡿࠋ ୍࠙᪉ࡢ➃ࡣ ㏆௦ࢩࢼㄒࡢࡼ࠺࡞ศᯒⓗ࡞ゝㄒࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㏆௦ࢩࢼㄒ࡛ࡣྛ༢ㄒࡣ୍㡢⠇ࡢᙧែ⣲㸪 ࣇ࣮ࣞࢬ. 」ྜㄒ㸪 ྃ ༢ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪉ࡢ➃ࡣ࢚ࢫ࣮࢟ࣔㄒࠓEskimoࠔࡢࡼ࠺࡞㧗ᗘ⥈ྜⓗ࡞ゝ ㄒࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࢚ࢫ࣮࢟ࣔㄒ࡛ࡣ㝃ᒓᙧᘧࡀ㛗ࡃࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚༢୍ࡢ༢ㄒࢆసࡿ㸪ࡓ࠼ࡤ ࠝa˘wlisa-ut-iss/ar-si-niarpu-Naࠞ ࠓI am looking for something suitable for a fish-line, ఱ㔮⣒Ⰻ ࠸ࡶࡢࡣ࡞࠸᥈ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠔ ࠋࡋࡋࡇࡢ༊ูࡣ㸪㏆௦ࢩࢼㄒࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᴟ➃࡞ሙྜࢆ㝖࠸࡚ࡣ㸪 ┦ᑐⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢇ࡞ゝㄒࡶ࠶ࡿⅬ࡛ࡣࡢ࠶ࡿゝㄒࡼࡾศᯒⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࠶ࡿⅬ࡛ࡣࣚ ࣜ⥈ྜⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠚࡇࡢ✀ࡢศ㢮ἲࡣࡲࡓ㸪ㅖゝㄒࢆᅄࡘࡢᙧែㄽⓗࢱࣉศࡅ࡚Ꮩ❧ⓗ 㸦isolating㸧 ࠊ⭺╔ⓗ㸦agglutinative㸧 ࠊ」⥈ྜⓗ㸦polysynthetic㸧 ࠊᒅᢡⓗ㸦inflecting㸧ࡍࡿࡶࡢ ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋᏙ❧ⓗゝㄒࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡣࢩࢼㄒࡢࡼ࠺㸪㝃ᒓᙧᘧࢆ⏝࠸࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠙⭺╔ ⓗゝㄒ࡛ࡣᒓᙧᘧࡀ༢㡰ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡔࡅࡔ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࢺࣝࢥㄒࡀࡑࡢ࠾ᐃࡲࡾࡢ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋ」⥈ྜⓗゝㄒࡣពୖ㔜せ࡞せ⣲㸦ࡓ࠼ࡤືモࡢ࣐ࢺ㸧ࢆᒓᙧᘧࡼࡾ⾲ࡍࡶࡢ ゝࢃࢀࡓࠋࡣ࢚ࢫ࣮࢟ࣔㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᒅᢡⓗゝㄒࡣពୖูࠎࡢㅖ≉ᚩࢆ༢୍ࡢᒓᙧᘧࡢ୰ ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᐦ᥋⤖ྜࡋࡓᒓᙧᘧࠝ」ᩘࠞࡢ୰ࠊྜࢃࡏᣢࡘࡶࡢࡉࢀࡓࠋ࠼ࡤࣛࢸ ࣥㄒࡢ amōࠓI loveࠔࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧᘧ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᥋ᑿ㎡ -ō ࡣࠊ ࠕヰᡭࡀࢩࢸ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ ࠊ ࠕࢩࢸࡣ୍ே ࡔࡅࠖ ࠊ ࠕ⌧ᅾ࠾ࡅࡿືసࠖ ࠊ ࠕ⌧ᐇࡢ㸦༢ྍ⬟ⓗ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ௬ᐃⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸧ືసࠖ࠺ព ࢆ⾲ࢃࡍࠋ௨ୖࡢᅄࡘࡢ✀㢮ࡣ࠸ᑐ➼࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࢀ᭱ᚋࡢ୕ࡘࡣࡗ࡚᫂░ᐃ⩏ࡉ ࢀࡓࡇࡀ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠚ ࠖ ࡇࡢࠊ୰ᅜㄒࡢලయᛶࢆᣦࡍࡿ⪅ࡶ࠸ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢࢢࣛࢿ㸦M.Granet㸧Ặࡣ ḟࡢࡼ࠺ゝ࠺ࠋ ࠕ…, le Chinois parle au contraire un langage fait pour peindre et non pour classer, un. 21.
(26) 14. 太田. 斎. langage fait pour évoquer les sansations les plus particulieres et non pour définir et pour juger, un langage admirable pour un poète ou pour un historien, …୰ᅜேࡢ⏝࠸ࡿゝㄒࡣᥥࢆ➨୍⩏ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊศ 㢮ࡢᶵ⬟ࡣࡢḟ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ࠶ࡿ≉ᐃࡢලయⓗ࡞࣓࣮ࢪࢆ㉳ࡉࡏࡿⅬ࡛ࡣඃࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊពࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓࡾࠊุ᩿ࢆୗࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡣ౽࡞ゝㄒ࡛࠶ࡾࠊリேࡸṔྐᐙ ᑛࡤࢀࡿゝㄒ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࠖ 㸦 ࠕQuelques particularités de la langue et de la pensée chinoises ୰ᅜㄒ୰ᅜᛮࡢ≉ᚩࠖp.184㸧(13)㧗ྡถ Gāo Míngkăi Ặࡢࠗ₎ㄒㄒἲㄽ࠘p.68 ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕ୰ᅜㄒࡢ≉ᚩࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜㄒࡣල㇟ⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᩘ⌔⋢ⓗ࡛ ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ゝ࠸⾲ࡍࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋල㇟ⓗ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ୰ᅜㄒࡢ⾲⌧࠾࠸࡚ᥥ ࡍࡁᑐ㇟ࢆయⓗࡘලయⓗ⾲ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡇࢆᣦࡍࠋᩘ⌔⋢ⓗࡣከࡃ ࡢࢆ୍ࡘ୍ࡘ┦⊂❧ࡋࡓせ⣲ࡋ࡚୪࡚࠸ࡃࡀࠊᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ᴫᛕࡣ⏝࠸ࡎࠊ୍ࡘ୍ ࡘࡢ⢏ࡢ୪᪉ࡽయࡢㄽ⌮㛵ಀࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢁࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ୰ᅜࡢゝ ㄒࡣලయⓗᐇࢆ⾲⌧ࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡣ㠀ᖖ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᢳ㇟ⓗᴫᛕࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿⅬ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢㅖゝㄒࡢ᫂ᬓࡉࢆᣢࡕᚓ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࠖ 㸰㸬࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥẶࡢࡇࡢၥ㢟㛵ࡍࡿㄽ⪃ࡓࡿࠗGrammata Serica㸦₎ᩥ㸧 ࠘ぢ࠼ࡿ⤫ィࡼ ࢀࡤࠊᖹࠊୖࠊཤࡢኌㄪࡢูࢆィ⟬ධࢀ࡞࠸ሙྜࡔࠊ࠾ࡼࡑ 2250 ࡢ␗࡞ࡗࡓ㡢⠇ࡀᏑᅾࡍ ࡿࠋࡲࡓⴷྠ㱭Ặࡢࠗୖྂ㡢㡩⾲✏࠘ᣐࢀࡤࠊ⯎ኌ 2965ࠊධኌ 696ࠊ㒊࡛ 3661 ࡢ␗࡞ࡿ 㡢⠇ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋణࡋࠊⴷẶࡢࠗ⾲✏࠘ࡣୖྂࡢ㔜Ꮚ㡢ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࡶࡋࡇࢀࢆࡶྵࡵࡿ 4000 ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ. *ඖࠊ ࠕ୰ᅜㄒⓗ≉㉁ཬኚ㑄ໃࠖࡢ㢟࡛ࠗ㝣㞧ㄅ࠘➨ 9 ᕳ➨ 12 ᮇ 1954.12.31 pp.11(375)-14(378) ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓࠋᚋࠊ㝣㞧ㄅ♫⦅㍴ጤဨࠗ㝣㞧ㄅㄒᩥ ྀ᭩࠘➨ 1 ㍴➨ 3 1963.10 pp.23-26 㘓ࡉࢀࡓࠋ. ヂὀ (1) ཎᩥࠕㄒ yŭwèiࠖ ࠋ௨ୗࠊ ࠕ᭱ᑠࡢゝㄒ༢㸦ᙧែ⣲㸧 ࠖヂฟࡍࡿࠋ (2) ࠕ㕡妨姀抬ᷕ㻊⫿䘬≇䓐ࠖp.117 ࠕɃ炻⯙㗗婒↉㗗㚱シ佑䘬㚨⮷╖ỵ䘬妨炻ᶱɃ㸦ヂ㸸͐ࡘࡲ ࡾࠊซࡑពࢆᢸ࠺᭱ᑠ༢࡛࠶ࡿࠕゝࠖࡣ͐㸧 ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊp.128 ࡢト୕ࠕ忁ᾳȾ㚨⮷ㆸ佑䘬 枛ỵ䳬媪ᷳ妨ȿ䘬⭂佑㗗⎹Ἦ婾妨䘬⮎晃ㅱ䓐䘬㧁㸾ˤ㘂役㲐慵䲼䓐Ⱦ夳嗽↮惵ȿ䘬奨溆Ἦ↮㜸 婆妨䘬㥳忈炻ᶵỮ䓐⬫Ἦ㯪枛ỵ炻᷎ᶼ怬゛䓐⬫Ἦ娵↢妨䘬╖ỵˤ㚨娛䘬㍸嬘嶇婒㖶夳 Zellig S. Harris, Methods in Structural Linguistics, 剅≈⒍炻ᶨḅḼᶨ炻䈡⇍㗗枩ᶨḼℕ军Ḵᶨℓˤ 㸦ヂ㸸ࡇࡢ ࠕ᭱ᑠࡢពࢆᢸ࠺㡢⣲ࡽᡂࡿࣘࢽࢵࢺࢆ͆ゝ͇ゝ࠺ࠖ࠸࠺ᐃ⩏ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛͆ゝ͇ࢆㄽ ࡎࡿᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡢᐇ㝿㐺⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓᇶ‽࡛ࠊ㏆ᖺࠊ ͆ࡣࡗࡁࡾぢ࡚ྲྀࢀࡿࡶࡢࢆ௨ࡗ࡚ ࡾᙜ࡚ࡿ͇࠸ࡗࡓぢ᪉ࡔࡅ㢗ࡗ࡚ゝㄒࡢᵓ㐀ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇࡀ㔜どࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞ࡸࡾ᪉࡛㡢⣲ࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࡑࢀࢆ௨ࡗ࡚͆ゝ͇ࡢ༢ࢆ㆑ูࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀ 㛵ࡍࡿ᭱ࡶヲࡋ࠸㆟ㄽㄝ᫂ࡣࢮࣜࢵࢡ࣭㹑࣭ࣁࣜࢫࡢࠗᵓ㐀⩏ゝㄒᏛࡢ᪉ἲ࠘,ࢩ࢝ࢦ, 1951, ≉ pp.156-218 ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋᮏᩥト࡛⾲⌧ࡀ㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊᨵゞࡼࡗ࡚ᑐ. 22.
(27) 周法高 中国語文研究. 訳注. 15. ᛂࡋ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸽ࡇࢀ௨እ࡛ࠕmorpheme ᙧែ⣲ࠖࢆࠕゝࠖ⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿⴭ᭩ࠊㄽᩥࡣᮍ☜ㄆࠋ ࠗㄒゝၥ㢟࠘, ྎ‴ၟົ༳᭩㤋, 1968.11, pp.53-54 ࡢト㸯ࠕㆹ㚦䴻ḇ䓐忶ĩ役Ἦᶵ⣏䓐Ī䭉㚨⮷ ╖ỵ㚱シ佑䘬娆䳈⎓Ⱦ妨ȿ 炻 Ⱦᶲ叔妨㚠ȿ忁ᾳȾ妨ȿ 炻 ȾŮŰųűũŦŮŦȿ㗗Ⱦ妨ȿ 炻ㆾ侭⎓Ⱦ妨ỵȿ 炻 Ⱦmorphȿ ẋ堐⎴ᶨᾳ娆䳈墉柕⸦ᾳᶵ⎴䘬㕡⺷炻吋⃰䓇婒㗗⎓Ⱦ⎴ỵ婆ȿ 炻Ἀ⤪㝄䓐Ⱦ妨ȿ䘬娙炻⯙㗗Ⱦ⎴ ỵ妨ȿ ˤ忁⸦ᾳ⎵娆怬天嶇⣏⭞⓮妶ˤ ᪥ヂ㸸⚾ࡣ௨๓ࠊពࢆᢸ࠺᭱ᑠ༢ࡢ༢ㄒᵓᡂせ⣲ࢆ͆ゝ͇ࢇࡔࡇࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦᭱㏆ࡣ వࡾࢃ࡞࠸㸧 ࠋ ͆ୖゝ᭩㸸ᩘゝࡢᮏ͇ࡢ͆ゝ͇࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ͆morpheme͇ࡣ͆ゝ͇ࡶࡋࡃࡣ͆ゝ ͇ࡪࠊ ͆morph͇ࡀྠࡌ༢ㄒᵓᡂせ⣲ࡢᗄࡘࡢ␗࡞ࡿࡸࡾ᪉ࢆ⾲ࡍࡇ࡞ࡿࠋⴷ㸦ྠ 㱭㸧ඛ⏕ࡢㄝࡣ͆ྠㄒ͇ࡪࡢࡀⰋ࠸ゝ࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡋ͆ゝ͇ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ࡞ࡽࠊ ͆ྠ ゝ͇࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢྡモࡣ࡞࠾ⓙ᳨࡛ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ (3) ࢣࢿࢹㄽᩥࡣ 1928 ᖺⓎ⾲ࡉࢀࡓࠊࢥࣟࣥࣅᏛᏛኈ࡛ࠊୖᾏ࡛ Commissioner of Education ࢆົࡵࡓ⤒㦂ࢆᣢࡘ Chen Ho-chin ࡀᣦࡋࡓ◊✲ᣐࡿ࠶ࡿ(ࢣࢿࢹㄽᩥ㑅㞟 p.112)ࠋChen Ho-chin ࡣ㝞㭯⍆ Chén Hèqínࠋ࿘ἲ㧗ࡣࡇࡇ࡛ᢅࡗ࡚࠸ࡿၥ㢟ࢆࡧྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࠊ ࠕMonosyllabism of Chinese Reconsidered㸦₎ㄒ༢㡢⠇ゝㄒㄽ⪃㸧ࠖ㸦㸪ࠗΎ⳹Ꮫሗ࠘1982.4㸪 pp.105-110㸹ᚋ PAPERS IN CHINESE LINGUISTICS AND EPHIGHRAPHY㸦₎ㄒゝㄒᏛ㔠▼Ꮫ ㄽ㞟㸧ࡢ➨භ␒┠ࡢㄽᩥࡋ࡚᥇㘓(pp.71-75)㸧࠸࠺ㄽᩥࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ᭱ึࡢ࣮࣌ࢪ₎Ꮠ⾲ グࡀぢ࠼ࡿࠋ㝞㭯⍆ࡣᩍ⫱⪅ࡋ࡚ⴭྡ࡛㸦≉ᗂඣᩍ⫱㸧 ࠊⴭస㞟ࡶฟ࡚࠸ࡿࠋCommissioner of Education ࡣ 1928 ᖺࠊୖᾏබඹ⛒⏺ࡢ⳹ேᩍ⫱ฎ࡛ฎ㛗ࢆົࡵࡓࡇࢆᣦࡍᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࢣ ࢿࢹࡀ౫ᣐࡋࡓⴭ᭩/ㄽᩥࡣlj䃎億᮷៹⭘ᆇᖉNJ(ѝ㨟ᮉ㛢᭩䙢⽮࠺ 5)ˈ୶उঠᴨ佘ˈ1928.6㸪 116p.㸦ᚋࠗ㝞㭯⍆㞟࠘➨ 6 ᕳ㸦㝞⚽ப 㝞୍㣕⦅㸪㬅ตฟ∧ఏ፹㞟ᅋ Ụ⸽ᩍ⫱ฟ∧♫㸪2008.8㸪 pp.55-114 㘓)ࠋᮏᩥࠕ༑ᩘࠖᴫᩘ࡛♧ࡍ㡢⠇ᩘࡣ 902,658 ࠶ࡿࠋణࡋࢣࢿࢹࡀ ࠕⓗࠖ ࠊ ࠕࠖࢆ᥋ᑿ㎡ࡍࡿࡶࡢࢆ 45,360ࠊ10 ಶࡢ᥋ᑿ㎡ࡢࡘ࠸ࡓ」㡢⠇ㄒᩘ 109,502 ࡍࡿ ࡢࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞⟬ฟἲᣐࡿࡢศࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ㝞᭩ࡣࠕࠖ 㸦29,592㸧 ࠊ ࠕⓗࠖ 㸦12,829㸧࡞୍ Ꮠẖࡢฟ⌧ᩘࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡀ᥋ᑿ㎡࠺ࡢ༊ูࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿヂ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊヨ ࡳࡇࡢ㸰Ꮠࡢ⥲ฟ⌧ᩘࢆ㊊ࡋ࡚ࡶ 45,360 ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠕᆅࠖ 㸦2,603㸧 ࠊ ࠕᚓࠖ 㸦4,324㸧ࢆࠕⓗࠖ ࡢ⏝ྵࡵ࡚ࡶࡸࡣࡾ 45,360 ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ㝞᭩ࡣ⤫ィᩘ್ࡀ୪ࡪࡤࡾ࡛ࠊ⏝ࢥ࣮ࣃ ࢫࡢཎᩥࡀᥦ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿヂ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊㄞ⪅ࡀᩘ࠼┤ࡍࡇࡣྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ (4) ኌẕཬࡧ㡩ẕࡢᩘࡢῶᑡࢆᣦࡍࠋཎᩥࠕㄒ㡢ⓗ⡆ࠖ ࠋ (5) ୍ࡘࡢᏐ㸦ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㡢⠇ྠ⩏㸧ࡪࡉࡿ㡢ࡢ㧗ప᪼㝆ࡢࡇࠋ༢ኌㄪゝ࠸࠼࡚ࡶࡼ ࠸ࠋ (6) Ύࡣ↓ኌࠊ⃮ࡣ᭷ኌࢆពࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆ᭦⣽ศࡋࡓࠊΎ㸦↓ኌ↓Ẽ㡢㸧 ࠊḟΎ㸦↓ኌ᭷ Ẽ㡢㸧 ࠊ⃮㸦᭷ኌ㡢㸧 ࠊḟ⃮㸦㰯㡢㸧࠸࠺ศ㢮ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ (7) ཎᩥࠕㄒ㡢ⓗ༢⣧ࠖ 㸦p.6㸧 ࠋ ࠕㄒ㡢ⓗ⡆ࠖ 㸦p.4㸧ྠ⩏ࡳ࡞ࡍࠋὀ(3)ཧ↷ࠋ (8) ࠼ࡤすᏳ᪉ゝࠕ༙ࠖ ࠝpæ ཤኌࠞ 㸦㸺pan㸧 ࠗ₎ㄒ᪉㡢Ꮠᙡ࠘p.163 ࡼࡿࠋ (9) ὀ(4)ཧ↷ࠋ (10) ὀ(2),(5)ཧ↷ࠋ. 23.
(28) 16. 太田. 斎. (11) ཎᩥࠕ㡢⣲ࠖ ࠋࡰ segment ᑐᛂࠋ㡢⠇ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ୍ࡘ୍ࡘࡢ㡢ࢆᣦࡍࠋ࡞࠾୰ᅜㄒ࡛ phoneme ࢆࠕ㡢⣲ࠖヂࡍࡇࡀ࡞࠸ヂ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ㏻ᖖࡣࠕ㡢ࠖ࠸࠺ヂㄒࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣᖖࠕ㡢⣲ࠖ࠸࠺ヂㄒࢆᙜ࡚࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࢬࣞὀពࠋ (12) ࣆࣥࣥ⾲グ࡛ࡣ yiࠋ (13) ࡇࡢᘬ⏝ࠊᘬ⏝㒊ศࡢ๓ᚋࢆྵࡵࡓᙧ࡛ཎᩥཬࡧࡑࡢヂᩥࢆ௨ୗ♧ࡍ㸸 ࠕTands qu’un Français, par exemple, possède, avec sa langue, un merveilleux instrument de discipline logique, mais doit peiner et s’ingenier s’il veut traduire un aspect particulier et concret du monde sensible, le Chinois parle au contraire un langage fait pour peindre et non pour classer, un langage fait pour évoquer les sansations les plus particulieres et non pour définir et pour juger, un langage admirable pour un poète ou pour un historien, mais le plus mauvais qui soit pour soutenir une pensée claire et distincte, puisqu’il oblige les opérations qui nous semblent les plus nécessaires à l’esprit, à ne se faire jamais que de façon latente et fugitive. (p.184) ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࡣࣇࣛࣥࢫேࡗ࡚ࡢㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞࣮ࣝࣝᚑ࠺⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸㐨ල࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ ࡑࢀ࡛እ⏺ࡢලయⓗࠊಶูⓗ࡞㠃ࢆ⾲ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࠊᕤኵࡋⱞປࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㐨ල࡛ࡶ ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀᑐࡋ࡚୰ᅜேࡣᥥࡃࡢ┦ᛂࡋ࠸ࡀࠊศ㢮ࡍࡿࡢ┦ᛂࡋࡃ࡞࠸ゝㄒࠊ㠀ᖖಶ ูⓗ࡞ឤぬࢆ㉳ࡍࡿࡢࡣ┦ᛂࡋ࠸ࡀࠊつᐃࡋุ᩿ࡍࡿࡢ┦ᛂࡋࡃ࡞࠸ゝㄒࢆヰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢゝㄒࡣリேࡸṔྐᐙࡗ࡚ࡣ⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸ࡀࠊ᫂☜࡞ᛮࢆᨭ࠼ࡿࡣ᭱ᝏ࡞ ゝㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊᡃࠎࡗ࡚ࡶࡢࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡢ᭱ࡶᚲせᛮࢃࢀࡿసᴗࡣ୰ᅜㄒ࡛ࡣ ₯ᅾⓗࡘ็㑣ⓗ࡞ᙧ࡛ࡋ⾜࡞࠼࡞࠸ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠖ. ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸦ⴭ⪅ࡢࣝࣇ࣋ࢵࢺ㡰㸧 ிᏛ୰ᅜㄒゝᩥᏛ⣔ㄒゝᏛᩍ◊ᐊ ࠗ₎ㄒ᪉㡢Ꮠᙡ࠘ , ᩥᏐᨵ㠉ฟ∧♫, 1962.9, 272p.㸹➨㸰∧, 1989.6, 370+19p. Bloomfield, Leonard㸦ࣈ࣮࣒ࣝࣇ࣮ࣝࢻ㸧 ࠗLanguage㸦ゝㄒ㸧 ࠘, 1933㸹㑥ヂ ୕ Ꮿ㬨࣭᪥㔝㈨⣧ヂࠗゝㄒ࠘, ಟ㤋᭩ᗑ, 1962.11.30, 948p. Carr, Denzel㸦࣮࢝㸧 ࠕThe polysyllabicity of the Modern Chinese͆National Language͇ 㸦⌧௦୰ᅜㄒࡢከ㡢⠇ᛶ㸧ࠖ, Rocznik Orientalistyczny, Warsaw, 10,1934, pp.51-76 Chao Yuen Ren㸦㉿ඖ௵㸹Zhào Yuánrèn㸧 ࠗCantonese Primer㸦⢚ㄒධ㛛㸧 ࠘ 㸦ⱥᩥ㸧 ,242p. &ࠗCharacter text for Cantonese Primer㸦⢚ㄒධ㛛㸧 ࠘,112p., Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1947 Chao Yuen Ren㸦㉿ඖ௵㸹Zhào Yuánrèn㸧 ࠗMandarin Primer㸦ᅜㄒධ㛛㸧 ࠘ 㸦ⱥᩥ㸧, 336p. & ࠗCharacter text for Mandarin Primer㸦ᅜㄒධ㛛₎Ꮠࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ㸧 ࠘,. 24.
(29) 周法高 中国語文研究. 訳注. 17. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1948, 142p. ๓⪅ࡢࡳࡣࣜࣉࣜࣥࢺ࠶ ࡾ㸹୰ᅜㄒヂ ᮤᰤヂࠕᅜㄒㄒἲ⥘せࠖ ࠗ᪂ᘓタ࠘4:1,1951,pp.41-43;2,pp.42-44; 3,pp.34-37 ཎⴭࡢ pp.37-59 ᩥἲࡢ㒊ศࡢࡳ㸹ᮤᰤ⦅ヂ ࠗிཱྀㄒㄒἲ࠘, 㛤᫂᭩ᗑ, 1952, 60p.㸹୰ᅜ㟷ᖺฟ∧♫, 1953 ∧ ཎⴭ➨୕❶ࢆ⦅ヂ ⴷྠ潊㸦Dŏng Tónghé㸧 ࠗୖྂ㡢㡩⾲✏࠘, ▼༳, ୰ኸ◊✲㝔Ṕྐㄒゝ◊✲ᡤ, ᮤ Ⲯ, 1944.12㸹 ࠗ୰ኸ◊✲㝔Ṕྐㄒゝ◊✲ᡤ㞟ห࠘➨ 18 ᮏ, pp.1-249, 1947.9㸹 ∧ ୰ኸ◊✲㝔Ṕྐㄒゝ◊✲ᡤ༢ห⏥✀அ༑୍, 1967.6, 249p.㸹ࡇࡢ᭩ ࡣ㇂ኖಙ⦅ࠗⴷྠ㱭ࠕୖྂ㡢㡩⾲✏ࠖ⣴ᘬ࠘, 㔗⳹᭩ᯘ, 1969.1 ᗎ, 201+12+6p.ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊୖྂ㡢ࡢ⣴ᘬࡋ࡚⏝࡛ࡁࡿࠋྠ⣴ᘬࡣྎ‴ࡢࣜࣉ ࣜࣥࢺࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ de Francis, John㸦ࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫ㸧 ࠗNationalism and Language Reform in China㸦୰ᅜ ࠾ࡅࡿࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ゝㄒᨵ㠉㸧 ࠘, 1950, Prinston U. Press, Prinston, 306p. 㧗ྡถ㸦Gāo Míngkăi㸧 ࠗ₎ㄒㄒἲㄽ࠘, 㛤᫂᭩ᗑ, 1948, 696p.㸹ᨵゞ∧ ⛉Ꮫฟ ∧♫, 1957, 544p. Granet,Marcel㸦ࢢࣛࢿ㸧 ࠕQuelques particularités de la langue et de la pensée chinoises 㸦୰ᅜㄒ୰ᅜᛮࡢ≉ᚩ㸧ࠖ,ࠗRevue Philosophique de la France et de l’Étranger㸦ဴᏛ㞧ㄅ㸧 ࠘, Vol.89, Janvier à Juin 1920, pp.98-128;161-195㸹ࡇࡢ ㄽᩥࡣᚋࠗEtudes sociologiques sur la Chine ୰ᅜ㛵ࡍࡿ♫Ꮫⓗ◊✲࠘ 㸦 Bibliotheque de sociologie contemporaine ⌧ ௦ ♫ Ꮫ ᩥ ᗜ 㸧 , Presss Universitaires de France, 1953, 301p. 㘓ࡉࢀࡓࠋ᪥ヂ㸸㇂⏣Ꮥஅࠗ୰ᅜ 㛵ࡍࡿ♫Ꮫⓗ◊✲࠘ⴭ⪅⮬༳, ᭸᭩ᗑⓎ 1999.7 ヱㄽᩥࡣ pp.125-203 ణࡋࡇࡢヂᩥࡣవࡾࡶ⏕◳ࠋ Karlgren,Bernhard㸦࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥ㸹㧗ᮏ₎㸧 ࠗSound and Symbol in Chinese.㸦୰ᅜ ㄒࡢ㡢㡩ᩥᏐ㸧 ࠘, Oxford U.Press, ͆World's Manuals Language &Literature Series͇, London, 1923㸹ඖࡣ Oedet och Pennnan i Mittens Rike. Svevska andels f rlaget, Stockholm., 196p.㸹୰ᅜㄒヂ ᙇୡ⚘ヂࠗ୰ᅜㄒ୰ᅜᩥ࠘ 㸦ⓒ⛉ᑠ ྀ᭩㸧, ၟົ༳᭩㤋, 1931.9, 150p.㸹᪥ヂࠕᨭ㑣ㄒࡢ㡢㡩ᩥᏐࠖ, ᒾᮧᚸ࣭ 㨶㏉ၿ㞝ヂࠗᨭ㑣ゝㄒᏛᴫㄽ࠘ᩥồᇽ᭩ᗑ, 1937 365p.㘓 pp.1-136㸧 Karlgren,Bernhard㸦࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥ㸹㧗ᮏ₎㸧 ࠗPhilology and Ancient China.㸦୰ᅜ ゝ ㄒ Ꮫ ◊ ✲ 㸧࠘ ,Instituttet for sammenlignende kulturforskning, Serie A ;. 25.
(30) 18. 太田. 斎. Forelesninger.H.Aschehoug & Co.Oslo, 167p. 1926; Reprinted in Japan, 㔗⳹᭩ ᯘ, 1977.12.15㸹୰ᅜㄒヂ ㈡ᫀ⩌ヂࠗ୰ᅜㄒゝᏛ◊✲࠘ 㸦ᅜᏛᑠྀ᭩㸧, ၟ ົ༳᭩㤋, 1934.6, 190p.㸹᪥ᮏ㔗⳹᭩ᯘᙳ༳, 1977.12.15㸹㑥ヂࠕゝᩥᏛྂ ௦ᨭ㑣ࠖ, ᒾᮧᚸ࣭㨶㏉ၿ㞝ヂࠗᨭ㑣ゝㄒᏛᴫㄽ࠘, ᩥồᇽ᭩ᗑ, 1937, 365p. 㘓 pp.137-306㸧 Karlgren,Bernhard㸦࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥ㸹㧗ᮏ₎㸧 ࠗGrammata Serica,Script and Phonetics in Chinese and Sino-Japanese.㸦₎ᩥ㸧 ࠘, B.M.F.E.A., Stockholm., Vol.XII, pp.1-471., 1940; Reprnted in Peking, 1941㸹ྎ‴࡛ࡶఱᗘࣜࣉࣜࣥࢺࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࡀࠊලయⓗ࡞ห⾜ᖺࡣᢕᥱࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸧㸹ࡇࡢ᭩ࡣᨵゞ∧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠗGrammata Serica Ricenca㸦ᨵゞ₎ᩥ㸧࠘, The Museum of Far Erstern Antiquities Stockholm, Bulletin N:o 29, Stockholm, 1957;ᙳ༳, 1972 332p.㸹୰ᅜ ㄒヂ ₫ᝅ㞼ࠊᶫࠊ㝞㔜ᴗࠊᙇὥ᫂ࠗ₎ᩥ㸦ಟゞᮏ㸧 ࠘, ୖᾏ㎡᭩ฟ ∧♫, 1997.11, 725p. Karlgren,Bernhard㸦࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥ㸹㧗ᮏ₎㸧 ࠗThe Chinese Language, An Essay on its Nature and History.㸦୰ᅜࡢゝㄒ̿ࡑࡢ≉㉁Ṕྐࡘ࠸࡚̿㸧 ࠘, 1949, The Ronald Press Co., New York, 1949㸹୰ᅜㄒヂ㸸ᮭᐜヂࠗ୰ᅜㄒஅᛶ㉁ཬṔ ྐ࠘ 㸦୰⳹ྀ᭩㸧, ୰⳹ྀ᭩⦅ᑂጤဨ, 1963.5, 174p.㸹᪥ヂ㸸ཎಙ୍ࠊ㎷ ဴ㞝ࠊ┦ᾆᮿࠊす⏣㱟㞝ヂࠗ୰ᅜࡢゝㄒ ࡑࡢᛶ㉁Ṕྐࡘ࠸࡚࠘, Ụ ༡᭩㝔, 1958.2.9, 229p. Kennedy, George A.㸦ࢣࢿࢹ㸧 ࠕMonosyllabic Mith㸦༢㡢⠇ࡢ⚄ヰ㸧 ࠖ,ࠗJournal of the American Oriental Society㸦⡿ᅜᮾ᪉Ꮫሗ㸧࠘71-3, 1951.9.15, pp.161-166㸹ᚋࠗSelected Works of George A.Kennedy㸦ࢣࢿࢹㄽᩥ㑅㞟㸧 ࠘, Edited by Tien-yi Li(ᮤ⏣ព), Far Eastern Pub.,Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 1964, pp.104-118 㘓㸧 ᮤ᪉᱇ 㸦Li,Fang-kuei㸹Lĭ Fāngguì㸧 ࠕReview of J. de Francis, Nationalism and Language Reform in China㸦 㸦᭩ホ㸧ࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫࠗ୰ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ゝㄒ ᨵ㠉࠘ 㸧 ࠖ,ࠗInternational Journal of American Linguistics㸦ᅜ㝿࣓ࣜ࢝ゝㄒᏛ ሗ㸧 ࠘, 17-4, 1951, pp.255-259 ⨶ᖖᇵ㸦Luó Chángpéi㸧 ࠗ၈௦す᪉㡢࠘ 㸪ᅜ❧୰ኸ◊✲㝔Ṕྐㄒゝ◊✲ᡤ༢ ห⏥✀அ༑, 1933, 224p.. 26.
(31) 周法高 中国語文研究. 訳注. ㉿ඖ௵㸦Zhào Yuánrèn㸧 ࠗ⌧௦࿋ㄒⓗ◊✲࠘Ύ⳹Ꮫᰯ◊✲㝔ྀ᭩➨ᅄ✀, 1928.6, 135p.;1935.3㸹∧㸦㝃ㄪᰝ⾲᱁㸧 ⛉Ꮫฟ∧♫, 1956.11, 255p.㸹ྎ‴ࡢࣜ ࣉࣜࣥࢺࡣᪧ∧ࡼࡿ ㉿ඖ௵㸦Zhào Yuánrèn㸧 ࠕ㕡妨姀抬ᷕ㻊⫿䘬≇䓐ࠖ,ࠗ⚳䩳ᷕ⣖䞼䨞昊昊↲䫔ᶨ廗 ㄞ䤅㛙⭞槲⃰䓇ℕ⋩㬚婾㔯普࠘, 1954.6, pp.117-128 ㉿ඖ௵㸦Zhào Yuánrèn㸧 ࠗㄒゝၥ㢟࠘, ྎ‴ၟົ༳᭩㤋, 1968.11㸦ඖࡣྎ‴Ꮫ ࠾ࡅࡿㅮ₇ࡢグ㘓ࠋ᭱ึࠊᅧ❧ྎ‴ᏛᩥᏛ㝔ྀหஅ୍ࡋ࡚ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ⾲⣬ྎ‴ᏛᩥᏛ㝔༳⾜࠶ࡿࡀࠊዟࡀ↓࠸ࠋᗎẸᅜ 48 ᖺ 4 ᭶ 12 ᪥࠶ࡿࠋᕳᮎࡢⱥㄒ⾡ㄒ⣴ᘬࡶ↓࠸ࠋⱥㄒ⾡ㄒ⣴ᘬࡣ 1968 ᖺࡢ∧࡛㝃 ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡽࡋ࠸ࠋ㝣࡛ࡶ⡆యᏐ∧ࡀฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓࠋⱥㄒ⾡ㄒ⣴ᘬ࠶ࡾࠋ ၟົ༳᭩㤋, 1980.6㸧 ࿘ἲ㧗㸦Zhōu Făgāo㸧 ࠕホ㧗ᮏ₎ࠕཎጞ୰ᅜㄒⅭኚㄒㄝࠖ 㸦࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥẶࡢ ཎጞ୰ᅜㄒᒅᢡㄒࡘ࠸࡚㸧 ࠖ, ࠗ㝣㞧ㄅ࠘≉ห➨㸯㍴, 1952.7, pp.241-253㸹 ࿘ἲ㧗ࠗ୰ᅜㄒᩥㄽྀ࠘, ṇ୰᭩ᒁ, 1963.5 㘓 pp.67-83 ࿘ἲ㧗㸦Zhōu Făgāo㸧 ࠕ୰ᅜㄒἲᮐグ㸦୰ᅜㄒᩥἲࣀ࣮ࢺ㸧 ࠖ, ࠗṔྐゝㄒ◊✲ᡤ 㞟ห࠘➨ 24 ᮏ, 1953.6, pp.197-281㸹࿘ἲ㧗ࠗ୰ᅜㄒゝᏛㄽᩥ㞟࠘, ᓫᇶ᭩ᗑ, 1968.12 㘓ࠋ pp.349-433㸧 ࿘ἲ㧗㸦Zhōu Făgāo㸧 ࠕྂ㡢୰ⓗ୕➼㡩වㄽྂ㡢ⓗἲ㸦ྂ㡢ࡢ୕➼㡩ཬࡧྂ㡢 ࡢ⾲グἲࡘ࠸࡚㸧 ࠖ, ࠗṔྐゝㄒ◊✲ᡤ㞟ห࠘➨ 19 ᮏ, 1948.10, pp.206-233㸹 ࿘ἲ㧗ࠗ୰ᅜㄒゝᏛㄽᩥ㞟࠘, ᓫᇶ᭩ᗑ, 1968.12 㘓ࠋpp.125-150 ణࡋ ➨ᅄ⠇๐㝖 ࿘ἲ㧗㸦Zhōu Făgāo㸧 ࠕྂ௦ⓗ⛠ᩘ㸦ྂ௦ࡢᩘ㔞⾲⌧㸧 ࠖ, ࠗ୰ኸ◊✲㝔㝔ห࠘ ➨㸯㍴, 1954.6, pp.129-212. 27. 19.
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