ࠕ⪃ᕤグࠖࡢࠕ㩚ே స㠜ࠖ࠸࠺ྃ ࡢࠕ㠜ࠖࡢᏐᑐࡋࠕ༉ 㸦*pHiIt㸹
**pHjiet㸹 K.*pHi9e(t㸹
**pHi9e(t㸧Ꮫ㸦*ƒok㸹
**gr´wk㸹
K.*ƒA*k㸹**gHô㸬k㸧
㸪㡢ᶝ㸦*pHok㸹
**pHrewk㸹K.*pHA*k㸹**pHu(k ู
*buk㸹**bewk㸹K.*bHuk㸹
**bHukࠊ*puk㸹**pewk
㸹
K.*puk㸹
**pukࠊ*pHuk㸹**pHewk㸹
K.*pHuk㸹**pHuk࠸࠺㡢ࡶ࠶ࡾࠋ ኴ⏣⿵㸸 ࠕ༉ゅࡢษࠖࠕ㡢ᶝࠖࡢ♧ࡍᏐ㡢ࡀ ᚲࡎࡋࡶྠࡌࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡣ㝈
ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋู ≀ゎ㔘ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽᚋ ⪅ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡢᏐ㡢ࢆ
᥇⏝ࡍࡁỴᐃ࡛ࡁ
࡞࠸㸧ࠋࠖ 㸦
㠜ࡢⓎ㡢ࡣ༉ Ꮫࡢࠋ
ᫀ᐀ࡣᶝྠࡌⓎ㡢ㄞࡵࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧࠸
࠺ ὀࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࠗᗈ㡩 ࠘ぬ㡩࡛ࡣࠕ㠜㸪༉㸦
*pHiIt㸹K.*pHi9e(t㸧ゅ㸦*kok㸹K.*kA*k㸧
ษࠋࠖ 㸦
㠜ࡣ༉ゅࡢษ㸧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࡽᡃࠎࡣࠕ༉ ࠖࠕ㠜 ࠖ
ࡣ ኌẕࡀྠࡌࠊࠕᏛࠖࡶࡋࡃࡣࠕゅࠖࡣࠕ㠜 ࠖ㡩ẕࡀྠࡌ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ▱ࡿࡇ
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
㸦
5㸧㡩᭩㡩ᅗࠋ⌧Ꮡࡍࡿ၈௨
ᚋࡢࠊ࠼ࡤ၈௦ࡢࠗษ㡩࠘㸦⣔㡩 ᭩㸧ࡸඖ௦ ࡢࠗ୰ཎ㡢㡩࠘࠸ࡗࡓ㡩 ᭩ࠊᡈ࠸ࡣ ࠼ࡤࠗ㡩㙾 ࠘ࡸ ࠗษ㡩ᣦᤸ ᅗ࠘࠸ࡗ ࡓ 㡩ᅗࡣᙜࡢኌẕ㡩ẕࡀ య⣔ ⓗ⌧ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸦
6㸧ᑐ㡢ࠋ୰ᅜㄒᵝࠎ࡞ゝㄒࡢ㛫ࡣ࠸㡢ヂ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓᏐࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᡃࠎ
ࡣࡑࢀࡽࡼࡗ࡚ᙜࡢⓎ㡢ࢆ ᥎ ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ࠼ࡤ₎௦௨㝆 ࣥ
ࢻ
ࡸす
ᇦࡢゝㄒࡽ㡢ヂࡉ ࢀࡓᩍ 㛵ಀ ࡢྡモ ࡀ࠶ࡿࡋࠊ
၈௨ᚋࡢࢳ࣋ࢵࢺㄒࠊ࢘
ࢢ ࣝㄒࠊࣔ ࣥࢦࣝㄒࠊ
‶ᕞㄒ࡞₎ㄒࡢ㛫ࡢᑐ㡢㈨ᩱࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᙜࡢ Ⓨ㡢ࢆ▱ࡿᡭࡀࡾ࡞ࡿࠋ
㸦1㸧ࡽ㸦5㸧ࡲ࡛ࡢ㡯 ┠ࡽࡣ࠶ࡿᏐࡀ࠶ࡿⓎ㡢ྠࡌ㏆࠸ࠊᡈ ࠸ࡣኌ ẕ ࡶࡋࡃࡣ㡩ẕࡀྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺㸦㛵
ಀࡢ㸧ሗࡋศࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡔࡽᙜ
ࡢⓎ㡢ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀ࠺࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࡇࢀࡽࡽࡣศࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋ㸦6㸧ࡽࡣồࡵࡿⓎ㡢㏆࠸ Ⓨ㡢ࡢᡭࡀࡾࢆᚓ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡋ
ࡋࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࡲࡔయീ ࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿࡣ࡞࠾༑ ศ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼ᡃࠎࡣ⌧
௦᪉ゝᇦ እ᪉ゝ
(10)
㢗ࡗ࡚ẚ㍑◊✲ࢆ⾜ࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠸ࢃ
ࡺࡿࠕẚ㍑◊✲ἲࠖࡣከࡃࡢྠࡌぶ᪘㛵ಀ࠶ࡿゝㄒࡶࡋࡃࡣ᪉ゝ
ࡽ ཝᐦ࡞ἲ๎ᛶᇶ࡙ ࡁࠊࡑࡢ♽ㄒࢆ
ᵓࡍࡿࡇࢆゝ࠺ࠋᩥ⊩グ㘓ࡢ࡞࠸௦㛵 ࡋ࡚ࡣࡇࡢ᪉ἲࡣࡾࢃࡅ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤ㸯㸷ୡ⣖௨᮶ࠊゝㄒᏛ⪅
ࡣ
ࢠࣜࢩࣕㄒࠊࣛࢸࣥㄒࠊࢧࣥࢫࢡࣜࢵ ࢺ࡞ࡢྛ✀ࡢࣥ
ࢻ࣭࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ ㄒ
᪘ᒓ ࡍࡿゝㄒᇶ࡙ ࡁࠊࡑࡢ♽ㄒࢆ
ᵓࡋࡓࠋణࡋẚ㍑◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࡁ
᪥ヂ
ኴ⏣⿵
60
ᩥ⊩㈨ᩱࡼࡿ
ಟṇࢆᚲせࡍࡿࠋ ࣮࢝ࣝࢢ ࣞࣥ㸦B.Karlgren㸧ࡣḟ ࡢࡼ࠺ゝ
࠺ࠋࠕAs Holger Pedersen
1 has expressed it: if merely from the forms of the modern Teutonic languages we were to try to reconstruct an Ancient Teutonic parent form for the word corresponding to the Latin cornu, i.e. from Eng. Germ. Scand. horn, Du. hoorn we should get horn, but certainly not horna, which we now know it to have been, for instance through the inscription on the famous golden horn Gallehus, and otherwise.࠙
Likewise there may have been in Indo-European various things that none of the derived languages reveals, and which we therefore never reach by our reconstructon.ࠚ
᪥ヂ㸸
࣮࣭࣍ࣝ࢞
࣌ࢹࣝࢭࣥ㸦Holger Pedersen㸧ࡀ㏙࡚ࢄࡿ
ዴࡃࠝὀࠞ㸪ⱝࡋࡶ
ᡃࠎࡀ㏆௦
ࢳ࣮ࣗࢺࣥㅖㄒࡢᙧ ែࡢࡳࡽࣛࢸࣥㄒࡢ cornu ༶ ࡕⱥ ㄒ㸪ࢻ
ࢶㄒ
㸪ࢫ࢝ࣥࢴࢼࣦㄒࡢ horn㸪࢜ࣛࣥࢲㄒࡢ hoorn ᙜࡿྂ௦ࢳ
࣮ࣗࢺࣥ♽
ㄒࡢཎᙧ ࢆᵓᡂࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪
hornࢆᚓ ࡿࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡘ࡚ᐇ㝿ࡢཎᆺ
horna
ࢆ ᚓࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࡽ࠺ࠋࡇࢁࡀᐇ㝿ୖࡣ࢞ࣞ
ࣇࢫ㸦Gallehus㸧ฟ
ᅵࡢ㔠ゅ 㸦golden horn㸧ࡢ㖭 ࡸ ࡼࡘ࡚ཎᆺ ࡣ horna ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀุ᫂
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠙ ࡃࡢዴࡃࣥ
ࢻ࣭
࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ♽ㄒࡢ୰ࡣࡑࡢὴ⏕ゝㄒࡽࡣᢳ ฟྍ ⬟࡞
㸪ᚑࡘ࡚ᵓᡂ ࡋ⬟ ࡣࡠ ࡶࡢࡀᩘࠎ Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋ ࠚ ࠖ 㸦ࠗPhilology and Ancient China ୰ᅜゝㄒᏛ◊✲࠘
p.86㸹 ₎ヂ
p.89㸹ᒾᮧ࣭㨶㏉ヂࠗᨭ㑣ゝㄒᏛᴫㄽ࠘p.220ࠝཎⴭ⪅
ὀࠞ
1.H.Pedersen,Sprogvidenskaben i det nittonde aarhundrede 19ୡ⣖ࡢゝㄒᏛ,1924,p.247.㸧
(11)ࠊࠕAnd no matter how
zealously and thoroughly one might study the Romance languages, comparing French, Portuguese, Spanish, Rhaeto-Romanic, Italian, and Rumanian, one would never be able to reconstruct more than the roughest outline of Vulgar Latin from which they all developed.࠙
This reconstruction would deviate considerably from the Vulgar Latin, which we fortunately know from written sources. In the same way I clearly knew that even some scores of widely divergent Chinese dialects could only lead me to a very rough reconstruction of an earlier stage―unless I could draw upon materials of other kinds.Such materials, however, happily turned out to be available.ࠚ
ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ࣭࣏ࣝ
ࢺ
࢞ࣝㄒ࣭ࢫ࣌ ࣥㄒ࣭ࣞࢺࣟ ࣮࣐ ࣥㄒ࣭ࢱ࣮ࣜㄒ࣭ ࣮࣐ࣝࢽࣖㄒࢆẚ㍑ࡋ
࡚
㸪࠸⇕ᚰᚭᗏ ⓗ࣮ࣟ
࣐ࣥㅖㄒࢆ◊✲ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢࡍ࡚ࡀⓎ
ᒎࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ ㄒࣛࢸࣥ㸦Vulgar Latin㸧ࡢࡊ ࡗࡥ ࡞㍯㒌ࡋ
ᵓᡂ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠙ ࡇࡢᵓ ᡂࡣ㸪 ⚾ࡓࡕࡀᖾ㐠 ࡶ᭩ࡁࡢࡇࡉ ࢀࡓᮦᩱࡼࡘ࡚▱ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿ
ㄒࣛࢸࣥࡽ㸪࡞ࡾ㞳ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋྠᵝࡋ࡚㸪ࡶࡋ⚾ࡀࡢ✀㢮ࡢᮦ
ᩱࢆ⏝࠸࡞࠸࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡣ࡞ࡣࡔࡋࡃศᒱࡋ࡚࠸ࡿㅖ᪉ゝࡢグ
㘓ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ ྂ࠸
ẁ㝵ࡢ㠀ᖖࡊࡗࡥ࡞ᵓᡂࡋ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ㸪 ⚾ࡣࡼࡃ▱ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡓࠋࡋࡋ
㸪ࡿࡢᮦ
ᩱࡀᙺࡓࡘ࠸࠺ࡇࡀᖾ࠸ࡋ࡚ࢃࡗࡓࡢ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋ ࠚ ࠖ㸦ࠗ
The Chinese Language, An Essay on its Nature and History୰ᅜㄒࡢᛶ ㉁
ࡑࡢṔྐ࠘
p.34㸹₎ ヂ
pp.35-36㸹᪥ヂ pp.29-30࠙ࠚ 㒊ศࡣᘬ⏝ᙜࡾ┬␎ 㸧
(12)㸱㸬㸱㸬୰ྂ㡢ୖྂ㡢ࡢ᥎ᐃࡢࡋࡓ
୰ྂ㡢ࡢ ᥎ᐃࡘ࠸࡚᭱ ࡢᡂᯝࢆ ࡵࡓேࡣゝ࠼ࡤࠊ࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥẶࢆ
ᣲࡆࡡ ࡤ࡞ࡿࡲ࠸ࠋ࢝ ࣮ࣝࢢࣞࣥẶ௨๓ࡶࠊᗄேࡢ
࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢᐉᩍᖌࡸ
ࢩࣀࣟࢪࢫࢺࡀྠᵝࡢ◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ࡞࡛ẚ㍑ⓗᴗ⦼
ࡢ࠶ࡗࡓே
ࡋ࡚ࡣ࣌ ࣜ࢜ 㸦
P.Pelliot㸧࣐ࢫ࣌ࣟ㸦
H.Maspero㸧ࡢேࡀ࠸ࡿࠋ࢝ ࣮ࣝࢢ
ࣞࣥẶࡢ୰ ྂ㡢ࡢᯟ⤌ ࡳࡢ᥎ᐃࡣከࡃࢆᩥ⊩㈨ᩱ̿̿ࠗ ษ㡩࠘㡩ᅗ
ᣐࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢୖ࡛⌧௦᪉ゝ
ᇦእ᪉ゝ㸦ᮅ 㩭ࠊ᪥ᮏࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒₎Ꮠ㡢 㸧ࢆ⏝ࡋ
࡚ 㡢౯ࢆุ ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠼ࡤࠗษ㡩࠘ࡣ㸱
⤌ࡢኌẕࡀ࠶ࡿ㸸
x㸦➃ẕ
㸧
y㸦㏱ẕ㸧
z㸦ᐃẕ㸧 ℿ ᷄
ி tan t’an t’an
ᗈᕞ tan t’an t’an
⚟ᕞ tang t’ang tang
ୖᾏ
tä t’ä däx1
㸦⢭ ẕ㸧
y1㸦Ύẕ 㸧
z1㸦 ᚑẕ㸧
㈶ 㣶
ṧ
ி tsan ts’an ts’an
ᗈᕞ tsan ts’an ts’an
⚟ᕞ chang ch’ang chang
ୖᾏ
tsä ts’ä dzä㸱㸬㸱㸬୰ྂ㡢ୖྂ㡢ࡢ᥎ᐃࡢࡋࡓ
62
x2
㸦ᖝ ẕ㸧
y2㸦⁘ẕ 㸧
z2㸦
୪ẕ㸧
༙ ุ
┙ி pan p’an p’an
ᗈᕞ pun p’un p’un
⚟ᕞ puang p’uang puang
ୖᾏ
pe p’e be㸦ୖᥖ⾲ཬࡧ௨ୗࡢࡇࢀ㛵ࡍࡿㄝ᫂⌧ࢀࡿt’, ts’, p’ࡢ ’ ࡣaspirationࢆ⾲ࢃࡍ㸧
ୖࡢ᪉ゝࡢ ࡽ x,x
1,x2ࡀࠊt,ts㸦⚟ᕞࡣ
ch㸧,pࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࠸ࡎ
ࢀࡶ↓ ኌ↓Ẽ㡢ኌẕ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ㸹
y,y1,y2ࡢ᪉ࡣࠊt’,ts’㸦⚟ᕞࡣ
ch'㸧,p’ࡢࡼ࠺
࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ↓ ኌ᭷Ẽ㡢ኌẕ ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀぢ࡚ࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋ୕␒
┠ࡢ z,z
1,z2࡞ࡿࡸࡸ」㞧࡛ࠊ
ிBĕijīng
ᗈᕞGuăngzhōu࡛ࡣ↓ ኌ᭷Ẽ 㡢ኌẕ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ␒ ┠ࡢ y,y
1,y2ࡃྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࠊ⚟ᕞ
Fúzhōu࡛
ࡣ
t,ch,p ↓ኌ↓Ẽ㡢ኌẕ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ୍␒┠ࡢ x,x
1,x2ࡃྠࡌࡓࡕ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀୖᾏ
Shànghăi࡛ࡣ d,dz,b ᭷ኌ㡢ኌẕ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ
࠺࡞≧ἣࡽᡃࠎࡣ୕ࡘࡢ⤌ࡢ㐪࠸ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊx,x
1,x2ࡣඖࠎ↓ኌ↓Ẽ㡢ኌẕ
t,ts,p࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢ㸹
y,y1,y2ࡣඖ ࠎ↓ኌ᭷Ẽ㡢ኌẕ t’,ts’,p’ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢ㸹ࡇࢀ
ᑐࡋ
z,z1,z2ࡣඖ ࠎࡣ᭷ኌ㡢ኌẕ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢࠊ࠸࠺ࡩ࠺⤖ㄽ ࡙ࡅࡿࡇ
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ࡽࠊᡃࠎࡣࡢࡼ࠺ࠗษ㡩࠘ࡢᯟ⤌ ࡳࢆ᪉ゝ↷ࡽࡋྜ ࢃ ࡏࢀࡤซ ࡢ᥎ᐃ㡢ࢆ ᚓࡽࢀࡿࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࡀศࡿࠋࡋࡋ⌧௦᪉ゝࡽ
ఱ ➼ࡢᡭࡀࡾࡶᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ ሙྜࡣࠊᩘ✀ࡢᇦ እᑐ 㡢̿̿၈௦㸦භ ୡ
⣖ࡽ
ୡ⣖㸧ྲྀࡾධࢀࡽࢀࡓᮅ㩭ࠊ᪥ᮏࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡢ₎ Ꮠ㡢ཬࡧ₎
Კᑐ㡢 ࡀ ຓࡅ࡞ࡿࠋ
࠼ࡤࠊࠗษ㡩࠘ࡢḷ㡩ࡣ௨ୗ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑐᛂ≧ἣࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ḷ
Ἑ
ከ
⨶
ᗈᕞ㡢
ko ho to
lo ⚟ᕞ㡢
kO hO tO lO
ୖᾏ㡢
ku u tu lu ⢚┴㡢
k´ k´ t´ l´ ி㡢k´ h´ to lo 㛤ᑒ
㡢
k¨ h¨ to lo㬅ྎ
㡢
k¨a* h¨a* to lo ᮅ㩭₎Ꮠ㡢
ka ha ta na᪥ᮏ ₎Ꮠ㡢
ka ka ta ra࣋ࢺ
ࢼ࣒₎Ꮠ㡢
ka ha da laᡃࠎࡣ እᅜヂ㡢 ࡢ୰ḷ㡩 ࢆ â ࡍࡿ㡢ኌᙧᘧࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡢ
ࠊ ₎
Კᑐ㡢ࡶࠊ
࠼ࡤࠕᦶヅẝヅ⨶Móhēpíhēluó *muA^-XA^-bHji-XA^-lA^ࠖࡣࢧࣥࢫࢡ ࣜࢵ ࢺࡢ mahā-vihāra ࡢヂㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊ
ḷ㡩ᡤ
ᒓᏐࡀẕ㡢 a ࡛⌧ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀࡲ࡛
㏙࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡞᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ࢝ ࣮ࣝࢢࣞࣥࡣⴭࠗ୰ᅜ㡢㡩Ꮫ
◊✲࠘࠾࠸࡚ࠊ၈ึᮇ㸦
ୡ⣖㸧ࡢኌẕ㡩ẕࡢ㡢౯ࢆ᥎ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ
ᚋࠊᗄ ேࡢ◊✲⪅ࡼࡗ࡚ಟ ṇࢆཷࡅࡿⅬࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ ࢇࡢࡇࢁࡣ ࡇࡢⴭࡼࡗ࡚Ỵᐃࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓゝࡗ࡚Ⰻ࠸
㸦ཎὀ3㸧ࠋ
࣮࢝ࣝࢢ ࣞࣥẶࡣࡑࡢᚋ ୰ྂ㡢ࡢ ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆᇶ ᭦◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵࠊ࿘
⛙௦ࡢୖ ྂ㡢ࢆᵓࡋࡓࠋ౫ᣐࡋࡓ࡞ᩥ⊩
㈨ᩱࡣリ⤒ࡢᢲ㡩 ㄝᩥࡢㅊ ኌ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
࠼ࡤࠊ௨ୗ
ᥖࡆࡿᏐࡣリ⤒࡛ ࠸ᢲ㡩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ி㡢 ᗈᕞ㡢᪥ᮏ₎Ꮠ 㡢 ୰ྂ㡢 ୖྂ㡢
᮶
lai loi rai lâi 㸦l´g㸧㔛
li lei ri li 㸦li8´g㸧ᕫ
chi kei ki li㸦ki8´g㸧
⪥
´r i ni/zi n!zi㸦ni8´g㸧
ஂ
chiu kan kiu ki8´u㸦ki8w´*g㸧
᭷
iu iau iu: ji8´u㸦Vi8w´*g㸧
ᚓ
t´ tA*k tok t´k㸦t´k㸧
ᜥ
hsi sik soku* si8´k㸦si8´k㸧
⚟
fu fuk puku* pi8uk㸦pi8w´k㸧
ୖࡢ⾲㸦ୖྂ㡢ࡣண ࡵධࢀ࡚࠾࠸ࡓ㸧ࡽࠊᡃࠎࡣ୍ࡘࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ୰࡛ࠊ ẕ㡢⤊ࢃࡾࡢᏐ㌾
ཱྀ㡢 -k ࡛⤊ࢃࡿᏐࡀ ࠸㡩 ࢆ㋃ ࡴ㛵ಀ ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺
ࡇࢆぢ࡚ྲྀࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࢀᑐࡍࡿ
၏୍ࡢゎ㔘ࡣࠊୖྂ㡢࡛ࡣ -k
64
㏆࠸Ꮚ㡢㡩ᑿ ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡃ࡚ᡃࠎࡣࡑࢀࢆ -g ᥎ᐃࡍࡿ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ ࠊẕ㡢 㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶୖࡢㅖᏐࡣ せẕ㡢ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓぢ࡞ࡍࠋ
ㅊኌ⣔ิ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊẕ㡢⤊ࢃࡾࡢᏐࡀ -k 㡩ᑿࡢᏐྠࡌㅊኌ➢ࢆ
ඹ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ࡗࡓ
ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊධኌࡢࠕ
⚟㸦*piuk 㸹
**pjw´k㸹
K.*pi9uk㸹**pi9u(k㸧ࠖཤኌࡢࠕᐩ
㸦
*pi´u㸹
**pjw´r㸹
K.*pi9´9u-㸹
**pi9u(g㸧ࠖࡣඹࠕ⏾㸦*biuk 㸹
**bjw´k㸹K.*bHi9uk㸹**bHi9u(k㸧ࠖࢆኌ➢ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓධኌࡢࠕ㑳㸦*/iuk㸹
**/jw´k
㸹
K.*/i9uk㸹
**/i9u(k㸧ࠖࡣୖኌ ࡢࠕ᭷㸦*
ji´u㸹
**ƒjw´ƒ㸹
K.*ji9´9u˘㸹
**gi9u(g㸧ࠖ
ࢆ ኌ➢ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋධኌᏐࡢࠕ
⚟㸦*
piuk㸹
**pjw´k㸹
K.*pi9uk㸹
**pi9u(k㸧ࠖࠕ
㑳㸦
*/iuk㸹**/jw´k㸹K.*/i9uk㸹**/i9u(k㸧ࠖࡣ୰ྂ㡢ࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡣ㌾ཱྀᏊ㡢㡩ᑿ -k
ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ࠕᐩ 㸦*pi´u 㸹
**pjw´r㸹
K.*pi9´9u-㸹
**pi9u(g㸧ࠖࠕ᭷㸦*ji´u㸹
**ƒjw´ƒ㸹
K.*ji9´9u˘㸹**gi9u(g㸧ࠖࡣୖྂ㡢ࡢ௦࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣ㌾ཱྀᏊ㡢㡩ᑿ
ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ
㐪
࠸࡞࠸ࠋᡃࠎࡣࡑࢀࢆ -g ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࠊ୍Ꮠከㄞࡽࡶࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵
ಀࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
࠼ࡤࠊࠕᅝ㸦*ji´u㸹**ƒjw´ƒ㸹K.*ji9´9u-㸹**gi9u(gࠊ*jiuk㸹**ƒjw´k㸹K.*ji9uk㸹**gi9u(k㸧ࠖࡣษ㡩ࡣཤኌࡢࠕᑬ
㸦
*ji´u㸹**ƒjw´ƒ㸹 K.*ji9´9u㸹
**gi9u(g㸧
ᩆ㸦*
ki´u㸹
**kj´w㸹
K.*ki9´9u-㸹**ki9o^g㸧ࡢࠖධኌࡢࠕ
ன㸦
*jiuo㸹**
ƒjwaƒ㸹
K.*ji9u㸹
**gi9wo㸧
භ㸦
*liuk㸹
**li´wk㸹
K.*li9uk㸹
**li9o^k㸧ࡢ
ࠖࡢ ࡘࡢ㡢ࢆ
㍕ࡏࡿࠋᚋ⪅ࡣ୰ྂ㡢࡛ࡣ㌾ཱྀ
Ꮚ㡢㡩ᑿࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡽࠊ ⪅ࡢୖྂ㡢ࡢ
ᙧᘧࢆ ƒi9w´&g
ƒi9w´&k࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡍࢀࡤ㸦ࡶⴷẶࡢ᥎ᐃ 㡢 ౯㸧ࠊ 㡢ኌⓗᴟࡵ࡚㏆࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࡀศࡿࠋࡲࡓ௬ Ꮠࡶ
-g
-k ࡢ㛵ಀ ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࠼ࡤࠊࠗリ⤒࠘ࡢࠕၟ㡴 ࣭⋞㫽ࠖ
ࠕ
[᪉དྷྡྷ㸪]᭷ ᭷ࠋ 㸦[
࠶ࡲࡡ᪉ ࡃདྷ
ࡑࡢྡྷ
ࡁ ࡳ
ࡵ ࠸ࡌࠊ
]ࡁ ࠺᭷
࠸ ࠺ࢆ
࠼ ࢇ᭷
࠸ ࠺ࡏࡋࡴ
㸸[ὠࠎᾆ ࠎ
࠸ࡓࡿࡲ࡛ㅖᅜࡢ ྩࢆ ࡌ࡚㸦ࡑࡢᆅࢆ ࡵࡉࡏ㸧ࠊ]୰ᅜᅵ
ᕞࢆ㡿᭷ࡉ ࡏࡓࠋ㸧ࠖ࠸࠺
ྃࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࠕ᭷ࠖࡣࠗᩥ㑅࠘
ᕳ35㡫24ࡢࠕ⥀∓ᇦ⨕
⋡ಫ 㸦
∓ࡇࡢ
ࡁ ࠺ᇦࢄ ࡁࢆ
⥀ࡸ ࡍࢇࡌࠊ
⋡ࡑ ࡘಫࡦࡏ
ࡊࡿࡣ⨕࡞ࡋࠋ
㸸ᕞࢆᏳᐃ ࡋ࡚ࠊ
⮧᭹ࡋ࡞࠸⪅ࡣ࠸࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㸧ࠖ㸦ཎ⏣
✀ᡂヂࠗᩥ㑅㸦ᩥ❶⠍㸧ୖ࠘
po.201-202㸧ࡢὀ࡛ ࡣ
㡑リ(13)ࡢࠕ[᪉
དྷྡྷ㸪]᭷ᇦࠋࠖࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠕᇦࠖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋୖྂ㡢࡛ࡣࠕ᭷ࠖࡣ D.**ƒi9w´(g 㸦
*ji´u㸹
**ƒjw´ƒ㸹
K.*ji9´9u˘㸹
**gi9u(g㸧㸹 ࠕᇦ ࠖࡣ D.**ƒi9w´(k 㸦
*jiuek㸹**ƒiw´k㸹K.*ji9w´k㸹**gi9w´k㸧࠸࠺ࡩ࠺㡢ࡀ㏆ࡗࡓࡽࠊᙜ
࡚Ꮠࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ࠕᇦࠖࡣࠗୖྂ㡢㡩⾲✏ ࠘ぢ࠼࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡇ࡛
ᣲࡆࡿ 㡢౯ࡣ࿘Ặࡀⴷ Ặࡢయ⣔ ྜ ࢃࡏ᥎ᐃࡋࡓࡶࡢ㸧ࠋ
௨ୖࠊ࿘
⛙ࡢ௦ࡢୖྂ㡢ࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ ᫂ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᡃࠎࡣḟ ࡢࡼ࠺ゝ࠼ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ᥎ᐃࡣ㒊ศࡀᩥ⊩㈨ᩱᇶ࡙࠸࡚࡞ ࡉ
ࢀࠊ⌧௦᪉ゝࡣ 㡢౯ࡢุᐃ ࡛ ⏝ࡉ ࢀࡿࡍࡂ ࡞ࡗࡓࠋᮏ᮶ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡽࡍ
ࢀࡤࠊ⌧௦ࡢㅖ᪉ゝᇶ࡙ ࡁࠊྛ᪉ゝࡢ᪩ᮇࡢẁ㝵㸦
࠼ࡤࠊ᪩ᮇᐁ
ヰࠊ᪩ᮇ
࿋ㄒࠊ᪩ᮇ㛼 ㄒࠊ᪩ ᮇ⢚ ㄒ࡞㸧ࢆᵓࡋࠊࡑࡇࡽࡇࢀࡽࡢ♽ ㄒࢆᵓ ࡍ
ࡿࡢ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡇࡑ
ẚ㍑᪉ἲࡀṇࡋࡃ㐺 ⏝ࡉ ࢀࡓ
ゝ࠸ᚓ ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ
㸦ཎὀ4㸧ࠋ
ୖྂ㡢୰ྂ㡢ࡢᵓࡣࠊ₎ ㄒ㡢㡩ྐ◊✲యࡽࡍࢀࡤ
㦵⤌ࡳࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࡍࡂ ࡞࠸ࠋྛ௦ࡢ≉ᚩ ྐⓗኚ㑄 ࡢ㊧ ࢆヲ ࡋࡃ◊✲ࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊ
ᚋࡢ㡢㡩ྐ◊✲⪅ࡢ௵ົ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ₎㨯භ
ᮅࡢ㡩ᩥ(14)ࡸ ษ
(15)ࠊᑐ 㡢
(16)࡞ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࿘
⛙㡢㝳
၈㡢ࡢ㛫ࡢ௦ࡢ㡢㡩ࢆᵓ ࡋࡓࡾࠊ୰ཎ㡢㡩
(17)
ࡸඖ௦ඵ ᛮᕮᩥᏐ
(18)࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࣔ ࣥࢦ ࣝᩥᏐࡢᑐ㡢
(19)ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ඖ௦
᪉ㄒࡢ 㡢㡩ࢆᵓࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ཎὀ
㸯㸬ᮏᩥࡣ Karlgren,B.࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥࠗThe Chinese Language, An Essay on its Nature and History ୰ᅜ ࡢゝㄒ―ࡑࡢ≉㉁Ṕྐࡘ࠸࡚―࠘pp.28-53 ⴷྠ㱭Dŏng Tónghéࠗ୰ᅜㄒ㡢㡩ྐ࠘ࢆཧ↷
ࡋࡓࠋ
㸰㸬㯤Ꮨ๛ඛ⏕ࡣࠕኌ㡩␎ㄝࠖ㸦୰ኸᏛᩥⱁྀหᕳᮇ㸧࡛ษࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ௨๓ࡢ㡢㡩ࢆ▱ࡿ ᡭࡀࡾࡘ࠸࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕษࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ௨๓ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㡢㡩ࢆㄪࡿᡭࡀ
ࡾࡣయࡢࡇࢁḟࡢ㸵ࡘࡔࡅ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸸㸯㸬ᙧኌࠊ㸰㸬㐃Ꮠࠊ㸱㸬㡩ᩥࠊ㸲㸬␗ᩥࠊ㸳㸬 ኌカࠊ㸴㸬ྜኌࠊ㸵㸬ᣲㄞࠋࠖࠖ㸦ࠗ㯤ㄽᏛ㞧ⴭ࠘㔜༳ᮏ, p.112㸧 ከࡃࡢࡀᣲࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ ཧ⪃ࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࡇࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ㐃Ꮠ㸦ኌ␚㡩ㄒ㸧ࠊኌカࠊྜኌ㸦ྜ㡢㡢⠇㸧ࡢ㸱ࡘ ࡣ㡢㡩◊✲ࡢୖ࡛ࡓࡿ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊᮏᩥ୰ࡣྵࡵ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
㸱㸬ᣋᩥࠕᗈ㡩㔜⣣◊✲ࠖࠊࠕษ㡩ษ㡩㨶㡩அ㡢ㄞཬὶኚ㸦ษ㡩㨶㡩ࡢ㡢౯ཬࡧࡑࡢኚ㑄㸧ࠖ
ࠕㄝᖹ㸦ᖹࡘ࠸࡚㸧ࠖ,ࠗṔྐゝㄒ◊✲ᡤ㞟ห࠘➨㸯㸱ᮏ㸹ࠕྂ㡢୰ⓗ୕➼㡩වㄽྂ㡢ⓗ
ἲ㸦ྂ㡢ࡢ୕➼㡩ࡑࡢ⾲グἲࡘ࠸࡚㸧ࠖ, ྠ➨㸯㸷ᮏ㸹ࠕ⋞ᛂษ⪃ࠖ, ྠ➨㸰㸮ᮏ㸹ࠕ୕➼
㡩㔜၁㡢ษୖᏐ◊✲ࠖ, ྠ➨㸰㸱ᮏࢆཧ↷ࠋ
㸲㸬࣐࣮ࢳࣥ㸦Samuel E. Martin㸧ẶࡢࠕThe Phonemes of Ancient Chinese㸦ྂ௦₎ㄒࡢ㡢⣲㸧ࠖ,ࠗ
࣓ࣜ࢝ᮾ᪉Ꮫห࠘㝃➨㸯㸴ྕ, 1953, p.5㸹࿘ἲ㧗ࠕㄽྂ௦₎ㄒⓗ㡢㸦ྂ௦₎ㄒࡢ㡢⣲ࡘ
࠸࡚㸧ࠖ,ࠗṔྐゝㄒ◊✲ᡤ㞟ห࠘➨㸰㸳ᮏ, p.15 ࢆཧ↷ࠋ
ヂὀ
ཎὀ
66
ヂὀ
(1) ẁ⋢ࠗභ᭩㡢㡩⾲࠘ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᖹ⏣ᫀྖࠕẁ⋢ࠗභ᭩㡢ᆒ⾲࠘ヂὀ㸦୍㸧࣭ᗎࠖ,ࠗᆒ࠸ࢇ♫ ㄽྀ࠘➨ᕳ➨୍ᮇ㸦No.6㸧, 1978.3.31, pp.16-34㸹ࠕྠ㸦㸧ࠖࠗྠ, ࠘➨ᕳ➨ᮇ㸦No.7㸧, 1978.10.31, pp.57-76㸹ࠕྠ㸦୕㸧ࠖ,ࠗྠ࠘➨භᕳ➨୍ᮇ㸦No.8㸧, 1979.5.21, pp.96-111 ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࡇࡢヂ ὀࡣࠗ㡢㡩Ꮫྀ᭩࠘ᮏ࡛࠸࠺ࠊ⾲୍ࡢ༑㡫⾲୍⾜┠ࡲ࡛࡛⤊ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࿋┬ḯࠕࠗභ᭩㡢 㡩⾲࠘ᗎࠖࡣ㸦୍㸧ヂὀࡀ㍕ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾᭩ྡ࡛ࠕ㡩ࠖࡢᏐࡀࠕᆒࠖ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ
ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㢗ᝳ┘ಟ࣭ㄝᩥ⦅ࠗㄝᩥධ㛛࠘, ಟ㤋᭩ᗑ, 1983.6.20, pp.99-100 ࢆཧ↷ࠋ (2) ࠕᐤᡝᮾཎඛ⏕᭩ࠖ ࡇࡢᡭ⣬ࡣࠗභ᭩㡢㡩⾲࠘ࡢᕳ㢌㍕ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠗ㡢㡩Ꮫྀ᭩࠘ᮏ࡛࠸
࠺ࠊ᭩ࡢ㡫⾲ඵ⾜┠ࡽ㡫⾲⾜┠ࡲ࡛ࠋᖹ⏣Ặࠕヂὀ㸦୍㸧ࠖヂὀ࠶ࡾࠋ࡞࠾᭩
≀⚾ಙࡀᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡣࠊࡇࡢ௦࡛ࡣู࠾ࡋ࡞ࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᙜࡣᏛࡶᏛ⾡ห
⾜≀ࡶ࡞ࡗࡓࡽࠊᏛ⪅ࡢ㆟ㄽࡣᴟࡵ࡚ࣉ࣮ࣛ࣋ࢺ࡞ᛶ᱁ࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᏛㄝୖࡢࣉࣛ
࢜ࣜࢸࡸⴭసᶒࡀၥ㢟࡞ࡿࡇࡣవࡾ࡞ࡃࠊᴟ㝈ࡽࢀࡓᏛ⪅ࡢ㛫࡛⦎ࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡓぢゎࡀࠊ
ࡸࡀ࡚ᙼࡽࡢ⚾ಙࢆ༳ๅࡍ࠸࠺ࡓࡕ࡛බ㛤ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋవィ࡞ࡇࡔࡀࠊ⫧ࡋ
࡚┦ࡢぢゎࡀ༑ศ⌮ゎࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡲࡲᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡿࡢᏛ࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽࡼࡾࡶࠊၥ㢟ព㆑ࢆ ඹ᭷ࡍࡿᑡᩘࡢඃࢀࡓ▱ᛶࡢࡪࡘࡾ࠶࠸ࡢ᪉ࡀ⏕⏘ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣࠊ༑ୡ⣖ึ㢌ࡢ㔞Ꮚຊ Ꮫࡢ㣕㌍ⓗⓎᒎ࡛ࡶぢཷࡅࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(3) ẁ⋢ࠕⲟỤ୕ㄽ㡩ࠖ,ࠗ⤒㡩ᴥ㞟࠘ᕳභࠋ୕ࡣỤ᭷ㄘࡢᏐࠋ
(4) ࠕ⸛ࠖࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥࠗ୰ᅜㄒࡢᛶ㉁ࡑࡢṔྐ࠘㸦p.31㸹ᮭヂ p.33㸹ཎ➼ヂ p.27㸧
᪤ぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ
࿘ἲ㧗ࠊⴷྠ㱭ࡣୖྂ㡢㔜Ꮚ㡢ኌẕࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓࡇࢆㄆࡵ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡀࠊㅊኌ➢ࢆඹ᭷ࡍ
ࡿ୍㐃ࡢヱᙜࡍࡿᩥᏐ⩌ࡢ࠺ࡕࡢࢀࡀ㔜Ꮚ㡢࡛ࢀࡀࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸ࡢࡣุ᩿ࡢࡋࡼ࠺ࡀ࡞
࠸ࡋ࡚ࠊලయⓗ࡞ಶࠎࡢᏐ㡢ࡢ᥎ᐃ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㔜Ꮚ㡢ࡣ⌧ࢀ࡞࠸㸦࿘Ặࡢሙྜࡣ୍㒊ぢࡽ
ࢀࡿࠋ
ex.ࠕ┘ࠖ**kram㸹 K.**klAm㸹 D.kam ࠕ℃ࠖ**lam㸹 K.**glAÈm㸹 D.laÈm ࠕㆰࠖ**pliwan㸹 K.**pli9An㸹 D.pi9wan ࠕḗࠖ**lwan㸹 K.**blwAÈn㸹 D.lwaÈn ࠕᠷࠖ**liwan㸹 K.**bli9wAn㸹 D.↓ࡋ㸧ࠋ
ࡑࢀᨾࠊࠕ⸛ࠖࡢᏐ㡢ࡢㄝ᫂ᙼࡽࡢ᥎ᐃ㡢౯ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ▩┪ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛࿘Ặࡀᣢࡕฟࡋ ࡓࡢࡣⴷྠ㱭ࡢ᥎ᐃ㡢౯࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ**lâm ࢆᩥ⬦ྜࢃࡏ࡚**glâm ᨵࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋⴷྠ㱭ࡢ
ࠗୖྂ㡢㡩⾲✏࠘ࡣ࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥ௨㝆ࡢᡂᯝࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓୖྂ㡢◊✲ࡢ௦⾲ⓗⴭస࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠ
᭩ࡣㄗ᳜ࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ⏝ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㇂ኖಙ⦅ࠗⴷྠ㱭ࠕୖྂ㡢㡩⾲✏ࠖ⣴ᘬ࠘ࢆཧ↷ࡍ
ࡿࡼ࠸ࠋㄽࠊࠗ₎Ꮠྂ㡢ᙡ࠘ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡶᵓࢃ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊḢ⡿࡛ࡣࢱㅖㄒࢆࢩࢼ࣭
ࢳ࣋ࢵࢺㄒ᪘ࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡀᙉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡶࡋࡑࢀࡀṇࡋ࠸ࡍࢀࡤࠊ ࡇࡇᣲࡆࡓࡣࠊྠ⣔ゝㄒ㛫ࡢྠ※ㄒࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⏝ㄒࡼࡾ₎ㄒࡢ
ྂ࠸≧ែࢆ᥈ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ
(5) チៅࡢࠗㄝᩥゎᏐ࠘ࡣ␎ࡋ࡚ࠗㄝᩥ࠘࠸࠺ࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋཎᆺࡣ᪩ࡃኻࢃࢀࡓࠋẁ⋢ࡀ୍
⏕ࢆࡅ࡚ࡑࢀࢆඖࡋࠊὀࢆࡋࡓࠋࡇࡕࡽࡢ᪉ࡣࠗㄝᩥゎᏐὀ࠘࠸࠺᭩ྡ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ␎
ࡋ࡚ࠗㄝᩥẁὀ࠘ᡈ࠸ࡣ༢ࠗẁὀ࠘ࡢࡳ⛠ࡉࢀࡿࠋࠗㄝᩥ࠘ࡢ௦⾲ⓗࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠋ
(6) 㖭ᩥࡢᏐᙧᛅᐇグࡏࡤࠊࠕࠖࡣࠕਐࠖࠊࠕᕶࠖࡣࠕ ࠖࠋࡇࡢ㰓ࡣ1933ᖺᏳᚯ┬ᑑ┴ᮒᐙ ᑁࡢᮤ୕Ꮩሁࡽ㔞ฟᅵࡋࡓᡓᅜᮎᮇࡢ㟷㖡ჾࡢ୰࡛ᴆࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢࡋ
࡚▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡰྠ୍ࡢ㖭ᩥࢆᣢࡘࠕᴆ⋤ୡ┙ࠖࡀ࠶ࡾࠊၥ㢟ࡢࠕᕶࠖࢆྵࡴࡶ
ࡢࡋ࡚ࡲࡓࠕ໗ࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࿘ㄽᩥ࡛ࡣࡇࢀࡽࡶᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㒌ἓⱝࡢ⪃ドᣐࢀࡤࠊᴆ
⋤ୡࡣࠗྐグ࠘ぢ࠼ࡿᴆ⋤⇃ࡺ࠺ࢇࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᗃ⋤㸦237-228 B.C.㸧ࡢࡇࠋࠕᕶࠖࡢᏐࡣ 㗪ᕤ⨫ྡᩥ୰⌧ࢀࠊ⫋ྡゎࡉࢀࡿࠋゎㄞࡣ࡞࠾ᐃㄝࢆぢ࡞࠸㒊ศࡶ࠶ࡿࠋᖹซ♫ࠗ᭩
㐨㞟࠘㸯୰ᅜ1Ẃ࣭࿘࣭⛙, 1965.6 ࡢNo.114ࠕᴆ⋤ୡ┙ࠖᣅᮏ┿ཬࡧࡑࡢㄝ᫂㸦pp.206-207 ᱵཎᮎࠊෆ⸨ᠾ⏦ᇳ➹㸧ཧ↷ࠋ⨶⋢ࠗ୕௦ྜྷ㔠ᩥᏑ࡛࠘ࡣᕳ㸲/17⾲―㰓ࡢࠊᕳ17/16
⾲┙ࡢࠊ18/27-28໗ࡢᣅᮏ┿࠶ࡾࠋࡑࡢ㔘ᩥࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⨶⚟㢇ࠗ୕௦ྜྷ㔠ᩥᏑ㔘ᩥ࠘, ࠕᩥᅄ㰓 6⾲ No.896ࠖࠊࠕᩥ༑┙ 5 No.4268ࠖࠊࠕᩥ༑ඵ┙ 9-10⾲ No.4437-4442ࠖཧ
↷ࠋࠊᮒᚨ⇊ࠕኖ┴ฟᅵᴆჾ㖭ᩥ⪃ࠖ,ࠗṔྐ◊✲࠘1954➨୍ᮇ㸦ᚋࠊࠗᮒᚨ⇊ྂᩥᏐㄽ㞟࠘,
୰⳹᭩ᒁ, 1995, pp.3-18㸧㸹ࠕᡓᅜᩥᏐ◊✲ࠖ,ࠗ⪃ྂᏛሗ࠘1972➨2ᮇ㸦ᚋࠊࠗᮒᚨ⇊ྂᩥᏐㄽ㞟࠘
pp.31-53㸧ࢆཧ⪃ࠊヱᙜ㒊ศࡣ࿘Ặࡢᙇ༶ࡋࡓᙧ࡛ࠊ㖭ᩥヨヂࢆᥖࡆࡿࠋ
ᴆ⋤ୡ㰓 ჾᩥ
ࠗᴆ⋤ୡ(⇃ࡢᙜ࡚Ꮠ) (ޕࡢᙜ࡚Ꮠ)ᡚ㞘(=⋓)ර㖡ࠋṇ᭶ྜྷ᪥㸪 (=ᐊࠋࠕᐿࠖࡢᙜ࡚
Ꮠ)㚲ႛ(=㚒)છ=㰓)㸪ປ(=௨)ඹ(=౪) აࠋਐ(=ࠊ༶ࡕ๛ࡢྂᏐ) (ᖌ)┙ᇣ (=ᕪࠋ ࠕబࠖࡢᙜ࡚Ꮠ) (⛙) (=) Ⅽ)அࠋ (=㞟ࠋむࡍࡿㄝࡶ࠶ࡾ)⬹(=ᗼ)ࠋڧᴆࠋ࠘
ヂ㸸ᴆ⋤⇃ࡣᡓࡗ࡚㟷㖡ࢆᚓࡓࠋṇ᭶ྜྷ᪥㸦ࡇࢀࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸧ࡀࡾ㚒㸦㰓ྠᵝ
୕ᮏ㊊ࡔࡀࠊ㊊ࡀ㛗࠸ჾ㸧ࠊ㰓ࢆ㗪㐀ࡋࠊ⚍♭ࡢ౪≀㸦ලయⓗࡣ⣽ࡃษࡗࡓ⫗㸧ࢆ┒ࡿࡢ
⏝࠸ࡿࠋ๛ᖌ㸦༶ࡕᕤᖌࠋ㗪ᕤࡢࡇ㸧┙ᇣࠊᕤ⛙ ࡇࢀࢆసࡿࠋ㞟ᗼ㸦ᐁ⫋ྡࠋ⋤ᐊᩱ
⌮㛗㸧ࠋڧᴆ㸦ᆅྡ㸽㸧ࠖ
ᩥ
ࠗᴆ⋤ୡ(⇃ࡢᙜ࡚Ꮠ) (ޕࡢᙜ࡚Ꮠ)ᡚ㞘(⋓)ර㖡ࠋṇ᭶ྜྷ᪥㸪 (ᐊࠋࠕᐿࠖࡢᙜ࡚Ꮠ) 㚲ႛ(㚒)છ(㰓)அ┋()㸪ປඹ(౪) აࠋ (㞟ࠋむࡍࡿㄝࡶ࠶ࡾ)⬹(ᗼ)ࠋਐ ᕶࠋ=
ᖌ)ཱི(=ྐ)⛙ (ᕪࠋࠕబࠖࡢᙜ࡚Ꮠ)ⱔ (⇩) (Ⅽ)அࠋ࠘
ヂ㸸ᴆ⋤⇃ࡣᡓࡗ࡚㟷㖡ࢆᚓࡓࠋṇ᭶ྜྷ᪥㸦ࡇࢀࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸧ࡀࡾ㚒㸦㰓ྠᵝ
୕ᮏ㊊ࡔࡀࠊ㊊ࡀ㛗࠸ჾ㸧ࠊ㰓ࡢࡩࡓࢆ㗪㐀ࡋࠊ⚍♭ࡢ౪≀㸦ලయⓗࡣ⣽ࡃษࡗࡓ⫗㸧ࢆ┒
ࡿࡢ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ๛ᖌ㸦༶ࡕᕤᖌࠋ㗪ᕤࡢࡇ㸧ྐ⛙ᕤᖌⱔ⇩ࡇࢀࢆసࡿࠋ ᴆ⋤ୡ┙
ࠗᴆ⋤ୡ(⇃ࡢᙜ࡚Ꮠ) ޕࡢᙜ࡚Ꮠ)ᡚ㞘㸦⋓㸧ර㖡ࠋṇ᭶ྜྷ᪥㸪 㸦ᐿ㸧 㸦㚲㸧 ᑡ㸦ᑠ㸧┙㸪ປඹ 㸦ა㸧ࠋਐ (ᕶࠋ=ᖌ)⣭(⤂)ᗓ (=ᕪࠋࠕబࠖࡢᙜ࡚Ꮠ)ⷉ㸦㝞㸧ඹ (Ⅽ)அࠋ࠘
ヂ㸸ᴆ⋤⇃ࡣᡓࡗ࡚㟷㖡ࢆᚓࡓࠋṇ᭶ྜྷ᪥㸦ࡇࢀࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸧ࡀࡾᑠ┙ࢆ㗪㐀
ྐ໗୍㸦㸻ྐ໗㸧
ヂ
ᇣ໗୍㸻㸦㸻ᇣ໗㸧
ヂ
⣭໗୍㸦㸻⣭໗㸧 ヂ
ᴆ⋤ୡ㰓 ჾᩥ
ヂ
ᩥ
ヂ
ᴆ⋤ୡ┙
ヂ
68
ࡋࠊ⚍♭ࡢ౪≀㸦ලయⓗࡣ⣽ࡃษࡗࡓ⫗㸧ࢆ┒ࡿࡢ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ๛ᖌ㸦༶ࡕᕤᖌࠋ㗪ᕤࡢࡇ
㸧⤂ᗓࠊᕤᖌ㝞ඹ ࡇࢀࢆసࡿࠋ㸦ࠕᕤᖌ㝞᯾ ඹྠ࡛ࡇࢀࢆసࡿࠖࡍࡁ㸽㸧 ྐ໗୍㸦㸻ྐ໗㸧
ࠗਐཱི(=ྐ) (⛙)ⱔ (⇩) (Ⅽ)அࠋ࠘
ヂ㸸๛㸦༶ࡕᕤࠋ㗪ᕤࡢࡇ㸧ྐ⛙ࠊⱔ⇩ࡇࢀࢆసࡿࠋ ᇣ໗୍㸻㸦㸻ᇣ໗㸧
ࠗਐ┙ᇣ (⛙) (ࠋࡢᙜ࡚Ꮠ) (Ⅽ)அࠋ㸦ཱི(㸻ྐ) (⛙)㸧 ࠘㸦 㸧ࡣࡢࡳ
ヂ㸸๛㸦༶ࡕᕤࠋ㗪ᕤࡢࡇ㸧┙ᇣࠊ⛙ࡇࢀࢆసࡿࠋ㸦ྐ(⛙)㸧 ⣭໗୍㸦㸻⣭໗㸧
ࠗਐ (⣭ࠋ=⤂)ᗓⷉ(㝞) (ඹ) (Ⅽ)அࠋ࠘
ヂ㸸๛㸦༶ࡕᕤࠋ㗪ᕤࡢࡇ㸧⤂ᗓࠊ㝞ඹࡇࢀࢆసࡿࠋ㸦ࠕ⿵బ㝞᯾ ඹྠ࡛ࡇࢀࢆసࡿࠖ㸽㸧 ࠗ⪁Ꮚ࠘ࡢ㡩ㄒࡸࠗᴆ㎡࠘ࡢᢲ㡩≧ἣࡽୖྂᴆ᪉ゝ࡛ࡣᮾ㒊㝧㒊ࡣ㏻ᢲࡍࡿ࠸࠺Ụ᭷
ㄘࡢᣦ㸦ࠕ⋤▼⮣ඛ⏕ࡇࡓ࠼ࡿ᭩ࠖ㸧ⴷྠ㱭ࠕ⯅㧗ᮏ₎ඛ⏕ၟᵅ͆⮬⏤ᢲ㡩͇ㄝවㄽୖྂᴆ ᪉㡢≉Ⰽࠖࡀ⌧௦†༡᪉ゝ࡛୰ྂࡢᮾ㙂㡩ࢆ aࡢࡼ࠺Ⓨ㡢ࡍࡿ᪉ゝࡸ㝧၈㡩ࢆ ࡢࡼ࠺
Ⓨ㡢ࡍࡿ᪉ゝࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ᰿ᣐࠊୖྂᴆ᪉ゝ࡛ᮾ㒊㝧㒊ࡢẕ㡢ࡢᑐ❧ࡀ 㸸 ࡢࡼ࠺࡞
ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿᙇࡍࡿࡢᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ࿘Ặࡣࠊᮾ㒊ࡢࠕᕤࠖ㝧㒊ࡢࠕ๛ࠖࡣⓎ㡢ࡀ㏆ࡗࡓࡓ
ࡵࠕᖌࠖ༶ࡕࠕ๛ᖌࠖࡀࠕᕤᖌࠖࡢᙜ࡚Ꮠࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓぢࡿࠋࠕᕤᖌࠖࡣ⫋ᕤࡢぶ᪉
ࢆゝ࠺ࠋࠕᕤࠖࡣࡲࡓࠕᐁࠖࡢᙜ࡚Ꮠࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࠕᐁᖌࠖࡶ㏻ࡎࡿࠋ Ụ᭷ㄘࡢࠕ⋤▼⮣ඛ⏕᭩ࠖࡣỤẶ㡢Ꮫ༑᭩➨୍ᕳ㢌ࡢࠕ᭩ࠖ➨24⾲―26⾲㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿ㸦 ༡ཝẶᡂ㒔หࠋᘅᩥ᭩ᒁᙳ༳ᖹᮏ㸧ࠋ⋤▼⮣ඛ⏕ࡣ⋤ᛕᏞࡢࡇࠋ➨ⴷྠ㱭ࡢㄽᩥࡣ Ṕྐㄒゝ◊✲ᡤ㞟ห➨ᮏ➨ᅄศ 1938.5 pp.533-543㸹ࡲࡓ㑥᪂⦅ࠗⴷྠ㱭ඛ⏕ㄒゝᏛㄽᩥ㑅 㞟࠘㣗㈌ฟ∧♫ 1974.11 pp.1-11᥇㘓ࠋ
࡞࠾ࠕਐᕤࠖࡣ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣࠕ෬ᕤࠖㄞࡴࡁࡍࡿㄝࡀ㏻⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࠊᮒᚨ⇊ࡶᚋ
ࡣࠕ๛ᕤࠖゎ㔘ࡍࡿㄝࡣᤞ࡚ࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡋࡑࢀᚑ࠼ࡤࠊ࿘Ặࡢㄽࡣࡃᡂࡾ❧ࡓ࡞
ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ᭱㏆ࡢᏛㄝࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᓲᜏ᪼ࠗᏳᚯฟᅵ㔠ᩥゞ⿵࠘,㯤ᒣ᭩♫,1988.11,pp.36-48ヲࡋ࠸ࠋ (7) ࡇࡢసရࡣ᪥ᮏᩥᏛࡶ⤯࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡓ᭷ྡ࡞సရ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ㠀ᖖ㛗࠸ࡀࠊ⏣୰ඞᕫ
Ặࡢヂࡶ௨ୗ㒊ࢆᥖࡆࡿࠋణࡋ᥎ᐃ㡢౯ࡣ࿘Ặࡢࡶࡢࡢࡳࢆᣲࡆࡿ㸸 tiānshēng lìzhì nán zì qì *tin a lii tit nn dzii kii
ኳ⏕㯇㉁㞴⮬Რ ኳ࡚ࢇ⏕ࡏ࠸ࡢ㯇ࢀ࠸㉁ࡋࡘ࠾ࡢࡎࡽᲠࡍ࡚ࡀࡓࡃ
࠺ࡲࢀࡘࡁࡢ⨾ㇺࡣࡋࡐࢇぢࡍ࡚ࡽࢀࡎ
yìzhāo xuăn zài jūnwángzè *it iæu siuæn dzi kiun jiu tiek
୍ᮅ㑅ᅾྩ⋤ഃ ୍࠸ࡘᮅ࡚࠺㑅࠼ࡽࡤࢀ࡚ྩࡃࢇ⋤ࡢ࠺ࡢࡓࡣࡽഃ ࠶ࡾࠋ
࠶ࡿ᪥ࡢࡇ㑅ࡧฟࡉࢀ࡚ⓚᖇࡢ࠾ࡑࡤࡸࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ huímóu yíxiào băiméi shēng *ui miu it siæu puak miei a ᅇ╎୍➗ⓒ⏕ ࡦࡳ╎ࢆࡵࡄࡽᅇࡋ୍࡚࠸ࡘ➗ࡏ࠺ࡍࢀࡤࡦࡸࡃⓒࡧࡋࡸ࠺⏕ࡌࠊ
ࡇࡢዪࡀ┠ࢆ࠺ࡈࡋ࡚➗࠺ࡓ࠸ࢇ࡞㨩ຊࡀฟ࡚ࡁ࡚
liùgōng fěndài wú yánsè *liuk kiu piun d miuo an ik භᐑ⢊㯳↓㢦Ⰽ භࡾࡃࡁࡺ࠺ᐑࡢ⢊ࡩࢇ㯳ࡓ࠸㢦ࡀࢇࡋࡼࡃⰍ࡞ࡋࠋ
භࡘࡢᐑẊ࠾ࡅࡋࡻ࠺⢝ࢆࡇࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿዪࡓࡕࡣࡳ࡞ぢ࠾ࡾࡀࡋࡓࠋ chūn hán cì yù Huáqīngchí *tiun n si iuok ua tsiæi
ᐮ㈷ᾎ⳹Ύụ ࡣࡿᐮࡉࡴࡃࡋ࡚ᾎࡼࡃࢆ㈷ࡓࡲࡩ⳹ࡃࢃΎࡏ࠸ࡢụ࠸ࡅ
ࡶࡲࡔᐮ࠸࠸࠺ࡢ⳹すࡏ࠸ࡁࡹ࠺ᐑࡢ Ἠࡣ࠸ࡿࡇࢆࡺࡿࡉࢀࡓࡀ wēnquán shuĭ huá xĭ níngzhī *un dziuæn iui sii ut ie tii
ἨỈὙจ⬡ Ἠ࠾ࢇࡏࢇỈࡳࡎ࡞ࡵࡽࡋ࡚ࡂࡼ࠺จ⬡ࡋࢆὙ࠶ࡽࡩࠋ
Ἠࡢࡣࡍࡿࡍࡿࡑࡢࡓࡲࡗࡓ⬡࠶ࡪࡽࡢࡼ࠺࡞ⓑ࠸⫙ࡑࡑ࠸ࡔࠋ shìér fú qĭ jiāo wú lì *di i biuo ki kiæu miuo liek
ౝඣᢇ㉳Ꮂ↓ຊ ౝࡌඣࡌᢇࡓࡍࡅ㉳࠾ࡇࡏࡶࡁࡸ࠺Ꮂࡋ࡚ຊࡕࡽ࡞ࡋ
ࡇࡋࡶࡓࡕࡀᡭࢆࡋ࡚ᾎᵴࡽฟࡋࡓࡀ࡞ࡼ࡞ࡼຊࡀࡠࡅࡓࡼ࠺ࠋ shĭ shì xīn chéng ēnzé shí *i di sin din ak di
ጞ᪂ᢎᜠἑ ጞࡣࡌࡵ࡚ࡇࢀ᪂࠶ࡽࡓᜠἑ࠾ࢇࡓࡃࢆᢎ࠺ࡃࡿࡁࠋ ࡇࢀࡀࡣࡌࡵ࡚ⓚᖇࡢ࠾ࢆࡓࡲࢃࡿࡢࡇࡔࡗࡓࠋ yúnbīn huáyán jīnbùyáo *jiun pin xua an kiem buo iæu 㞼㨎ⰼ㢦㔠Ṍᦂ 㞼࠺ࢇ㨎ࡧࢇⰼࡃࢃ㢦ࡀࢇ 㔠ࡁࢇṌᦂ࠼࠺
㞼ࡢࡼ࠺㧗࠸ࡲࡆࠊⰼࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢇࡤࡏࠊ㯤㔠ࡁ ࢇࡢࢇࡊࡋࡉࡋ࡚
fúróng-zhàng nuăn dù chūnxiāo *biuo iuo i nun duo t iun siæu Ⱗᖒᬮᗘᐘ Ⱗࡩࡼ࠺ࡢᖒࡤࡾ࠶ࡓࡓᬮࡋ࡚ࡋࡺࢇᐘࡏ࠺ࢆᗘࢃࡓࡿࠋ
Ⱗࡢⰼᶍᵝࡢࡤࡾࡢᬮ࠸ᐷᐊ࡛ኪࢆࡍࡈࡋࡓࠋ chūnxiāo kǔ duăn rì gāo qĭ *t iun siæu k uo tun it ku k i
ᐘⱞ▷᪥㧗㉳ ࡋࡺࢇᐘࡏ࠺ࡣ࡞ࡣⱞࡔ▷ࡳࡌࡃ᪥ࡦ㧗ࡓࡃࡋ࡚㉳࠾ࡁ
ࡢኪࡶࡩࡓࡾࡣ▷ࡍࡂࡿឤࡌ࡛ኴ㝧ࡀ㧗ࡃ࠶ࡣࡗ࡚ࡽ㉳ࡁ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ cóng cĭ jūnwáng bù zăo cháo *dziuo t i kiun jiu piu tsu iæu
ᚑṈྩ⋤᪩ᮅ ࡇࢀࡼࡾྩࡃࢇ⋤ࡢ࠺᪩ࡉ࠺ᮅ࡚࠺ࡏࡎࠋ
ࡇࢇ࡞࠶ࡾࡉࡲ࡛ࡇࡢࡢࡕⓚᖇࡀᮅࡣࡸࡃᨻࢆ࡞ࡉࡿࡇࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ chéng huān dài yàn wú xiánxiá *di xun di in miuo æn a
ᢎḼᚅᐗ↓㛪ᬤ ࡃࢃࢇḼࢆᢎ࠺ࡅᐗ࠼ࢇౝࡌࡋ࡚㛪ࢇᬤ࡞ࡃ
ⓚᖇࢆࡼࢁࡇࡤࡏᐗࡣ࠾ࡘࡁࡋ࡚ድࡦࡣࡦࡲࡶ࡞ࡃ chūn cóng chūnyóu yè zhuān yè *t iun dziuo t iun iu ia tiuæn ia
ᚑ㐟ኪᑓኪ ࡣࡿࡣࡋࡺࢇ㐟࠸࠺ᚑࡋࡓࡀࡦኪࡼࡣኪࡼࢆᑓࡶࡘࡥࡽࡍࠋ
ࡣࡢ㐟ᖾࡢ࠾ࡶࢆࡋኪࡣࡓࡔࡦࡾ࠾ࡘ࠼ࡍࡿࠋ hòugōng jiālì sānqiānrén *u kiu kæi lii sm tsin in ᚋᐑె㯇୕༓ே ᚋࡇ࠺ࡁࡺ࠺ᐑࡢె㯇ࢀ࠸୕ࡉࢇ༓ࡐࢇேࢇ
ᚋࡇ࠺ࡁࡹ࠺ᐑࡢ⨾ேࡣ୕༓ேࡶ࠸ࡓࡀ
sānqiān chóng’ài zài yìshēn *sm tsin iuoi dzi it in
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୕༓ᑋឡᅾ୍㌟ ୕ࡉࢇ༓ࡐࢇࡢᑋࡕࡼ࠺ឡ࠶࠸ ୍࠸ࡘ㌟ࡋࢇ࠶ࡾࠋ
୕༓ேศࡢᑋឡࢆࡓࡔ୍ே࡛༨ࡵࡓࠋ
jīnwū zhuāng chéng jiāo shì yè *kiem uk ti diæ kiæu di ia 㔠ᒇ⢝ᡂᎲౝኪ 㔠ࡁࢇᒇࢆࡃࡼࡑࡦ⢝ᡂ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡸ࠺Ꮂࡋ࡚ኪࡼౝࡌࡋ
㯤㔠㐀ࡾᛮࢃࢀࡿᚚẊ࡛⢝ࢆࡍࡲࡍ࠶࡛ࡸ࡞ࡉࡲ࡛ኪࡼఞࡂࢆࡋ yùlóu yàn bà zuì hé chūn *iuok lu in bæi tsiui u t iun
⋢ᴥᐗ⨭㓉 ⋢ࡂࡼࡃᴥࢁ࠺ᐗ࠼ࢇ⨭ࡸࢇ࡛㓉ࢅࡦ࡚ࡣࡿࢃࡍࠋ
ᐆ▼㐀ࡾࢃࢀࡿ㧗Ẋࡓࡢ࡛ࡢᐗࡀ࠾ࢃࡿࡑࡢ㓉ࡗࡓࡉࡲࡶࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ࠋ zĭmèi dìxiōng jiē liè tǔ *tsii mu dii xiua ki liæt t uo
ጜጒᘵⓙิᅵ ጜࡋጒࡲ࠸ᘵ࡚࠸ࡅ࠸ࡳ࡞ᅵࢆิࡘࡽࡡ
ࡃ࡚ጜጒᘵࡣࡳ࡞㡿ᆅࢆࡓࡲࢃࡗ࡚ㅖ࡞ࡾ
kělián guāngcăi shēng ménhù *k lin ku ts i a mun uo
ྍගᙬ⏕㛛ᡞ ࠶ࡣࢀࡴࡋගᙬࡇ࠺ࡉ࠸ 㛛ࡶࢇᡞࡇ⏕ࡋࡸ࠺ࡎࠋ
࠶ࡗࡥࢀ୍㛛୍ᐙࡣගࡾࡀࡸࡃ࠶ࡾࡉࡲࠋ
suì lìng tiānxià fùmǔ-xīn *ziui liæ tin a biuo mu sim 㐙௧ኳୗ∗ẕᚰ 㐙ࡘࡦኳ࡚ࢇୗࡢ∗ẕࡩ ࡰࡢࡇࡇࢁᚰࢆࡋ࡚
ࡘ࠸ࡣኳୗࡢぶ࠾ࡸࡓࡿࡶࡢࡳ࡞
búzhòng shēng nán zhòng shēng nǚ *piu iuoa nm iuoaio
㔜⏕⏨㔜⏕ዪ ࢆࡇ⏨ࢆ⏕࠺ࡴࢆ㔜࠾ࡶࢇࡐࡍࢆࢇ࡞ዪࢆ⏕࠺ࡴࢆ㔜࠾ࡶࢇࡐࡋࡴࠋ
⏨ඣࢆ⏕ࡴኻᮃࡋዪඣࢆ⏕ࡴࡢࢆษ⪃࠼ࡉࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ lígōng gāochù rù qīngyún *li kiu ku t io ip tsi jiun
㦳ᐑ㧗ฎධ㟷㞼 㦳ࡾࡁࡺ࠺ᐑ㧗ࡓࡁฎࡇࢁ 㟷ࡏ࠸㞼࠺ࢇධ࠸ࡾ 㦳ࡾᒣࡢࡩࡶࡢᐑẊࡣ㞼ࡃࡶ㛫ࡲࡑࡧ࠼❧ࡕ
xiānyuè fēng piāo chùchù wén *siæn ak piæu piu t io t io miun
ᴦ㢼㣎ฎฎ⪺ ࡏࢇᴦࡀࡃ㢼ࡐࡦࡿࡀ㣎ࡾ࡚ฎࡋࡼฎࡋࡼ⪺ࡁࡇࡺࠋ
ேࡢ㡢ᴦࡉ࡞ࡀࡽ࡞ࡢࡀ㢼ࡗ࡚࠺ࡰ࠺⪺ࡇ࠼࡚ࡺࡃࠋ huăngē mànwǔ níng sīzhú *un k muan miuo ie si iuk
⦆ḷ៏⯙จ⤬➉ ⦆ࢇḷ៏ࡲࢇ⯙ࡪ ⤬ࡋ➉ࡕࡃࢆจࡇࡽࡋ
ࡺࡿࡸ࡞ḷࡺࡿࡸ࡞⯙ࡣ㡢ᴦࡢ⢋ࢆࡇࡽࡋ jìnrì jūnwáng kàn bùzú *dzin it kiun jiu k n piu tsiuok
ᑾ᪥ྩ⋤┳㊊ ᑾࡦࡡࡶࡍ᪥ྩࡃࢇ⋤ࡢ࠺┳ࡳࢀࡶ㊊ࡓࡽࡎࠋ
ࡦࡡࡶࡍⓚᖇࡣࡈࡽࢇ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶ‶㊊࡞ࡉࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ Yúyáng pígǔ dòng dì lái *io i bii kuo du i li
⁺㝧㰝㰘ືᆅ᮶ ⁺ࡂࡼ㝧ࡸ࠺ࡢ㰝࠸㰘ࡇ ᆅࡕࢆື࠺ࡈࡋ࡚᮶ࡁࡓࡾ
ࡇࡢࡁ⁺ࡂࡻ㝧ࡼ࠺ࡽᨷࡵኴ㰘ࡢ㡢ࡀᆅࢆࡺࡿࡀࡍࡦࡧ࠸࡚ࡁ࡚
jīngpò níshángyǔyī-qǔ *kia puii di jiuo ii kiuok 㦫◚㟐 ⩚⾰᭤ 㦫ࡅ࠸◚ࡣࡍ㟐ࡆ࠸ࡋࡸ࠺ ⩚࠺ ࠸⾰ࡢ᭤ࡁࡼࡃࠋ
㟐ࡆ࠸
ࡋࡸ࠺
⩚࠺ ࠸⾰ࡢ᭤ࡣ࠾ࢁࡁ࡛ࡸࢇ࡛ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋ
jiǔchóng chéngguān yānchén shēng *kiu iuo diæ kiut in in a
㔜ᇛ㜘↮ሻ⏕ ࡁ࠺ࡕࡼ࠺㔜ࡢᇛࡌࡸ࠺㜘ࡅࡘ ↮࠼ࢇሻࡖࢇࡋࡸ࠺⏕ࡌ 㔜ࡇࡇࡢ࠼ࡢᐑᇛࡣ↮ࡍ࡞ࡰࡇࡾࡘࡘࡲࢀ
qiānchéng wànqí xīnán xíng *tsin i miun ie sii nm a
༓ⴙ㥽す༡⾜ ༓ࡏࢇࡌࡼ࠺ ⴙࡤࢇ㥽ࡁ すࡏ࠸༡࡞ࢇ⾜ࡺࡃࠋ
ⓚᖇࡢ⾜ิࡣ༡ࡢ⻎ࡋࡻࡃ࠾ࡶࡴ࠸ࡓࠋ
cuìhuá yáoyáo xíng fù zhĭ *tsiui ua iæu iæu a biuk ti
⩫⳹ᦂᦂ⾜Ṇ ⩫ࡍࢄ⳹ࡃࢃ ᦂ࠼࠺ᦂ࠼࠺ࡋ࡚⾜ࡺࡁ࡚ࡲࡓṆࡲࡾ
⩬⩫ࢃࡏࡳࡢ⩚࡛ࡊࡗࡓⓚᖇࡣࡣࡓࡵࡁ࡞ࡀࡽࡲࡾࡀࡕ࡛
xī chū dūmén băiyúlĭ *sii t iut tuo mun puak io li すฟ㒔㛛ⓒ㣾㔛 すࡋࡢࡓ㒔㛛ࡶࢇࢆฟ࠸࡙ࡿࡇⓒࡦࡸࡃ㣾ࡼ㔛ࡾࠋ
ࡸࡗ㛗Ᏻᇛࡢ㛛ࡽⓒ㔛࠶ࡲࡾ࡛ࡓࡤࡾࠋ
liujun bufa wunaihe *liuk kiun piu piut miuo ni භ㌷Ⓨ↓ዉఱ භࡾࡃ㌷ࡄࢇⓎࡣࡘࡏࡎዉఱ࠸ ࢇࡶࡍࡿ࡞ࡋ ㏆⾨ࡇ ࡢ ࠼ࡢ㌷㝲ࡣࡇࡇ࡛ື࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊࡋࡓࡶ࡞࠸ࠊ wănzhuăn éméi măqián sĭ *iun iun miei mua dzin sii ᐄ㌿⻍┱㤿๓Ṛ ᐄࢅࢇ㌿࡚ࢇࡓࡿ⻍ࡀ┱ࡧ㤿ࡤ๓ࡐࢇṚࡋࡍࠋ
⨾ࡋ࠸┱ࡢድࡦࡣⓚᖇࡢ㤿๓࡛Ṛࢇ࡛ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋ huādiàn wěi dì wú rén shōu *xua din iue i miuo in iu ⰼ㕮ጤᆅ↓ே ⰼࡃࢃ㕮࡛ࢇᆅࡕጤࡍ࡚ࡽࢀ࡚ேࡦࡢ࠾ࡉࡴࡿ࡞ࡋ
ⰼᶍᵝࡢࢇࡊࡋࡣᆅࡍ࡚ࡽࢀ࡚ࡾ࠶ࡆࡿ⪅ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ cuìqiáo jīnquè yùsāotóu *tsiui iæu kiem tsik iuok su du
⩫⩹㔠㞛⋢ᥙ㢌 ⩫ࡍ ࢄ⩹ࡆ ࠺㔠ࡁ ࢇ㞛ࡌࡸࡃ ⋢ࡂࡼࡃᥙࡉ ࠺㢌 ࠺ࠋ
⩬⩫ࢃࡏࡳ
ࡢ⩚ࡢ㤳㣭ࡾࠊ㯤㔠ࡢᏍࡃࡌࡷࡃ㞛ࡢ⩚ࡢ㤳㣭ࡾࠊᐆ▼〇ࡢࢇࡊࡋࠊࡳ࡞ࡑ࠺ࡔࠋ jūnwáng yăn miàn jiù bùdé *kiun jiuam miuæn kiu piu tk
ྩ⋤᥏㠃ᩆᚓ ྩࡃࢇ⋤ࡢ࠺ 㠃࠾ࡶ࡚ࢆ᥏࠾࠺࡚ᩆࡍࡃࡦᚓ࠼ࡎ
ⓚᖇࡣ㢦ᡭࢆ࠶࡚ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ᩆ࠸ࡶ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ huí kàn xuèlèi xiānghé liú *ui k n xiut liui siu liu ᅇ┳⾑ᾦ┦ὶ ࡃࢃ࠸ᅇ┳ࢇࡍࢀࡤ⾑ࡅࡘᾦࡿࢄ࠶ࡦࢃࡋ࡚ὶ࡞ࡀࡿࠋ
ࡑࡇࢆཤࡿࡁࡩࡾ࠼ࡗ࡚Ἵࡃᾦድࡦࡢ⾑ࡀ࠸ࡗࡋࡻ࡞ࡗ࡚ὶࢀࡓࠋ huáng’āi sănmàn fēng xiāosuŏ *ui sn mun piu siu sk
㯤ᇕᩓₔ㢼ⷜ⣴ ࡃࢃ࠺㯤ᇕ࠶࠸ ᩓࡉࢇₔࡲࢇࡋ࡚㢼ࡐ ⷜࡏ࠺⣴ࡉࡃ 㯤ሻࡀᩓࡾࡲࡃࡗ࡚྿ࡃ㢼ࡶࡉࡧࡋࡃ
yúnzhàn yíngyū dēng jiàngé *jiun dan iuæ iuo t kim kk 㞼ᱞ䶰⣛Ⓩ㛶 㞼࠺ࢇᱞࡉࢇ ⦘࠼࠸⣛࠺ࡋ࡚㛶ࡅࢇࡃⓏࡢࡰࡿࠋ
㞼㛫ࡢᱞ㐨ࡉࢇ࠺ࡣࡵࡄࡾࡵࡄࡗ࡚㛶ᒣࡅࢇࡃࡉࢇࡢࡰࡾࡺࡃࠋ
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Éméi shānxià shăo rén xíng * miei æn a iæu in a ᓚᔏᒣୗᑡே⾜ ᓚᔏࡀ ࡧᒣࡉࢇୗ ேࡦࡢ⾜ࡺࡃࡇᑡࡲࢀ࡞ࡾ
ᓚᔏࡀ ࡧᒣࡉࢇࡢࡩࡶࡣ⾜ࡃேࡶࡲࢀ࡛
jīngqí wú guāng rìsè báo *tsiæi miuo kuit ik buk ᪖↓ග᪥Ⰽⷧ ᪖ࡏ࠸ࡁࡦࡾග↓࡞ࡃ᪥ࡘࡋࡼࡃⰍⷧ࠺ࡍࡋࠋ
ࡢࡰࡾࡸࡢගࡶ࠶ࡏ᪥ගࡉ࠼ࡶⷧ࠸ࠋ
Shǔjiāng shuĭ bì Shǔshān qīng *diuok koiui piæk diuok æn tsi
⻎ỤỈ☐⻎ᒣ㟷 ࡋࡻࡃ⻎Ụ࠺ Ỉࡳ࡙ࡳࡾ☐ࡋ࡚ࡋࡼࡃ⻎ᒣࡊࢇ㟷࠶ࢆࡋ
⻎ࡢᕝࡢỈࡣࡳࡾᒣࠎࡶ㟷࠸ࡀ
shèngzhǔ zhāozhāo mùmù qīng *iæ tiuo iæu iæu muo muo dziæ
⪷ᮅᮅᬽᬽ ⪷ࡏ࠸ࡋࡺᮅ࡚࠺ᮅ࡚࠺ᬽࡰᬽࡰࡢࡌࡸ࠺ࠋ
ⓚᖇࡣẖᮅẖኪ࡞ࡋ࠸࠾Ẽᣢࡕࡔࠋ
xínggōng jiàn yuè shāngxīnsè *a kiu kin iut i sim ik
⾜ᐑぢ᭶യᚰⰍ ⾜࠶ࢇᐑࡄ࠺᭶ࡘࡁࢆぢࡳࢀࡤࡇࡇࢁᚰࢆയ࠸ࡓࡲࡋࡴࡿࡢⰍ࠸ࢁ
⾜ᐑ࠶ࢇࡄ࠺࡛᭶ࢆぢࢀࡤᚰࢆ࠸ࡓࡲࡋࡵࡿගࡔࡋ
yèyǔ wán líng chángduànshēng *ia jiuo miun lii dun iæ ኪ㞵⪺㕥⭠᩿ኌ ኪࡸ㞵࠺㕥ࡍࡎࢆ⪺ࡁࡅࡤࡣࡽࢃࡓ⭠ ᩿ࡓࡺࡿࡢኌࡇࢅࠋ
ኪࡢ㞵࡛᪑ࡺࡃ㤿ࡢ㕥ࡢ㡢ࢆࡁࡅࡤࡣࡽࢃࡓ⭠ࡶࡁࢀࡿᝒࡋ࠸ࡦࡧࡁࡔࠋ tiān xuàn dì zhuàn huí lóngyù *t in ziuæn i iuæn ui liuo io
ኳ᪕ᆅ㌿ᘔ㱟㥀 ኳ࡚ࢇ᪕ࡵࡄࡾᆅࡕ㌿࡚ࢇࡌ࡚㱟ࡾࡺ࠺㥀ࡂࡼࢆᘔࡋ
ࡸࡀེ࡚ࡀᖹࡽࡂኳᆅࡀࡶ࠾ࡾ࡞ࡗ࡚㑏ࡗ࡚ࡇࡽࢀࡿࡀ dào cĭ chóuchú bùnéng qù *tu ts i iu io piu n k io
฿Ṉ㌋㌉⬟ཤ Ṉࡇࡇ฿࠸ࡓࡾ࡚㌋ࡕ࠺㌉ࡕࡼࡋ࡚ཤࡉࡿ⬟࠶ࡓࡣࡎࠋ ࡇࡇࡃࡿࡓࡵࡽࡗ࡚❧ࡕཤࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
Măwéipōxià nítǔzhōng *mua u p u a nii t uo iu 㤿ᔠᆜୗἾᅵ୰ 㤿ࡤࡃࢃ࠸ᔠᆜࡣࡢୗࡶἾ࡛࠸ᅵࡢ୰࠺ࡕ
㤿ࡤࡃࢃ࠸ᔠࡢᆜ࠾ࡢୗࡢἾࡢ࡞
bújiàn yùyán kōngsĭ-chù *piu kin iuok an ku sii t io
ぢ⋢㢦✵Ṛฎ ⋢ࡂࡼࡃ㢦ࡀࢇࢆぢࡳࡎ✵ࡴ࡞ࡋࡃṚࡋࡏࡋࡇࢁฎࠋ
࠶ࡢ⨾ࡋ࠸㢦ࡣࡶ࠺ぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠊࡸࡃࡶࡓࡓ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓሙᡤࡔࠋ jūnchén xiānggù jìn zhān yī *kiun in si kuo dzin iæm ii
ྩ⮧┦㢳ᑾἡ⾰ ྩࡃࢇࡋࢇ⮧࠶ࡦࡾ㢳ࡳ࡚ࡇࡈࡃ⾰࠸ࢆ࠺ࡿἡࡋ
ྩ⮧ࡣ㢦ࡳ࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ࡳ࡞⾰ࢆࡠࡽࡋ
dōng wàng dūmén xìn mă guī *tu miu tuo mun sin mua kiui ᮾᮃ㒔㛛ಙ㤿ᖐ ࡦࡀࡋᮾࡢࡓ㒔㛛ࡶࢇࢆᮃࡢࡒࡳ㤿࠺ࡲಙࡲࡏ࡚ᖐࡿࠋ
ᮾࡢࡓ㒔ࡢ㛛ࢆࡉࡋ࡚㤿ࡲࡏ࡚ᖐࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ
guīlái chíyuàn jiē yī jiù *kiui l i iun ki i iu ᖐ᮶ụⱌⓙ౫ᪧ ᖐࡾ᮶ࡁࡓࢀࡤụࡕⱌࢅࢇࡳ࡞ᪧࡁ࠺౫ࡼࡿ
ࡉ࡚ᖐிࡍࡿụࡶⱌࡶࡳ࡞᫇࠾ࡾ࡛
Tàiyè fúróng Wèiyāng liǔ *t i iæk biuo iuo miui liu ኴᾮⰧᮍኸᰗ ኴࡓ࠸ᾮ࠼ࡁࡢⰧࡩࡼ࠺ ᮍࡧኸ࠶࠺ࡢᰗࡸ࡞ࡂࠋ
ኴᾮụࡣⰧࡀဏࡁᮍኸᐑࡣᰗࡀ⥳ࠋ
fúróng rú miàn liǔ rú méi *biuo iuoio miuæn liu io miei Ⱗዴ㠃ᰗዴ┱ Ⱗࡩࡼ࠺ࡣ㠃࠾ࡶ࡚ࡢࡈࡃࡸ࡞ࡂᰗࡣ┱ࡲࡺࡢࡈࡋ
Ⱗࡢⰼࡣ㈗ድࡢ㢦ఝ࡚࠾ࡾᰗࡢⴥࡣࡑࡢ┱ࡑࡗࡃࡾࡔࠋ duì cĭ rúhé bú lèichuí *tui tsiio piu liui diu
ᑐṈዴఱᾦᆶ ࡇࢀᑐࡓ࠸ࡋ࡚ዴ࠸ ࢇఱࡒᾦ࡞ࡳࡔᆶࡓࢀࡊࡽࢇࠋ ࡇࢀࡴࡗ࡚࠺ࡋ࡚ᾦࢆὶࡉ࡞࠸࡛࠸ࡽࢀࡼ࠺ࠋ chūnfēng táolĭ huā kāi yè *t iun piu du li xua k ia
㢼᱈ᮤⰼνϖψ㛤ኪ ࡋࡺࢇ㢼࠺᱈ࡓ࠺ᮤࡾⰼࡣ࡞㛤ࡦࡽࡃኪࡼ
㢼ࡀ྿࠸࡚ࣔࣔࡸࢫࣔࣔࡢⰼࡢဏࡃኪࡸ
qiūyǔ wútóng yè luò shí *tsiu jiuo uo du iæp lk di
⛅㞵᱒ⴥⴠ ⛅ࡋ࠺㞵࠺ࡈ᱒࠺ⴥࡣⴠ࠾ࡘࡿࡁࠋ
⛅㞵࢜ࢠࣜࡢⴥࡢⴠࡕࡿࡢ࡞ࡋࡉࡼࠋ xīgōng nánnèi duō qiūcăo *sii kiu nm nu t ts iu ts u すᐑ༡ෆከ⛅ⲡ すࡏ࠸ࡁࡺ࠺ᐑ ༡࡞ࢇࡔ࠸ෆ⛅ࡋ࠺ⲡࡉ࠺ከ࠾ࡃ
すࡢᐑᇛࡶ༡ࡢ⯆ᐑࡶ⛅ⲡࡢࡋࡆࡿࡲࡏ gōngyè mănjiē hóng bùsăo *kiu iæp mun ki u piu su ᐑⴥ‶㝵⣚ᤲ ࡁࡺ࠺ᐑⴥ࠼ࡩ 㝵࠸‶ࡳࡕ࡚⣚ࡇ࠺ᤲࡣࡽࡣࡎࠋ
ࡶࡳࡌࡀ㝵ẁ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢᤲࡃ⪅ࡶ࠸࡞࠸ࠋ Líyuán dìzĭ báifà xīn *lii jiun dii tsi buak piut sin
ᅬᘵᏊⓑ㧥᪂ ࡾᅬࢅࢇࡢᘵ࡚࠸Ꮚࡋ ⓑࡣࡃ㧥ࡣࡘ࠶ࡽࡓ᪂ ᐑ୰ࡢḷᡭࡸ㋀ࡾᏊࡓࡕࡣⓑ㧥ࡀࡣ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡋ shūfáng ājiān qīng’é lăo *tsiæu biu kam tsi lu
᳡ᡣ㜿┘㟷⻍⪁ ᳡ࡏ࠺ᡣࡤ࠺ࡢ㜿࠶┘ࢇ 㟷ࡏ࠸⻍ࡀ⪁࠾ࡺࠋ ዪᐁࡓࡕࡢࡾࡋࡲࡾࡢ┱ࡶࡩࡅࡓࠋ
xī diàn yíng fēi sī qiăorán *ziæk diun iu piui si tsiæu iæn ኤẊ⺯㣕ᛮᜯ↛ ኤࡏࡁẊ࡛ࢇ⺯ࡓࡿ㣕ࢇ࡛ᛮ࠾ࡶࡦᜯࡏ࠺↛ࡐࢇ
ኤࡄࢀࡢᚚẊࡢ๓ࡣࡓࡿࡢ㣕ࡪࡢࢆぢࢀࡤࡉࡧࡋࡃ gūdēng tiăojìn wèi chéng mián *kuo t diu dzin miui diæ min Ꮩⅉᣮᑾᮍᡂ╀ Ꮩࡇⅉ࠺ᣮࡆᑾࡘࡃࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡔ╀ࡡࡴࡾࢆᡂ࡞ࡉࡎࠋ
ኪࡩࡅ࡚ࡓࡔ୍ࡘࡢࡇࡗࡓⅉࡶࡶ࠺ᾘ࠼ࡓࡢ╀ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
74
chíchí zhōnggǔ chū chángyè *ii ii tiuo kuo t io i ia 㐜㐜㚝㰘ึ㛗ኪ 㐜㐜ࡕ ࡕࡓࡿࡋࡼ࠺㚝㰘ࡇ ึࡣࡌࡵ࡚㛗࡞ࡀࡁኪࡼ
้ࢆࡘࡆࡿ㚝ࡸኴ㰘ࡀࡢࢁࡢࢁ㬆ࡗ࡚ኪࡀỌࡃ࡞ࡾࡣࡌࡵ
gěnggěng xīnghé yù shǔ tiān *kæ kæ si iuok dio tin
⪰⪰ᫍἙḧ᭖ኳ ⪰࠺⪰࠺ࡓࡿᫍࡏ࠸Ἑ᭖࠶ࡅࢇࡍࡿኳ࡚ࢇࠋ ኳࡢᕝࡢᫍࡀࡕࡽࡕࡽࡋ࡚✵ࡀ᫂ࡿࡃ࡞ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ࡞ࡀ࠸ࡇࠋ yuānyāng-wă lěng shuānghuá zhòng *iun iua lien iuiuo 㬗㬝⎰෭㟖⳹㔜 㬗ࢅࢇ㬝࠶࠺ࡢ⎰ࡣࡽࡣࡦࡸࡸ෭ࡋ࡚㟖ࡉ࠺⳹ࡃࢃ㔜࠾ࡶࡃ
ぢࢃࡓࡍ࠸ࡽࡢ࢜ࢩࢻࣜࡢᙧࡢ⎰ࡣࡘࡵࡓࡃ㟖ࡀ࠾ࡾ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ fěicuì-qīn hán shuí yǔ gòng *biui tsiui kiem n diui io iuo
⩬⩫⾾ᐮㄡ⯅ඹ ⩬ࡦ⩫ࡍࢄࡢ⾾ࡋࡡࡣᐮࡉࡴࡃࡋ࡚ㄡࡓࢀඹࡶࡏࢇࠋ
⩬⩫ࡢ่⧆ࢆࡋࡓࡩࢇࡶࡦࡾࡡࡣᐮ࠸ࠋ yōuyōu shēngsĭ bié jīng nián *iu iu a sii biuat ki nin ᝆᝆ⏕Ṛู⤒ᖺ ᝆ࠸࠺ᝆ࠸࠺ࡓࡿ⏕ࡏ࠸Ṛࡋ ูࢃࢀ࡚ᖺࡋࢆ⤒ࡓࡾ
ஂࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࡔࠊ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢṚࢇࡔࡶࡢูࢀูࢀ࡞ࡗ࡚ఱᖺࠋ húnpò bùcéng lái rù mèng *un puak piu dz liip miu
㨦㨨᭯᮶ධክ 㨦ࡇࢇ㨨ࡥࡃࡘ࡚᮶ࡁࡓࡾ࡚ክࡺࡵධ࠸ࡽࡎࠋ ࡑࡢ࠶࠸ࡔࡓࡲࡋ࠸ࡣክࡶฟ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ Línqióng dàoshì Hóngdū kè *lim iuo du di u tuo k ak
⮫㑟㐨ኈ㬨㒔ᐈ ⮫ࡾࢇ㑟ࡇ࠺ࡢ㐨ࡔ࠺ኈࡋ 㬨ࡇ࠺㒔ࡢᐈࡁࡸࡃ
⮫ࡾࢇ
㑟ࡇ࠺
ࡢ㐨࠺ኈࡋ࡛㛗Ᏻࡢ㬨ࡇ࠺㒔㛛ෆఫࡲࢃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡀ néng yĭ jīngchéng zhì húnpò *n i tsiæ diæ ii un p uak
⬟௨⢭ㄔ⮴㨦㨨 ࡼࡃ⢭ࡏ࠸ㄔࡏ࠸ࢆࡶࡗ࡚㨦㨨ࡇࢇࡥࡃࢆ⮴࠸ࡓࡍࠋ
⢭ㄔࡢẼ࡛Ṛ⪅ࡢࡓࡲࡋ࠸ࢆࡿ࠸࠺ࠋ
wèi găn jūnwáng zhănzhuăn sī *jiue km kiun jiu iæn iuæn si
Ⅽឤྩ⋤ᒎ㌿ᛮ ྩࡃࢇ⋤ࡢ࠺ࡀᒎ㌿࡚ࢇ࡚ࢇࡢᛮ࠾ࡶࡦឤࢇࡎࡿࡀࡓࡵ
ⓚᖇࡢᜊ࠸ࡇࡀࢀ࡚ኪࡶࡡ࡞࠸ឤࡌ࡚
suì jiào fāngshì yīnqín mì *ziui kau bi din ien mik
㐙ᩍ᪉ኈẂて ࡘࡦ᪉ࡣ࠺ኈࡋࢆࡋ࡚Ẃ࠸ࢇࡂࢇてࡶࡵࡋࡴࠋ
ࡇࡢ㐨ኈࡶࡡࢇ࠸ࡾᤚ⣴ࡺࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ pái kōng yù qì bēn rú diàn *bui kuio kii pun io din
✵㥀Ẽዑዴ㟁 ✵ࡃ࠺ࢆࡣ࠸ࡋẼࡁ㥀ࡂࡼࡋ࡚ዑࡣࡋࡿࡇ࠸࡞࡙ࡲ㟁ࡢࡈࡃ
✵ࡃ࠺
ࢆ࠾ࡋࢃࡅ㢼ࡢࡾ㟁ගࡢࡼ࠺ࡣࡋࡾ
shēng tiān rù dì qiú zhī biàn *i tin ip iiu ti piun
༖ኳධᆅồஅ㐢 ኳ࡚ࢇ༖ࡢࡰࡾᆅࡕධ࠸ࡾࡇࢀࢆồࡶࡴࡿࡇ㐢࠶ࡲࡡࡋࠋ
ኳ᪼ࡿࡳࢀࡤᆅ୰ࡶࡄࡗ࡚ࡇࡶࡋࡇࡶ᥈ࡋࡓࠋ
shàng qióng bìluò xià huángquán *di iu piæk lk a u dziuæn
ୖ❓☐ⴠୗ㯤Ἠ ୖࡳࡣ☐ⴠࡁࡽࡃࢆ❓ࡁࡣࡵୗࡋࡶࡣ㯤ࡃࢃ࠺Ἠࡏࢇ
ୖࡣ㟷✵ࡢࡣ࡚ࡲ࡛ࠊୗࡣኪࡼぢࡳࡢᅜࡲ࡛⾜ࡗࡓࡀ
liăngchù máng máng jiē bújiàn *li t io mu mu ki piu kin ୧ฎⲉⲉⓙぢ ࡾࡸ࠺୧ฎࡋࡼ ⲉⲉࡤ࠺ࡤ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡳ࡞ぢࡳ࠼ࡎࠋ
ࡕࡽࡶࡦࢁࡃࡁ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࡓࡀࡳ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ
hū wén hăishàng yŏu xiānshān *xut miun xi di jiu siæn æn
ᛛ⪺ᾏୖ᭷ᒣ ࡓࡕࡲࡕ⪺ࡁࡃᾏ࠸ࡌࡸ࠺ୖࡏࢇᒣࡊࢇ࠶ࡾ
ࡑࡢࡁࡩ⪺࠸ࡓࠊࠕᾏୖேࡢᓥࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚
shān zài xūwu-piāomiăo-jiān *æn dzi xio miuo piæu miæu kæn
ᒣᅾ↓⦸⦍㛪 ᒣࡸࡲࡣࡁࡼ↓ࡴ⦸⦍࠺࠺ࡢ㛫ࢇ࠶ࡾࠋ
ࡇࢀࡣఱࡶ࡞࠸ࡍࡳࡤࡾࡢ୰࠶ࡿࠋ
lóugé línglóng wǔyún qĭ *lu kk li luuo jiun ki
ᴥ㛶⋹⎡㞼㉳ ᴥࢁ࠺㛶ࡃ⋹⎡ࢀ࠸ࢁ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡈ㞼࠺ࢇ㉳࠾ࡇࡾ
ࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ㧗Ẋࡀ⨾ࡋࡃⰍࡢ㞼ࡀࡓ࡞ࡧ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ qízhōng chuòyuē duō xiānzĭ *iiu t ik ik t siæn tsi
୰⥣⣙ከᏊ ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࡋࡸࡃ⥣⣙ࡸࡃࡋ࡚ࡏࢇᏊࡋከ࠾ࡋࠋ
ࡑࡢᚚẊࡣ࠶࡛ࡸ࡞ዪࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠸ࡿࠋ zhōng yŏu yīrén zì Tàizhēn *iu jiu it in dzi t i t in
୰᭷୍ேᏐኴ┿ ࠺ࡕ୍ே࠸ࡕࢇ࠶ࡾ࠶ࡊ࡞Ꮠࡣኴࡓ࠸┿ࡋࢇ
࡞࡛࠶ࡊ࡞Ꮠࢆኴࡓ࠸┿ࡋࢇࡼࡪࡶࡢࡀ࠸࡚
xuěfū huámào cēncī shì *siuæt piuo ua mau t im t ie di
㞷⳹ㇺཧᕪ 㞷ࡏࡘ⳹ࡃࢃㇺࡤ࠺ ཧࡋࢇᕪࡋࡋ࡚ࡇࢀ࡞ࡾࠋ
㞷ࡢࡣࡔ࠼ⰼࡢࢇࡤࡏࠊࡲࡎࡇࢀࡽࡋ࠸ࠖࠋ
jīnquē xīxiāng kòu yùjiōng *kiem k iut sii si k u iuok kiu 㔠㜘すᗪ྇⋢ᡧ 㔠ࡁࢇ㜘ࡅࡘࡢすࡏ࠸ࡋࡸ࠺ᗪ⋢ࡂࡼࡃᡧࡅ࠸ࢆ྇ࡓࡓࡁ
ゼࡡ࡚࠸ࡗ࡚㔠ࡢᚚ㛛ࢆࡃࡄࡾすഃࡢࡸࡢ㛛ࢆࡓࡓࡁ zhuăn jiào xiăoyù bào shuāngchéng *siæu kau siæu pu o diæ
㌿ᩍᑠ⋢ሗᡂ ㌿࡚ࢇࡌ࡚ᑠࡏ࠺ࡂࡼࡃ⋢ࢆࡋ࡚ࡉ࠺ᡂࡏ࠸ሗࡣ࠺ࡐࡋࡴࠋ
ࡋࡻ࠺ᑠ
ࡂࡻࡃ⋢
࠸࠺ࡾࡘࡂࢆࡋ࡚ࡑ࠺ࡏ࠸⏕࠸࠺ࡇࡋࡶࡋࡽࡉࡏࡓࠋ wéndào hànjiā tiānzĭ shĭ *miun du xn ka tin tsii
⪺㐨₎ᐙኳᏊ ⪺ࡁࡃ࡞ࡽࡃ₎ࢇᐙࡢኳ࡚ࢇᏊࡋࡢࡘࡦ
₎ࡢࡃࡢኳᏊࡢ⪅ࡔ⪺࠸࡚
jiǔhuázhàng-lĭ mènghún jīng *kiu ua i li miuun kia
⳹ᖒክ㨦㦫 ࡁ࠺⳹ࡃࢃࡕࡸ࠺ᖒࡾ ክࡴ㨦ࡇࢇ࠾ࢁ㦫ࡃࠋ
ࡁࡹ࠺
⳹ࡕࡻ࠺ᖒࡢ࡞࡛ࡡ࡚࠸ࡓ㟋ࡣࡵࢆࡉࡲࡋࡓࠋ
76
jiăo yī tuī zhěn qĭ páihuái *kau i t ui tim k i bui ui
ᨩ⾰᥎ᯖ㉳ᚔᚉ ࡇࢁࡶ⾰ࢆᨩࡾᯖࡲࡃࡽࢆ᥎࠾ࡋ㉳ࡓࡕ࡚ᚔࡣ࠸ࡃࢃ࠸ᚉࡋ
⾰ࢆࡘࡅᯖࢆ࠾ࡋࡸࡗ࡚㉳ࡁ࠶ࡀࡗ࡚࠺ࢁ࠺ࢁࡋ zhūbó yínpíng lĭyĭ kāi *tiuo bk ien bi li i k i
⌔⟩㖟ᒊ㑙㏏㛤 ⌔ࡋࡺ⟩ࡣࡃ㖟ᒊࡂࢇ࠸ 㑙㏏ࡾ ࠸ࡋ࡚㛤ࡦࡽࡃࠋ ⌔ࡓࡲࡢࡍࡔࢀ㖟ࡂࢇࡢࡧࡻ࠺ᒊ㢼ࡪࡀࡘࡂࡘࡂ㛤ࢀࡓࠋ
yúnbīn bàn piān xīn shuì jué *jiun pin pun piuæn sin diu kau
㞼㨎༙೫᪂╧ぬ 㞼࠺ࢇ㨎ࡧࢇ࡞ࡤ೫ࢇࡋ࡚࠶ࡽࡓ᪂╧ࡡࡴࡾぬࡉࡵ
㧗࠸ࡲࡆࡀࡺࡀࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢࡣ╀ࡾࡼࡾࡉࡵࡓࡤࡾࡔࡽ࡛
huāguān bùzhěng xià táng lái *xua kun piu tiæa d li
ⰼෙᩚୗᇽ᮶ ⰼࡃࢃࡃࢃࢇෙ ࡢᩚࡣࡎᇽࡔ࠺ࢆୗࡃࡔࡾ࡚᮶ࡁࡓࡿࠋ
⨾ࡋ࠸ෙࡶṇࡉ࡞࠸࡛ᇽࡽୗࡾ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ
fēng chuī xiānmèi piāopiāo jǔ *piu t iu siæn miuæi piæu iæu kio 㢼྿⿂㣎㣉ᣲ 㢼ࡐࡣࡏࢇ⿂࠸ࢆ྿ࡩࡁ࡚㣎࠺㣉࠼࠺ࡋ࡚ᣲ࠶ࡀࡾ
㢼ࡣࡇࡢዪࡢࡓࡶࢆࡦࡽࡦࡽ྿ࡁ࠶ࡆ yóu sì níshángyǔyī-wǔ *iu ziii di jiuo it miuo
⊰ఝ㟐 ⩚⾰⯙ ࡞㟐ࡆ࠸ࡋࡸ࠺ ⩚⾰࠺ ࠸ࡢ⯙ࡲࡦఝࡓࡾࠋ
࠶ࡢ㟐ࡆ࠸ࡋࡸ࠺ ⩚⾰࠺ ࠸ࡢ⯙ࢆぢࡿࡼ࠺ࡔࠋ
yùróng jìmò lèi lángān *iuok iuo dzik mk liui ln kn
⋢ᐜᐢᐸᾦ㜑ᖸ ⋢ࡂࡼࡃᐜࡼ࠺ ᐢᐸࡏࡁࡤࡃࡋ࡚ᾦ࡞ࡳࡔ㜑ࡽࢇᖸࢇࡓࡾ
⨾ࡋ࠸㢦ࡣࡉࡧࡋࡆ࡛ᾦࢆࡋὶࡍࠋ
líhuā yīzhī chūn dài yǔ *lii xua it ti t iun ti jiuo
ⰼ୍ᯞᖏ㞵 ࡾⰼ୍࠸ࡘᯞࡋࡣࡿ 㞵࠶ࡵࢆᖏ࠾ࡪࠋ
ࡓ࠼ࡤ୍࠸ࡗᯞࡋࡢ࡞ࡋࡢⰼࡀ㞵ࡠࢀࡓࡼ࠺ࠋ hán qíng níng dì xiè jūnwáng *m dziæ ie dii zia kiun jiu
ྵจ╘ㅰྩ⋤ ࡌࡸ࠺ࢆྵࡩࡃࡳ╘࡚࠸ࢆจࡇࡽࡋ࡚ྩࡃࢇ⋤ࡢ࠺ㅰࡋࡸࡍ
ࢆࡇࡵぢࡘࡵ࡚ⓚᖇ࠾♩ࢆ࠸࠺ࠋ
yìbié yīnróng liăng miăománg *it biuat iem iuo li miæu mu
୍ู㡢ᐜ୧ⲉ ୍࠸ࡕูࡘ 㡢ᐜ࠾ࢇࡼ࠺ ୧ࡩࡓࡘ࡞ࡀࡽⲉ࠺ࡤ࠺ࠋ
ࠕ࠾ูࢀࡋ࡚ࡽ࠾ኌࡶ࠾㢦ࡶ㐲ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ Zhāoyángdiàn-lĭ ēn’ài jué *tiæu i diun li n i dziuæt
㝧Ẋᜠឡ⤯ ࡏ࠺㝧ࡸ࠺Ẋ࡛ࢇࡾᜠឡ࠾ࢇ࠶࠸⤯ࡓ࠼
ࡋࡻ࠺ 㝧ࡼ࠺
Ẋ࡛ࢇ
࡛ࡢ࠾࡞ࡉࡅࡣࡶ࠺࠼࡞ࡃ࡚
Péngláigōng-zhōng rìyuè cháng *bu l kiuiuit iut i ⶇⳛᐑ୰᪥᭶㛗 ⶇ࠺ⳛࡽ࠸ࡁࡺ࠺ᐑ୰ࡕ࠺ ᪥᭶ࡌࡘࡆࡘ㛗࡞ࡀࡋࠋ
ࡇࡢⶇⳛ࠺ࡽ࠸ࡢᐑ୰࡛ࡣ᭶᪥ࡢ㛗࠸ࡇࠋ
huí tóu xià wàng rénhuán-chù *ui du a miu in uan t io
ᅇ㢌ୗᮃேᑇฎ ࠺㢌ࢆᅇࡵࡄࡽࡋୗࡋࡶ ேࡌࢇࡃࢃࢇᑇࢆᮃࡢࡒࡴࡿฎࡇࢁ
㤳ࢆࡲࢃࡋ࡚ୗ⏺ࡢே㛫ࡢ࠸ࡿࡇࢁࢆぢ࡚ࡶ
bújiàn Cháng’ān jiàn chénwù *piu kin in kin in miuo
ぢ㛗Ᏻぢሻ㟝 㛗ࡕࡸ࠺Ᏻ࠶ࢇࢆぢࡳࡎሻࡖࢇ㟝ࡴࢆぢࡳࡿࠋ
㛗Ᏻࡢ㒔ࡣぢ࠼ࡎ㟝◁ࡰࡇࡾࡋぢ࠼ࡲࡏࢇࠋ wéi jiāng jiùwù biăo shēnqíng *iui tsiiu miut piau im dziæ
၏ᑗᪧ≀⾲῝ ࡓࡔᪧࡁ࠺ࡪࡘ≀ࢆࡶࡗ࡚῝ࡋࢇࡌࡸ࠺ࢆ⾲࠶ࡽࡣࡍ
ࡴࡋࡢရ≀࡛ࡏࡘ࡞࠸Ẽᣢࡕࢆ࠶ࡽࢃࡍࡄࡽ࠸ࡀࡏ࠸ࡐ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ tiánhé jīnchāi jìjiāngqù *din p kiem t æi kie tsi kio
㕮ྜ㔠㔻ᐤᑗཤ 㕮࡛ࢇྜࡀࡩ㔠ࡁࢇ㔻ࡉ ᐤࡼࡏᑗࡶࡕཤࡉࡽࡋࡴࠋ
㟷㈅ࡢ㤶┍ࡇ࠺ࡈ࠺㯤㔠ࡢࢇࡊࡋࢆ࠾ࡇ࡙ࡅࡋࡲࡍࠋ chāi liú yìgǔ hé yīshàn *t æi liu it kuo p it iæn 㔻␃୍⫤ྜ୍ᡪ 㔻ࡉࡣ୍࠸ࡘ⫤ࡇࢆ␃ࡵྜࡀࡩࡣ୍࠸ࡘᡪࡏࢇ
ࢇࡊࡋࡣ∦㊊ࢆࠊ㤶┍ࡣ∦୍᪉ࢆࡢࡇࡋࡲࡍࠋ chāi bāi huángjīn hé fēn tián *t æi pæk u kiem p piun din 㔻᧷㯤㔠ྜศ㕮 㔻ࡉࡣ㯤㔠ࢃ࠺ࡈࢇࢆ᧷ࡉࡁྜࡀࡩࡣ㕮࡛ࢇࢆศࢃࡘࠋ
㔠ࡢࢇࡊࡋࡣ༙ศ࡞ࡾࠊ㤶┍ࡢ㟷㈅ࡢᶍᵝࡀ༙ࡊࡁ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ dàn jiào xīn sì jīntián jiān *dn kau sim zi kiem din kin
ణᩍᚰఝ㔠㕮ሀ ࡓࡔࡇࡇࢁᚰࢆࡋ࡚㔠㕮ࡁࢇ࡛ࢇࡢሀࡓࡁఝࡋࡴࢀࡤ
࠾࠸ࡢᚰࡀࡇࡢ㔠ࡸ㟷㈅ࡢࡼ࠺ሀࡅࢀࡤ
tiānshàng rénjiān huì xiāngjiàn *t in di in kæn ui si kin ኳୖே㛪┦ぢ ኳ࡚ࢇࡌࡸ࠺ୖ ே㛫ࡌࢇࢇ ࡞ࡽࡎ࠶ࡦぢࡳࢇࠋ
ኳୖே㛫⏺ศࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࡶࡁࡗ࠼ࡲࡍࡢࡼࠖࠋ lín bié yīnqín chóngjì cí *lim biuat in in iuo kie zi
⮫ูẂ㔜ᐤモ ูࢃࢀ⮫ࡢࡒࡳ࡚Ẃ࠸ࢇࡂࢇ㔜ࡉࡡ࡚モࡋࢆᐤࡼࡍ
ูࢀࡂࢃࡣࡲࡓࡡࢇࡈࢁ࠺ࡓࢆࡇ࡙ࡅࡓࠋ cízhōng yŏu shì liăngxīn zhī *ziiu jiu diæi li sim i
モ୰᭷ㄋ୧ᚰ▱ モࡋ୰ࡕ࠺ㄋࡕࡦ࠶ࡾࡾࡸ࠺୧ᚰࡋࢇ▱ࡋࡿࠋ
ࡑࡢ࡞ࡣேࡢෆᚰࡀ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⣙᮰ࡈࡀ࠺ࡓࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ qīyuè qīrì Chángshēngdiàn *tsit iut tsit it ia diun
᭶᪥㛗⏕Ẋ ࡋ ࡕࡄࢃࡘ᭶ࡋ ࡕ᪥ࡌ ࡘ 㛗ࡕࡸ࠺⏕ࡏ ࠸Ẋ࡛ ࢇ
᭶᪥㛗⏕Ẋ࡛
yèbàn wú rén sīyǔ shí *ia pun miuo in siiio di
ኪ༙↓ே⚾ㄒ ኪࡸ༙ࡣࢇ ேࡦ࡞ࡃ⚾ࡋ ࡈㄒࡢࡁࠋ
ኪࡩࡅேࢆࡉࡅෆ࡞࠸ࡋࡻ⥴ࡤ࡞ࡋヰࢆࡋࡓࡢࡕ࠸ࡔࠋ