࠶ࡿࡢࡸࠊ
ྠ
ࡌࡃࠗ࿘
♩࠘ࡢࠕኳᐁ ᐓࠖࡢ
࠙Yī bāzé zhì dū bĭ.…ࠚ Sì yuē lùwèi, ࠙Yĭ yù qíshì.…ࠚ ࠕ࠙௨ඵ๎㒔
㒥ࠋ͐
ࠚᅄ᭣⚘㸪࠙௨ 㥀ኈࠋ͐
ࠚカㄞ
㸸
࠙ඵ๎ࢆ௨ࡗ࡚㒔㒥ࢆࡴࠋ͐
ࠚᅄ
᭣ࡃࠊ ⚘
ࠊ࠙௨ࡗ࡚ࡢኈࢆ㥀ࡍ
ࡿࠋ͐ࠚ
ཱྀㄒヂ㸸࠙ඵࡘࡢࡁࡲࡾࡼࡗ࡚㒔㒥㸦⋤ࡢ
Ꮚᘵ ࡸཀ
ࠊኵ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㡿ᆅ㸧
ࢆࡵࡿࠋࡑࡢࡁࡲࡾࡢ͐ࠚ➨ᅄࡣ⚘
࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࠙ࡑࢀࡼࡗ࡚ኈ㸦 ཀࠊኵ
ࡢୗࡍࡿົᐁ㸧ࢆ⤫⋡ࡍࡿࠋ͐ ࠚࠖࡢ㒯 ⋞ࡢὀ
Lù ruò jīn yuèfèng yĕ. ࠙Wèi juécì yĕ.ࠚ ࠕ
⚘ⱝ᭶ ዊ㸦㸻 ಧ㸧
ஓࠋ࠙∖ḟ
ஓࠋࠚ カㄞ㸸⚘ࡣࡢ
᭶ዊࡢⱝࡋ࠙ࡣ∖ḟ࡞ࡾࠋࠚ
ཱྀㄒヂ
㸸 ⚘
ࡣ⌧ᅾ࡛ゝ࠺᭶⤥ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠙ࡣ㌟ศࡢ
ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠚࠖ(11)
࠶ࡿࡢࡀࡑࢀヱᙜࡍࡿࠋ㞞ゝ㸦ᶆ‽ㄒࠊ
つ⠊ⓗ࡞ࡇࡤ
㸧᪉ゝࠊㄒࡢ㛵 ಀ
ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚┦
ゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡶࡢሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠊ࠼ࡤࠗ᪉ゝ࠘㸦➨୍㸧ࡢ Dăng, xiăo, zhé, zhī ye. *taN xeaw tiat tieƒ rjiaƒ᪥ヂ
᪥ヂ
カㄞ
ཱྀㄒヂ
᪥ヂ
᪥ヂ
カㄞ ཱྀㄒヂ
カㄞ
カㄞ
ཱྀㄒヂ
カㄞ
ཱྀㄒヂ
カㄞ
ཱྀㄒヂ
カㄞ
ཱྀㄒヂ
124 ࠕ
ඪࠊ ᬡࠊဴ㸪
▱ஓࠋ᪥ヂ
㸸 ඪ
ࠊᬡ
ࠊဴࡣ㸦࠸ࡎࢀࡶᶆ‽ㄒ࡛࠸࠺ࡇࢁࡢ㸧▱ࡿ࠸࠺ព࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ⥆࠸࡚
Chŭ wèi zhī dăng,(dăng lăng yĕ, jiĕ wù mào) huò yuē xiăo, Qí-Sòngzhījiān wèi zhī zhé.
ࠕᴆㅝஅඪ
㸪㸦 ඪˈᮁ
ஓ㸪ゎᐽㇺ㸧ᡈ᭣ᬡ㸪ᩧᏵஅ 㛫ㅝ
அဴࠋ᪥ヂ
㸸
ᴆ㸦⌧ᅾࡢ†┬࠶ࡓࡾ㸧ࡢᆅ
᪉࡛ࡣࡇࢀ㸦ࠕ▱ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࡤ㸧ࢆඪ 㸦ඪࡣᮁ࠶ࡁࡽ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᝅࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᵝࢆゝ࠺㸧ࠊᡈ࠸ࡣᬡゝ࠸ࠊ
ᩧ㸦⌧ᅾࡢᒣᮾ┬㒊㸧 ࡸᏵ
㸦Ἑ༡┬ᮾ㒊㸧ࡢ㎶ࡾ࡛ࡣဴ࠸࠺ࠋࠖ(12)ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠗㄝᩥ࠘➨୍⠍ୗ9⾲̿
Xiāo, Chŭ wèi zhī lí, Jìn wèi zhī xiāo, Qí wèi zhī chăi.
ࠕ
嗰㸪
ᴆㅝஅ⡹㸪ㅝ
அ嗰㸪ᩧㅝஅ Ⲃࠋ
カㄞ㸸
嗰
ᴆࡣஅࢆ⡹ㅝࡦࠊࡣஅࢆ嗰
ㅝࡦࠊ ᩧࡣஅࢆⲂ
ㅝࡩࠋཱྀㄒヂ
㸸 嗰
ࡢࡇࢆᴆ㸦⌧ᅾࡢ†┬࠶ࡓࡾ㸧࡛ࡣ⡹࠸࠸㸪
㸦⌧ᅾࡢᒣす┬࠶ࡓࡾ㸧࡛ࡣ嗰
㸪ᩧ㸦⌧ᅾࡢᒣᮾ┬㒊㸧࡛ࡣⲂ
࠸࠺ࠋࠖ(13)࠶ࡿࡢࡀࡑࢀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜⓗ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡤู࡛ࡢゝ࠸᪉ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ
ࡼ࠺࡞᪉ἲࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࠗリ⤒ẟఏ࠘ࡢ Wēi, cài yĕ.
ࠕ
ⷪ㸪 ⳯࠙ ͐ࠚ
ஓࠋ ᪥ヂ㸸ⷪࡣ⳯ࡢࡇ࡛࠙͐ࠚ࠶ࡿࠋࠖ(14)ࠊ Fén, shuĭ yĕ.ࠕ
ỷ㸪 Ỉஓ
ࠋ ᪥ヂ㸸ỷࡣᕝࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ
(15)࠸࠺ࡢࡸࠗㄝᩥ࠘➨༑⠍ୖ20⾲ࡢ Lù, shòu yĕ.
ࠕ
㮵㸪 ⋇ஓ
ࠋカㄞ㸸㮵⋇
࡞ࡾࠋཱྀㄒヂ㸸㮵ࡣ㸦୍✀ࡢ㸧⋇
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ(16)࠸࠺ࡢࡀࡑࢀᙜࡓࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ᪩ᮇࡢⓎ㡢ࡢὀ㔘ࡣពࢆゎ㔘
ࡍࡿാ ࡁࢆ වࡡ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࠼
ࡤ
ࠗࡂ♩ࡽ ࠸࠘ࡢࠕぺ♩Jìnlĭࠖࡢᩥྃ
Tàishĭ shì yòu. **dar sli´ƒ djieƒ ƒjw´ƒ ࠕྐ
ྑ
ࠋカㄞ㸸ྐࡣࡍ࡞ࡣࡕྑࡓ ࡍ
ࡃ
ཱྀㄒヂ㸸ྐࡣࡑࡇ࡛㸦
⋤ࢆ㸧㍜ᙌࡍࡿࠋ㸧ࠖ
ࡉࢀࡓ㒯ࡌࡻ࠺
⋞
ࡆ ࢇZhèng XuánࡢὀYòu dú rú Zhōugōng yòu wáng zhī yòu.
ࠕྑㄞ
ዴ࿘
බྑ⋤அྑ
ࠋカㄞ㸸ࠕྑࠖࡣㄞࡴࡇࠕ࿘බࠊ⋤ࢆྑࡓ ࡍ
ࡃࠖࡢࠕ
ྑࠖࡢዴࡋࠋཱྀㄒヂ
㸸
ࠕྑࠖࡢᏐࡣ㸦yŏu,yòu ࡘࡢⓎ㡢ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸧ࠕ ࿘බࡣ ⋤ࢆ
ྑࡓ ࡍࡅ
ࡓ㸦㸻⿵
బࡋࡓ㸧ࠖࡢࠕྑࠖࡢࡼ࠺ ㄞࡴࠋ㸧ࠖ
(17)࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠗㄝᩥ࠘୕⠍ୖ33
Qiān dú ruò qiān.
ࠕཚㄞⱝណࠋ
カㄞ㸸ࠕཚࠖࡣㄞࡴࡇࠕណࠖࡢⱝࡋࠋ
ཱྀㄒヂ㸸ࠕཚࠖࡣࠕ
ណ
qiānࠖࡢࡼ࠺Ⓨ㡢ࡍࡿࠋࠖ
࠶ࡿࠋࠗ⤒ࡅ ࠸ ࡚ ࢇࡋࡷࡃ㔘ᩥࡶ ࢇ࠘ࠕ࿘ࡋࡹ࠺
᫆
࠼ ࡁ㡢⩏ࠖ31⾲㸦p.34ୖ㸧ࡢࠕㄝ༬ࠖࡢ㒊ศࡣ㸦ࠗ࿘
᫆
࠘ࡢ㸧Wéi qiánhuìzhī shŭ.
ࠕⅭ㯯ႎஅ
ᒓ
カㄞ㸸㯯ࡅ ࢇ
ႎ
ࡢᒓⅭࡓࡾࠋཱྀㄒヂ㸸
ᒣ
ఫࡴ⊛⋇ࡢ㢮
࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࠖ㸦ࠗ༑୕⤒ὀ࠘ࡢࠗ࿘᫆ṇ⩏࠘ᕳ➨10
㡫⾲
p.186ୗぢ࠼ࡿ㸧࠸࠺
ྃࡢࠕႎ
ࠖᑐࡋ㸪 kuàng fèi făn, Xú dīng gòu făn.ࠕ
ἣᗫ 㸪
ᚎ㐬
ࠋ ᪥ヂ㸸ἣ ᗫࡢ 㸪ᚎ
㸦㑒㸧ࡣ㐬ࡢ ࠋࠖ࠸࠺ὀ㔘ࢆ
♧
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣ㸦ࡇࡢྃࡢ୰ࡢ㸧ࠕႎࠖࡘ࠸࡚㝣ᚨ᫂Lù Démíng⮬㌟
ࡣ
**xjwaN **pjwar Ѝ**xjwar㸦K.**?㸧
*xiuAN *piuAi Ѝ*xiuAi㸦K:*Xi9wÅi㸧 kuàng fèi → huì
ࠕ
ἣ
ᗫ
ࡢࠖࠊࡘࡲࡾ⌧௦ிㄒ㡢࡛
huì *xiuAi;**xjwar ┦ᙜࡍࡿ㡢㸦
᪥ᮏ₎Ꮠ㡢ࠕ࢝ࠖ
̿ኴ⏣㸧࡛ㄞࡴࡁࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᚎࡌࡻ㑒
ࡤ ࡃXú Miăo ࡣ**teN **kew Ѝ **tew
カㄞ
ཱྀㄒヂ
ཱྀㄒヂ
カㄞ
ཱྀㄒヂ
カㄞ
ཱྀㄒヂ
カㄞ
ཱྀㄒヂ
᪥ヂ
126
*tiEN *k´u Ѝ *t´u dīng gòu → (dòu㸹)zhòu ࠕ
㐬
ࡢࠖࠊ
ࡘࡲࡾ
㆜࠼ࢀࡤ
ࠕ჻zhòu *t´u;**tew㸦K.*t´u;**tug㸧ࠖ㸦᪥ᮏ₎Ꮠ㡢ࠕࢺ࢘ࠖ̿ኴ
⏣㸧(18)ࡢࡼ࠺ㄞࡵᣦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠࡌࠗ⤒㔘ᩥ࠘ࡢࠕ
࿘
ࡋ ࡹ⚰ࡽ ࠸㡢⩏ࠖ㸦ୖᕳ2⾲㸧ࡢࠕኳᐁෛᐓࠖࡣ㸦ࠗ࿘⚰
࠘ࠕኳᐁෛᐓࠖࡢ㸧
࠙Tàizăizhī zhízhăng, jiàn bāngzhī liùdiăn. Yĭ zuŏ wáng zhì bāngguó.͐
Èr yuē jiàodiăn, yĭ ān bāngguó, yĭ jiào guānfŭ,ࠚ yĭ răo wànmín.ࠕ࠙ᐓஅ⫋ᤸ
㸪
ᘓ㑥அභࠋ௨బ⋤㑥ᅜࠋ ͐᭣
ᩍ㸪௨Ᏻ
㑥ᅜ㸪௨ᩍᐁ ᗓ 㸪
ࠚ௨ ᨐⴙẸࠋࠖ㸦ࠗ༑୕⤒ὀ
࠘ࡢࠗ࿘⚰ὀ࡛࠘ࡣᕳ➨
1㡫⾲
p.26ୖぢ࠼ࡿ㸧࠸࠺
ྃࡘ࠸࡚
ࠕ
௨ᨐ 㸪⪋ ᑠ㸪㒯⪋ 㸪ᚎ
ᮤᑜࠋカㄞ㸸ࠕ௨ᨐࠖ㸦ࡢࠕᨐࠖ㸧
⪋ᑠࡢ ࠊ 㒯 ⪋
ࡢ㸪ᚎࠊᮤᑜࡢ
ཱྀㄒヂ
㸸ࠕ௨ ᨐࠖࡢࠕ ᨐࠖࡢⓎ㡢ࡣ
**nji´ƒ **sjiaw Ѝ**njiaw㸦K.**n@i9og㸧
*i *siQu Ѝ *iQu 㸦K.*n@z@i9A_u㸧 ér xiăo → răo
⪋
ᑠ
ࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ㒯ࡌࡻ࠺⋞
ࡆ ࢇZhèng Xuán ࡣ**nji´ƒ **tjiaw Ѝ **njiaw㸦K.**n@i9og㸧
*i *t˛iQu Ѝ*iQu 㸦K.*n@z@i9A_u㸧 ér zhāo → ráo
⪋
ࡢ
Ⓨ㡢ࡏࡼࠊᚎ㑒ࡌ ࡻ ࡤ ࡃXú Miăo ᮤ㌶Lĭ Guī ࡣ**rji´m **liw´n Ѝ **rjiw´n㸦K.**dzi9we(n㸧
*ziIm *liuIn Ѝ *ziuIn㸦K.*zi9ue(n㸧 xún lún → xún
ᑜ
ࡢ
Ⓨ㡢ࡏࡼᣦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸧ࠖ
(19)࠶ࡾࠊᚎ
㑒ᮤ㌶
ࡣࠕᨐࠖࢆࠕ㥆xún *ziuIn;**rjiw´n㸦K.*zi9ue(n㸹**dzi9we(n㸧ࠖ(20)ࡢࡼ࠺ㄞࡵᣦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶྂ௦ᩥ⊩࠾ࡅࡿࠊព
ࡀ㏻ࡎࡿࡽ㸦ࡑࡢࡼ࠺㸧ㄞࡳ࠼ࡼ࠸࠺ᣦ ♧ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦ཎὀ3㸧㸳㸬㸰㸬Ꮠ⩏ㄒ⩏
୰ᅜࡢᩥᏐࡢ◊✲⪅ࡢㄒ※
ṇ☜
ᑐᛂࡋࡓᏐᙧࠊᏐࡢึ※ⓗពࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿ
᪉
ἲࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ
ࡕࡻࡗゐࢀ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋΎ௦ࡢᡝ㟈ࠊẁ⋢ࡽࡣᩥᏐ ࡢᮏ⩏࠸࠺ࡇࢆၐ࠼ࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣᴫࡡࠗㄝᩥ࠘ぢ࠼ࡿᏐ⩏ࡢゎ㔘ࢆࡑࡢᏐ ࡢ᭱ึࡢᮏ ᮶ࡢ ពࡔぢ࡞ࡋࠊࠗ∞
㞞࠘ࠊࠗ᪉ゝ࠘ぢ࠼ࡿࡶࡢࡣࡑࡢࠕ㌿ὀࠖࠊ ࠕ௬
ࡋ ࡷࠖⓗ
࡞ពࠊ๎
ࡕὴ⏕ⓗ࡞ពࡔゝ࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ ࡌࡘ ࡅࡢㄝ᫂ࡀ࠺
ࡋ࡚ࡶ
⏕ࡌ࡚ࡃ
ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠗㄝᩥ࠘ࡢࠕࠖࡢᏐࡢㄝゎࡣ Tiān dà dì dà rén yì dà, xiàng rénxíng.ࠕ
ኳ ᆅ ே
㸪㇟ேᙧࠋ
カㄞ㸸ኳࠊ࡞ࡾࠊᆅࠊ࡞ࡾࠊேࡲࡓ࡞ࡾࠋேࡢᙧࢆ㇟ࡿࠋ
ཱྀㄒヂ
㸸ኳ
ࠊᆅ
ࡣࡁࡃࠊே
ࡶࡲࡓࡁ࠸ࠋ㸦ࡔࡽࡣ㸧ேࡢᙧ
ࢆࡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸧ࠖ㸦༑ᅄ⠍ୗ4
-5⾲, pp.496-497㸧࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏞ
ᫍ⾝
Sūn Xīngyăn ࡣࠕேࠖࡢᏐࢆゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡢᙜࡓࡾࠊࡇࡢㄝ
ゎᇶ࡙ࡁࠊࠕே
ࡇࢀࢆゝ࠺ࠋࠖ㸦ࠗၥᏐᇽ㞟࠘ᕳࠕ㞧ᩥࠖࡢࠕ㔘ேࠖࡢ㡯ࠋྀ᭩㞟ᡂNo.2527, p.41㸧࠸࠺ㄝ᫂ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ(21)ࠊᐇࡢࡇࢁྂ௦
࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣࠕࠖ࠸࠺Ꮠࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࠕேࠖࡢࡇࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀᨾࠊ
⨶
⋢
Luó Zhènyù ࡣࠕ㔘ேド
ㄗ㸦ࠕ㔘ேࠖࡘ࠸࡚ㄗࡾࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿ㸧࡛ࠖḟ
ࡢࡼ࠺ゝ࠺ࠋࠕ࠾ࡼࡑࡁ࠸ࡇࢆ⾲⌧ࡍࡿᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࠊୖ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣኳࡼࡾࡁ࠸ࡶࡢ ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊୗ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣᆅࡼࡾࡁ࠸ࡶࡢࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ኳᆅࡢ㛫࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣேࡼ
ࡾࡁ࠸ࡶࡢࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ㸦ࡁ࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㇟ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡢ୕⪅ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ㸧
ኳࡸᆅ
ࡣ㇟ࢁ࠺ࡶ㇟ࡾࡼ࠺ࡀ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡔࡽ㸦 ၏୍
㇟ࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡿࠊ ṧࡾࡢ㸧ࠕ ே࡛ࠖ
ࡁ
࠸࠸࠺ពࢆ㸦౽ᐅⓗ㸧㇟ᚩࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࡇࡇ࡛ࡢពࡣࠕேࠖ
࠸࠺Ꮠࡢ㸦ᮏ
᮶ࡢ㸧ពࢆゎ㔘ࡍ
ࡿࡢ⏝࠸ࡿࡁࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࠖ㸦ࠗ㠃
ᇛ⢭⯋㞧ᩥ࠘ᕳୖ⏥⦅,
➨㡫⾲㸧
(22) ࡲࡓ㝞
ࡕ ࢇ⃠
ࢀ ࠸ Chén Lĭ ࡣࠗᮾሿㄞ᭩ グ࠘ᕳ
11ࠕᑠᏛࠖ㸦ᅄ
㒊ഛせᮏ㸧
6⾲࡛㑢ࡅ ࠸ᫌ
࠸ XíngBĭng ࡢࠗ∞㞞࠘ᕳୖࠕ㔘ネ➨୍ࠖࡢࠕึࠖ
ࡋࡓࢆ
ྰᐃࡋ࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺ᙇࡍࡿࠋ
ࠕ᭱㏆ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡢㄝࡣࢇࡀ㑢Ặྠ
ࡌࡼ࠺ࠊࠗㄝᩥ࠘ࡢㄝゎࢆᮏ⩏
㸳㸬㸰㸬Ꮠ⩏ㄒ⩏
カㄞ
ཱྀㄒヂ
128
ぢ࡞ࡋࠊࠗ
∞㞞࠘ࡢㄝ᫂ࢆὴ ⏕⩏
ࡍࡿࡀࠊᐇ㝿ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶࡑ࠺ࡣ㝈ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕึࠖ࠸࠺Ꮠࡣࠊ㇟ࢁ࠺ࡶ㇟ࡾࡼ࠺ࡀ࡞ࡃࠊྠ㡢ࡢᏐࢆᣢࡗ࡚
ࡁ
࡚ᙜ࡚ࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ྠ㡢Ꮠࡀ࡞࠸ࠋࡔ
ࡽ㸦ࡸࡴ࡞ࡃ㸧ࠕ⾰ࠖࠕ
ยࠖࡢ ᪉ᚑ࠸㸦
㸻ࡑࡢⓎ㡢ࢆᫎࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡞ࡃࠊ
᪉ࢆពࢆ⾲ࡍせ⣲ࡋ࡚
ᐤࡏ
ྜࢃࡏ࡚㸧ពࡋࡓࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ࠗㄝᩥ࠘ࡣࠕึࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࠕ᭹ࢆ⦭ࡍࡿࡑࡢጞࡲࡾࠖㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ(23)㸧ࠋࠖ
ࡇࢀ࡛チ
ៅ
Xŭ Shèn ࡢㄝゎࡀᏐᙧᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢពࢆ ࡾ ࡔࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶
ࡾࠊྂ௦
ேࡀࡇࡢᏐࢆ㐀
ࡾࡔࡋࡓ㝿㇟ࡗࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿఱࢆ㸦
☜ᐇ࡞᰿ᣐ
࡞ࡋ㸧
᥎ࡋ 㔞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࡇࡀศࡿࠋࡣ࠸࠼ࠗㄝᩥ࠘ࡢㄝゎ࡛⏥㦵ᩥᏐ
ࡸ㔠ᩥྜࢃ
࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡣᕼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡋࠗㄝᩥ࠘ࡢゎ㔘ࡀࡇࡤࡢ࣮ࣝࢶ
࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇ
ࡤࡢึ※ ⓗ≧ែ
ࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡇ⌧ࢀࡿពࡀᮏ᮶
ࡢពࡔゝ࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡇࢀࡣṇࠕጞࡵࡣഹ࡞㐪࠸࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࡋࡲ࠸ࡣࢇ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ
ࡁ࡞ 㱈㱒ࢆ᮶ ࡍࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࠖ࠸࠺ㅗ㏻ࡾࡢ⤖
ᯝ࡞ࡿࠋ㸦ཎὀ4㸧࠼ࡤ❶Ⅸ㯌
Zhān Bĭnglín ࡣࠗᅜᨾㄽ⾮࠘ୖࠕㄒゝ⦕㉳ㄝ㸦ࡇࡤࡢ⏤ ᮶ࡘ࠸࡚㸧࡛ࠖ
ḟ
ࡢࡼ࠺ゝ࠺ࠋࠕ࠼
ࡤࠕⅭ
ࠖࡣ᰿㸦୍㐃ࡢᏐࡢᇶ♏࡞ࡿᏐ㸧ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࠕⅭࠖࡣ
ẕ⊷࠸࠺ព࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⊷ࡣே
ࡢࡋࡄࡉࢆ┿ఝࡓࡀࡿࠋࡔࡽࠕస
Ⅽࠖ࠸࠺ὴ ⏕ⓗ࡞⏝ἲࡀ ⏕ࡌࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢሙ
ྜࡣᏐᙧࡣࠕഇࠖኚ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࠕసⅭࠖࡣ⮬
↛࡛࡞࠸ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡔࡽࠕ ブഇࠖ࠸࠺ὴ ⏕ⓗ࡞ ⏝ἲࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠋ
ࠕブഇࠖࡣ┿ᐇ ␗࡞ࡿࠋ ࡔࡽࠕㆈ
ㄗࠖ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ὴ⏕ⓗ࡞ ⏝ἲࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࠋ
ࡇࡢሙྜࡣᏐᙧࡣࠕㆈࠖᨵࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࠖ㸦ࠗᅜᨾㄽ⾮࠘ୖ 39⾲-
㸹 ୡ⏺᭩ᒁᙳ༳ᮏࠗ❶Ặྀ᭩࠘ୖ
, p.439ୗ㸧ᮤ᪉᱇Lĭ Fāngguì
ඛ⏕ࡣࡇࡢㄝࢆᢈุࡋ࡚ḟ
ࡢࡼ࠺ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕࡶࡋ❶Ặࡢゝ࠺ࡼ࠺ࠕⅭࠖࡀ୍㐃ࡢᏐࡢᇶ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊⅭࡀẕ⊷࠸࠺ࡇ
࡛࠶ࢀ
ࡤࠊࡘࡲࡾࡣ⊷
ࡀ᰿※ⓗ࡞ពࡔ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣṊ ᩿࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕⅭࠖࡢᏐࡢᙧࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊඖࠎࡣ⊷ࢆ㇟ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢁ࠺ࡀࠊࠕⅭࠖࡢᏐ ࡢ㡢ࡀࡑࡶࡑࡶࠕసⅭࠖࡢពࢆᢸ࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢࠊࡑࢀࡶࠕ⊷
ࠖࡢពࢆᢸ࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᐇࡢࡇࢁ
ุ᩿ࡢୗࡋࡼ࠺ࡀ࡞
࠸ࠋࠕసⅭࠖ࠸࠺ពࡢࡇ
ࡤࢆ⾲ࡍ
ࡢࡑࢀぢྜࡗࡓ㐺ᙜ࡞㡢➢ࢆࡘࡃࡾฟ
ࡍࡇࡣ
⡆༢࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡔ
ࡽ㸦ྠ㡢ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࠕࢧࣝࠖࢆ⾲ࡍᏐࡢᏐᙧࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚⾲ࡍࡇࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺⪃࠼ࡓ᪉ࡀࡼ⮬↛࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ
㸦ỿවኈ๓ᥖ᭩, p.851㸧
⏥㦵ᩥࡸ㔠ᩥࡢࠕⅭࠖࡣࢧࣝࡣఝ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ⨶⋢Luó Zhènyù ࡢࠗẂ᭩ዎ
⪃㔘࠘ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕࡎࡿࠕⅭࠖࡢᏐࡣྂ௦ࡢ㔠ᩥࡸ▼㰘ᩥ࡛ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ∎㇟ᚑࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࠊ ẕ⊷ࢆ㇟ࡗࡓࡓࡕࡣぢ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ༦㎡࡛ࡣᡭ࡛ࢰ࢘ࢆᘬࡃࡓࡕ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ 㔠ᩥࡸ▼㰘ᩥࡢࠕⅭࠖ⌧ࢀࡿ∎ࡢ㒊ศࡀࠊ 㸦㸻ᡭ㸧ࡢኚࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ
ࡀศࡿࠋ࠙ᡭࢆ㏫ࡉࡋࡓ∎ࡢᏐ࡛࠶ࡿゎ㔘ࡍࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࠚ᫇ࡣࢰ࢘
ࢆປᙺࡗࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢࡇࡀᡈ࠸ࡣ∵ࢆࡗࡓࡾࠊ㤿ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞
ࡿࡼࡾࡶ๓⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡇࡢᏐࡣ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࠖ
㸦ࠗቑゞẂ᭩ዎ⪃㔘࠘ᕳ୰ ࠗ⨶㞷ᇽඛ⏕㞟୕⦅࠘, p.566㸧(24) ࡇࢀ࡛❶ẶࡢࠕࢧࣝࠖࢆࠕⅭࠖࡢᮏ᮶ࡢពࡍࡿㄝࡣ◚⥢ࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ ࡇࡀศࡿࠋᜍࡽࡃᡭ࡛ࢰ࢘ࢆᘬࡃࡇࢆ㇟ࡗࡓᏐᙧࡀࠕసⅭࠖࡢពࢆ⾲ࡍ
ࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
⋤ຊWáng LìẶࡢカネࡢㄝ᫂ࡶࡲࡓࠊࡁᏐ⩏㸦Ꮠ㠃ࡽᐹࡏࡽࢀࡿព㸧
ᣊἾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ぢཷࡅࡽࢀࡿࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤẶࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺ゝ࠺ࠋ ࠕࠕࠖࡢᏐࡣࠕỈࠖᚑ࠺ࡽࡣࠊࡑࡢᮏ᮶ࡢពࡀࠕỈࠖ㸦Ỉࢆ
⟶⌮ࡍࡿ㸧࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㐪࠸࡞࠸ࠋ࠙ࠗㄝᩥ࠘ࡣࠕࠖࢆᕝࡢྡ๓ࡋ
࡚࠾ࡾࠊᮒ㥴ኌ Zhū Jùnshēng ࡣࠕ⠌ᐇᙜฟู⩏㸪୍᭣Ứஓ㸪⌮ᑟỈஓࠋ㸦
ࡢ⠌ࡣᐇࡣᙜู⩏ฟࡎࡿࡋࠊ୍᭣ࡃỨ࡞ࡾࠊỈࢆ⌮࠾ ࡉࡵᑟࡃ࡞ࡾࠋ㸸ࠕࠖ
ࡢ⠌᭩యࡣᐇࡢࡇࢁࡢពࡽฟ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࡁ࡛ࠊᕝࢆࡵࡿࡇࠊ ᕝࢆᑟ࠸࡚⁄ࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࠖゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣጇᙜ࡞ぢ᪉
࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐇ㝿ࠊࠕ⌮ᑟỈࠖ࠸࠺ពࡋ࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡢࡀᮏ᮶ࡢ≧ἣ࡛࠶ࢁ
࠺ࠋࡔࡽᡃࠎࡣኴྂࡢ᫇ࡣὥỈࡀ⅏࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࢆド࡛᫂ࡁࡿࡢ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋࠚྂ௦ேࡣඛࡎ㸦ᕝࡢỈࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡍࡿ࠸࠺ពࡢ㸧ࠕࠖ࠸࠺Ꮠ
ࢆ㐀ࡗ࡚ࠊ࠶࡛ࡑࢀࢆᗈࡃ⏝࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࠊࠕ⌮ࠖ㸦ࡶࡢࡢ㐨⌮ࢆᚓࡍ
ࡿ㸧࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ពࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࠕ⋢ࠖ㸦⋢㛵ࡍࡿ࠶ࡽࡺࡿࡇ
㏻ࡎࡿ㸧ࠊࠕᅜࠖ㸦ᅜࢆ⤫ࡍࡿ㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㢮ࡣ࡚ᚋࡽ⏕ࡌࡓពࡍ ࡂ࡞࠸ࠋࠖ㸦⋤୍ Wáng Liăoyī㸦㸻⋤ຊ Wáng Lì㸧ࠕ᪂カネᏛࠖⴥ⪷㝡 Yè Shèngtáo
⦅ࠗ㛤᫂᭩ᗑ༑࿘ᖺ⣖ᛕㄽᩥ㞟࠘, ୖᾏ㛤᫂᭩ᗑ, 1947.3, pp.173-188 ࡢ p.188㸹
130
∧ᮏ, pp.189-204 ࡢ p.203㸹ࠗ₎ㄒྐ
ⓗㄽᩥ㞟࠘
, pp.277-289 ࡢ p.289 ࠙ ࠚ㒊ศ
ࡣᘬ⏝࡛ࡣ┬␎ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸧ࡲࡓࠕ
㞬
㸦㸧ࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࠊྂࡃࡣࠕ୧㫽ஓ㸦⩚ࡢ㫽࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࠖ࠸࠺ព࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡶࠕ୍
ᑐ࠸࠺ࡢࡀࡑࢀᙜࡓࡿࠖࡋࠊࠕ⅏
ࠖࡢྂ᮶ࡢពࡣࠕኳⅆ
᭣⅏㸦⮬↛
㉳ࡇࡿⅆ⅏ࢆ⅏࠸࠺㸧ࠖࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣࠕࢃࡊࢃ࠸⚝
ࠖࢆゝ࠺ࠋ 㸦ࠗ୰ᅜㄒᩥᴫㄽ࠘➨4⠇
ࠕྂᏐᙡⓗ₇ኚࠖ
, 㸦எ㸧ᣑⓗ Ꮚ
, p.98㸹⊦ಛ ᗉඵ࣭㔠ᆏ༤ヂ ࠗᨭ㑣ゝㄒᏛᴫㄽ࠘➨4⠇
ࠕㄒᙡࡢྐⓗኚ㑄ࠖ, 㸦எ㸧ᣑࡢ
p.77㸧ᩥᏐࡢᏐᙧࡀ᭷ࡍࡿព࡛ࡑࡢᏐࡀ༢ㄒࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ㝿ࡢ㸦ᵝࠎ࡞㸧
ពࢆ ⧳ࡵ
୍࡚ᚊㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡣ࡞ࡾ༴㝤࡞ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐇ㝿ࠊ⏥㦵ᩥࡢࠕ
ஸ⅏ࠖࡣ᪩ᮇࡢᏐ ᙧࡣ㸦ᕝࡀ㸧 ⃭ ὶࡋ࡚ỏ℃ࡍࡿࡉࡲࢆ㇟
ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡀᬌᮇࡣᠼᚑ࠸ࠊᅾࡢኌ㸦
ᠼࢆ ពࢆ⾲ࡍせ⣲ࡋࠊᅾࢆⓎ㡢ᣦ ♧グྕ
ࡍ
ࡿ㸧࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡾࠊᏐᙧࡣᡓதࡼࡿ⅏ᐖࢆ㇟ࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࠗㄝᩥ࠘༑⠍ୖࠕ
ⅆ㒊ࠖ㸦
40⾲̺54⾲㸧ぢ࠼ࡿࠕⅷࠖ㸦
49
㸧ࠊࠕ⅏ࠖ㸦49㸧ࡶ༑୍
⠍ୗࠕᕜ㒊ࠖ㸦3⾲̺5⾲㸧ࡢࠕඑ㸦㸻ᐖ㸧ࠖ㸦4⾲㸧Ꮠ⩏㸦Ꮠᙧᇶ࡙ࡃព㸧 ࡢㄝ᫂ࡣ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊㄒ⩏㸦༢ㄒࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿሙྜࡢព㸧ࡢ᪉ࡣ୍ᵝ
ࠕ⅏ᐖ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ
Ỉࠊ ⅆࠊ
ᡓத࡞࠸ࡗࡓせ⣲ࡼࡗ࡚
ᵝࠎ࡞⅏ᐖࡢ 㐪࠸ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ㸦୍㐃
ࡢ㸧Ꮠࢆసᡂࡍࡿ㝿ࡇࢀࡽࡢពⓗせ⣲ࢆຍࡋ㸦࡚༊ูࡋ㸧ࡓ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ࡕ
ࡻ࠺⌧௦࠾
࠸࡚᭩
ࡁゝ
ⴥ࡛ࠕࠖࠊࠕྩࠖࠊࠕᏭࠖࡢ୕ࡘࡢᏐᙧࡀ࠸ ศࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ
ᑐ
ࡋࠊヰࡋゝⴥ࡛ࡣ୍ࡘࡢʄʔ tā ࡋ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡢྠࡌࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࠋ
၈⹒
Táng LánࡢࠗྂᩥᏐᏛᑟㄽ࠘ࡣᩥᏐࡢࠕᮏ⩏ࠖ㸦ࠕࡘࡲࡾ᭱ึࡑࡢᏐࡀ᭩ࢀࡓ
ࡁࡑࡢᏐࡀ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ ពࠖ㸧ࠕㄒ⩏ࠖࢆ
༊ูࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀ௨๓
ࡢᏛ⪅ࡀᩥᏐࡢࡓࡕࡽ❚࠼ࡿࡑࡶࡑࡶࡢពࢆヰࡋゝⴥࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ
ሙྜࡢࡑࡶࡑࡶࡢពぢ࡞ࡋࡓࡢ ẚ࡚ 㐍Ṍ
ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋ၈Ặࡢゝ࠺ࠕㄒ⩏ࠖ㸦ࠕヰࡋゝⴥࡢ࠶ࡿ༢ㄒࢆ⾲ࡍ㐺ᙜ࡞ᩥᏐᙧᘧࡀ࡞࠸ࡁࡣࠊࡑࡢ ㄒྠ㡢࡛࠶ࡿᩥᏐࢆ
⏝࠸࡚⾲ࡉࡊ
ࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠖ㸧ࡣᐇࡢࡇࢁࠊᩥᏐࡢࠕ௬ࠖ
ⓗ⏝ἲ
ࢆゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡍࡂࡎࠊᏐࡀ㐀ࡽࢀࡓ㝿ࡢึ※ⓗពཱྀㄒㄒᙡࡋ࡚⌧ࢀࡿሙྜࡢព
㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ᫂░࡞
༊ูࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ࠼ࡤࠕኳࠖࠕࠖࡣᏐᙧࡢୖ࡛ேࡢࡓࡕ
㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊヰࡋゝⴥࡢ୰࡛ࡣࠕே
ࠖࡢពࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡇࢀࡣࡕࡻ࠺ࠕࠖࡀᏐᙧࡢୖ࡛ࡣࠕேࡀ㊊ࡢࡍࡡࢆᕪࡉࡏࡿࠖࡉࡲࢆ㇟ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿᣊࡽࡎࠊࡑࡢពୖࡢ
║ࡀࠕ ࢃࡿࠖࡇ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࠕே
ࠖࡸ
ࠕࡍࡡࠖ࡞࠸ࡢྠࡌ
ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠕึࠖࡘ࠸࡚ゝ࠼ࡤࠊᏐ⩏ࡣย㸦ࡸ㔪
ࠊ⣒㸧ࢆ
ࡗ࡚⾰᭹ࢆసࡾୖࡆࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊヰࡋゝⴥ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣᜍࡽ
ࡃ
ࠕጞࠖࡢពࡋ࡞ࡃࠊࠕ
⾰ࠖࡸ
ࠕยࠖࡢពࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ
࠺ࠋࠕ㧗ࠖࡶᏐᙧ ࡢ㠃࡛ࡣࠕྎほ㸦ࡓࡢ㸧ࡀ㧗ࡃࡑࡧ࠼ࡿࠖࡉࡲࢆ㇟ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊヰࡋゝⴥ࡛ࡣࠕ㧗࠸ࠖ࠸࠺
ពࡋ࡞ ࡃࠊࠕྎほ
㸦ࡓࡢ㸧ࠖࡢពࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࠕⅭࠖࡶࠊ Ꮠᙧࡢୖ࡛ࡣᡭ
࡛ࢰ࢘ࢆᘬࡃࡉࡲ㸦ᑠ⠌࡛ࡣࢧࣝࡢࡓࡕ
ゎ㔘ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࢆ㇟ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊヰࡋゝⴥ࡛ࡣࠕసⅭࠖࡢពࡋ࡞ࡃࠊࠕࢰ࢘ࠖࡢពࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ
Ⅼࢆࡣࡗࡁ
ࡾࡉࡏࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊᏐᙧࡀ ᣢࡘᮏ᮶ ⓗ࡞ ពࡢ㏣ồ
ࡣヰࡋゝ ⴥ⌧ࢀࡿሙྜࡢពࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡢᙺ❧ࡘࡇ࡛࠶ࢁ
࠺ࠋ㸳㸬㸱㸬ࠕ༢ㄒᐙ᪘ࠖࡢ◊✲
ྂ௦୰ᅜㄒ࡛ࡣពࡀ㏆࠸Ꮠࡣ ࠎࡋ࡚Ⓨ㡢ࡢⅬ࡛ࡶ㏆࠸㛵ಀ࠶ࡿഴྥ
ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᏐᙧࡢୖ࡛ࡁࡣྠࡌኌ➢ࢆ
ඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
Ᏽ௦ࡣ᪤ࠕྑᩥㄝࠖࢆᥦ
ၐࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ ၥ㢟╔
┠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ⪅ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋᏵࡢỿ
ࡋ ࢇᣓ
ࡘ Shĕn Kuò ࡢࠗክ➹ㄯ࠘ᕳ14ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕ⋤⪷⨾ᏐᏛ
㸪 ₇
⩏㸪௨
ⅭྑᩥࠋྂஅᏐ᭩㸪 ⓙ ᚑᕥ
ᩥࠋซᏐ㸪
㢮ᅾᕥ㸪⩏ᅾྑࠋ
ዴᮌ㢮㸪
ᕥⓙᚑᮌ
ࠋᡤㅝྑ
ᩥ⪅㸪ዴ⟢ 㸪ᑠ
ஓࠋỈஅ ᑠ⪅᭣ ὸ 㸪
㔠அᑠ≀᭣㖹㸪 Ṙ⪋ᑠ≀᭣ ṧ㸪㈅அ ᑠ≀᭣㈮㸪 ዴṈஅ㢮 㸪ⓙ ௨ᡆ
Ⅽ⩏ஓࠋカㄞ㸸⋤⪷⨾ ᏐᏛࢆࡵࠊࡢ⩏ࢆ
₇
࠾ࡋࠊ௨
࡚ྑᩥࢆⅭࡍࠋྂࡢᏐ᭩ࡣ ⓙᕥ
ᩥᚑ࠺ࠋซࡑᏐ࡞ࡿࡣࠊ㢮 ᕥᅾࡾࠊࡢ⩏ ྑᅾࡿࠋᮌ㢮ࡢዴࡁࡣࠊ
ࡢᕥࡣ
ⓙᮌ
ᚑ࠺ࠋᡤㅝ࠸ ࢃ ࡺࡿྑᩥࡣࠊᡆࡣᑠ
࡞ࡾࠊࡢዴࡁ࡞ࡾࠋ Ỉ
ࡢᑠ࡞ࡿ⪅ࡣὸ
᭣࠸ࠊ㔠ࡢᑠ࡞ࡿ≀ࡣ㖹᭣࠸ࠋṘ
ࡀ ࡘࡋ࡚ᑠ࡞ࡿ≀ࡣ ṧ
᭣࠸ࠊ㈅
ࡢᑠ࡞ࡿ≀
ࡣ㈮᭣࠺ࠋṈࡢዴࡁࡢ
㢮ࡣࠊⓙᡆࢆ௨࡚⩏
Ⅽࡍ࡞ࡾࠋ
ཱྀㄒヂ㸸⋤Ꮚ㡥ࡣᩥᏐࡢᏛࢆ◊✲ࡋࠊពࡽᩜ⾝ࡋ࡚ࠊྑ
ഃࡢ
ࡘࡃࡾࡀ㔜せ⪃
࠼ࡓࠋࡴࡋࡢᏐ᭩࡛ࡣࠊࡍ࡚ᕥഃࡢᡥ ࢇࡼࡗ࡚ࠝศ㢮
ࡋ࡚ࠞ࠸ࡿࠋ ࠸ࡗࡓ࠸ᩥᏐࡣࠊࡑࡢ㢮ࢆ♧ࡍ
ࡶࡢࡀᕥഃ࠶ࡾࠊ ពࢆ ♧ࡍ
ࡶࡢࡀྑഃࡃࡿࠊࡓ࠼ࡤࠕᮌࠖࡢ㢮ࡣࠊᕥഃࡀࡍ࡚ᮌࢇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᙼ
ࡢ࠸࠺ྑഃࡀ㔜せ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊࡓ࠼ࡤࠕ
ᡆ
jiān *dziEn;**dzean㸦K.*dzHien;**dzHiAn㸧ࠖࡣࠕᑠࡉ࠸ࠖࡢ
ព࡛ࠊ Ỉࡀ
ᑡ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠕῦqiăn *tsHiQn;**tsHjian㸦K.*tsHi9A_n;**tsHi9An㸧ࠖࠊ㸳㸬㸱㸬ࠕ༢ㄒᐙ᪘ࠖࡢ◊✲
カㄞ
ཱྀㄒヂ
132
㔠ࡀᑠࡉࡅࢀࡤࠕ㘆qián *dziQn;**dzjian㸦K.*dzHi9A_n;**dzHi9An㸧ࠖࠊ
ᑠࡉ࠸Ṙ
ࡀ ࡘ㸦ࡃࡔࡅࡓ
㦵㸧ࡀࠕṬcán *dzAn;**dzan㸦K.*dzHA^n;**dzHA^n㸧ࠖࠊᑠࡉ࠸㈅
㸦ྂ௦ࡢ㈌ᖯ㸧ࡀࠕ ㈾
jiàn *dziQn;**dzjian㸦K.*dzHi9A_n;**dzHi9An㸧࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ✀㢮ࡢࡶࡢࡣࠊࢀࡶࠕᡆࠖ㸦ᑠࡉ࠸㸧ࢆពᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸧ࠖ㸦pp.492-493
᪥
ヂ ➨㸰 pp.95-96ㄞ
ࡳୗࡋཬࡧࣆࣥࣥࠊ᥎ ᐃ㡢 ౯ࡣኴ
⏣ࡀࡅࡓ㸧(25)Ύ௦ࡢ◊✲
⪅ࡓ
ࡕࡣ㡢ࠊ⩏ࡀ㏆࠸Ꮠࢆᖐ⣡ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࡸ
ࡣࡾ࡞ࡾࡢ㈉
⊩ࢆࡋࡓࠋẸᅜ௨ᚋ࡛ࡣ❶Ⅸ㯌
Zhāng Bĭnglín ࠊᖌᇵ
Liú Shīpéi ࠊỿව
ኈ Shĕn Jiānshì ࠊᶞ㐩 Yáng Shūdá ࡽࡀ࠸ࡿࠋ㸦ཎὀ5㸧࠼ࡤ❶Ⅸ㯌Ặࡢࠗゝ
ㄒࡢጞࡲࡾ㸦ᩥጞ㸧࠘ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࠶ࡿࠋࠕࠗㄝᩥ࠘⠍ୗ44
ࡣࠕࠕᜇࠖ
kuă *kHua;**kHrwa㸦K.*?;**?㸧ࠊkuà*kHua;**kHrwa㸦K.*?;**?㸧ࡣ⫤࡛Ṍ
ࡴࡇ࠙ࠊ ࠊ ᨱ ᚑ࠺ࠋ
guō *kuA; **kwa 㸦K.*kuA^;**klwA^r㸧ࡇࢀᚑ࠺ࠋࠚࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
࠙ࡎࡿࠕ
ࠖࡣࠕ㐣ࠖ guò *kuA;**kwa 㸦K.*kuA^;**kwA^㸧ࠊguō *kuA;**kwa㸦K.*kuA^;**kwA^㸧ࡢዴࡃ Ⓨ㡢ࡉࢀࠊࠕᜇࠖ
ࡢ
Ⓨ㡢ࡶࡲࡓྠ ᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠚ ኚ
࠺ ࡘࡾ᫆
ࢃࡗ࡚ࠕ㐣ࠖ࡞ࢀࡤࠊࠕᗘࠖ㸦㸸
㐣ࡂࡿ㸧dù*duo;** daƒ㸦K.*dHuo;**dHA^g㸧࠸࠺
ព࡞ࡿࠋ࠙ࠕ㊬
ࠖ kuà *kHua;**kHrwaƒ 㸦K.*kHwA;**kHwA*㸧ࠊkù *kHuo;**kHwaƒ㸦K.*kHuo;**kHwo㸧ࡣࠕΏࠖ㸦㸸ࢃࡓࡿ㸧dù *duo;**daƒ㸦K.*dHuo;**dHA^g㸧࠸࠺ព࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣࠕ㐣ࠖ
ࡀࠕᗘࠖ࠸࠺
ពࢆ ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ ᖹ⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕᜇ
ࠖࡀࠕ㊬ࠖࡢព࡛⏝
࠸ࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊึᩥ㸦ྠࡌㄒᑐࡋ࡚࡛ྂ⾲グࡀ␗࡞ࡾࠊ」
ᩘࡢྠព ᏐࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿሙྜࡢࠊ᭱ึ⌧ࢀࡓࠊ୍㐃ࡢᩥᏐࡢ᰿
ᮏ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᏐࠋࠕᚋ㉳Ꮠࠖ
ᑐࡍࡿ㸧ࡢࠕ㐣
ࠖࡽศࡾࡁࡗࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠚ㨶㒊**aƒ㸦K.**o㸧
㌿ࡍ
ࢀࡤࠕ㊬ࠖ࡞ࡿࠋ ᨾࠕ ㊬ࠖࢆ ௨࡚ࡇࢀࢆࠕ⬒ࠖ
kù *kHuo;**kHwaƒ㸦K.*?;**?㸧 㸦ࠊkuà *kHua;**kHrwaƒ㸦 K.*?;**?㸧㸧࠸࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ⫤gŭ *kuo;**kwaƒ 㸦K.*kuo˘㸹**ko㸧ࠖ࠸࠺ព࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᨭ㒊
**eƒ㸦K. **eg㸧㌿ࡍ
ࢀࡤࠕᄻࠖ
kuĭ *kHiuI;**kHjiweƒ㸦K.*?;**?㸧࡞ࡿࠋࠕ༙Ṍࠖ࠸࠺ព࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡔࡽࠕ ᄻࠖ
ࡣࠕዋࠖkuí *kHiuEi;**kHweƒ㸦K.*kHiwei;**kHiweg㸧ࡶゝ࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ⫤ࡢ
㛫
ࠖ࠸࠺ព࡛࠶ࡿࠋὈ㒊
**ar㸦K.**Ad(At)㸧㏆㌿ࡍࢀࡤ
ࠕ㉺ࠖyuè *jiuAt;**ƒjwat 㸦K.*ji9wÅt;**gi9wA(t㸧࡞ࡿࠋࠕࡇ࠼ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ព࡛࠶ࡿ㸹ࠕ⡫ࠖyuè *jiuAt;**ƒjwat㸦K.*?;**?㸧࡞ࡿࠊࠕࡧ㉺࠼ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ព࡞ࡿࠋ࠙ࡇࢀࡽࡣࠕனࠖyú
*jiuo; **ƒjwaƒ㸦K.*ji9u;**gi9wo㸧ࡀᡤᒓ
ࡍࡿࠕ⢚
ࠖ yuè *jiuAt;**ƒjwat㸦K.*ji9wÅt;**gi9wA(t㸧㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࠚࠕᜇࠖࡣࡑࡢᮏ᮶ࡢ㡩㒊࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣ
Ꮳஙࡋ࡚㸦㸻ὴ
⏕ⓗ࡞ ពࢆ⋓
ᚓࡋ࡚㸧ࠕ㥽ࠖqí *gie;**gia㸦K.*gHjie9;**gHiA㸧࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㤿㊬ࡲࡓࡀࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠙ྂ௦ࡢ
Ⓨ㡢ࡣࡢࠕ ᰓࠖࡢ㡢㸦
kē㸺
gē㸧ࡢዴࡃ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࠕ㊬Ṍࠖ㸦⫤
࡛Ṍࡃ㸧࠸࠺ࡇࢁࡽ㌿ࡌ࡚ࠕ㊬㤿ࠖ㸦㤿ࡲࡓࡀࡿ㸧࠸࠺ࡩ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠚࡲࡓ
Ꮳஙࡋ࡚ࠕᗋࠖ
jì *kie;**kia㸦K.*?;**?㸧ࡶ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡍࡡࢆᣲ
ࡆ࡚ࠕΏࢃ ࡓࠖࡿ࠸࠺ព࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠙ࠕ㊬
ࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࢁࡽ㌿ࡌ࡚ࠕΏࠖ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠚࡲࡓᏣஙࡋ࡚ࠕ㥙ࠖjià *ka; **kra㸦K.*kA;**kA㸧
࡞ࡿࠊ㤿ࡀ
㌼ࢆ ╔ࡅ
࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ࠙ࠗリ⤒࠘ࠊࠗ᭩⤒࠘ࡣࠕ㥙ࠖࡢᏐࡣぢࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊࠕ
㥽ࠖࡢᏐࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠕ㥽
ࠖࡢ᪉ࡀࠕ㥙ࠖࡼࡾඛ
Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㐪࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ே㢮ࡣᮍ㛤ࡢ 㡭ࡣ㤿ࠕ㊬
ࡲࡓࡀࠖࡿࡇࡢ᪉ࡋ▱ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
㍿ࡸ ㌴㍯ࡀ ഛࢃ
ࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊ ᚚ ࡍࡿࠕ㥙ࠖ࡞ࡣ⌧ࢀࡣࡋ
࡞࠸ࡢ
ࡔὀ 㸸
ࠕ㥙ࠖࡢᏐࡣ⡤ᩥ࡛ࡣࠕ๖ࠖ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࠕྛࠖࡢኌᚑࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࠕ㥀ࠖࡶ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࠚ
㥽ࡣࡲࡓᏣஙࡋ࡚ࠕ
㸦㸻⨹㸧ࠖ
jī *kie;**kia㸦K.*kjie9㸹**kiA㸧࡞ࡿࠊࠕ㤿ࡢ࠾ࡶࡀ࠸ࠖ࠸࠺ព࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⬒ࡲ࠺ࡶࡢࡀ
ࠕ
⤟㸸 ࢬ࣎ࣥ㸦⌧ᅾࡣ〧⾲グ
ࡉࢀࡿ㸧ࠖkù *kHuo;**kHwaƒ㸦K.*kHuo;**kHwo㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㊊ࢆ
ⶸ࠺
⾰᭹ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋኚࡾ ᫆ࡗ࡚ࠕ〽 㸸
ࡋࡓࡤࡲࠖduó *dAk;**dak㸦K.*?;**?㸧࡞ࢀࡤࠊࡇࢀࡶࠕ
⤟ࠖࡢព࡞ࡿࠋᜇዋ
㸦㜏Ṍࡍࡿ㸧㒔ྜࡢⰋ࠸⾰᭹ࡀࠕ〥
㸸
ࡣࡲࠖqiān *kHian;**kHian㸦K.*kHi9A_n㸹**kHi9An㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ⤟ࠖ
ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ḷ㒊
**a㸦K.**A㸧ࡽᑐ㌿ࡋ࡚ᐮ㒊**an㸦K.**An㸧࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠖ㸦ࠗ❶Ặྀ᭩࠘
ṇ⦅ᡤࠗᩥጞ
࠘ᕳ୍ 1 ̺
2⾲㸹ୡ⏺᭩ᒁᙳ༳ᮏࠗ❶Ặྀ᭩࠘ୖ pp.55ୗᕥ -56ୖྑ㸹ࠗ❶ኴ⅖㞟࠘㸦㸧ᡤ, p.168ࠋཧ⪃ࡲ࡛࿘
Ặཬࡧ࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥࡢ᥎ᐃ㡢౯ࢆᣲࡆࡓࡀࠊ
ᙼ
ࡽࡢศ㢮❶Ⅸ㯌ࡢศ㢮ࡣ୍ᑐ୍
ᑐᛂࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࡇ␃ព
ࡉࢀࡓ࠸㸧(26)ࡎࡿࠊ❶Ặࡣ ඛࡎㄒ᰿
ࢆᣲࡆ࡚ࠊ◊✲ࡢฟⓎⅬࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ᪥ᮏ⤒⏤࡛㛫᥋ⓗཷࡅධࢀࡓ㏆௦ゝㄒᏛࡢᙳ㡪㸦࠼ࡤ㸯㸷ୡ⣖
ࡢ࣐ࢵࢡࢫ࣭࣑࣮ࣗࣛMax Müller ࡢᏛㄝ㸧ࡼࡿࠋࡋࡋẶࡣඛࡎㄝᩥ࠾ࡅࡿ㇟
ᙧࠊ
ᣦࡢࠕ⊂యࠖࢆึᩥ㸦࠼ࡤඛ
ᣲࡆ
ࡓࠕᜇޠ㸧ぢ࡞ࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣᩥᏐࡢኚ㑄ࡢཎ๎ྜ⮴
ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀ࠸
ࢃࡺࡿࠕᑐ ㌿ࠖࠊࠕ㌿
ࠖࠊࠕ㏆㌿ࠖ࡞ࡣࡑࡢᇶ‽ࡀవࡾ⦆ ࡍࡂ
࡚ࠊࠕ㌿ࠖࡎࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡣ࡞࠸࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶࡼࡃࠊᐜ᫆ࡇࡌࡘࡅ
㝗ࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࠊࡇࢀ࡛ࡣ⌧௦ࡢゝㄒᏛ⪅ࡢཝṇ࡞ࣉ ࣮ࣟ ࢳࡣ 㐲࠸ࠋ
134
ỿව
ኈࡶࠕྑᩥㄝᅾカネᏛୖஅἢ㠉ཬ᥎㜢
㸦ྑᩥㄝࡢカネᏛ࠾ࡅࡿἢ㠉ࡑࡢゎ᫂㸧ࠖ࠸࠺ㄽᩥ࡛ࠊ⾲ࢆᥖࡆࠊࢆ
ᣲࡆ
࡚ࠕྑᩥ㸦₎Ꮠࡢྑഃ㓄ࡉࢀࡿ
ᵓᡂ せ⣲㸧ࠖࡢබᘧ
ࢆㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤ㸸ࠕࠕ⓶ pí *biue;**biwa㸦K.*bHjie9;**bHiA㸧ࠖࡢྑᩥࡣ㸦୍㸧ࠕ
ボ
bì *biue;**biwa 㸦K.*pjie9;**piA㸧㸦bī *biue;**biwa㸦K.*pjie9;**piA㸧㸧ࠖࠕ⡔ bŏ *puA;**pwa 㸦K.*puA^;**pwA^㸧ࠊbò *puA;**pwa㸦K.*puA^;**pwA^㸧ࠖࠕ◚ pò *pHuA; **pHwa㸦K.*pHuA^;**pHwA^㸧ࠖ࡞ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺ศᯒࡍࡿ࠸࠺ពࢆ
ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
ሙ
ྜࠊ㸦㸧ࠕᙼ bĭ *piue;**piwa㸦K.*pjie9˘㸹**piA㸧ࠖࠕ㠛 bèi *biue;**biwa 㸦K.*bHjie9;**bHiA㸧ࠖࠕ屙bì *piue;**piwa㸦K.*?;**?㸧ࠖࠕᖀ pèi *pHiue;**pHiwa 㸦K.*?;**?㸧ࠖࠕ⿕ bèi *biue;**biwa㸦K.*bHjie9;**bHiA㸧ࠖ࡞ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺⿕
࠸ࢆ╔ࡅࡿ࠸࠺ពࢆᣢࡘ ሙྜࠊ㸦୕㸧ࠕ㡾
pō *pHuA; **pHwa㸦K.*pHuA^㸹**pHwA^㸧ࠖࠕ㊤ bŏ *puA;**pwa㸦K.*puA^;**pwA^㸧ࠊbì *piue;**piwa㸦K.*pjie9;**piA㸧ࠖ
ࠕἼ bō *puA;**pwa㸦K.*puA^㸹**pwA^㸧ࠖࠕᢨ pī *pHiue;**pHiwa㸦K.*pHjie9㸹**pHiA㸧ࠖ
ࠕ
㝂
bēi㸦,pí,pō㸧*piue;**piwa㸦K. *pjie9㸹**piA㸧ࠖࠕᆜ pō *pHuA;**pHwa㸦K.*?;**?㸧ࠖ࡞ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺
ᩳࡵ
ഴࡃ࠸࠺ ពࢆ ᣢࡘ ሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢὴ ⏕ⓗ࡞ព
ࡀࡢࡼ࠺⏕ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࠸࡚ゝ࠼ࡤࠊࠕ⿕࠸ࢆ╔ ࡅࡿࠖ
ࠕ
ศᯒ ࡍࡿࠖ࠸ࡗࡓពࡀඛ
ࡎࠕ⓶ࠖࡽ⏕ࡌࡓᚋࠊ ᭦ࠕศ
ᯒࡍࡿࠖ࠸࠺
ពࡽࠕᩳࡵഴࡃ
ࠖ࠸࠺ពࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࠖ㸦pp.809-910 ⌧ ௦㡢ཬࡧ࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥ᥎ᐃ
㡢౯ࡣኴ⏣ࡀ㝃ࡋࡓࠋ௨ୗࡢᘬ⏝ࡶྠᵝ
㸧ࡎࡿ ỿẶࡢḞⅬ
ࡣࠊ㸦ヰࡋ㸧ࡇࡤࡢ᰿ᮏࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡀ࡞࠾ᩥᏐࡢᣊ᮰ࡽᢤ
ࡅฟࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵ
ࠊ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶㄽ⌮ⓗࡍࡗ ࡁࡾࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿ
ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ
ᮦᩱࡶ
ࢇࡀᏐ᭩ᣐࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ ከࡃࡢ᰿ᮏ ⓗ࡞Ꮠ㸦
ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ㸧ࡀヰࡋゝⴥࡢ࡞⌧ࢀࡓࡇࡀ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࡢゎ㔘ࡶࡸࡣࡾࡇ
ࡌࡘ ࡅ
ࡋᛮ࠼࡞࠸ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤ
ࠕ⓶pí *bHjie9㸹**bHiAࠖࡽ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠕᩳࡵഴࡃࠖ࠸࠺ពࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡢࠊ࠺ࡶ⌮ゎⱞࡋࡴࠋࡲࡓࠕ㎰ nóng
*nuoN;**n´wN㸦K.*nuoN㸹**no^N㸧ࡣཌ࠸࠸࠺ពࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ᮶ࡢᏐࡣஙrŭ
*iuo;**njew㸦K.*n@z@i9u˘㸹**n@i9u࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࠖ⮳ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢᮏᏐࡢ᥎
ᐃࡢࡋ
ࡓࡣ࡚ࡶ⣡ᚓࡢ࠸ࡃࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᮤ᪉᱇ඛ⏕ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺ゝ࠺㸸 ࠕ୰ᅜࡢᩥᏐࡣྂࡃぢ✚ࡶࡗ࡚ࡶࡓࡔ༓ᖺࡢṔྐࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀẚ
ࡿ୰ᅜࡢ㸦ヰࡋ㸧ࡇࡤࡣࡎࡗྂ࠸Ṕྐࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᩥᏐࡢ◊✲ࡽᡃࠎࡣྂ࠸௦ࡢゝㄒࡢซࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡋࡋᩥᏐࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ
௨๓ࡢࡇ
ࡤࡽࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኚࢆ㐙ࡆ࡚ᩥᏐᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ ࡤ࡞ࡗࡓ
ࡢ࠸ࡗࡓၥ㢟ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓࡾࠊ㸦୍㐃ࡢ༢ㄒࡀὴ⏕ࡉࢀࡿᇶ࡞ࡿ㸧᰿ᮏ
ⓗ
࡞༢ㄒ㛵ࡍࡿᵝࠎ࡞◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ሙ
ྜࡣࠊᡃࠎࡣᏐᙧࢆ࠺ࡕᤞ࡚࡚㸦ヰࡋ㸧 ࡇࡤࢆ᰿ᣐ
ࡏࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ☜㸦ヰࡋ㸧ࡇࡤࡢⓎ㡢ࡢ◊✲ࡣᏐᙧ㢗
ࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡶࡋ࿘⛙
௦ࡢ㡢㡩య⣔ࡀ‶㊊ࡢ⾜ࡃࡼ࠺࡞ࡓࡕ࡛ᡴࡕ❧࡚ࡽࢀࡓ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ
ᡃࠎࡣࡑࡇ࡛ṇ
ࡋ࠸㌶㐨ࡗࡓࡇ࡞ࡾࠊ୍
Ṍ୍ Ṍ㡢ࢆ᰿ ᣐࡋ࡚㐳
ࡗ࡚⾜ࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ͐͐⚾ࡀ
ὀពࡏ ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠕᏐࡣⓎ
㡢ሗ
㸦㡢➢㸧ࢆࡑࡢෆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡽࡣࠊࡑࡢ㡢➢ࡢᵓ㐀ࡽᙜࡢࡇࡤࡢⓎ㡢య⣔ࡢ࠶ࡽࡲࡋࢆ▱ࡾᚓࡿࡀࠊ Ꮠ
ᙧࡢ ศࠊ ኚ㑄Ⓨ
㡢ࠊពࡢศ
ࠊኚ㑄࠸ࡗࡓၥ㢟ࡣࡇࢀᖹ
⾜ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞┤
᥋ࡢ 㛵ಀࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࠖ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦ỿẶ ๓ᥖ
ㄽᩥ, p.850㸧 ᐇ᰾ᚰࢆ⾪࠸ࡓࢥ࣓
ࣥࢺゝ࠺ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ㸟࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥࡣࠗWord Families in Chinese㸦₎ㄒモ㢮㸧࡛࠘ㄒ※ࢆྠࡌࡃࡍࡿ
ྠ⩏ㄒࢆᖐ⣡ศ㢮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙼࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺ゝ࠺㸸
ࠕ…; in Chinese, as in all other lamguages, the words form families, groups of cognate words formed from one and the same primary stem. ࠙It is not allowable to identify Chinese ┠ Arch. mi ok1)’eye’ with Tibetan mi ’eye’ so long as we have not first established the word family to which mi ok belongs. Akin to mi ok is undoubtedly the word
╎
Arch. mi o ’pupil of eye’: and it is just as likely that it is this mi o which corresponds directly to the Tibetan mi. In other words: before Sinitic comparative linguistics can be safely tackle there remains a great task to be solved in each of the language groups concerned.ࠚ In Chinese the words must be sorted and grouped according to genetic affinity, and the same must be done in T’ai and in Tibeto-Burman.Then,but only then, we can start comparing the word groups of these three great branches and hope for reliable results.࠙That some words in Chinese are cognate to others is of course no new idea. Already August Conrady in his pioneer work: Eine Indo-Chinesische Causativ-Denominativ-Bildung, 1896, had this as a fundamental point of departure. In my Analytic Dictionary I have pointed out, in many cases, ࠚ such affiinities between words, not only examples in which one and the same word happens
136
to be represented by two different characters, e.g. 㞟 dzi p: ㍴ dzi p, and hence appears to be two different words, but also cases like
ዃ Anc.
kp ’to press’: ⊃ Anc.p ’narrow’ etc., which are clearly cognate words. Indeed, even the Chinese script often indicates two forms as cognate by designing them with one and the same character:
㛗
’i n ’long’:㛗
i n ’grow long, grow up’.୰ᅜㄒ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡑࡢࡢ࠶ࡽࡺࡿゝㄒྠᵝࠊ༢ㄒࡀከࡃࡢྠ⣔ࢢࣝ
࣮ࣉࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢ୍㐃ࡢྠ※㛵ಀ࠶ࡿㄒࡣྠ୍ࡢㄒ᰿ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓ ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠙࠼ࡤ୰ᅜㄒࡢࠕ┠ࠖୖྂ㡢 mi9o^k㸦࿘**mj´wk㸧 ࡣࡶࡋ ࡇࢀࡀᒓࡍࡿ༢ㄒࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆඛࡎ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚࠾࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊࢳ࣋ࢵࢺㄒࡢ mig ྠࡌࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆド᫂ࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡛
ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠕ╎ࠖ
ࡘ࠸࡚ゝ࠼ࡤࠊࡑࡢୖྂ㡢ࡣmi9o^g㸦࿘**mj´wƒ㸧㸦ࡦࡳ㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊmi9o^k
ྠ㢮࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣ࠸ࢆ࠸ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡘࡲࡾࡇࡢ mi9o^g ࡣࢳ࣋ࢵࢺㄒࡢ mig
┤᥋⤖ࡧࡘࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋゝ࠸࠼ࡿࠊࣥࢻࢩࢼẚ㍑ゝㄒᏛࡢ◊✲ࡀၥ 㢟࡞ࡃ㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊࡲࡎྛㄒ⣔࠾࠸࡚ኚ࡞సᴗࢆ∦
ࡅ࡚࠾
࡞ࡅࢀ
ࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠚ୰ᅜㄒࡢ༢ㄒࡣࡑࡢᮏ᮶ࡢྠ※
㛵ಀ↷
ࡽࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆ୍ࡘ୍ࡘศ㢮ࡏࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࢱㄒࡸࢳ࣋ ࢵࢺ࣭
ࣅ࣐ࣝㄒ࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶࡇࡢࡼ࠺
ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊᡃࠎࡣࡇࡢ୕ㄒ⣔ࡢࠕ༢ㄒᐙ
᪘ࠖࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸
ࡋࠊಙ㢗ࡢ⨨
ࡅࡿ ⤖ᯝ
ࢆᚓࡿࡇࡶᮇᚅ࡛ ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࠙୰ᅜㄒ࠾ࡅࡿ༢ㄒ┦㛫ࡢྠ※㛵ಀபࠎ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡾࡓ࡚࡚᪂ࡋ࠸ぢ ゎ࠸࠺ヂ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
࢘ࢢࢫ
ࢺ࣭ࢥࣥࣛࢹ㸦
August Conrady㸧ࡀඛ㥑ⓗ
ᴗ⦼ࠗEine Indo-Chinesische Causativ-Denominativ-Bildung㸦ࣥࢻࢩࢼㄒࡢᙺືモࠊ
ྡືモ⤌⧊㸧࠘
, 1896 ࠾࠸࡚ࡇࡢぢゎࢆᇶᮏⓗ࡞ฟⓎⅬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⚾ࡶࠗ Analytic dictionary of Chinese and Sino-Japanese㸦୰ᅜㄒゎᯒᏐ㸧࠘, Paris,
1923, 438p.࡛
ከࡃࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡇࡢ✀ࡢ༢ㄒ㛫
ࡢྠ※㛵ಀࢆᣦࡋࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛
ᣲࡆ
ࡓࡢࡣࠚࠕ㞟ࠖdzHi9´p㸦࿘**dzji´p㸧㸸
ࠕ㍴ࠖdzHi9´p㸦࿘**dzji´p㸧ࡢࡼ࠺
୍ࡘࡢ༢ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡘࡢ
␗࡞ࡿᏐయ࡛⾲ࡉࢀ࡚ࠊࡘࡢ༢ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡼ
࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࠕዃࠖkA&p㸦࿘*kQp㸧㸦⥾
ࡵࡅ
ࡿ㸧㸸ࠕ⊃ࠖƒA&p㸦࿘*ƒQp㸧㸦⊃࠸㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᫂ࡽྠ※㛵ಀ࠶ࡿ࡞࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᐇ㝿ࠊ୰ᅜࡢᩥᏐ࡛ࡣ㸦㏫㸧ูࡢㄒ※࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀ୍ࡘࡢᏐ࡛⾲ࡉ
ࢀࡿ࠸ࡗࡓሙྜࡶࡼࡃ࠶ࡿࠋ࠼
ࡤ
ࠕ㛗ࠖ
i9AN㸦㛗࠸ࠊஂࡋ࠸㸧㸸
ࠕ㛗ࠖi9AN 㸦⫱ࡘࠊ⏕㛗ࡍ
ࡿ㸧ࠋࠖ 㸦㔗⳹ᙳ༳ᮏ, p.9-10㸹୰ᅜㄒヂ, pp.1-3㸧ࠊᑡࡋࢆᣲࡆ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋẶࡣ
1.ࠕ᩷guăn **kwA^n㸦
㸸᭤
ࡗࡓࠊ᩷᪕ࡍࡿࠊ⧳ࢃࡾࡘࡃ㸧ࠖ㸦࿘**kwan㸧2.ࠕwán **gHwA^n㸦
㸸ࡇ
ࢁࡇࢁ㌿ࡀࡿࡶࡢࠊ࠸㸧ࠖ㸦࿘
**gwan㸧3.ࠕ㑏huán **gHwAn㸦
㸸ᅇ㌿ࡍࡿࠊ㌿ ᅇࡍࡿ㸧ࠖ㸦࿘
**grwan㸧4.ࠕᅳhuán **gHwAn㸦
㸸ᅇ㌿ࡍࡿࠊࡲ ࢃࡾࢆᅖࡴ㸧ࠖ㸦࿘
**grwan㸧5.ࠕᑇhuán **gHwAn㸦
㸸࿘ᅖࡵ ࡄࡽ
ࡏࡓᇉ᰿㸧ࠖ㸦࿘
**grwan㸧 6.ࠕ㨌huán **gHwAn㸦㸸ࡲ
ࡆ㸧ࠖ㸦࿘**grwan ?㸧7.ࠕ⎔huán **gHwAn㸦
㸸࿘ᅖࢆᅖࡴࠊ
ྲྀࡾᅖࡴ㸧ࠖ㸦࿘
**grwan㸧8.ࠕᕳjuăn,juàn **ki9wAn㸦㸸ᕳࡃࠊᕳࡁ
ࡅࡿ㸧㸦࿘
**kiwan㸧ࠊ quán **gHi9wAn㸦㸸‴ ᭤ࡍ
ࡿ㸧 㸦࿘**giwan㸧ࠖ9.ࠕᅪjuàn **gHi9wAn㸦
㸸࿘ࡾࢆᅖࡴ㸧
㸦࿘**giwan㸧ࠊ quān **kHi9wAn㸦㸸࠸ ㍯ࠊ ࡃ࿘ᅖ
ࢆᘔࡿ㸧ࠖ㸦࿘**kHiwan㸧 10.ࠕ᳁
quān **kHi9wAn㸦㸸
࠸ᮌࡢ☇㸧ࠖ㸦࿘**kHiwan㸧11.ࠕ
ᣙ
quán **gHi9wA(n㸦㸸ࡇࡪࡋࠊᣙ㦵㸧㸦࿘**giwan㸧ࠖ12.ࠕ
ᅳᅭဨyuán **gi9wAn㸦㸸 ࠸ ᙧ㸧
㸦࿘**ƒiwan㸧ࠖ
13.ࠕ
⍘yuàn **gi9wAnࠊ**gi9wA(n㸦 㸸⋢ࡢ⎔㸧㸦࿘
**ƒiwan㸧ࠖ14.ࠕ
ᅬ
yuán **gi9wA(n㸦㸸࿘ᅖࢆᅖࡴࠊⰼᅬ
ࠊබᅬ㸧㸦࿘**ƒjwan㸧ࠖ15.ࠕ⧝huán **gHiwen㸦
㸸
ᕳ࠸࡚⥾ࡵࡿࠊ ࡄࡿࡄ
ࡿᕳࡁࡍࡿࠊᕳ࠸࡚᮰ࡡ
ࡿ㸧ࠖ㸦࿘**gewan㸧
16.ࠕ㕷xuàn **gHiwen㸦㸸
㰓ࢆᢸ
ࡂ࠶ࡆࡿࡓࡵ⪥㏻ࡍ㔠 ල㸧ࠖ㸦࿘
**gwen㸧17.ࠕᅔkùn **kHw´n㸦
㸸ໟᅖࡍࡿࠊ⑂
ࢀࡿࠊᅔࡿ㸧ࠖ㸦࿘**kHw´n㸧 18.ࠕ⿎
gŭn **kw´n㸦㸸 ࡄࢁ
ࢆᕳ࠸ࡓ㱟ࡢᶍᵝࡢ
♩᭹㸧ࠖ㸦࿘**kw´n㸧 19.ࠕ㍪gŭn **kw´n㸦 㸸㌴ ㍯ࡀ ࡽ ᅇ㌿ࡍ
ࡿ㸧ࠖ㸦࿘**kw´n㸧 20.ࠕᅙqūn **kHi9wEn㸦㸸
࠸✐㸧ࠖ㸦࿘**kHiw´n㸧
21.ࠕ
㌷
jĭn **ki9w´n㸦㸸㌷㝲ࠊ ㌷ࠋ ㆤ⾨ࡢරࡀ
ᡓ㌴ࡢ࿘ᅖࢆྲྀࡾᕳ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᏐࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧㸦࿘**kjw´n㸧ࠖ
22.ࠕ㐠yùn **gi9w´n㸦㸸㐠ࡪ㸧㸦࿘**ƒjw´n㸧ࠖ
23.ࠕ
ᬥ
yùn㸦,yūn㸧 **gi9w´n㸦㸸ኴ㝧 ࡸ᭶
ࡢ࿘ࡾ࡛ࡁࡿ ᬥ
ࡉ㸧㸦࿘**ƒjw´n㸧ࠖ138
24.ࠕ
⾨wèi **gi9wAd㸦㸸
ྲྀࡾᅖࡴࠊㆤ⾨ࡍࡿࠊᏲ
ࡿ㸧㸦࿘**ƒiwar㸧ࠖ25.ࠕᅇhuí **gHw´r㸦
㸸ᅇ㌿ ࡍࡿࠊ ࿘ᅖࢆᅖࡴࠊ
㌟ࢆ⩻ࡍࠊ୍ᅇ㸧㸦࿘**gw´r㸧ࠖ26.ࠕ
㲬
huí **gHw´r㸦㸸ᕳ ࡁ㸧㸦࿘
**gw´r㸧ࠖ27.ࠕᖐguī **ki9w´r㸦㸸㏉ࡿ㸧㸦࿘**kjw´r㸧ࠖ
28.ࠕ
ᅩ
wéi **gi9w´r㸦㸸ࡄࡿࡄ
ࡿᕳࡁࡍࡿ㸧㸦࿘
**ƒjw´r㸧ࠖ29.ࠕ
ะ
wán **NwA^n㸦㸸ࡃ๐ࡿࠊゅࢆ ๐ࡗ࡚ࡃࡍࡿ㸧㸦 ࿘
**Nwan㸧ࠖ30.ࠕ
┊
wăn **/wA^n㸦㸸࠸
ᮌࡢ☇㸧㸦࿘
**/wan㸧ࠖ31.ࠕ
᩷
wo **/wA^t㸦㸸᭤ࡗࡓࠊ᩷᪕ࡍࡿࠊ⧳ࢃ
ࡾࡘࡃ㸧㸦࿘**/wat㸧ࠖࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ
㌾ཱྀ 㡢ኌẕ࡛
-n ࡲࡓࡣ -d,-r ࡢ㡩ᑿࢆᣢࡕࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࠕ࠸ࠖࠕᘔࡾᕠࡽࡍࠖ࠸ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞ពࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡽࠊ୍ࡘࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ⧳ࡵࡿࡇ
ࡀ࡛
ࡁࡿ࠸࠺㸦ཎ᭩
, pp.80-81㸹୰ᅜㄒヂ, pp.158-161㸧ࠋࡎࡿ࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥẶࡣㄒࡢ㡢ኌᙧᘧࢆ⪃࠼ࠊᏐᙧࡢ
᮰⦡ࢆ ཷࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢẚ㍑ⓗ
⊃࠸⠊ᅖ
㝈ᐃ
ࡋ࡚ࠊኌẕࡤࡾ࡛࡞ࡃ㡩ᑿࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㓄៖ࡋ࡚ࠊ
㈨ᩱ㞟ࡢୖ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡾ
ៅ㔜࡞ែᗘࢆྲྀ
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸦ཎὀ6㸧ࡋࡋ࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥẶࡶᏐ⩏ࡢ㠃ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ
ࡸࡣࡾㄗゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ
ࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤ࣮࢝ࣝࢢࣞࣥẶࡣࠕ㍢
liàngࠖࠕ
㍱
liángࠖࠕ㎚lìࠖࠕ㍒lùࠖࢆ୍ࡘࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡍࡿࡀࠊࠕ㍱liángࠖࡣࠕ㎀㍱୰ࠖ࠸࠺ㄒࡋ⌧ࢀࡎࠊࠕ㎀㍱wēnliáng㸦㸸
ᐷ࡞ࡀࡽ ࢀࡿ㌴
ࠋ୍ㄝࠊ㛤㛢ฟ ᮶
ࡿࡲࢆタࡅࠊ㛢ࡌ
ࡿ ࡛㛤ࡃᾴࡋ࠸㌴ࠋᚋࠊ㌿ࡌ
࡚ࠊṚ ᒈࢆ ࡏ
ࡿ႙㌴
ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿ㸧ࠖࡣᐇࡣࠕ ᾴwēnliángࠖࡢᏐᙧࢆᨵࡵࡓࡶࡢ㸦ࠗྐグ
࠘ࠕ⛙ጞⓚᮏ⣖ࠖ,
Ⅼ
ᰯᮏp.264㸹ྜྷ⏣㈼ᢠヂ p.468࡛ࡣ౫↛ࠕ㎀ᾴࠖ⾲グࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧
࡞ࡽ࡞࠸(27)㸹ᮏ᮶ࡣኳᩥࡸೃ㛵ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ㌴ࡣఱࡢ㛵ಀࡶ
࡞࠸ࠋࠕ
㍢
liàngࠖࡣࠕ୧liăngࠖ೫ࢆຍ࠼ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦ཎὀ7㸧Ặ⮬㌟ࡶࡇࢀࡣࠕ༢⣧࡛ึṌⓗ࡞⪃ᐹ᩿ࠖࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ୍㒊ࡢྠ※㛵ಀ࠶ࡿྍ
⬟
ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿㄒࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᡴࡕᤞ࡚࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸦୰ᅜㄒヂ p.106㸧ᚋࠊࠕ༢ㄒᐙ
᪘ࠖࡢ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ⣧⢋࡞ゝㄒᏛⓗほ Ⅼ ❧ࡕࠊ
ᩥᏐࡢᏐᙧࡽࢃࢀ࡞࠸ࡇࠊࡲࡓ㏆௦ࡢᅜෆእࡢ◊✲⪅ࡢᡂᯝࢆ༑ศ
⌮ゎ
ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊៅ
㔜࡞ែᗘ࡛ศᯒࡍࡿࡇࡢ᪉ࡀᚲ せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡞ ࡅࢀ
ࡤṇ☜
࡞⤖ᯝࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ㸳㸬㸲㸬㇟ኌㄝ
Ύ௦ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡓࡕࡣࠕᏐ㡢࡛≀㡢ࢆࡓࡿࠖ
ၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤ
ࠊ㤨Ⅵ
Ráo JiŏngࡣࠗᩥᏐᏑ┿࠘㸦ᡤࠗභ᭩ㄝ࠘ࡢࠕභ᭩ᙧኌᘵᅄࠖ, ୍, ➨
㡫
⾲㹼㸧࡛ḟࡢࡼ࠺㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕ࠙⚾ࠊ
㤨Ⅵࡢ ⪃ᐹ
࡛ࡣࠚᙧ
ኌࡣⓎ㡢ࡀពᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸࡚ࠊᏐᙧࡣⓎ㡢ࡼࡗ࡚
つᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠙ᙜ↛ࠊ Ⓨ㡢ࡀ࡛ࠊᏐ ᙧࡣᚑ ࡔ࠸࠺ࡇ
࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡔ
ࡽチៅඛ⏕ࡣࠗㄝᩥゎᏐ࠘ ᗎ࡛ࠊࠕࢆ௨࡚ ྡ
Ⅽࡋࠊ㆜
࠼ࢆྲྀࡾ࡚┦࠸ᡂࡍࠋ㸦㸦㡢➢㸧ࢆྡࡋࠊ
㆜㸦 ព➢㸧ࢆࡗ࡚࡛ࡁࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࠖ
ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠚ࠼ࡤỤ**krewN㸦K.**ku(N㸧ࡣᕤ**kewN㸦K.**kuN㸧 ࡢኌ
ᚑࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦ࠕᕤࠖ࠸࠺Ⓨ㡢ࢆ⾲ ࡍせ⣲ࢆᵓ
ᡂせ⣲ࡋ࡚ᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡚㸧(28)ࠊỤࡀὶࢀ⾜ࡃࡇࢁࡣ▼ࡀ
ከࡃࠊ Ỉࡢὶ
ࢀࡿ㡢ࡀᕤᕤ㡪ࡃࡽࠊᕤࢆᵓᡂせ⣲ࡋ࡚Ụ࠸࠺ࡇࡤࡀ㐀ࡽࢀࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸹᪉ࠊἙ
**ga㸦K.**gHA^㸧࠸࠺ࡢࡣྍ**kHa㸦K.**kHA^㸧ࡢኌ
ᚑࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊὶࢀ⾜ࡃࡇࢁ
◁ࡀ ከࡃࠊ Ỉ
ࡢὶࢀࡿ㡢ࡀྍྍ㡪ࡃࡽྍࢆᵓᡂせ⣲ࡋ࡚ᙧ࡙ࡃࡽࢀࡓࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠙
͐ࠚࠖ
(29)ᙇ⾜ Ꮢ
Zhāng Xíngfú ࡢ㸦ࠗㄝᩥⓎ࠘ᡤ㸧ࠕᏐ㡢ẖ㇟≀
ኌ㸦Ꮠ㡢ࡣ࡚≀㡢ࢆ㇟ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࠖ࠸࠺ㄽᩥ࡛ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕ᫇ࡢேࠎࡣึࡵ࡚ᩥᏐࢆࡘ
ࡃࡾฟࡍ
ࡁࡣᏐᙧ࡛ ≀ࡢ ᙧࢆ㇟
ࡾࠊᏐ㡢࡛≀
ࡢ㡢ࢆ㇟ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤ∵ࡢᏐࡣ ∵ࡢᙧ
ࢆ㇟ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ∵ࡢᏐ㡢
niú *Ni´u;**Njw´ƒ㸦K.*Ni9´9u;**Ni9u(g㸧ࡣ࠸࠺∵ࡢ㬆ࡁ
ኌఝ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠙͐͐ࠚ ᮌ࠸࠺Ꮠࡣᮌࡢᙧࢆ㇟ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᮌࡢ㡢*muk;**mewk㸦K.*muk;**muk㸧ࡣᮌࢆ྇
ࡃ ࡁࡢ㡢
ఝ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠙͐͐ࠚᙧ
ኌࠊព࠸ࡗࡓᩥᏐࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᏐᙧࡀ≀ࡢᙧࢆ㇟ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࡀࠊᏐ㡢ࡢ᪉ࡣࡸࡣࡾ≀ࡢ㡢ࢆ㇟
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤ
㞱
jī *kiEi;**keƒ㸦K.*kiei㸹**kieg㸧࠸࠺Ꮠࡣ㞖࠸࠺
ពࢆ⾲ࡍせ⣲ࢆᣢ
ࡕࠊዖxī *ƒiEi;**geƒ㸦K.*ƒiei㸹**gHieg㸧࡛Ⓨ㡢ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿヂ
ࡔࡀࠊ㞱
ࡢᏐ㡢ࡣ㭜ࡢ㬆ࡁኌఝ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠖ㸦ཎὀ8㸧(30)㏆௦ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡣࡇࡢㄝࢆ᭦ᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᖌᇵLiú Shīpéi ࡢࠗ୰ᅜᩥᏛᩍ
⛉᭩࠘➨ㄢࠕㄽᏐ㡢அ㉳※㸦ゝㄒ㡢ኌࡢ㉳※ࡘ࠸࡚㸧࡛ࠖࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺ゝ࠺㸸 ࠕゝㄒ㡢ࡢ㉳※࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡣᗄࡘ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ➨୍ࡣ⮬
↛ Ⓨࡏࡽࢀࡿ㡢ኌ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠙
⮬↛ Ⓨࡏ
ࡽࢀࡿ㡢ኌࡣཱྀࡸ⯉ࡀ┦ㄪ⠇
ࡉࢀࠊ㛵ࡋ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ㸳㸬㸲㸬㇟ኌㄝ
140
Ⓨ
ࡏࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᵝࠎ࡞ᆅ
ᇦ࠾࠸࡚ᗈࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ㡢ኌࡣࠊࡍࡽࡃ ᗂ
ඣࡢⓎࡍࡿ㡢ኌࡢ࠺ࡕ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ ᆅᇦࡸ௦ࡢไ
⣙ࢆཷࡅࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࡇࡢ✀ࡢ㡢ኌࡣ⮬↛ࡢ㡢ゝࡗ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸ࠋ
ヨࡳᗄࡘࡢࢆᣲ
ࡆ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋࠚ
ࠕᡃwŏ *NA;**Na㸦K.*NA^;**NA^㸧ࠖࡣఱႅࢁ࠺ࡍࡿࡁඛࡎฟ࡚ࡃࡿ㡢
㸦ኌ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋື
≀࡛ࡶ㬆
࠸ࡓࡾྭ࠼ࡓࡾࡍࡿࡁ
ࡣࡸࡣࡾࠊࠕᡃࠖ࠸࠺ㄒࡢ㡢ࡀฟ࡚
ࡃࡿࠋ࠙ேࡀఱゝ࠾࠺ࡍ
ࡿࡁࡣඛࡎࠕᡃࠖࡀႃࡽⓎࡏࡽࢀࡿࠋࠚ
ࡔ
ࡽ᫇ࡢேࡣࡇࡢ㡢࡛⮬ศࢆ⾲ࡍࡇࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠙⌧௦ࡢ᪥ᮏࡢ༑㡢ᅗࡢጞࡵࡣࠕ
ࠖࡢᏐࡀ㓄ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢࠕ
ࠖࡣࡘࡲࡾࠕᡃࠖࡢ
Ⓨ㡢ࡀኚ
ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ͐͐ࠚࡑࡢ➨ࡣ≀ࡀⓎࡍࡿ㡢ࢆᶍೌࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠙ࡇࡤࡀཱྀࢆ⾪࠸࡚
ฟ࡚ࡃࡿࠊゝㄒ㡢ኌࡀ࡛ࡁࡿヂࡔࡀࠊᩥ᫂ⓗ࡛࡞࠸௦ࡢே㛫ࡣࡇࡢ✀ࡢ㡢 ኌࡣ
㐀࡛ ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ✀ࡢ㡢ኌࡀࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ฟ᮶ୖࡀࡿ࠸࠺ࠊ ඛࡎ
ࡣࡑࢀࡀ⾲ࡍࣔ
ࣀࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࣔࣀࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚ࡑࡢྡ⛠ࡀ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠚࡇࢀࡣ
㸱ࡘࡢሙ
ྜࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ୍ࡘࡣⓎ㡢ࡀᙧᇶ࡙ࡃࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ
≀ࡢᙧ
ࢆ㇟ࡿࡇ࡛Ꮠ㡢ࡀᐃࡲࡿሙྜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠼
ࡤࠊ͐͐㸦ࠗㄝᩥゎᏐ࡛࠘ࡣ㸧ࠕኳtiānࠖࢆࠕ㢭diān㸦⮳㧗↓
ୖ㸧ࠖࡢᏐࢆ
௨࡚ゎ㔘ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸦ࠕኳ
ࠊ㢭
ஓࠊ⮳㧗↓ୖࠊᚑ୍ࠋ 㸸ኳࡣ㢭
࡞ࡾࠋ⮳㧗ࡋ࡚ୖ࡞ࡿ
↓ࡋࠋ୍ᚑ࠺ 㸸ኳ࠸࠺Ꮠࡢពࡣ㢭
࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㧗 ࡉࡢᴟࡳ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡼࡾୖ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡣ↓࠸ࠋ୍ࢆᵓᡂ せ⣲ࡋ࡚ᡂࡗ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠖ➨୍⠍ୖ1
-2⾲㸧ࠊࠕ㢭diān *tiEn;**ten㸦K.*tien;**tien㸧ࠖࠕኳ
tiān*tHiEn;**tHen㸦K.*tHien;**tHien㸧ࠖࡣ᫇ࠊྠ㡢࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ኳ
యࡣୖ࠶ࡿࡽࠕ㢭 diānࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࡤ࡛ࡇࢀࢆࢇࡔࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚋࠕ㢭
diānࠖࡢᏐࡢⓎ㡢ࡀࠕኳ tiānࠖࡢࡼ࠺ኚࢃࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊᨵࡵ࡚ࠕኳ
tiānࠖ࠸࠺Ꮠࢆ㐀ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠙͐͐
ࠚࡘࡵࡣ
Ⓨ㡢ࡀពᇶ࡙ࡃሙྜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⥲ࡌ࡚≀ࡢྡ⛠ࡣ㸦
᪤࠶ࡿ㸧ྠ㢮ࡢ≀ࡢ
ྡ⛠‽ࡌ
࡚ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾྠࡌⓎ㡢࡛ࡑࡢពࢆ⾲ࡍࡽࠊⓎ
㡢ࡀྠࡌᏐࡣពࡶࡲࡓྠࡌ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ࠼ ࡤࠊ ࡍࡽࡃ ≀ࡣ㐍
ࡴ
ࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡿ✵㛫ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ㐍ࡴࡇ࡛ࡁࡣ⮬ࡽࢆࡍ
ࡾῶࡽࡍࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ពࢆᣢࡘࡇࡤࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࠊ㛛mén *mu´n;**mw´n㸦K.*mu´n;**mw´n㸧 ࠊ
ຮ
miăn *miuan;**miwan㸦K.*mi9A_n;**mi9An㸧 ࠊẖméi *mu´i;**mw´ƒ㸦K.*muA^`i;**mw´g㸧ࠊெwĕi *miu´i;**mjw´r㸦K.*mjwe9i;**mi9w´r㸧ࠊ
ἐ
mò,méi *mu´t;**mw´t㸦K.*mu´t;**mw´t㸧ࠊ᠗mào *m´u;**mew㸦K.*m´9u;**mug㸧ࠊ㑌mài *muai;**mrwar㸦K.*mwAi;**mwAd㸧ࠊຸxù *muok;**m´wk
㸦K.*?;**?㸧㸦xùࡣ㡢ࠋࡇࡇᣲࡆࡓୖ୰ྂ㡢ࡣᑐᛂࡋ࡞࠸㸧ࠊⳘmò
*muAk;**mwak㸦K.*mA^k;**mA^k㸧ࠊ*muak;**mrwak㸦K.*mÅk;**mA(k㸧ࠊmù
*muo;**mwaƒ㸦K.*muo;**mA^g㸧ࠊ༲măo *mau;**mr´w㸦K.*mAu;**mlo^`g㸧ࠊ 㘸mén *mu´n;**mw´n㸦K.*?;**?㸧࠸ࡗࡓ㸦┦㢮ఝᛶࢆᣢࡘ㸧
Ⓨ
㡢࡛࠶ࡿ㸦
⚾ࠊ ࿘ἲ㧗ࡢㄪ
ࡓࡇࢁ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢㄝࡣ㜲
ࡆ ࢇඖࡆ ࢇ Ruăn Yuánࠗᥠࡅ ࢇ⤒ᐊ୍㞟࠘,ࠕᕳ㸯
㔘㛛ࠖᇶ࡙ࡃࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࠋ࠙͐͐ࠚ୕ࡘࡵࡣᏐ㡢ࢆ௨࡚
≀ࡢ Ⓨࡍࡿ㡢ࢆゎ㔘ࡍࡿ ሙྜ࡛ࠊ࠙ ͐͐ࠚ࠼ࡤࠊ Ỉ
㡢ࡣ▼▼*sie9;**si9e(g 㡪ࡃࠋࡔࡽỈ࠸࠺Ꮠࡢ㡢*s@wi;**s@i9w´r ࡣ
Ỉࡢ ὶࢀࡿ㡢ࢆ
⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠙
͐͐ࠚ ∵࠸࠺Ꮠࡢ Ⓨ㡢ࡣ∵
ࡢ㬆ࡁኌఝ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠖ㸦 3⾲-5⾲㸹ࠗ
⏦ུ ඛ⏕㑇᭩࠘ୗ
pp.2121ୖ-2122ୖ㸧❶Ⅸ㯌Zhāng Bĭnglínࡣࠗᅜᨾㄽ
⾮࠘ୖࠕㄒゝ⦕㉳
ㄝ㸦ࡇࡤࡢ⏤᮶ࡘ࠸࡚㸧ࠖ
࡛
ḟࡢࡼ࠺ゝ࠺ࠋ
ࠕ࠺ࡋ࡚㞛què㸦
㸺juè㸧
*tsiAk;**tsjawk㸦K.*tsi9Ak;**tsi9ok㸧࠸࠺ࡢ㸽 ࡑࢀࡣࡑࡢ㬆ࡁኌࡀࠕ༶㊊jízú *tsiIk tsiuok;**tsji´k tsjewk㸦K.*tsi9´k tsi9wok;**tsi9´k tsi9uk㸧ࠖ㸦ࢳࣗࣥࢳࣗࢡ㸧
ࡔࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠺ࡋ࡚㞞
㸦㬏㸧
yă *Na; **Nraƒ 㸦K.*NA;**NA*㸧㸦yā */a;**/raƒ㸦K.*/A;**/A*㸧㸧࠸࠺ࡢ㸽ࡑࢀࡣࡑࡢ㬆 ࡁኌ
ࡀࠕவவyàyà */a;**/raƒ㸦K.*/A;**/A(g㸧ࠖ㸦࣮࣮㸧ࡔ
ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ[࠺ࡋ࡚ࡉࡉࡂ
㭌
què *tsHiAk;**tsHjak㸦K.*tsHi9Ak;**tsHi9Ak㸧࠸࠺ࡢ㸽ࡑࢀࡣࡑࡢ㬆ࡁኌ ࡀࠕ㘒㘒cuòcuò *tsHAk tsHAk;**tsHak tsHak㸦K.*tsHA^k tsHA^k;**tsHA^k tsHA^k㸧ࠖ㸦ࢠࣕࢠࣕ
㸧ࡔࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠺ࡋ࡚㞜yàn *Nan;**Nran㸦K. *NAn;**NAn㸧࠸࠺ࡢ㸽ࡑࢀࡣࡑࡢ㬆ࡁኌࡀࠕᓊᓊàn’àn *NAn NAn;**Nan Nan㸦K.*NA^n NA^n;
**NA^n NA^n㸧ࠖ㸦࢞ࣥ࢞ࣥ㸧ࡔࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠺ࡋ࡚沸洅ࡀ ࡕ ࡻ ࠺jiā’é *ka NA; **kra Na 㸦K.*kA NA^;**kA NA^㸧࠸࠺ࡢ㸽ࡑࢀࡣࡑࡢ㬆
ࡁ
ኌࡀࠕຍᡃjiā wŏ *ka NA;**kra Na 㸦K.*kA NA^˘烊**kA NA^㸧ࠖ㸦࢞࢞ 㸧 ࡔࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠺ࡋ࡚㭴㬯
ࡁ ࡌ ࡤ gŭ zhōu *ku´t ˇau;**kw´t tr´w㸦K.*ku´t Au;**kw´t to^`g㸧࠸࠺ࡢ㸽ࡑࢀࡣࡑࡢ㬆ࡁኌࡀࠕ☰
᱁
㖋㍔
zhégégōuzhōu *ˇak kak k´u ˇi´u;**trak krak kew ti´w㸦K.*Åk kÅk k´9u142
ts@i9´9u(i9´9u)㸹**tA(k klA(k ku tÈi9o^g (ti9o^g)㸧㸦ࢡ
࣮ࢡ ࣮㸧 ࡔ
ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖࡇࢀࡽࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࡑࡢⓎࡍࡿ㡢ࢆ௨࡚ࡑࡢᐇయࢆ⾲ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠺ࡋ࡚㤿mă
*mua;**mrwaƒ㸦K.*mA;**mA*㸧࠸࠺ࡢ㸽㤿ࡣࠕṊwŭ *miuo;**mjwaƒ
㸦K.*mi9u;**mi9wo㸧ࠖ㸦ຬࡲࡋࡉ㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ ὀ
㸸
ྂ௦ࡢⓎ㡢࡛ࡣࠕ㤿ࠖࠕ
Ṋࠖࡣඹ
㨶㒊ᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࠺ࡋ࡚∵ niú *Ni´u:**Njw´ƒ㸦K.*Ni9´9u;**Ni9u(g㸧࠸࠺ࡢ
㸽∵ࡣ㸦ே
㸧ࠕ㸦ࡘ㸧shì*dΩi;**dzi´ƒ㸦K.*dΩHi;**dΩHi9´g㸧ࠖ࠼㸦࡚㎰
⪔ ᚑࡍ
㸧ࡿࡶࡢࡔࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ ὀ㸸ྂ௦ࡢⓎ
㡢࡛ࡣࠕ∵ࠖࠕࠖࡣඹ
அ㒊ᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࠙࠺ࡋ࡚⨺yáN *iAN;**ƒriaN㸦K.*i9AN;**zi9AN㸧࠸࠺ࡢ㸽
⨺ࡣࠕ⚈
xiáN *ziAN;**ƒrjaN㸦K. *zi9AN; **dzi9AN㸧ࠖ㸦ࡵ࡛ࡓ࠸㸽
㸧ࡔࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠺ࡋ࡚≸gŏu *k´u;**kew㸦K.*k´9u;**ku㸧࠸࠺ࡢ㸽
ࢾࡣࠕ྇
kòu*kH´u;**kHew㸦K.*kH´9u;**kHu㸧ࠖ㸦㣫࠸
ࡇ ࡇ ࡍࡿ㸽
㸧ࡔ
ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠚ࠺ࡋ࡚ேrén *iIn;**njien㸦K. *¸i9e(n;**i9e(n㸧࠸࠺ࡢ
㸽ࡦࡣࠕோ
rén*iIn;**njien㸦K.*¸i9e(n;**i9e(n㸧ࠖ㸦ࡅ
῝࠸ᚰ㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
[࠺ࡋ࡚㨣guĭ *kiu´i;**kjw´r㸦K.*kjwe9i; **ki9w´r㸧࠸࠺ࡢ㸽࠶ࡢୡࠕᖐguī
*kiu´i;**kjw´r㸦K.*kjwe9i;**ki9w´r㸧ࠖࡍࡿࡶࡢࡔࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠺ࡋ࡚⚄shén
*¸iIn;**zdjien㸦K.*d¸Hi9e(n;**Hi9e(n㸧࠸࠺ࡢ㸽
⚄ࡣ ≀ࢆࠕᘬ
yĭn *iIn;**rien 㸦K.*i9e(n;**di9e(n㸧ࠖࡁฟࡍᏑᅾࡔࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠺ࡋ࡚♲qí *giI; **gjieƒ 㸦K.*gHjie9;**gHi9e(g㸧 㸦ᆅ
ࡢ⚄
㸧 ࠸ ࠺ ࡢ 㸽 ≀
ࢆ ࠙ ᥦ tí *diEi;**deƒ㸦K.*dHiei;**dHieg㸧ࠖࡾฟࡍᏑᅾࡔࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠚࡇࢀࡽࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࡑࡢ≉ᛶ
ࢆ
௨࡚
ᐇయࢆ⾲ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋせࡍࡿ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㡢ࡼࡗ࡚ ≀ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᛮ
࠺㫽niăo㸺
diăo *tiEu;**te´w㸦K.*tieu;**tio^g㸧ࡣࠕ⾗࠾ ࠾ zhòng *t˛iuN;**tj´wN㸦K.*t˛i9uN;**i9o^N㸧ࠖࡃ⩌ࢀ㞟ࡲࡿࡇࢁࡽࠊࡑࡢ≉ᛶᇶ࡙࠸࡚ྡࡅࡽࢀ
ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡘࡲࡾ࡚ࡀᴫࡡࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ᡂ❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ኳ
tiān*tHiEn;**tHen㸦K.*tHien;**tHien㸧ࢆ㢭diān *tiEn; **ten㸦K.*tien;**tien㸧ࠊ࠙ᆅdì
*ÍiI;**dia㸦K.*dHi;**dHiA㸧ࢆᗏdĭ *tiEi;**ter㸦K.*tiei;**ti´r㸧ࠊᒣshān *ßQn;
**srian㸦K.*ßA(n㸹**sA(n㸧ࢆᐉxuān *siuQn;**sjiwan㸦K.*si9wA_n;**si9wAn㸧ࠊỈ shuĭ*˛iuIi;**stHjiwer㸦K.*˛wi;**˛i9w´r㸧ࢆ‽ zhŭn *t˛iuIn;**tjiw´n㸦K.*t˛i9ue(n;
**i9w´n㸧ὀ
㸸
ࠕỈࠖࡣྂ௦࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣ⬡
㒊ࠊࠕ‽ࠖࡣㄭ㒊ᒓࡋࠊྠ㢮ᑐ㌿
ࡢ
㛵ಀ࠶ࡿࠊࠚⅆ
huŏ *xuA;**xw´r㸦K.*XuA^; **XwA^r㸧ࢆẋhuĭ *xiue;**xiw´r㸦K.*Xjwie9;**Xi9wA(r㸧ὀ