⌧௦㡢㸸shùjiāng nièniè,shùshì yŏuqiè
ୖྂ㡢㸸stHjaƒ kjaN Niat Niat, stHjaƒ dzi´ƒ ƒjw´ƒ kHiat K. ˛i9Ag dΩHi9´g gi9u(g kHi9At
カㄞ
㸸 Ἑ Ỉࡣὒὒࡋ࡚ ὶ
ࡿࡿࡇάάࡓࡾࠊ⨘
ࡇࢆࡍࡇ
ࡘ
ࡘ㫬
࡚ ࢇ㩩
ࢄⓐ
ࡣ ࡘⓐ
ࡣ ࡘ
ⵀ
ⴃ
ࡓ ࢇᥖࡅ ࡘᥖࡅ ࡘᗢ
ࡋ ࡻࡁࡻ࠺ጧ Ꮷ
ࡆ ࡘᏧ
ࡆ ࡘᗢኈ ᭴
ࡅ ࡘࡓࡾࠋཱྀㄒヂ
㸸
㯤ἙࡢỈࡣὒࠎ‶ࡕ࠶
ࡩࢀࠊάࠎ
ࡘ ࡘ㡢ࢆࡓ࡚࡞ࡀࡽྥࡗ࡚ὶࢀ
ࡿࠋ
ࡘ
ࡘ⥙ࢆᢞ
ࡆ㎸ࡵࡤࠊ
ࣆࢳࣆࢳࡣࡡࡿ 㫬
ࡩ ࡸ 㩩
ࡋ ࡧࠋᓊ
㎶ࡣⵀ࠶ ࡋࡸ ⴃ
࠾ ࡂࡀ㇏ࡋ
ࡆࡾࠊዪࡓࡕࡣ⏕ ຊ࠶ࡩ
ࢀࠊ⏨ࡓࡕࡣࡓࡃࡲࡋࡃࠋ㸧ࠖ㸦▼ᕝᛅஂヂࠗリ⤒ ୖ࠘, pp.160-162㸧 ඖࡢᏗ₎
ཀࡢࠕ㨱ྜ⨶ࠖ➨୍ ᢡ Ἔⴾⰱࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࠶ࡿ㸸
ࠕᜦ౽ఝ
⏬ฟ ℣•Ỉ
ቚᅗ㸪᾿ⓗᡃ‵ 㶍㶍
㸦lùlù㸧㸪᭦㑣ሓྜྷ
ђྂሁ
㸦jídiū gūduī㸧 Ἴᾉ ᇛῺࠋ ┳྾␃ᛛ๒㸦
xīliúhūlà㸧Ỉ㸪ὶஒ␃᭤ ᚊ㸦
qīliúqūlǜ㸧㊰㸪᭦
㏺ኻ␃๒㸦
shīliúshūlà㸧㢼㸪ᨍᕼ␃ᛴ㸦xīliújíliăo㸧ᶞࠋᛠ␜ஒ⣣ᛛ⃰㸦qĭniŭhūnóng㸧ⓗἾ㸪᭦ђ᧞ᦚ㸦pĭdiūpūdā㸧ⓗῒࠋᡃ⯅౽ᛴ❶ᣊㅖ
㸦jízhāngjūzhū㸧
៏⾜ ⓗ㉥
␃ฟᚊ
㸦chìliúchūlǜ㸧ཤ㸪ᡃ๎⣴⩈㊚ᒌ
㸦dī xiūdiéxiè㸧ᩚ㌟㌣ࠋ
カㄞ
㸸 ᜦ
ࣔ౽ࢳ℣•ࣀỈቚᅗ ࣤ⏬
ฟࢫࢽఝ ࢱࣜࠋ ᾿
ࣜࢸⓗᡃࣁ‵㶍㶍ࢱ
ࣜࠋ᭦ ࢽ 㑣ࢰ ሓ࣊ࣥྜྷ
ђྂሁࢱࣝ
ἼᾉࣁᇛῺࣤ ࣄࠋ
┳ࣚ
ࣀ྾␃ᛛ๒ࢱࣝỈ࢞ ஒ␃
᭤ ᚊࢱ
ࣝ㊰ࢽὶ
ࣝࣝࢺࠋ᭦ ࢽ㏺
ࣀኻ␃๒ࢱࣝ
㢼࢞ᕼ␃ᛴ ࢱࣝ
ᶞࣤᨍࣝࢺࣤࠋ ᛠࢰ
ࣀஒ⣣ᛛ⃰ⓗࣀἾࢺࠊ ᭦ࢽ
ࣀђ ᧞ᦚⓗ
ࣀῒࢺ ࢽ␜ࣛࣥࠋ ᡃ
ࣀ⯅ࢽ
ཱྀㄒヂ
㸳㸬㸳㸬ㄒ⩏ཬࡧࡑࡢṔྐⓗኚ㑄ࡘ࠸࡚
⌧௦㡢㸸
ୖྂ㡢㸸
⌧௦㡢㸸
ୖྂ㡢㸸
⌧௦㡢㸸
ୖྂ㡢㸸 カㄞ
ཱྀㄒヂ
カㄞ
146
౽
ࢳᛴ
❶ᣊㅖࢺࢩࢸ̿̿៏
⾜ࢩⓗࢸ㉥␃ฟᚊࢺཤࣝࠋᡃ๎ࢲ ⣴⩈㊚ᒌࢺࢩࢸ㌟
㌣ࣤᩚ ࣇࣝ ࣤ⣴࣒ࠋ
ཱྀㄒヂ
㸸 ᜦࡶ ℣•
ࡢቚ⧙ࢆ ⏬ࡁ
ࡋዴࡃ㝆
ࡾὀ࠸࡛⚾ࡣࡎࡪ‵ࢀࠋ
ࡣࡓࡲࡽࡠ
ࠊࡊࢇ
ࡪࡊࢇࡪἼࡣ࠾ᇛࡢᇼࢆὙࡦ
ࠊ࠶ࢀぢࡼࠊࡉࡽࡉࡽỈࡀࡦࡻࢁࡦࡻࢁ
ࡢ
㊰ ὶࢀ ࡊ࠶ ࡊ࠶㢼
ࡀࡺࡽࡺࡽᶞࢆᦂࡺ ࡍࡿࠋ࡚ࡶ࡞ࢃࡠࠊࡕ ࡸࡃࡕࡸ
ࡢἾ ࠾ࡲ
ࡅࠊ ࡧ
ࡕࡸࡧࡕࡸࡢ
ࡠࡿࡳῒ
ࡉ࠶୍ࡘࡁࡤࡘ࡚ࠊ⁛ከ
▮㫙̿̿ࡑࢁࡑࢁṌ
ࡅࡤࡍࡿࡾ
ࡿࠋࡧࡘࡃࡾࠊࡋ ࡸࡘࡃ
ࡾࠊࡋࡸࢇ❧ࡘࠋ㸧ࠖ㸦㟷ᮌṇࡲ ࡉඣࡿࠗඖே㞧࠘, pp.151-152㸧(32) ࡇࡇ⌧ࢀࡿ㡢ࠊ୕㡢ࠊ
ᅄ
㡢ࡢ⫃⥥ㄒࡀ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㇟ኌࡢാࡁࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ཎ ὀ12㸧ࡇࡣࠊྰᐃ࡛ࡁ
࡞࠸ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋΎ௦ࡢᏛ⪅ࡢࠕᏐ㡢࡛≀ࡢⓎࡍ
ࡿ㡢ࢆ⾲ࡍࠖ࠸࠺ㄝࡸࠊ❶Ặࡢࡇࢀࢆᩜ⾝ࡍࡿㄝࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⾜ࡁ㐣ࡂࠊᙉᘬ
ゝࢃ
ࡊࡿࢆᚓ
࡞࠸ࠋ⚾
ࡣ㇟ኌㄝ࡛ゝㄒࡢ㉳※ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ
ࣚ
࣮ࣟࢵࣃ࡛ࡶࡶ࠺௦㐜ࢀࡢᏛㄝ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊࡇࢀ௨ୖࡑࢀ࡛↓⌮ㄝ᫂ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿᚲ
せࡣ࡞ࢁ
࠺ᛮ࠺ࠋࡓࡔࡋ୍㒊ࡢ㇟ኌࡢാ
ࡁ
ࢆᣢࡘ༢ㄒࠊ≉⫃⥥ㄒࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢാࡁࢆ ㄆࡵࡊ
ࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ㸳㸬㸳㸬ㄒ⩏ཬࡧࡑࡢṔྐⓗኚ㑄ࡘ࠸࡚㸦ཎὀ13㸧
ࣈ࣮࣒ࣝࣇ
࣮ࣝࢻẶࡢㄝᚑࡗ࡚ࠊᡃࠎࡣゝㄒᙧᘧࡢពࢆヰࡋᡭ
ࡀヰࡍࡑ ࡢࡑࡢヰࡋࡀ⪺ࡁᡭࡧ㉳
ࡇࡍᛂ࡛࠶ࡿゎ㔘ࡍࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞
ᅗᘧ࡞ࡿ㸸
ヰࡋᡭࡢఏ࠼ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿЍヰࡋЍ⪺ࡁᡭࡢ
ᛂ
㸦ཎὀ14㸧୍⯡ⓗヰࡋ
ᡭࡢఏ
࠼ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡣ⪺ࡁᡭࡢᛂẚࡿࠊࡑࡢ⌧ࢀ᪉
ࡀ⡆༢࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊᡃࠎࡣ㏻ᖖヰࡋᡭࡢ
ఏ࠼ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿᇶ࡙࠸࡚ពࡘ࠸࡚㆟
ㄽࡋࠊゎ㔘ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ
ᡃࠎࡀⓎࡍࡿࢇ࡞ゝㄒᙧᘧࡢ⾲ࡍ
ࡶ༑ศࠊྲྀࡾ᭰࠼ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᐇ㝿ࠊࡘࡋ࡚ྠࡌࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ࠼
ࡤࠊ ᡃࠎࡣࠕࣜࣥࢦࠖ࠸ࡗࡓሙ
ྜࠊಶู
ࡢࣜࣥ
ࢦࡢࡁ
ࡉࠊᙧࠊ Ⰽ࡞ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᮏ㉁ⓗ࡛࡞࠸≉ᚩ
㸦non-distinctive feature㸧ࠊᡃ
ࠎࡀࠕࣜࣥࢦࠖ࠸࠺༢ㄒ࡛⾲ࡍඹ㏻ࡢ≉ᚩࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊᮏ㉁ⓗᡈ࠸ࡣゝㄒⓗព
㸦distinctive feature㸧ࠊࡘࡲࡾㄒ⩏ࡢ≉ᚩ㸦semantic feature㸧ࢆศࡅ࡚⪃࠼ ࡡࡤ
࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
ᡃࠎࡀ◊✲ࡍࡿࡢࡣᚋ⪅
ࡢ᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋゝㄒ
ᙧᘧࡣ㏻ᖖࡢ㸦normal㸧 ព࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ୰
ᚰⓗ࡞㸦central㸧ព࿘㎶ⓗ࡞㸦marginal㸧ព࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣẚ႘ⓗ࡞㸦metahoric㸧
ពࠊ㌿ ⛣ࡋࡓ㸦transferred㸧 ព㸦࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕὴ⏕⩏
ࠖ㏆࠸㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࠕἙཱྀhékŏuࠖ㸦Ἑཱྀ㸧ࠊ ࠕᒣ㢌
shāntóuࠖ㸦ᒣࡢ㡬㸧ࠊࠕ㔪║
zhēnyănࠖ㸦㔪ࡢ┠㸧ࠊࠕ᯾ே ≴⊇
mŏurén shì húliࠖ㸦ㄡࡑࢀࡣ≴ࡔ
㸧࠸ࡗࡓሙྜࡢࠕཱྀkŏuࠖࠊࠕ㢌tóuࠖࠊࠕ║yănࠖࠊࠕ≴⊇
húliࠖࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᚋ⪅ᒓࡍࡿࠋኚࡋࡓ ពࡣࠊ 㝈ᐃ
ࡉࢀࡓព㸦narrowed meaning㸧ࠊ࠼ࡤࠊࠕඵⅬ㚝ⓗ ㌴Ꮚ
⬺⌜
Bādiănzhōngde chēzi tuōbān leࠖ㸦ඵࡢ
㌴ࡣ ᐃ㐜
ࢀࡓ㸧࠸࠺ሙྜࡢࠕ㌴Ꮚchēziࠖࡣࠕⅆ㌴
huŏchēࠖ㸦ิ㌴㸧ࢆᣦ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀᣑࡉࢀࡓព㸦widened meaning㸧ࠊ࠼ࡤࠊࠕ㣤⳯fàncàiࠖ㸦ࡈ㣤ࡢ࠾ࡎ㸧࠸ࡗࡓሙྜࡢࠕ㣤fànࠖࡣ㔝⳯
㝈ࡽࡎࠊ⫗㢮ࢆࡶྵࢇ࡛࠸
ࡿࠋ ㄒ⩏ࡣࡢࡼ࠺ኚ㑄ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ඛ
㏙ࡓࡼ࠺ゝㄒᙧᘧࡣ୰ᚰⓗព࿘㎶ⓗពࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ࠶ࡽ
ࡺࡿ ࿘㎶ⓗព
ࡣ㸦ࢃࢀࡿࡑࡢሙࡑࡢሙ
࡛
ಶู ⓗࠊ ⊂⮬ࡢពࢆ ᣢࡘࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽ㸧 അ ↛ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡋヰࡋᡭ
ࡀ࠶ࡿゝ ㄒᙧᘧࡀࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞അ ↛ⓗ
࡞ព࡛⌧ࢀࡓࡢࡳࢆ⪥ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀ㢮
ࡋࡓ≧ἣୗ࡛ࡋࡇࡢゝㄒᙧᘧࢆ
ࢃ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢ ⩦័
ࡣᜍࡽࡃ
ࡢヰ ࡋᡭ ␗࡞ࡾࠊ ࿘㎶ ⓗ࡞ ពࡀ୰ᚰⓗ
࡞ពࡋ࡚ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࠊㄒ⩏ࡢ ኚ
ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࠕ㔠 jīnࠖࡣඖࠎ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞㔠ᒓࢆᣦࡍྡ⛠࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦ࠗㄝᩥ࠘➨14⠍ୖ1⾲
㸸ࠕ㔠ࠊⰍ㔠
ஓࠖ㸦㔠ࡣⰍࡢ㔠࡞ࡾ㸸㔠ࡣᵝࠎ࡞✀㢮ࡢ㔠ᒓࢆᣦࡍྡ⛠࡛࠶ࡿ㸧㸧ࠋࠕ㯤㔠huángjīnࠖ㸦gold㸧ࡶ୍ᐃ ࡢ
≧ἣୗ࡛ࠊ ᙜ↛㔠ࡤࢀࡿ㈨᱁ࢆ ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓヂ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡀᚋ㔠࡛ᑓࡽ
㯤㔠ࢆᣦࡍࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ gold ࡀࠕ㔠ࠖࡢ୰ᚰⓗព࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⌧ᅾࠕ㔠wŭjīnࠖ㸦㔠
ᒓ㸧࠸࠺༢ㄒ㸦࠼ࡤ
ࠊࠕ㔠ᗑwŭjīndiànࠖ㸦㔠≀ᒇ㸧㸧
࡞࠾ᮏ᮶ࡢពࡢ㊧ⓗ࡞⌧ࢀࢆぢࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ㄒ⩏ࡢኚ㑄ࡢ
ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ᵝ
ࠎ࡞◊✲⪅ࡢ㛫࡛‶㊊ࡢ⾜ࡃศ㢮ࡀ࡞࠸ࠋ
௨ୗ
ᑡࡋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ศ㢮ࡢ୰ࡽ㐺ᙜᣲ
ࡆ࡚ぢࡿࡇࡋࡼ࠺ࠊࣦࣥࢻ
ࣜ
࢚ࢫ
ẶࡢࠗゝㄒᏛ࠘ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࠶ࡿࠋࠕthe divers changes in meaning which words have undergone, are sometimes classed under three principal types; restriction, extension, displacement. Restriction takes place when the meaning passes from the general to the particular (e.g. pondre, sevrer, or traire); extension conversely, when it passes from the particular to the general (e.g.
148
arracher, gagner, or triompher); displacement, when the two meanings are equivalent or indifferent from the point of view of extent (e.g. chercher, choisir, mettre); and when we can pass from the one to the other (as, for example, when the word is extended from the container to the content, from the cause to the effect, from the sign to the thing signified, etc., or the reverse). Naturally extension and restriction are most commonly brought about by displacement; and the displacement of meanings takes various forms to which grammars give technical names (metaphor, synecdoche, metonomy, catachresis, etc.).
ㄒ⩏ࡀ✀ࠎ
ኚ ࡍࡿࡢ୕ࡘࡢᆺࡀ࠶ࡿࡋ࡚ࢄࡿࠊ ༶ࡕ ไ㝈
㸦restriction㸧࣭ᣑ ᙇ
㸦extension㸧࣭᭰㸦displacement㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋไ㝈
ࡢࡣ୍⯡⩏ࡽ≉Ṧ⩏⾜ࡁ
㸦ࡤ
pondre,server,traire㸧ࠊᣑᙇࡢࡁ
ࡣ㏫≉Ṧ⩏ࡽ୍⯡⩏⾜ࡁ
㸦
ࡤ
arracher, gagner,triompher㸧ࠊ᭰ࡢ ࡣእ ໟୖ
୧⩏ࡀྠ౯ⱝࡋࡃࡣ ↓ᕪ
࡛࠶ࡘ࡚㸦
ࡤ
chercher, choisir, mettre㸧㞄ࡾྜ୍࡛᪉ࡽ᪉⛣ࡿ㸦እᘏࡽෆໟ
ࠊཎᅉࡽ⤖ᯝࠊ➢∭ࡽ⿕
➢∭≀➼
࠺ࡘࡿࡑࡢ㏫ព⩏ኚ㑄ࡢ࠶
ࡿࡶࡢ㸧ࠋ
ㄽ᭰ࡽไ㝈
ཬࡧᣑᙇࡀ㉳ࡿࡇࡣ㠀ᖖከ࠸ࠊࡲࡓព⩏ࡢ᭰ࡢࡋࡓࡣ✀ࠎ࠶ࡘ࡚ࠊᩥ
ἲᏛ ⪅ࡣஅ ᑓ㛛ⓗྡ┠
ࢆࡋ࡚ࢄࡿ㸦métaphorࠕ㞃႘
ࠖࠊsynecdoqueࠕᥦ႘ࠖࠊmétonymieࠕ႘ࠖࠊcatachrèseࠕᙉ႘ࠖ ➼
㸧ࠋࠖ㸦ⱥ ヂᮏ p.200㸹⸨ᒸヂ
pp.307-308㸧(33)⦰ᑠᆺࡣ࠼ࡤࠕᐑgōngࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢㄒࡣ⛙₎௨๓࡛ࡣᐙࢆ⾲ࡍ୍⯡ⓗ࡞
ྡ⛠࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊᚋ࡞ࡗ࡚
ᖇ⋤ࡢఫᒃࡢ ព ኚࢃࡗࡓࠋ ᣑ ᆺࡢࡋ࡚ࡣ
ࠕỤjiāngࠖࠊࠕ
Ἑ
héࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢㄒࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀᮏ᮶ࠊ㛗
Ụࠊ㯤Ἑࢆᣦࡋࡓࡀࠊ࡛ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ᕝࢆពࡍࡿྡ⛠࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋ
㌿ ⛣ᆺࡣ࠼ࡤ
ࠊ ࠕ⪺wénࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢㄒࡣඖࠎࠕ⪺ࡃࠖ࠸࠺ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡔࡀࠊ⌧௦ࡢᐁ ヰ⣔᪉ゝࡸ࿋ㄒ࡛ࡣࠕႥ ࡄࠖ࠸࠺ព࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᗈす ࢳ࣡
ࣥ᪘⮬༊す༡ 㒊࡛ࡣࠕႥxiùࠖ㸦ໝ
࠸ࢆႥࡄ㸧ゝ࠺ࡁࡇࢁࢆࠊ㸦ࠕ⪺࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃ㸧ࠕ⫈tīngࠖ㸦ex. ༡ᑀ tHEN55 ࠗᗈす㏻ᚿ࣭₎ㄒ᪉ゝ
ᚿ࠘
,ᗈす ேẸฟ∧♫,. 1998.12, p.808 ኴ
⏣⿵㸧ゝ࠺ࠋ
ᐁ
ヰ࡛ࡣࠕ┳ぢkànjiànࠖ࠸࠺ゝ࠸᪉ࡢࠕ⫈ぢtīngjiànࠖ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ゝ࠸᪉ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ၈Ᏽ௦ࡢேࠎࡣࠕ⪺ㄝwénshuōࠖ㸦⪺ࡃࡇࢁ࡛ࡣ㸧ࢆ
ࡼ
ࡃ
ࠕぢㄝjiànshuōࠖ࠸࠺ゝ࠸᪉࡛⾲ࡋࡓࠋ࠼ࡤⓑᒃ᫆ࡢリࠕ⇩ᏊᴥYànzilóuࠖ➨୕㤳ࡣ
Jiànshuō báiyáng kān zuò zhù *kiEn ˛iuQt buak iAN kH´m tsAk Íiuo
ࠕぢㄝ
ⓑ ሓస ᰕ
カㄞ㸸ぢࡁ ࡃㄝ࡞ ࡽࡃ ⓑ
ࡣ ࡃࡸ ࠺ ࡣࡋࡽᰕ
స࡞ࡍ
ሓࡓࡓࡾࠊཱྀㄒヂ
㸸
⪺ࡅࡤࠊ
ࡣⓑᶞࡀࡶ࠺ᰕࡢࡁࡉᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠺ࡀࠊ㸧ࠖ㸦ࠗ
၈リ࠘➨
13, ᕳ438, p.4870㸹ᒸᮧ ⦾ヂࠗⓑẶᩥ㞟࠘㸦୕㸧
p.286㸧࠸ࡗࡓྃࡀ࠶ࡿ(34)ࠋ
ࡁࡣᣦࡋ
♧ࡉࢀࡿ≀ࡢ᪉ࡀ ኚࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠊ ྡ⛠ࡀࡑࢀࡶᣊࡽࡎ
ࢃ
ࢀ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ࡗࡓሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥẶࡣࡇࢀࢆࠕ௦᭰ࠖsubstitution
ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸧ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࠕ㌴chēࠖࡣ௨๓ࠕ∵㌴
niúchēࠖࠊࠕ㤿㌴
măchēࠖ࡞ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ࡛ࡣࠕỶ㌴qìchēࠖ㸦
⮬ື ㌴㸧ࠊࠕⅆ㌴
huŏchēࠖ㸦Ỷ㌴㸧ࢆᣦࡍ
ࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠗㄝᩥ࠘
⠍ୗ46⾲ࡣࠕᖯ㸪 ᖆ
ஓ㸦ᖯࡣ⤱ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࠋࠖ࠶ࡿࠋྂ௦࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⤱ࢆ
᫆ࡢ ፹య⏝࠸ࡓࠋࠕ⣬ ᖯ
zhĭbìࠖࠊࠕ㈌ᖯhuòbìࠖ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ྡ⛠ࡀ⌧ᅾ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ࡞࠾
⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠗㄝᩥ࠘ ⠍ୖ➨
35
㡫ࠕ㰓 㸪୕㊊୧⪥அᑌჾ
ஓ㸦㰓ࡣ୕㊊ࠊ୧⪥ࡋ࡚ࢆ
ࡢ࠺ࡿࡢ
ᑌჾ
࡞ࡾ㸸 㰓ࡣ㊊ࡀ୕ࡘ࡛ྲྀ
ࡗᡭࡀࡘ࠶ࡿࠊᵝࠎ࡞㣗 ᮦࢆ ㄪ⌮ࡍࡿᐆ
ࡋ࡚ᑛࡪ
ࡁჾࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࠋࠖ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⌧௦ࡢ㛼
᪉ゝ࡛ࡣ㊊ࡢ࡞࠸㘠ࡶࠕ㰓 dingࠖ㸦cf.ན㛛
tia‚51ࠗ₎ㄒ᪉㡢Ꮠ༂࠘ᪧ∧, p.253㸧ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡁࡣ୍㒊ࡀ┬␎ࡉࢀࡓࡶᣊࡽࡎࠊཎ⩏ࢆಖࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࡶ
࠶ࡿ㸦ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥẶࡣࡇࢀࢆ shortening ࡪ㸧ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊᡃࠎࡣࠕ᪩ᏳZăo ān 㸦࠾᪩࠺㸧ࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࢁࢆࠕ᪩Zăoࠖ┬␎ࡋ࡚ゝ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡣᗘࠊ
ⱥ
ㄒ࡛ goodmorning ࠸࠺ࡇࢁࢆ┬␎ࡋ࡚ morning ࠸࠺ࡢྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠕウ
ᑠ
tăoxiăo㸦ࢆ
ᅖ࠺㸧ࠖࡣࠕウᑠ⪁ ፠
tăo xiăolăopóࠖࢆ␎ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡔࡋࠊࠕ୍⎼ⱴྎ
yìpíng Máotáiࠖ࠸ࡗࡓሙྜࡢࠕⱴྎࠖࡣࠕⱴྎ㓇Máotáijiŭࠖࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ࡇ
ࢀࡣ⏘
ᆅࢆ ௨࡚ ≀ࡢྡ
ࢆ⾲ࡋࡓ࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࠋࡲࡓࡘࡢࡶࡢࡢ㢮ఝࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ୍᪉࡛᪉ࢆ㆜࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
࠼
ࡤࠊࠕゅjiăoࠖࡢඖࡢពࡣࠕ⋇ࡢ ゅࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࡔ
ࡀࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ὴ⏕ⓗ࡞ព
ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸸㸦㸯㸧㢠ゅéjiăo㸦ࡇࡵࡳ㸧㸦ࠗᚋ₎᭩࠘ࠕගṊ⣖ࠖࠕ㝯㸦or 㱟㸽㸧 ‽ ᪥ゅ
lóngzhŭnrìjiăoࠖ㸦㢠ࡢ୰ኸ㒊ࡀ᪥
ࡢᙧ㝯㉳ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ┦ࠋ㈗ ேࡢ┦㸧
࠸࠺⾲⌧ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸧
ࡸ ᷓゅ
yājiăo㸦࠶ࡆࡲࡁ㸽㸧
(35)ࡢࡼ࠺⋇ࡢゅఝ
ࡓேయࡢ 㒊㸹㸦㸰㸧ゅࢆ
㇟ࡗࡓჾࡢពࠋ࠼ࡤ
ࠊ㓇ࢆ┒ࡿჾࢆゅ
jiăoゝ࠸ࠊᴦჾࡶࡲࡓゅjiăo࠸࠺ゝ࠸᪉ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ࠕ⏬ゅhuàjiăoࠖ㸦ྂ௦ࠊ㌷୰࡛྿࠸ࡓ➉〇ࡲࡓ
カㄞ ཱྀㄒヂ
カㄞ
ཱྀㄒヂ
150
ࡣ㖡〇ࡢ➜ࡢ୍✀㸧㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࡑࡶࡑࡶ⋇ࡢゅ࡛సࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ ᚋ㔠
ᒓ࡛సࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ⱥ
ㄒࡢ horn ࠕゅࠖࡶࠕ㓇ࢆ┒ࡿ
ჾࠖࠕᴦჾࠖࡢពࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥẶࡣࡇࢀࢆ
㐺ᛂ
㸦adequation㸧ࡪࠊࢫ
ࢱ
࣮ࣥẶ᭩ p.381 ཧ↷㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠕⴥyèࠖࡣඖࠎࠊⲡᮌࡢ
ⴥ࠸࠺ࡇࡔࡀࠊ㌿ࡌ
࡚᭩≀ࡢ࣮࣌ࢪࢆᣦࡍࡼ࠺ࡶ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣⱥㄒࡢ leaf ྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ࢫࢱ
࣮ࣥẶࡣࡇࢀࢆ transfer ࡪࠋࢫࢱ࣮ࣥẶ᭩
p.347 ཧ↷㸧ࠋᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ᴫᛕࢆ⾲ࡍࡶࡢࡔࠊ࠼ࡤࠊࠕ⾖㝽xìnxìࠖࡣᮏ᮶ࠕ⨋㝽xiàxì㸦
ࡍࡁ㛫㸧ࠖ࠸࠺ព
ࡔࡀࠊ ㌿ ࡌ࡚ࠕௐ㝽
chóuxì㸦௰㸧ࠖ࠸࠺ពࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋࠕ㨣guĭ 㸦ஸ㟋
㸧ࠖࡣࠕ្Ⅼhuìdiăn㸦ࡕࡻࡗࡤࡾ㈼
࠸㸧ࠖ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ព㌿ࡌ࡚
⏝
࠸ࡽࢀࡓࡾࠊࠕ⢭㟋jīnglíng㸦ዿ㸧ࠖࡢࡇࢆゝ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕ⚄
shén 㸦⚄㸧ࠖࡣࠕ⚄
Ẽshénqì㸦ែᗘ㸧ࠖ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ព࡛ࡶ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࠋࠕⅲ
wūࠖ ࡣඖࡣ୍✀ࡢ㯮࠸㫽ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊࠕ㯮࠸ࠖ࠸࠺ព࡛ࡶ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࠊ㛼
༡ㄒࡸ
ᐈᐙㄒ࡛ࡣࠕ㯮࠸ࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࢆࠕⅲwūࠖ࠸࠺ࠋჾ≀ࡢྡ࡛ࡑࡢჾ≀ࢆ
⏝࠸ࡿேࢆ⾲ࡍሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥẶ᭩
p.32 Article of dress,tool,im-plement,etc.for person ཬࡧ p.367 ཧ↷㸧ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ ⲡࡢࡇࢆⱄ
ࡲࡄࡉchúࠊ⸄
ࡢࡇࢆࡓࡁࡂⷌ
ráo࠸࠺ࡀࠊ㤿ⲡࡸ ⸄ࢆ᥇
ࡿேࡶࡲࡓࠕⱄⷌchúráoࠖ࠸࠺㸦ࠗリ⤒࠘ࠕ㞞
⏕Ẹஅொ࣭ ᯈࠖࠕ
ュனⱄⷌ㸦カㄞ㸸ⱄࡍ ࠺ⷌ
ࡐ ࠺ュࡣ ࡿ ཱྀㄒヂ㸸⸄ྲྀ
ࡾ㸦ࡢࡼ࠺࡞
㈮ࡋ࠸⪅
㸧ពぢࢆồࡵࡿࠊ㸧ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ㸦▼ᕝᛅஂヂࠗリ⤒ ୗ࠘p.189-191㸧
ᖌᇵࠗྂ᭩⩏ ᣲ
⿵࠘ࠕᅄ⏝
ჾ≀அモྠჾ≀அ ྡ㸦ࡶ
ࡢࢆ
⏝ࡍࡿྡ⛠ࡀࡶࡢྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࠖ
p.167 ཧ↷㸧ࠋࠕ ර
bīngࠖࡣඖࠕරჾbīngqìࠖࡢព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ⛙₎
௨㝆ࡣරჾ
ࢆᣢࡘ⪅ࡶࡲࡓࠕරࠖ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓ㸹ࠕಙxìnࠖࡣඖࠕ➢ಙfúxìn㸦ࡾ➢㸧ࠖ࠸࠺ពࡔࡗࡓࡀࠊභᮅ
࡞ࡗ࡚ࠕேshĭrénࠖ㸦ᡭ⣬ࢆᒆࡅࡿே㸧ࡢព࡛
⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࠊࡶ
࡞࠾ࠕ᭩ಙshūxìnࠖ࠸࠺ព࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㢳⅖
Ṋࠗ᪥
▱㘓࠘ᕳ32ࠕಙࠖࡢ
᮲ ࠗ㞟㔘࠘, pp.1431-1432 ཧ ↷㸧ࠋ㸦ⱥ
ㄒࡢ post ࡣᮏ᮶ࠕ㒑༞㸦㣕⬮
㸧ࠖࠕ
㥐㌴
㸦ࡣࡸ࠺ࡲ㸧ࠖ࠸࠺ពࡔࡗࡓࡀࠊ㌿ ࡌ࡚ࠕ㒑౽≀ࠖࢆᣦ ࡍࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ
ࡓࠋࢫࢱ࣮ࣥẶ᭩
p.363 ཧ↷㸧ࠕ
ᕸ⾰bùyīࠖࡣᮏ᮶ᗢ
Ẹࡢ᭹࠸࠺ព࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓࡀࠊᕸ⾰ࢆ╔ࡿ ேࡶࡲࡓࠕᕸ
⾰bùyī㸦ᗢẸ㸧ࠖゝ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ ≀ࡢ
ᮦ
㉁࡛ࡑࡢ≀ࢆ♧ࡍሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤ
ࠊࠗᏗᏊ࠘ᕳ➨
ඵࠕ㞳፝❶ྃୗ
ࠖChōu shĭ kòu lún qù qí jīn
ࠕᢳ▮㍯ཤ㔠
カㄞ㸸▮ࢆᢳ
ࡠࡁ ㍯
ࡃࡿࡲࡢࢃ྇
ࡓ ࡓࡁ࡚ࠊࡢ㔠
ࡸࡌࡾ㸦㙨㸧ࢆཤࡾࠊ
ཱྀㄒヂ 㸸▮ࢆᢳ
ࡠࡁ㌴㍯
ࡃࡿࡲࡢࢃ྇
ࡓ ࡓࡁࡘࡅ࡚㙨
ࡸࡌࡾࢆࡣࡎࡋࠊࠖ㸦ᑠᯘヂࠗᏗᏊ࠘ୗ
, pp.90-92
㸧
࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢྃࡢࠕ㔠
jīnࠖࡣࠕ▮㙨
shĭzúࠖ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࠗ୰ᗤ࠘➨
⠇ࡢ
rèn jīngé
࠙
,sĭ ér bú yàn,bĕifāngzhī qiáng yĕࠚ ࠕ㔠㠉࠙ࠊṚ⪋མࠊ᪉அᙉஓࠋࠚ
カㄞ㸸㔠
ࡁ ࢇ㠉
ࡃࢆ
ࢇࡋ࠙ࠊṚ
ࡋࡍࡿࡶམ
࠸ ࢃࡊࡿࡣࠊ᪉
ࡘ ࡥ ࠺ࡢᙉ
ࡁࡸ࠺࡞ࡾࠋࠚ
ཱྀㄒヂ 㸸ᡓ㜚ࢆ⮬ศࡢ௵ົࡋ࠙ࠊ୍㌟ࡢṚࢆࡶ㎡ࡉ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊ᪉ࡢ ᙉ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠚ㸧ࠖ㸦㉥ሯᛅヂࠗ୰ᗤ࠘
, pp.215-217㸧
ࡢࠕ㔠㠉
jīngéࠖࡣࠕරჾ
bīngqìࠖࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᶞ㐩ࠗྂ᭩⩏ᣲ⥆⿵࠘ᕳ
1ࠕ୍ ௨〇≀அ㉁⾲≀㸦ࡶࡢࢆసࡿᮦᩱ࡛ࡶࡢࢆゝ࠸⾲ࡍ㸧ࠖ
p.185ཧ↷㸪
ࡲࡓࢫࢱ࣮ࣥẶ᭩
p.327 material for objectཧ↷㸧ࠋ
ࡲࡓჾᐁࡢྡ࡛ࡑࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ⾲ࡍሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࠕ㢌⬻
tóunăoࠖ࠸࠺ㄒ ࡣ㌿ࡌ࡚ࠕ᯾ே㢌⬻⡆༢mŏurén tóunăo jiăndān㸦ㄡࡑࢀࡣ㢌ࡀ༢⣧ࡔ㸧ࠖࡢࡼ࠺
ࠕᛮ
sī xiăng㸦⪃࠼㸧ࠖࢆࡶពࡍࡿࡋࠊࠕఃᏊsăng-ziࠖࡣᮏ᮶ࠕࡢࠖ࠸࠺ពࡔࡀࠊ㌿ࡌ࡚ࠕኌ
shēngࠖ㸦ࠕ᯾ேఃᏊዲ
mŏurén săngzi hăo㸦ㄡࡑࢀࡣኌࡀ Ⰻ࠸㸧ࠖࡢពࡶᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㸦ࢫࢱ࣮ࣥẶ᭩
p.365 Organ for capability of perception or intelectionཧ↷ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ㄽࡌࡓࢣ࣮ࢫࢆࢫࢱ࣮ࣥẶࡣ
permutationཬ ࡧ
nominationࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸧
ぶ᪘ྡ⛠ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᵝࠎ࡞㌿⛣ࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࠕጅ
bĭ㸦ஸẕ㸧ࠖࡣẂ
࿘௦ࡢ⏥㦵ᩥࠊ㔠ᩥ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠕ♽ẕࠖ࠸࠺ព࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ࠕ♽ጅ
zŭbĭࠖ࠸
࠺ࡩ࠺ࠕ♽zŭ୍ࠖ⥴⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡀᚋࠕẕࠖ࠸࠺ព࡛⏝࠸ࡽ
ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓ㸦ࠕ⪃ጅkăobĭ㸦ஸ∗ஸẕ㸧ࠖ࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ࠕ⪃kăo㸦ஸ∗㸧ࠖ
୍⥴⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ㸧ࠋࠕጠ
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ādiēࠖࡣύỤ┬ࡢ⯆࡛ࡣ∗ぶࡢពࡔࡀࠊỤ⸽┬ࡢ⸽ᕞ
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