ɉȺɊȺɆȿɌɊɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɉɊɈɑɇɈɋɌɂ ɐȿɆȿɇɌɈȽɊɍɇɌȺ
PARAMETRIC MODEL OF THE DURABILITY OF THE
ɤɚɠ-ɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ.
ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ [1] ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɨ-ɜɚ,ɬ.ɟ.ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɪ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ,ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɢɥɵ ɫɰɟ-ɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɦɢ.
ɉɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ R ɬɜɺɪɞɵɯ ɬɟɥ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ-ɫɬɶɸ ɜɢɞɚ [1]
R = g (ɉ-n) , (1)
ɝɞɟɉ - ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ,ɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ n ɦɨɠɟɬ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ 3 ɞɨ 6.
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ (1) ɞɚɺɬ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ R ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
R = R0d- 1/ m , (2)
ɝɞɟR0 -ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɨɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɢɡ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ ɦɟɥɶɱɟ 1 ɦɦ; d - ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɚɝɪɟɝɚ-ɬɨɜ,ɦɦ; 1/m - ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ,ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɨɝɪɭɧɬɚ.
ɂɡ (2) ɜɢɞɧɨ,ɱɬɨ ɱɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ1/m, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɨɝɪɭɧɬɚ,ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɜɢ-ɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ,ɚ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ - ɨɬ ɟɝɨ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ.ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɡɚɜɢɫɢ-ɦɨɫɬɶ (2) ɧɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɷɬɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ.
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɨɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɫ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ-ɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɟɝɨ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ [3] ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɟɧɟɟ 1 ɦɦ.ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ,ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɤ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɦɭ ɫɥɢɩɚ-ɧɢɸ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɜɹɠɭɳɢɯ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɵ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɫɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɦɨɧɨɥɢɬ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ ɲɚɪɨɜɢɞɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ.
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɟ ɫɤɥɟɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ h ɧɚɯɨ-ɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
S=Sh(d-h) , (3)
ɝɞɟd - ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɵ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɲɚɪɵ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ d, ɬɨ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ (ɫɦ2/ɝ )
Sɭɞ=NSd2 (4)
ɝɞɟN - ɱɢɫɥɨ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ ɜ 1 ɝ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ,ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ
N = 6/Sd3Uɝɪ, (5)
ɡɞɟɫɶUɝɪ - ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ.ɂɡ (4) ɢ (5) ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ
d=6/SɭɞUɝɪ (6)
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɜɟɫɬɢ (6) ɜ (5), ɬɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ
N=S3ɭɞU2ɝɪ/36S (7)
ɉɪɢɦɟɦ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɭ ɫɥɨɹ,ɫɤɥɟɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɺɪɧɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ,ɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɟ ɫɥɨɹ ɜɹɠɭ-ɳɟɝɨ,ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ.Ɍɨɝɞɚ
h = ɚ/100UɜSɝɪ, (8)
ɝɞɟUɜ - ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɝɨ,ɝ/ɫɦ3;ɚ -ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɢɡ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɢ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɝɨ.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɝɟɤɫɚɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ,ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɫɨ-ɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚɦɢ.
Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɜɫɟɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ ɜ 1 ɝ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ:
S=6NSh(d-h), (9)
S =U2ɝɪSɭɞ·a/600 Uɜ(6/Uɝɪ -a/100 Uɜ) (10) ɉɪɢɪɝɪ=1,8ɝ/ɫɦ3,ɚɪɜ=3,1 ɝ/ɫɦ3 ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ
S=0,00174Sɭɞ-a(3,3-0,0032Sɭɞ), (11)
ɢɥɢ S=b1Sɭɞ-a(b2-b3Sɭɞ), (12) ɝɞɟb1, b2ɢb3 - ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ,ɩɪɢɜɟɞɺɧɧɵɟ ɜ (11).
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭb2ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜ 1000 ɪɚɡ ɛɨɥɶɲɟb1,ɬɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɤɥɟɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɚɤ-ɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ:
S= BSɭɞ·ɚ. (13)
ɋ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ ɫɤɥɟɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɵ ɫɥɨɹ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɝɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɺɧɧɵɯ ɷɬɢɦ ɜɹɠɭɳɢɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ.Ɍɨɝɞɚ,ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟSɭɞǜaɧɚ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚR , ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ
LR =Sɭɞǜa/R (14)
ɝɞɟLR - ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ,ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ,ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ,ɨɬ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ Sɭɞ,ɚ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ - ɨɬ ɪɹɞɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜɌɮ.. Ɍɨɝɞɚ
LR =f(Tɮ) (15)
ɡɞɟɫɶɌɮ = f(Ʉɩ,Ɋ, tycɢ ɞɪ.), (16) ɝɞɟ Ʉɩ,Ɋ , tyc - ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ,ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ.
ɎɚɤɬɨɪɄn,ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ,ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ,ɚ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ - ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ.ɋ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ (15) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
LR=CRSɭɞ +M (17)
ɉɪɢɪɚɜɧɹɜ (15) ɢ (17), ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ
R=Sɭɞa/(CRSɭɞ+M) , (18) ɝɞɟ CR – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ;Ɇ - ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ,ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɚɝɪɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨ-ɫɬɢ ɫɤɥɟɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɫɥɨɣɤɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɦɟɡɨ-ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɭɩ-ɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɫɢ.
ɂɡ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ (18) ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ,ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚ-ɥɚ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹSɭɞ.ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵCRɢ Ɇɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɭɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɬSɭɞ . ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ,ɪɨɫɬ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚ-ɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ,ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ,ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɫɬɢ,ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɢɞɺɬ ɧɚ ɭɛɵɥɶ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ:ɚ)ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɜɟ-ɞɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɝɨ;ɛ)ɜɨɡɪɨɫɲɟɣ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɨɛɴɺɦɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ.
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ,ɱɬɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ (18) ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɨɫɬɢ ɮɭɧɤ-ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣCR~ SɭɞɢɆ ~ Sɭɞ,ɜɫɺ ɠɟ,ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɢ,ɫɞɟɥɚɟɦ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟ-ɪɢɚɥɚ ɦɚɪɤɢ 60.
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɨɜ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ (18) ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨSɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
S = M/(a/R-CR). (19)
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [2]
F=2,67/d2, (20)
ɝɞɟF ~ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ,ɫɦ-2;d - ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ,ɫɦ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ,ɱɬɨ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɵ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɲɚɪɨɜɢɞɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ,ɬɨ ɚɝ-ɪɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɤɥɟɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɫɥɨɣɤɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɚɜɧɚ
M=6/d2 . (21)
ȼɵɪɚɡɢɜ ɢɡ (27) dɢ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɢɜ (27) ɜ (28), ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ
36F
/2,67M (22)
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɜ ɢɡ [2] ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ (ɞɥɹ ɥɟɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ)F=120000 ɫɦ–2 , ɩɨɥɭ-ɱɢɦM=1270 ɫɦ-1 .
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɨɜ ɩɨ (19) ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɩɪɢɦɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸ-ɳɢɟ:ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɫɠɚɬɢɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ - 6,0 Ɇɉɚ;ɦɚɪɤɚ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ – 40,0 Ɇɉɚ; ɤɨɥɢɱɟ-ɫɬɜɨ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ - 10% (ɢɡ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ);ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɱɧɨ-ɫɬɢ - 33 %.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜ (19) ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ S= 1270 / [(40 0,10)/6,0 - 0,33] = 3772,27ɫɦ-1 . ɉɪɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ,ɪɚɜɧɨɦ 1,85 ɝ / ɫɦ3 , S = 2039,069ɫɦ2 / ɝ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɦɚɪɤɢ 60 ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ,ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫ-ɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 2000 ɫɦ2/ɝ,ɱɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɜ ɦɟɥɶɧɢɰɚɯ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ,ɫ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɤɨɥɨɫɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɺɦɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɸ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧ-ɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɚɥɨɝɚɛɚɪɢɬɧɵɟ, ɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɵ, ɤɚɤɢɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɟɡɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɬɨɪɵ [4].
ɂɡɦɟɥɶɱɺɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɞɟɡɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɬɨɪɟ ɝɪɭɧɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɬɨ,ɱɬɨ ɡɚɤɨ-ɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɩɭɫ-ɤɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟɡɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɬɨɪ ɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɡɚɬɪɚɬ Uɭɞ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɹɪɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɝɞɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ – 10 Ɇɉɚ.
Ƚɪɭɧɬɵ, ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɥɢɤɚɬɚɦɢ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɤ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɞɨɡ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢ-ɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɥɸɦɨɫɢɥɢɤɚɬɨɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɜɨɞɨ-ɧɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟ-ɧɢɣ,ɱɬɨ,ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɢɬɨɝɟ,ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ [6].
ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɸɳɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ.ɗɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ,ɱɬɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟ-ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɵ.ɋɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɨɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ʉɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ, ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɞɟɡɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɬɨɪɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ 19,8 ɤȼɬ·ɱ/ɬ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ 10...12 % ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɞɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɬɟ-ɪɢɚɥɚ,ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 24 % ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ.
ȼɫɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ,ɱɬɨ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤ-ɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɨɢɫɤɚɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɜɧɟɲ-ɧɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɨɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ.
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɜ ɞɟɡɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɬɨɪɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ,ɱɬɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɨɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɫ 10 % ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ,ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɯ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɹ 19,8 ɤȼɬ ɱ/ɬ,ɱɬɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ,ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ 24% ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. ɋɵɱɺɜ Ɇ.Ɇ.ɋɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ // ɐɟɦɟɧɬ.- 1987.-ʋ 6. - ɋ. 21-23.
2. ɀɭɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɋ.ɋ.ɉɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɬɟɣɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ. – Ɇ.:Ɇɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ , 2005. –288 ɫ.
3. Ɉɫɢɩɨɜ ȼ.ɂ.,ɋɨɤɨɥɨɜ, ȼ.ɇ.,Ɋɭɦɹɧɰɟɜɚ ɇ.Ⱥ. Ɇɢɤɪɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ /ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ.Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɤɚ ȿ.Ɇ.ɋɟɪɝɟɟɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ɇɟɞɪɚ, 1989. 211 ɫ.: ɢɥ.
4. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɢ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɋɋɋɊ / ȼ.ȼ.
Ȼɨɥɞɵɪɟɜ // Ɇɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɜ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ. – ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ: ɇɚɭɤɚ.ɋɢɛ.
ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ, 1991.
5. ɋɨɥɨɦɚɬɨɜ ȼ.ɂ., Ɍɚɯɢɪɨɜ Ɇ.Ʉ., Ɍɚɯɟɪ ɒɚɯ Ɇɞ. ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ:
ɋɨɜɦ.ɢɡɞ.ɋɋɋɊ – Ȼɚɧɝɥɚɞɟɲ. – Ɇ.:ɋɬɪɨɣɢɡɞɚɬ, 1989.
6. Ȼɨɥɞɵɪɟɜ ȼ.ȼ. Ɉ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɯ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟ-ɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟ-ɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ. – Ʉɢɧɟɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡ, 1992, ɬ. 13, ɜɵɩ. 6. – ɋ. 1411-1421.
The literature
1. Sychev M.M. Sposoby of increase of activity of cement// ɋement. - 1987. ʋ 6. - Ɋ. 21-23.
2. Zhukovsky S.S. Durability of a casting mold. – Ɇ: Mechanical engineering, 2005.–288 Ɋ.
3. Osipov V. I, Sokolov, Century ɇ, Rumjantseva N.A. Ɇicrostructure of clay breeds / under the editorship of Academician E.M.Sergeeva. – Ɇ: Bowels, 1989. 211 Ɋ.
4. Development of researches in area mehanohimic inorganic substances in the USSR / V.V.Boldyrev//Mehanohimichesky synthesis in inorganic chemistry. – Novosibirsk: the Science. Sib.
Branch, 1991.
5. Solomatov V. I, Tahirov M. K, Taher Shah Md. Intensive technology of concrete: The USSR – Bangladesh. – Ɇ: Stroyizdat, 1989.
6. Boldyirev V.V. About the kinetic factors defining specificity mehanohimichesky of processes in inorganic systems. – Kinetika and a catalysis, 1998, ɬ. 13, ɜɵɩ. 6. – p. 1411-1421.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ:ɥɟɫɫɨɜɵɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɵ,ɰɟɦɟɧɬɨɝɪɭɧɬ,ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ,ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɫɬɶ, ɞɟɡɢɧɬɟɝɪɚ-ɬɨɪ,ɦɟɯɚɧɨɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɦɟɫɢ,ɦɚɪɤɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
Keywords: loessial soil, cement-soil,durability, dispersion, dezintegrator, mechanical ɚɫtivation, activity of a mix, material mark
E-mail aɜɬɨɪɚ: [email protected] Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬ: ɉɚɩɚɤɢɧ ɂɝɨɪɶ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɢɱ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ
«ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ»ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨ-ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ
ɈɇɂɆɕ ɄȺɄ ɗɅȿɆȿɇɌ ȾɂɋɄɍɊɋȺ ɋɌɊɈɂɌȿɅɖɋɌȼȺ ɂ ȺɊɏɂɌȿɄɌɍɊɕ
ONIMS AS ELEMENTS
DISCOURSE OF BUILDING INDUSTRY AND ARCITECTURE ȿ.ȼ. Ʉɚɡɚɤɨɜɚ, Ɉ.ȼ. Ɏɪɨɥɨɜɚ
E.V. Kazakova, O.V. Frolova
ȽɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɆȽɋɍ
Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ – ɨɧɢɦɵ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚ.ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɩɢ -ɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ɨɧɢɦɨɜ (ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɧɢɦɨɜ)ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚ,ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ,ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ.
The authors describe one of the varieties of lexical units such as onims. They consider them as one of the elements which organize discourse of building industry and architecture. The group of the onims (anthroponomy) is determined and classified. It is considered some specifications in their defini-tion.
ȼ ɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ,ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨ-ɝɢɢ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚ, ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɩɟɰɢ-ɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɚɪɬɟɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ, ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɢɧɠɟ-ɧɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɟɣ,ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɨɧɢɦɵ,ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ:ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɧɢɦɵ (ɷɩɨɧɢɦɵ).
ɍɱɟɧɵɟ ɏɏ ɜɟɤɚ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɢ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɦɢɪɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ,ɤɚɤ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ,ɬɚɤ ɢ ɢɧ-ɞɢɜɢɞɚ,ɱɥɟɧɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ,ɢɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ.ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɹɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ ɤɚɤ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ,ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭ,ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɚɪɢ-ɚɧɬɵ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɦɢɪɚ – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɋɪɟɞɢ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɦɢɪɚ, ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɚ. ɉɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ Ʌɗɋ, «ɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɤɚ – ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɦɟɧɚ». Ɍɟɪɦɢɧɨɦ «ɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɤɚ» ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩ-ɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɦɟɧ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɦ «ɨɧɢɦɢɹ». Ɉɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɹɞ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɧɨɫɹɳɢɯ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɦɟɧɚ:ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɧɢɦɢɤɚ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɬ ɢɦɟɧɚ ɥɸɞɟɣ,ɬɨɩɨɧɢɦɢɤɚ - ɧɚ-ɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.ȼ ɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɤɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɦɟ-ɧɚ: ɪɟɚɥɢɨɧɢɦɵ (ɢɦɟɧɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɜɲɢɯ ɢɥɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ) ɢ ɦɢɮɨɧɢɦɵ (ɢɦɟɧɚ ɜɵɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ)» [2].
ȼ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɞɟɧɨɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ,ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ʌɗɋ,ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɧɢɦɵ ɢ ɬɨɩɨɧɢɦɵ,ɪɟɚɥɢɨɧɢɦɵ ɢ ɦɢɮɨ-ɧɢɦɵ.ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɦɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɥɢɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɵ,ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ, ɧɟ ɜɨɲɟɞɲɢɣ ɜ Ʌɗɋ, ɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ,ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ «Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɦ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟ»ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɢɤɚ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɚ Ɇɟɧɹ: «ɗɉɈɇɂɆɕ (ɨɬ ɝɪɟɱ.,ɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɧɚɡɜɚ-ɧɢɟ)ɬɟɪɦɢɧ,ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɢɣ:ɚ)ɰɚɪɟɣ ɢ ɞɪ.ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ,ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɟɥɨɫɶ ɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɧɨɫɬɢ,ɛ)ɪɨɞɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɥɟɦɟɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ, ɨɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɢɯ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ» [4]. ȼ ɪɹɞɟ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɤɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ-ɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ «ɷɩɨɧɢɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ»ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ:ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ,ɧɚɪɨɞɭ ɢɥɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɭ ɩɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɞɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɂɦɟɧɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɭɝɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ,ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ.Ɉɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡ-ɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɩɚ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɵ,ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɹ.
"ɉɨɥɟ" ɜ ɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɤɟ - "ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ,ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ ɨɧɢɦɵ ɨɩ-ɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ" [10]. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɨɛɨɡɪɢɦɨ.
ȼ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɢɦɟɧ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɪɭɞɚɯ Ⱥ.ȼ.ɋɭɩɟɪɚɧɫɤɨɣ,ȼ.ɇ.Ɍɨɩɨɪɨɜɚ,ȼ.Ⱦ.Ȼɨɧɞɚɥɟɬɨɜɚ,ɇ.ɂ. Ɍɨɥ-ɫɬɨɝɨ,ɇ.ȼ.ɉɨɞɨɥɶɫɤɨɣ,ɇ.ȼ.ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɨɣ ɢ ɞɪ..ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬ,ɱɬɨ ɫɟɦɢɨ-ɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɜ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɦɟɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɤɪɭɝɨɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɯ ɹɜɥɟ-ɧɢɣ,ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɯ ɥɢɲɶ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɜ ɢ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰɚɦ ɧɟɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɦ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɛɥɢɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɦɢ,ɚ ɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɭɤɚ – ɫ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ (ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ).ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ,ɤɚɤ ɢ ɨɧɨɦɚ-ɫɬɢɤɚ,ɛɭɞɭɱɢ "ɱɚɫɬɶɸ" ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ "ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ"ɜ ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧ-ɧɵɟ ɟɣ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɦɤɢ. Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɤɚ, ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ.Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɨɧɢɦɵ, ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɭɡɤɢɦ ɤɪɭɝɨɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɨɜ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɬɟɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ,ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɷɬɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ-ɫɹ.Ɍɟɪɦɢɧɵ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ,ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɨɧɹɬɟɧ [8]. Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɱɥɟɧ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ,ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚ-ɱɟɧ,ɤɚɤ ɢ ɢɦɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɞɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ,ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɨɬɨ-ɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-ɧɨɦɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɢɧ-ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ.
Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ,ɱɬɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟ-ɧɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ. Ʌɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɚɹ ɧɚɭɤɚ ɨ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ.
ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɧ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɢɦɟɧ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɟɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ,ɤ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɢɦɟɧɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ.ȼ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɷɬɨ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ. ȼɵ-ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɢɡ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɤɪɭɝɚ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩ-ɪɚɜɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɦɟɧ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɟ,ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ Ⱥ.ȼ.ɋɭɩɟɪɚɧɫɤɚɹ. [10].
ɋɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɦɟɧɚ - ɱɚɫɬɶ ɹɡɵɤɚ,ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɚɪɚɞɨɤɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚ-ɰɢɢ,ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɵɯ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧ-ɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɟɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɣ.ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ,ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɢɦɟɧɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɭɸ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɤɚɬɟ-ɝɨɪɢɸ,ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɯ:ɜ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɢ ɪɟɱɢ,ɜ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ.Ɉɧɢɦ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɚɥɥɸɡɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ («ɚɥ-ɥɸɡɢɹ – ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɢɟɦ,ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɦɟɤɚ ɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɳɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣ,ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ,ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬ») [6]. ȼ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ-ɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɟɨɪɢɟɣ ɩɪɟɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ (ȼ.ȼ.Ʉɪɚɫɧɵɯ, Ƚ.Ⱦ. Ƚɭɞɤɨɜ, ɂ.ȼ. Ɂɚɯɚɪɟɧɤɨ, Ƚ.Ƚ.
ɋɥɵɲɤɢɧ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɚɥɥɸɡɢɜɧɨɟ ɢɦɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɦ.ɉɨɞ
«ɩɪɟɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɵɦ» ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ, ɤɚɤ ɲɢɪɨɤɚɹ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɥɢɧɝɜɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟ-ɫɬɜɚ,ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɪɟɱɢ ɩɪɟɞ-ɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɥɢɧɝɜɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ» [1]. ȼ ɚɪɯɢ-ɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɥɚɫɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɧɢɦɨɜ:
«ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɩɚɪɤ,ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɩɚɪɬɟɪ,ɮɟɪɦɚ ɍɨɪɪɟɧɚ,ɮɥɨɪɟɧɬɢɣɫɤɚɹ ɚɪɤɚ, ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡ-ɫɤɢɣ ɛɚɥɤɨɧ»ɢ ɨɧɢɦɨɜ,ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɝɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹ: «Ⱥɧɞɪɟɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɟɫɬ, ȼɚɫɶɤɚ-ɪɚɡɭɜɚɣɤɚ, ɝɠɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɤɢɪɩɢɱ, ɠɨɫɬɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɶ».Ɉɧɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵ ɢ ɬɟɦ,ɱɬɨ,ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɩɪɟɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɵɦɢ,ɚɥɥɸɡɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ-ɦɢ,ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɪɹɞ,ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ – ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜ ɏɏ ɜɟɤɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɦɚɫɫ-ɦɟɞɢɚ, ɤɚɤ ɪɚɞɢɨ, ɤɢɧɨ, ɬɟɥɟɜɢɞɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɨɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɟ-ɱɚɬɧɵɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɸ ɦɟɞɢɚɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ - ɷɬɨ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɢ,ɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɯ,ɝɞɟ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɢ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ.
ɉɨɞɨɛɧɨɟ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɤ ɨɧɢɦɚɦ,ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɯ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ.
ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɩɪɹɦɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɨɧɢɦɚ:ɄȺɊɂȺɌɂȾȺ (ɠɪɢ-ɰɚ ɯɪɚɦɚ Ⱥɪɬɟɦɢɞɵ ɜ Ʉɚɪɢɹɯ,ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ Ʌɚɤɨɧɢɤɚ Ⱦɪɟɜɧɟɣ Ƚɪɟɰɢɢ). ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɟ-ɮɢɧɢɰɢɢ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ, «…ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɩɨɪɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɝɭɪɵ,ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ,ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɟ,ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ.Ʉɚɪɢɚɬɢɞɵ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɥɨɧɟɧɵ ɤ ɫɬɟɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɢɡ ɧɟɺ.Ʉɚɪɢɚɬɢɞɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨ-ɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɡɨɞɱɟɫɬɜɟ XVII-XIX ɜɜ.», ɱɬɨ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɧɢɦɭ «ɤɚɪɢɚɬɢɞɚ»ɜ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɧɢɦɨɜ (ɢɥɢ ɷɩɨɧɢɦɨɜ), ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚ.Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚ ɭɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɤɨɪɧɹɦɢ ɜ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚ,ɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤ-ɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɞɢɚɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ-ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ.
Ⱦɟɧɨɬɚɬɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ɜ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟ ɜɨ ɦɧɨ-ɝɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɧɢɦɵ ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɵ. ɂɧɬɟɪ-ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɧɢɦɵ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɮɟɪɚɦɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ: ɢɫɬɨɪɢ-ɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ,ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ,ɪɟɥɢɝɢɟɣ,ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ ɝɟɪɨɹɦɢ, ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢ-ɦɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢ-ɦɢ,ɱɟɦ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ.ȼɨ ɜɫɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɵ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɥɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɜ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɦɢɪɚ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɫɟɛɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ.
Ⱥɧɬɪɨɩɨɧɢɦɵ,ɢɥɢ ɷɩɨɧɢɦɵ,ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɜ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɪɚɡ-ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɢɥɟɣ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɣ, ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɣ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ,ɪɟɱɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɞɬɢ ɢ ɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯ. ɗɤɫɬɟɧ-ɫɢɨɧɚɥ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɧɢɦɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɥɢɛɨ ɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ «ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ»
–ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ,ɩɪɨɫɥɚɜɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɢɧɞɢɜɢ-ɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɚɧɟɪɨɣ, ɧɚɭɱɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɜɵɞɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦɢ,
ɭɞɚɱɧɵɦɢ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɥɢɛɨ ɩɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɥɢɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɵ, ɩɟɪɫɨɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɬɪɟɡɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɟɪɯɨɜɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɬɪɟɡɨɤ ɜɪɟ-ɦɟɧɢ.ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɩɨɧɢɦɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɮɢɪɦɚ (ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɚɹ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɢɛɨ-ɪɵ,ɢɥɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ).
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɢɡ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɣ [9], [7], [5]:
ɄɍɅɖɆȺɇ (ɩɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɣ ɮɢɪɦɵ, ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɷɬɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ) – ɱɟɪ-ɬɺɠɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ,ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɱɟɪɬɺɠɧɨɣ ɞɨɫɤɢ,ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɬɨɥɟ (ɫɬɚɧɢɧɟ),ɢ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɣ,ɡɚɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɣɫɲɢɧɭ,ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤ,ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪ ɢ ɞɪ.
(ɩɚɧɬɨɝɪɚɮɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ)» [9];
ȺȾȺɆ-ɋɌɂɅɖ (ɩɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɛɪɚɬɶɟɜ Ⱥɞɚɦ, XVIII ɜ.) – ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɛɪɚɬɶɹɦɢ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ [9].
ɆȿɌɈȾ ɆɈɇɀȺ – ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɢɦ ɭɱɟɧɵɦ Ƚɚɫɩɚɪɨɦ Ɇɨɧɠɟɦ (1746-1818). Ƚ.
Ɇɨɧɠ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɥ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɧɚɭɤɢ «ɧɚɱɟɪɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ» [9].
ɋȿɊɅɂȺɇɈ – ɫɚɦɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɫ ɩɨɞɜɵ-ɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɚɪɨɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɺɦɨɦ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɢɧɟ;ɧɚɡɜɚɧɨ ɩɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɋ.
ɋɟɪɥɢɨ (1475-1554) [9].
ɋɈɐȽɈɊɈȾ ɆɂɅɘɌɂɇȺ – ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ-ɧɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ – ɇ.
Ɇɢɥɸɬɢɧɵɦ (1930 ɝ.) [9].
ȺɆɈɋɈȼȺ ɄȺɅɈɊɂɎȿɊɈɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ,ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɝɨɪɹɱɢɣ ɞɵɦ, ɜɵɣ-ɞɹ ɢɡ ɛɨɪɨɜɚ,ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɪɭɛɚɦ,ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ,ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɭɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚɪɭɠɭ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɞɵɦɨɜɭɸ ɬɪɭɛɭ. [7].
ɉɈɆɉȺȾɍɊ – ɫɬɢɥɶ (ɜ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɟ,ɦɟɛɟɥɢ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.),ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɦɚɪɤɢ-ɡɵ ɉɨɦɩɚɞɭɪ,ɮɚɜɨɪɢɬɤɢ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ Ʌɸɞɨɜɢɤɚ XV (XVIII ɜ.) [7].
ɋɌɂɅɂ ɅɘȾɈȼɂɄɈȼ (Ʌ. XIII, Ʌ. XIV, Ʌ. XV, Ʌ. XVI) – ɫɬɢɥɢ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɨɞɱɟɫɬɜɚ XVII-XVIII ɜɜ. [9].
Ʉɚɤ ɦɵ ɜɢɞɢɦ,ɨɧɢɦɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɆȺɇɍ-ɗɅɂɇɈ,ɋȿɊɅɂȺɇɈ,ɏɍɊɊɂȽɍɗɊȿɋɄɈ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ,ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɢɡ ɢɦɟ-ɧɢ ɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ,ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ «ɫɬɢɥɶ»:ȺȾȺɆ-ɋɌɂɅɖ;ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɚ: ɫɭɳɟɫɬ-ɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ + ɫɭɳɟɫɬɫɭɳɟɫɬ-ɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜ ɪɨɞ.ɩɚɞɟɠɟ:ɋɌɂɅɖ ȾɂɊȿɄɌɈɊɂɂ,ɋɌɂɅɖ ȽȿɇɊɂ-ɏȺ II, ɆȿɌɈȾ ɆɈɇɀȺ,ɄȺɅɈɊɂɎȿɊ ȺɆɈɋɈȼȺ,ɋɂɋɌȿɆȺ ȽɂɉɉɈȾȺɆɈȼȺ.ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ-ɝɢɩɟɪɨɧɢɦ:
ɫɬɢɥɶ,ɦɟɬɨɞ,ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɢ ɞɪ.
Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ,ɱɬɨ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ «ɂɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɢ-ɧɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ» [9] ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɞɟɮɢɧɢ-ɰɢɣ.
Ⱥɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɜɨɛɪɚɥɚ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɢ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɪɟɥɢɤɬɵ ɞɪɟɜ-ɧɢɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɷɩɨɯ, ɤɚɤ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵ ɢ ɛɢɛɥɟɢɡɦɵ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɟɤɨɪɚ ɢ ɨɪɧɚɦɟɧɬɚ.
Ɇɢɮɨɧɢɦɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɩɪɟɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɦɟɧ.Ɉɧɢ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɤɫɩɥɢɰɢɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɟɦ,ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɯ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɵ ɩɪɟɰɟ-ɞɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɨɫɨɛɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ – ɦɢɮɨɜ.ɂɡ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟ-ɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɮɚ,ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɞɚɟɬ Ɇ.ȼ.ɇɢɤɢɬɢɧ.ɉɨ ɟɝɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ,ɦɢɮ –ɷɬɨ «ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɪɨɞ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɚɧɢɣ,ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ,ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ,ɤ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɦ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ
ɞɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚɦ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɢɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɦ,ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚ ɞɨɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɮɚɧɬɚ-ɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɡɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɟɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɧɨɫɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɨ-ɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɟ ɦɢɪɚ ɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ,ɨ ɫɢɥɚɯ ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ,ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɦɢɪɨɦ ɢ ɫɭɞɶɛɚɦɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ» [5]. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɢɧɵɯ ɷɩɨɯ (Ȼɢɛɥɢɹ,ɨɛɳɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ) ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ, ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɚɥɥɸɡɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɦɟɧ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɵɦɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɚɥɥɸɡɢɣ,ɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɤ ɦɢɮɚɦ,ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ,ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ,ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɦɟɧɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ.ɗɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɬɟɦ,ɱɬɨ ɚɜɬɨɪ,ɩɪɢɛɟɝɚɸɳɢɣ ɤ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɡɚ-ɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ,ɱɟɪɩɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɢɡ ɨɫɨɛɨɝɨ «ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ», ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ «ɧɟ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɦɟɧɚɦ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɦɟɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɹɞɪɨ» [3].
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ,ɷɩɨɧɢɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɧɚɡɜɚ-ɧɢɹɦ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɦɟɫɬ ɢɯ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ,ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɥɟɝɥɢ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ:
Ⱦɪɟɜɧɟɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɪɢɦɫɤɚɹ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɹ:
ȺɌɅȺɇɌ(ɝɪ. – ɧɟɫɭɳɢɣ), 1) ɜ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ – Ɍɢɬɚɧ,ɫɵɧ ɂɚɩɟɬɚ ɢ Ʉɥɢɦɟɧɵ, ɛɪɚɬ ɉɪɨɦɟɬɟɹ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɦɢɮɭ, Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɥ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɚɢɧɟ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɧɟɛɨ ɜ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɛɨɪɶɛɟ Ɍɢɬɚɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɨɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɛɨ-ɝɨɜ; 2) ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɩɨɪɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɭɠɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɝɭɪɵ,ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɛɚɥɨɱɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟ-ɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ,ɩɨɪɬɢɤɚ,ɛɚɥɤɨɧɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.[11].
Ⱦɪɟɜɧɟɟɝɢɩɟɬɫɤɚɹ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɹ:
ȽȺɌɈɊɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɄɈɅɈɇɇȺ – ɟɝɢɩɟɬɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɚ ɫ ɤɚɩɢɬɟɥɶɸ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɝɨɥɨɜɵ ɛɨɝɢɧɢ Ƚɚɬɨɪ (ȿɝɢɩɟɬ) [9].
ɂɧɞɭɢɫɬɫɤɚɹ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɹ:
ȽȺɊɍȾȺ – ɦɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɥɚɞɵɤɚ ɩɬɢɰ,ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɝɨɥɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɤɪɵɥɶɹɦɢ ɨɪɥɚ ɢ ɬɭɥɨɜɢɳɟɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ [9]
ɒɭɦɟɪɨ-ɚɤɤɚɞɫɤɚɹ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɹ:
ɅȺɆȺɋɋɍ – ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɵɥɚɬɨɝɨ ɛɵɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɥɶɜɚ ɫ ɝɨɥɨɜɨɣ ɦɭɠɱɢɧɵ. ɋɨ-ɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɜɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɜɚɜɢɥɨɧɹɧ,ɨɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɬɝɨɧɹɬɶ ɡɥɵɯ ɞɭɯɨɜ ɨɬ ɠɢ-ɥɢɳɚ ɦɨɧɚɪɯɚ.ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɟ,ɥɚɦɚɫɫɭ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɥɢ 6-ɸ ɧɨɝɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢ-ɱɟɦ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ,ɫɦɨɬɪɟɜɲɢɣ ɜ ɮɚɫ ɢɥɢ ɫɛɨɤɭ ɜɢɞɟɥ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ 4 ɧɨɝɢ [9].
Ȼɢɛɥɟɢɡɦɵ:
ɋȿɊȺɎɂɆ – ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɥ ɧɟɛɟɫɧɵɯ,ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɫ ɲɟɫɬɶɸ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɪɵɥɶɹɦɢ (ɨɞɧɚ ɩɚɪɚ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɝɨɥɨɜɨɣ,ɞɪɭɝɚɹ – ɨɩɭɳɟɧɚ ɧɢ-ɠɟ ɝɨɥɨɜɵ,ɚ ɟɳɟ ɞɜɚ ɤɪɵɥɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɺɪɬɵ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ) [7].
Ʉɚɤ ɦɵ ɜɢɞɢɦ, ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɹɦɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɟɦɵ ɢɥɢ ɛɢɛɥɟɢɡɦɚ,ɚ ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ - ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ,ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɧɢɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚ.
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ,ɱɬɨ ɡɚ ɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɦɢ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚ-ɟɜ ɫɬɨɹɬ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɪɬɟɮɚɤɬɨɜ, ɢ ɜɫɟ ɨɧɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɚɪɯɢ-ɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ȼ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɡɦ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜ ɫɬɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ,ɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɤ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɰɟɥɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ,ɱɟɦ ɤ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɯ ɞɟɤɨɪɚ.Ⱦɟɧɨɬɚɬɵ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ «ɚɬɥɚɧ-ɬɵ ɢ ɤɚɪɢɚɬɢɞɵ», «ɯɢɦɟɪɵ» «ɯɚɨɫ»,ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɹɦɵɟ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢ-ɟɣ ɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢ-ɟɣ. ɇɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ,ɷɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɷɦɨɰɢɨ-ɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ,ɫ ɢɯ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ, ɩɪɨɟɰɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɧɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɦɢɪɚ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1.Ʉɪɚɫɧɵɯ ȼ.ȼ. «ɋɜɨɣ»ɫɪɟɞɢ «ɱɭɠɢɯ»:ɦɢɮ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ?.- Ɇ.:ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ Ƚɧɨɡɢɫ, - 375ɫ.
2.Ʌɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ / Ƚɥ.ɪɟɞ.ȼ.ɇ.əɪɰɟɜɚ. - Ɇ.:ɋɨɜ.ɗɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹ, 1998. – 732 ɫ.
3.Ʌɨɬɦɚɧ ɘ.Ɇ.ɋɥɨɜɨ ɢ ɹɡɵɤ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ. - Ɇ.:ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 1992. - 92 ɫ.
4.Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪ Ɇɟɧɶ. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ. – ɋɉɛ.: 2002 – ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: http://krotov.info/spravki/temy/ae/aeponim.html
5.ɇɢɤɢɬɢɧ Ɇ.ȼ.Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɢ.-ɋɉɛ.:ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɋɉɛ ɭɧ-ɬɚ, 2003. - 437ɫ. 6.ɇɨɜɵɣ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɨ-ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ.Ɍ.Ɏ.ȿɮɪɟɦɨɜɨɣ. - Ɇ.:
Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ, 2000. - 536ɫ.
7.ɉɥɭɠɧɢɤɨɜ ȼ.ɂ.Ɍɟɪɦɢɧɵ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹ / ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ-ɝɥɨɫɫɚɪɢɣ. – Ɇ.:
ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ, 1995. – 160 ɫ.
8.Ɋɟɮɨɪɦɚɬɫɤɢɣ Ʌ.Ⱥ.ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ.ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɜɭɡɨɜ. - Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 1967. - 531ɫ.
9.ɋɨɝɨɹɧ ɇ.ɒ.ɂɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ:ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨ-ɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ȼɍɁɨɜ. – Ɇ.: Ⱥɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ-ɋ, 2006. – 384 ɫ.; ɢɥ.
10.ɋɭɩɟɪɚɧɫɤɚɹ Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ /ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ɋɟɮɨɪɦɚɬɫɤɨɝɨ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. – Ɇ.:
ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1973. - 366ɫ.
11.ɘɫɭɩɨɜ ɗ.ɋ.ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ / ɗ.ɋ.ɘɫɭɩɨɜ. - ɋɉɛ.: [ɛ.ɢ.], 1994. – 432 ɫ.
The literature
1. Krasnih V.V. «Svo»j sredi «chuzih»: mif ili realnost? – M.: izd-vo Gnozis. – 375 s.
2. Linguistics. Grand Encyclopedia / Editor-in-chief V.N.Yartseva. — Edition 2. — Ɇ.: Grand Russian Encyclopedia, 1998. 732 p.
3. Lotman Y.M. Slovo i jazik v culture. – M.: Prosveshenije, 1992. – 92 s.
4. Aleksandr Men. Bibliology dictionary. - SPb.: 2002: http://krotov.info/spravki/temy/ae/aeponim.html 5. Nikitin M.V. Osnovanija kognitivnoj cemantiki. – SPb.: 1994. – 432 s.
6. Novij tolkovo-slovoobrazovatelnij slovar russkogo jazika pod red. T.F. Efremovoj. – M.: Russkij jazik, 2000. – 586 s.
7. Pluzhnikov V.I. Terms of the Russian Architectural Heritage / Dictionary and Glossary. – Publishing House: Iskusstvo, 1995. – 160 p.
8. Reformatskij A.A. Vvedenije v jazikovedenije. Uchebnik dla vuzov. – M.: Prosveshenije, 1967. – 531 s.
9. Sogoyan N.S. Illustrated Dictionary of Architectural Terms and Concepts: Educational Guidance for higher education institutions. – Ɇ.: Arkhitewktura-ɋ, 2006. – 384 p.; ill.
10. Superanskaja A.V. Obshaja teorija imeni sobstvennogo / pod. red. Reformatskogo A.A. – M.: Nau-ka, 1973. – 366 s.
11. Yusupov A.S. Dictionary of Architectural Terms. - SPb.: [w. n], 1994. – 432 p.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ:ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫ,ɨɧɢɦɵ,ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɧɢɦɵ, ɨɧɨɦɚɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ,ɩɪɟɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɚ.
Key words: architect- building discourse, onims, anthroponims, onomasiological space, precedent vocabulary.
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