THAN 500 THOUSAND PEOPLE
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨ-ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ƚɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ,ɬɵɫ.ɱɟɥ. Ⱦɨɥɹ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ, %
Ɂɭ ɑɨɣ 492,0 4,0 ɇɚɧ ɑɨɣ 353,0 3,5
Ƀ ȼɭ 403,0 4.3 ȼɷɧ ɑɨɣ 305,0 3,0 ɑɸɣ ɑɨɣ 353,0 4,0 Ʌɢ ɒɭɷɣ 403,0 4,0 ɑɨɣ ɒɚɧ 394,0 4.0 Ⱦɢɧ ɏɭɚ 403,0 3.5 ȼɟɧ ɑɨɣ 235,0 4.0
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ,ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɣ,ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬ ɨɬɤɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ.ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫ-ɱɟɬɨɜ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɚɡɭ, ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ-ɧɨ-ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ Ʉɢɬɚɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɞɟɢ ɩɨɥɢɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ:
- ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɳɟɫɬ-ɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ;
- ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚ-ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɣ;
- ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ;
- ɬɢɩɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɍȾɋ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɟɪ-ɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɍȾɋ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Ȼɚɟɜɫɤɢɣ Ɉ.Ⱥ. ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɜ XXI ɜɟɤɟ – Ɇ., ɄɌɋɆɂ, 1999 ɝ
2. Ƚɭɬɧɨɜ Ⱥ.ɗ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶ -ɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ – ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮ.ɞɢɫɫ.ɞɨɤɬ.ɚɪɯ – Ɇ., ɆȺɊɏɂ 1979 ɝ
3. Ƚɭɬɧɨɜ Ⱥ.ɗ ɗɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ – Ɇ., 1984
4. Ʉɭɡɶɦɢɧ Ⱥ.ȼ.Ƚɨɪɨɞ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ – ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ,ɝɨɪɨɞ,ɥɸɞɢ – Ɇ., ɄɌɋɆɂ – 1999 - ʋ 10 (113)
5. ɋɚɦɨɣɥɨɜ Ⱦ.ɋ.Ƚɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ – Ɇ.: ɋɬɪɨɣɢɡɞɚɬ, 1983 ɝ
6. Ɉɜɟɱɧɢɤɨɜ ȿ.ȼ., Ɏɢɲɟɥɶɫɨɧ Ɇ.ɋ.Ƚɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ – Ɇ.: ȼɵɫɲɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ, 1976 7. ɑɟɪɟɩɚɧɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ. Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ:ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɜɭɡɨɜ – Ɇ.: ȼɵɫɲɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ, 1981
8. ɒɚɧ ɏɭɚɧ,Ƚɭɧ ɋɢ – ɗɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ – Ʉɢɬɚɣ,ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɂɡɞɚ-ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ , 1989
9. Ɇɢɧ ɏɢ, Ɇɢ ɏɭ – Ƚɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ Ʉɢɬɚɟ, Ʉɢɬɚɣ ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ , 2003
10. TE-L ALBERT TSAI. Alleviting Mertopolitan Roadway Congestion.The Efficacy of Alter-nate Urban Performance Measures at The Land Use and transpotation Iterface In analysis and Policy development (D) Universtiy of Colorado.Design and planning. 2003
The literature
1. Baevsky O.A. Strategia gradostroitelnogo razvitiya Moskvy v XXI veke. – Ɇ., ɄɌɋɆI, 1999g.
2. Gutnov A. E. Structurno-funkcionalnaya organizaciya i razvitiye gradostroitelny sistem – avtoref.
diss. dokt. arch.– Ɇ., ɆȺRCHI 1979 g.
3. Gutnov A. E. Evolucia gradostroitelstva – Ɇ., 1984 g.
4. KuzminȺ.V. Gorod udobny dlya jizni ludey – Pravitelstvo, gorod, ludi – Ɇ.,ɄɌSɆI – 1999 g.
-ʋ 10 (113)
5. Samoilov D.S. Gorodskoy transport – Ɇ.: Stroizdat, 1983 g.
6. Ovechnikovȿ.V., Fishelson Ɇ.S. Gorodskoy transport – Ɇ.: Vysshaya shkola, 1976 g.
7. Cherepanov V.A. Transport v planirovke gorodov: Uchebnik dlya vuzov – Ɇ.: Vysshaya shkola, 1981 g.
8. Shan Chuan, Gun Si – Evolucia planirovaniya goroda - Kitay, Stroitelstvo Izdatelstvo, 1989g.
9. Min Chi, Min Chu – Gradostroitelstvo i gorodskoe planirovanie v Kitae – Kitay, Stroitelstvo Izdatelstvo, 2003 g.
10. TE-L ALBERT TSAI. Alleviting Mertopolitan Roadway Congestion.The Efficacy of Alternate Urban Performance Measures at The Land Use and transpotation Iterface In analysis and Policy devel-opment (D) Universtiy of Colorado.Design and planning. 2003
11. 㙪ˈԩЁᑇ – ජᏖ㾘ߦⓨবথሩ – Ёᓎㄥߎ⠜⼒Ӯ , 1989 12. ᄨᏚ,⥟ࠥफ – ЁජᏖ㾘ߦⷨお, Ёᓎㄥߎ⠜⼒, 2003
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ:ɉɨɥɢɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ,ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɝɨ-ɪɨɞɚ ɄɇɊ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨ-ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫ -ɩɨɪɬɚ, ɜɟɥɨɫɢɩɟɞɧɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ, ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚ-ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ.
Keywords: Policentric urban system, transport service, towns of CSR, tranport planning urban system, public transport system, cycling, cross direction profile, terrutory of transport infrastructure.
ȿ-mailɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ:[email protected].
Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬ:Ⱥɤɫɟɧɨɜɚ ȿɥɟɧɚ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɧɚ,ɤ.ɫ.ɧ., ȼɟɞɭɳɢɣ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪ ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɞɨɪɨɝ Ƚɍɉ «ɇɂ ɢ ɉɂ Ƚɟɧɩɥɚɧɚ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ»
ɗɄɋɉɊȿɋɋ ɆȿɌɈȾɕ ȼ ȽȿɈɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɈɆ ɆɈɇɂɌɈɊɂɇȽȿ
EXPRESS METODS IN GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING Ⱥ. ɇ. Ƚɚɜɪɢɥɨɜ, ȿ. Ɇ. Ƚɪɹɡɧɨɜɚ
A. N. Gavrilov, E.M. Gryaznova
ȽɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɆȽɋɍ,ɇɌɈɐ ɂȾɆɁɢɋ
ɉɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢ ɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɡɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ.
Some results and recommendations for geotechnical monitoring of the foundations soils during the building in congested urban environment are discussed.
ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɨ-ɞɨɜ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ,ɝɞɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɚ ɷɬɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ,ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɢɞɟɬ,ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ,ɫ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ.
ȼɵɟɦɤɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɢ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɞɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ, ɱɬɨ,ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ,ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ [1] ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ,ɱɟɦ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 1-ɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ.ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ,ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɪɚɛɨɬ,ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧ-ɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ, ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɤ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɚɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ.ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ,ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ,ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɪɟ-ɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɨɬ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɚ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ, ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ (ɫɦ. [6]).
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɧɟ-ɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ,ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,ɡɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ (ɍɉȼ).
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ,ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ, ɬɚ-ɤɢɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɤɚ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ,ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɢ ɲɭɪɮɨɜ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ-ɤɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɨɤ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ,ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɬɟɫɧɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɜɨɡ-ɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟ-ɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɜɥɢɹɜɨɡɜɟɞɟ-ɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬ-ɜɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬ-ɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɢ, ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɧɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɡɞɚ-ɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɞɟɡɞɚ-ɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɟ, ɩɨɥɟɜɵɟ ɨɩɵɬ-ɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ in situ [5]. ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɫ ɭɫɩɟɯɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɤɨɧ-ɬɚɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɗȾɁ), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɬɢɩ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɪɨɬɚɠɚ,ɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬ-ɜɚɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ [2]. ȼ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ.
Ʉ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ ɬɨɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɚɪɨɬɚɠɚ ɩɪɢ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɢɠɟ ɍɉȼ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɵ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɭɬɟɱɤɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚ-ɰɢɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɷɬɨɬ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɗȾɁ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ ɫ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ,ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢ-ɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɝ.Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ.ɇɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɫɬɪɨɢ-ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ:ɝ.Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ,Ɇɚɥɚɹ ɇɢɤɢɬɫɤɚɹ ɭɥ.ɞ. 15, ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ 6-ɬɢ ɷɬɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɫɚɞɚ ɨɬ ɫɬɚɪɨɝɨ ɫɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɦɚ.ɍɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɮɚɫɚɞ ɛɵɥ ɭɫɢɥɟɧ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɡɛɨɪɤɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɫɬɚɪɨɝɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ.Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤ ɫɬɪɨɢ-ɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɬ ɟɳɟ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨ-ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ.ɉɥɚɧ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.1
ɉɨɞ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɡɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɞɜɭɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɫɬɨɹɧ-ɤɢ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɨɤɨɥɨ 8-ɦɢ ɦɟɬɪɨɜ.Ⱦɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɤɨɬɥɨɜɚɧ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬ-ɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɩɨɞ ɡɚɳɢɬɨɣ ɲɩɭɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ ɫ 1979 ɩɨ 2007 ɝ. ɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢ-ɥɢɫɶ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɪɟɫɬɚ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ (ɆȽȽɌ). ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɫ-ɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɫɠɢɦɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ,ɩɨɞ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢɦɵ-ɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɤ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ,ɡɚɥɟɝɚɥɢ ɚɥɥɸɜɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɵ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɝɪɚɜɢɟɦ,ɪɟɠɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ,ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ,ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɦ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ȿɨɪɚɜɧɵɦ 32 Ɇɉɚ.Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɩɨɥ-ɧɟɧɨ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ, ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ.Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɛ-ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ,ɱɬɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ.Ɂɚ ɡɞɚɧɢɹɦɢ,ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɢɸɥɹ 2004 ɝ.ɆȽȽɌ ɛɵɥ ɭɫɬɚ-ɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ,ɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɡɚ 20 ɥɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ.ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɩɨ-ɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.2 (ɚ ɢ ɛ).
ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɧɚɱɚɬɵ ɜ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɟ 2007 ɝ.ȼɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɹɯ,ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ,ɥɟɠɚɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ -3,1 ÷ -5,5 ɦɦ. ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥ ɩɪɨ-ɯɨɞɤɭ ɥɢɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 377 ɦɦ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ 18 ɦ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɲɩɭɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ.ɉɪɨɯɨɞɤɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɟ 2007 ɝ.ɲɧɟɤɨɜɵɦ ɛɭ-ɪɟɧɢɟɦ,ɜɦɟɫɬɨ,ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ,ɤɨɥɨɧɤɨɜɨɝɨ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɛɵɥ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɨɫɚɞɨɤ, ɡɧɚɱɟ-ɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤ ɤɨɧɰɭ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹ 2007 ɝ.ɥɟɠɚɥɢ ɭɠɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ -2,5 ÷ -90,8 ɦɦ.Ɋɨɫɬ ɨɫɚ-ɞɨɤ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɥɫɹ ɬɪɟɳɢɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɮɚɫɚɞɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧɚɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ,ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɤ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ.ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɢɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɨ ɜ ɤɪɚɬɱɚɣɲɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɫɠɢɦɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭ ɮɭɧɞɚ-ɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ.
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɪɟɲɚɥɚɫɶ,ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɦ ɜɵɲɟ,ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɗȾɁ.Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɟ-ɞɟɧɢɹ ɗȾɁ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɜ [2], ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ,ɧɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɧɟɣ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨ, ɫɪɚɡɭ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ.
Ɂɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ 25 ɬɨɱɤɚɯ,ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ (ɫɦ.ɪɢɫ.1) ɜ ɥɢɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚɯ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ 2,5 ÷ 4,0 ɦ,ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɨɡɶ ɬɨɥɳɭ ɧɚɫɵɩɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɧ-ɬɨɜ. Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɥɚ 11 ɦ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɫɸ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɠɢɦɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬ-ɤɚɯ,ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɤɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɯ ɥɢɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ,ɩɨɹɜɢɥɫɹ ɧɨ-ɜɵɣ, ɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ ɧɟ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɢɣɫɹ, ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ (ɂȽɗ) – ɪɵɯɥɵɟ ɩɟɫɤɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɟɠɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ. Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɫ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ (ȿɨ) ɩɨ ɬɨɱɤɚɦ ɗȾɁ ʋ3ɢ ʋ6,ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ʋ 3/87 ɢ ʋ2/03 ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.
2 (ɜ ɢ ɝ).
ɂɡ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɬɨɱɤɚɦ ɗȾɁ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɫɠɢɦɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ,ɜ 1,8 ɪɚɡɚ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚ-ɱɟɧɢɣ ȿɨ.,ɱɬɨ,ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɩɨɜɵɫɢɥɨ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵ-ɡɜɚɥɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɨɤ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ,ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɤ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ.
ɂɡ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɜɢɞɧɨ,ɱɬɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɨɫ-ɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟ-ɬɢɬɶ,ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚɯ, ɪɚɫɩɨ-ɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɢ ɢɦɟɜɲɢɯ ɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ. (ɫɦ. [3]). ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨ-ɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɳɚɞɹɳɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɟɦɥɹɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢ-ɟɦ, ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɨɩɟɪɟɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ,ɩɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɹɦ, ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɦɚɝɚ «ȼɨɟɧɬɨɪɝ» [7].
Ɍɚɤɠɟ,ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɢ,ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ,ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ, ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟ-ɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɭɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ.
ȼ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ:
1. ɉɪɨɯɨɞɤɚ ɤɨɬɥɨɜɚɧɨɜ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɪɚɡɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ, ɩɨɜɵɲɚɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,ɢɯ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ȿ0ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɧɢɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ 1,5 ɪɚɡɚ, ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ,ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɵ-ɫɤɚɧɢɹɯ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ;
2. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ ɜɵɩɨɥ-ɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ,ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜ [4], ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ, ɩɪɢ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɨ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ,ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɗȾɁ,ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨɛ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɝɪɭɧ-ɬɨɜ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ.
3.ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɥɨɬ-ɧɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɳɚɞɹɳɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɜɟɞɟ-ɧɢɹ ɡɟɦɥɹɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɨɩɟɪɟɠɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ-ɦɢ,ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ,ɩɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɹɦ,ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ,ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ,ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,ɩɪɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɦɚɝɚ «ȼɨɟɧɬɨɪɝ»
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. ɆȽɋɇ 2.07-01 Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ,ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ.Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2003 ɝ.;
2. Ⱥɧɢɤɢɧ Ɉ.ɉ.,Ƚɚɜɪɢɥɨɜ Ⱥ.ɇ.,Ƚɪɹɡɧɨɜɚ ȿ.Ɇ. «ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɝɟɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ"ɜ ɤɧ. «ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧ-ɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ». Ɇ.ɆȽɋɍ. 2001 ɝ., ɫɬɪ.41-50;
3. Ƚɚɜɪɢɥɨɜ Ⱥ.ɇ.,Ƚɪɹɡɧɨɜɚ ȿ.Ɇ.,ɋɬɚɪɤɨɜ Ɋ.Ɋ. «ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɝɟɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɟ» // «ȿɠɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ», ʋ10, 2007 ɝ., ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ «ɉȽɋ».Ɇ.2007ɝ.;
4. «Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɭ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɟ-ɦɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ»Ɇ. «Ɇɨɫɤɨɦɚɪ-ɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ». 1998, ɫɬɪ.89.
5.ȼ.Ɇ.ɍɥɢɰɤɢɣ,Ⱥ.Ƚ.ɒɚɲɤɢɧ «Ƚɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ» Ɇ.Ⱥɋȼ. 1999;
6.ɉɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɤ ɆȽɋɇ 2.07-01 Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ,ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɫɥɟɞɨ-ɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ. Ɇɨ-ɫɤɜɚ 2004 ɝ.;
7. A.N.Gavrilov, E.M.Grjaznova, R.R. Starkov, V.V.Tregubov «Control data from designing and reconstructing buildings in an urban area: the file of Voentorg Central Military Stores», Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Volume 3. Madrid 2007.
The literature
1. MGSN 2.07-01. Soil bases, footings and underground structures. Moscow, 2003;
2. O.P. Anikin, A.N.Gavrilov, E.M.Grjaznova. Application of geophysical methods for surveying buildings and structures within congested urban development. In book “Current site investigation me-thods in civil engineering”, Moscow, Moscow State Civil Engineering University, 2001, pp. 41-50;
3. A.N.Gavrilov, E.M.Grjaznova, R.R. Starkov. Application of express methods for geotechnical monitoring. Monthly Journal «Industrial and Civil Construction», No. 10, 2007, PGS Publishers, Mos-cow, 2007;
4. Recommendations for survey and monitoring of technical condition of existing buildings, lo-cated near a new construction or reconstruction site. Moscow, «Moskomarchitectura», 1998, p. 89;
5. V.M. Ulitsky, A.G. Shashkin. Geotechnical support of urban redevelopment, Moscow, ACB, 1999;
6. Manual to MGSN 2.07-01. Soil bases, footings and underground structures. Survey and moni-toring in construction and redevelopment of buildings and underground structures. Moscow, 2004;
7. A.N.Gavrilov, E.M.Grjaznova, R.R. Starkov, V.V.Tregubov «Control data from designing and reconstructing buildings in an urban area: the file of Voentorg Central Military Stores», Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Volume 3. Madrid 2007.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ:ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ, ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ,ɝɟɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ,ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɧɢ-ɬɨɪɢɧɝ,ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ,ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ,ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ,ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
Keywords: reconstruction, underground building, geophysics, geotechnical monitoring, express me-thods, technical condition, geology, base of constructions.
ȿ-maiɚɜɬɨɪɨɜl: [email protected]
Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬ: ɇɢɤɢɮɨɪɨɜɚ ɇɚɞɟɠɞɚ ɋɟɪɝɟɟɜɧɚ ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ,ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɫɨ-ɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ.Ɂɚɦ.ɡɚɜ.ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɟɣ ʋ2ɇɂɂɈɋɉ ɢɦ.ɇ.Ɇ.Ƚɟɪɫɟɜɚɧɨɜɚ ɈȺɈ «ɇɂɐ» ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶ-ɫɬɜɨ»,ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɆȽɋɍ
e-mail: [email protected]