ɆȺɌȿɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄɈȿ ɆɈȾȿɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ
ɄȺɄ ɈɋɇɈȼȺ ɂ ȼ ɋɈɋɌȺȼȿ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ɆɈɇɂɌɈɊɂɇȽȺ ɇȿɋɍɓɂɏ ɄɈɇɋɌɊɍɄɐɂɃ ɁȾȺɇɂɃ ɂ ɋɈɈɊɍɀȿɇɂɃ
MATHEMATICAL MOFELLING AS BASIS AND
ɩɪɚɤ-ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ,ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɧɵɯ ɨɪ-ɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ,ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ,ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹ-ɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ,ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ.
ɂɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɭ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɦɧɨɝɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ,ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɝ.Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ.
Ɇɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɠɢɥɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɨ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ:ɭɥ.ɉɪɨɮɫɨɸɡɧɚɹ,ɜɥ. 64-66.
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɵ ɫɜɟɪɯɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɦɟɬ-ɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɧɟɫɭɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɭɤɚ-ɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ,ɱɬɨ ɩɨɜɥɟɤɥɨ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ,ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟ-ɥɢ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɫ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɧɟɫɭɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɴɟɦɤɚ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɧɨɥɢɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɡ-ɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɚɯɟɨɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ SOKKIA SET 530RS ɢ SET530R ɫɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢ-ɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢ-ɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢ-ɦɢ:
–ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɨɜ 5Ǝ
–ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ 3 ɦɦ/ɤɦ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟ-ɧɢɢ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨ – ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ.
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ,ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɪɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɦ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɩɟ-ɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ,ɢ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɧɚ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɭɬɢ ɜɫɬɚɸɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɲɚɬɟɥɹ ɉɄ. ɂɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɥɭ-ɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɩɵɬɚ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɟɜɟɪɧɨ ɢ ɰɟɧɚ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɚ.
Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ɉɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ.
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɢ ɩɪɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɯ. ɉɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɨɬɢ-ɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ:ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɭɳɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɜɫɟ,ɢɥɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ-ɫɹ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ 60-ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟɫɭɳɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ!ɉɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɚ ɩɟɪɟ-ɫɱɟɬɨɜ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɵɥ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɜɫɟ,ɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ.Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɵ-ɜɨɞɵ ɮɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɫɟɝɨ 9-ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ.
Ɍɚɤ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜɢɞɧɨ,ɱɬɨ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɧɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ.Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɜɹɡɤɚ ɫ ɦɚ-ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ,ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ,ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɧɭɠ-ɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ.
Ɇɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɠɢɥɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɨ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ:Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɟ ɲɨɫɫɟ ɜɥ.25 Ɇɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɠɢɥɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɠɚ ɚɜɬɨ-ɫɬɨɹɧɤɢ. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ: ɠɢɥɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ (ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ
"Ⱥ","Ȼ","ȼ") ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ (ɤɨɪɩɭɫ "Ƚ").
Ʉɨɪɩɭɫ «Ⱥ» – 40 ɷɬɚɠɧɚɹ ɛɚɲɧɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦ ɩɨɫɥɟ 33 ɷɬɚɠɚ ɜ ɤɪɟɫɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ,ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɨɫɹɯ 57.6ɯ30.6ɦ,ɜɵɫɨɬɚ – 136 ɦ.Ʉɨɪɩɭɫ
«Ȼ» – 30-ɬɢ ɷɬɚɠɧɚɹ ɛɚɲɧɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɢ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɚɹ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ,ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɨɫɹɯ 26,4ɯ26,4ɦ,ɜɵɫɨɬɚ – 103 ɦ.
ɇɚ ɷɬɚɠɚɯ ɫ 8 ɩɨ 21 ɤɨɪɩɭɫ «Ȼ»ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧ ɫ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɨɦ «Ⱥ»ɝɚɥɟɪɟɟɣ ɫ ɨɫɬɟɤɥɟɧɧɵ-ɦɢ ɥɨɞɠɢɹɨɫɬɟɤɥɟɧɧɵ-ɦɢ,ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ.
ȼ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɵɯ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɛɵɥ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧ ɪɹɞ ɧɨɜɚɬɨɪ-ɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ,ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ ɢɯ ɬɟɯ-ɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ.ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɞ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦɢ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɮɚɫɚɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ. Ɏɚɫɚɞɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɨɧɟɫɭ-ɳɢɯ ɮɚɫɚɞɧɵɯ ɩɚɧɟɥɟɣ,ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɬɨɥɳ. 120 ɦɦ,ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɤɪɟɩɹɬ-ɫɹ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹɦ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɹɯ,ɭɬɟɩɥɢɬɟɥɹ 150 ɦɦ ɢ ɩɟɧɨɛɟ-ɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ 100 ɦɦ.Ⱦɪɭɝɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ – ɭɱɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɨɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɭɸ ɢɯ ɝɚɥɟɪɟɸ,ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɚɥɟɪɟɢ.Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɢ ɞɪɭ-ɝɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɛɵɥ ɜɵɛɪɚɧ ɫɟɣɫɦɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ.ȼ 2007 ɝɨɞɭ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢ-ɫɬɚɦɢ ɆȽɌɍ ɢɦ.ɇ.ɗ.Ȼɚɭɦɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɡɚɦɟɪɵ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɭɝɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɢ (ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ) ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨ-ɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɨɜ Ⱥ ɢ Ȼ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ. ɋɪɚɜɧɟ-ɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟ-ɧɢɹɦɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɡ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɧɟɩɥɨɯɭɸ ɫɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ.
Ȼɵɥɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ,ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɚ-ɞɚɱɢ.ɑɬɨ ɦɨɝɥɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɨ ɬɨɦ,ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɜɫɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɱɬɟɧɨ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɭɱɬɟɧɵ. Ɂɚɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɡɞɚɧɢɹɯ ɛɟɡ ɮɚɫɚɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ.
ȼ 2010 ɝɨɞɭ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ȺɆȾ (ɇɉɐȺɉ)ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɡɚɦɟɪɵ ɫɨɛɫɬ-ɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɨɜ Ⱥ ɢ Ȼ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɋɆ-2 (ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ).
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ 2010 ɝɨɞɭ ɧɚ ɡɞɚɧɢɹɯ ɭɠɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɮɚɫɚɞɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɦɟɠɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɤɢ. ɇɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɥɢ-ɱɢɟ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ,ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɜɫɟ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɵ.
ɑɬɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɡɚɦɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ Ⱥɥɬɚɟ-ɋɚɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ Ɏɢɥɢɚɥɚ Ƚɟɨɮɢ-ɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɋɥɭɠɛɵ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ.ɉɪɢ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ Ȼ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɫɬɨɹɱɢɯ ɜɨɥɧ ɞɚɬɱɢ-ɤɢ,ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɢ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɜ 270 ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɧɚ 30 ɷɬɚɠɚɯ ɩɨ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɭ ɢ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɚɦ.ɋɯɟɦɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɷɬɚɠɚ (ɩɪɨ-ɮɢɥɶ 2) ɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 2. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟ-ɧɢɹ ɩɨ 29-ɦɭ, 20-ɦɭ ɢ 10-ɦɭ ɷɬɚɠɭ ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɵ 3 ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɢɡ 9 ɬɨɱɟɤ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧ ɢ ɩɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ (ɫɦ.ɪɢɫ. 2).
Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ "ɋɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ ɉɚɪɤ" (ɝ.Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ)
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɫɬɨɹɱɢɯ ɜɨɥɧ Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɡɚɦɟɪɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɹɱɢɯ ɜɨɥɧ, ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ
ɟɦɤɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ.
ɚ) ɛ) ɜ) ɝ)
Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ "ɋɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ ɉɚɪɤ" (ɝ.Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ). Ʉɨɪɩɭɫ Ȼ.
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ:ɚ) 0,586 Ƚɰ, 97,3 ɦɤɦ/ɫ2;ɛ) 0,83 Ƚɰ, 56,6 ɦɤɦ/ɫ2; ɜ) 2,112 Ƚɰ, 26,2 ɦɤɦ/ɫ2;ɝ) 2,525 Ƚɰ, 19,7 ɦɤɦ/ɫ2
ɍɱɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ,ɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɦɨɧɢɬɨ-ɪɢɧɝɟ – ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ (ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɧɟɫɭɳɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚ-ɸɬɫɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ,ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɮɚɫɚɞɧɵɟ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ,ɦɟɠɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɤɢ, ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɭɡɥɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ – ɲɚɪ-ɧɢɪɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɞɟɥɤɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɝɚɥɟɪɟɹ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɠ/ɛ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɲɚɪɧɢɪɧɨ ɨɩɟɪɬɨɣ ɧɚ ɨɛɚ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ).
ɉɪɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɛɨɪɵ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɢɥɵ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ,ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɠɟ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚɦɢ, ɨɛɟɫɫɦɵɫɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ.
ɍɱɟɬ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ Ƚɪɚɧɬɚ ɇɒ-8684.2010.8 ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣ-ɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɲɤɨɥ ɊɨɫɫɢɣɊɨɫɫɢɣ-ɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ «Ɇɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɵɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ,ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨ-ɞɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟ-ɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ»ɧɚ 2010-2011 ɝɝ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
Ȼɟɥɨɫɬɨɰɤɢɣ Ⱥ.Ɇ.ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɨɟ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫ-ɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɦɟɝɚɩɨɥɢɫɚ. // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɆȽɋɍ,ʋ3, 2006, ɫ. 40-61.
The literature
1. Belostotsky A.M. Predictive Mathematical Modelling of Technological Safety of Critical Objects and Complexes of megalopolis. // Bulletin ɆSUCE, 3, 2006, pp. 40-61 (in Russian).
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