Vestnik_4_10_5.qxd

4/

2010

Т.5

МГСУ

вестник

научнотехнический журнал

www.mgsu.ru

4

Т

Научнотехнический журнал

Вестник МГСУ

ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКОЕ НАУЧНОЕ ИЗДАНИЕ

№ 4/2010

Ò. 5

Íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêèé æóðíàë Âåñòíèê ÌÃÑÓ, ¹ 4. 2010. Ò. 5 Ïåðèîäè÷åñêîå íàó÷íîå èçäàíèå. Ìîñêâà, ÌÃÑÓ. Çàðåãèñòðèðîâàí Ôåäåðàëüíîé ñëóæáîé ïî íàäçîðó çà ñîáëþäåíèåì çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâà â ñôåðå ìàññîâûõ êîììóíèêàöèé è îõðàíå êóëüòóðíîãî íàñëåäèÿ. Ñâèäåòåëüñòâî î ðåãèñ-òðàöèè ÏÈ ¹ÔÑ77-21435 îò 30 èþíÿ 2005 ã. Ðåäàêöèîííàÿ êîëëåãèÿ: Ãëàâíûé ðåäàêòîð − ðåêòîð ÌÃÑÓ, àêàä. ÐÀÀÑÍ, ä.ò.í., ïðîô. − Â.È. Òåëè÷åíêî; çàì. ãëàâíîãî ðåäàêòîðà −ñîâåòíèê ðåêòîðà ÌÃÑÓ, ÷ë.- êîðð. ÐÀÀÑÍ, ä.ò.í., ïðîô. − Å.À. Êî-ðîëü; çàì. ãëàâíîãî ðåäàêòîðà −ñîâåòíèê ðåêòîðà ÌÃÑÓ, ä.ô.-ì.í., ïðîô. − Ì.Â. Ñàìî-õèí; çàì. ãëàâíîãî ðåäàêòîðà −ïðîô., ê.ò.í. Í.Ñ. Íèêèòèíà; îòâ. ñåêðåòàðü −àêàäåìèê ÐÀÅÍ, ïðîô., ä.ò.í. À.Ä. Ïîòàïîâ; ðåäàêòîð −Å.Í. Àíèêèíà; âåðñòêà − Ä.À. Ìàòâååâ. Ðåäàêöèîííûé ñîâåò: Òåëè÷åíêî Â.È. (ïðåäñåäàòåëü), Àìáàðöóìÿí Ñ.À., Åãîðû÷åâ Î.Î., Áàæåíîâ Þ.Ì., Äìèòðèåâ À.Í., Êîðîëü Å.À. (çàì.ïðåäñåäàòåëÿ), Êîøìàí Í.Ï., Êðóãëèê Ñ.È., Íèêè-òèíà Í.Ñ. (çàì. ïðåäñåäàòåëÿ), Íèêîëàåâ Ñ.Â., Ìàêëàêîâà Ò.Ã., Ìýðôè Àíæåëà (Óíè-âåðñèòåò Öåíòðàëüíîãî Ëàíêàøèðà, Àíãëèÿ), Ïàëü ßí Ïåòåð (Òåõíè÷åñêèé Óíè(Óíè-âåðñèòåò Áåðëèíà, ÔÐÃ), Ó Õîé (Ïåêèíñêèé Óíèâåðñèòåò ñòðîèòåëüñòâà è àðõèòåêòóðû, Êèòàé), ßí Áóéíàê (Óíèâåðñèòåò Æèëèíà, Ñëîâàêèÿ), Áåãëàðÿí À.Ã. (Åðåâàíñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåí-íèé óíèâåðñèòåò àðõèòåêòóðû è ñòðîèòåëüñòâà, Àðìåíèÿ), Ïîòàïîâ À.Ä. (îòâ. ñåêðå-òàðü), Ïóïûðåâ Å.È., Ñàìîõèí Ì.Â. (çàì.ïðåäñåäàòåëÿ), Ñèäîðîâ Â.Í., Òåð-Ìàðòèðî-ñÿí Ç.Ã., Òðàâóø Â.È., ×óíþê Ä.Þ. (çàì. îòâ. ñåêðåòàðÿ) Àäðåñ ðåäàêöèè: 129337, Ìîñêâà, ßðîñëàâñêîå ø. 26. ÌÃÑÓ, Òåë. +7 (499) 183-56-83, Ôàêñ +7 (499) 183-56-83

e-mail: [email protected], http://www.iasv.ru, Ýëåêòðîííàÿ âåðñèÿ http://www.mgsu.ru Ïîäïèñàíî â ïå÷àòü 15.12.10 Âñå ìàòåðèàëû íîìåðà ÿâëÿþòñÿ ñîáñòâåííîñòüþ ðåäàêöèè, ïåðåïå÷àòêà èëè âîñïðîèçâåäåíèå èõ ëþ-áûì ñïîñîáîì ïîëíîñòüþ èëè ïî ÷àñòÿì äîïóñêàåòñÿ òîëüêî ñ ïèñüìåííîãî ðàçðåøåíèÿ ðåäàêöèè. ISSN 1997-0935 ©«Âåñòíèê ÌÃÑÓ», 2010

Àðõèòåêòóðà è ñòðîèòåëüñòâî À.À. Àãàñüÿíö (ÌÃÑÓ) ÊÎÍÖÅÏÒÓÀËÜÍÛÅ ÏÎËÎÆÅÍÈß ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß ÒÐÀÍÑÏÎÐÒÍÎÉ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ ÌÅÃÀËÎÏÎËÈÑÀ ...10 Î.Â.Àëåêñàíäðîâà, È. Â.Ìûðçàõàíîâà (ÌÃÑÓ) ÎÏÒÈÌÈÇÀÖÈß ÑÎÑÒÀÂÀ È ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈÈ ÁÎÐÒÎÂÎÃÎ ÊÀÌÍß ...15 Î.Ë. Áàíöåðîâà, À.À. Êîñòà (ÌÃÑÓ) ÔÓÍÊÖÈÎÍÀËÜÍÎ-ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÑÕÅÌÀ ÒÀÌÎÆÅÍÍÎ-ËÎÃÈÑÒÈ×ÅÑÊÎÃÎ ÊÎÌÏËÅÊÑÀ ÎÑÎÁÎÉ ÝÊÎÍÎÌÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ ÇÎÍÛ ÏÐÎÌÛØËÅÍÍÎ-ÏÐÎÈÇÂÎÄÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÃÎ ÒÈÏÀ ...19 À.Á. Áîäå (ÌÃÑÓ) ÄÅÐÅÂßÍÍÛÅ ØÀÒÐÎÂÛÅ ÕÐÀÌÛ. ÀÐÕÈÒÅÊÒÓÐÀ, ËÎÊÀÄÁÍÛÅ ÒÐÀÄÈÖÈÈ, ÏÐÎÈÑÕÎÆÄÅÍÈÅ...24 Áîíäàðåíêî È.Í., Ñîçèíîâ Ñ.Â. (ÌÃÑÓ) ÑÎÂÐÅÌÅÍÍÛÅ ÊÐÎÂÅËÜÍÛÅ ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÛ È ÊÎÍÑÒÐÓÊÖÈÈ ÊÐÎÂÅËÜ, ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÓÅÌÛÅ ÄËß ÆÈËÛÕ È ÏÐÎÌÛØËÅÍÍÛÕ ÇÄÀÍÈÉ ...31 È.Í. Áîíäàðåíêî, Þ.Í.Ìàëàøêèí, Â.Å. Æóðàâëåâ, Â.È. Áîíäàðåíêî, Ä.È. Þæàêîâà (ÌÃÑÓ), Ð.Â. Êðàâ÷åíêî (ÑÐÊ ÏÐÀÊÒÈÊÀ) ÈÇ ÎÏÛÒÀ ÏÐÎÂÅÄÅÍÈß ÎÁÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈß ÊÎÍÑÒÐÓÊÖÈÉ ÑÎÁÎÐÀ ÐÎÆÄÅÑÒÂÀ ÁÎÃÎÐÎÄÈÖÛ Â ÃÎÐÎÄÅ ÑÎËÈÃÀËÈ× ....38 È.Í.Áîíäàðåíêî, Þ.Í.Ìàëàøêèí, Í.À.Êà÷êîâ, Â.È.Áîíäàðåíêî (ÌÃÑÓ) Î ÐÀÁÎÒÅ ÊÈÐÏÈ×ÍÎÉ ÎÁËÈÖÎÂÊÈ ÑÎÂÐÅÌÅÍÍÛÕ ÂÛÑÎÒÍÛÕ ÇÄÀÍÈÉ ...43 Ä.Í.Âëàñîâ, Í.Â.Äàíèëèíà (ÌÃÑÓ) ÌÀÒÅÌÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÌÎÄÅËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÊÀÊ ÈÍÑÒÐÓÌÅÍÒ ÒÐÀÍÑÏÎÐÒÍÎ-ÏËÀÍÈÐÎÂÎ×ÍÎÉ ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÈ ÃÎÐÎÄÀ ...49 Ä.Í.Âëàñîâ, ßíü Ëèíü (ÌÃÑÓ) Ê ÂÎÏÐÎÑÓ ÑÎÂÅÐØÅÍÑÒÂÀÍÈß ÒÐÀÍÑÏÎÐÒÍÎ-ÏËÀÍÈÐÎÂÎÍÎÉ ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÛ ÊÈÒÀÉÑÊÈÕ ÃÎÐÎÄÎÂ Ñ ÍÀÑÅËÅÍÈÅÌ ÄÎ 500 ÒÛÑß× ×ÅËÎÂÅÊ ...55

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À.Í.Ãàâðèëîâ, Å.Ì.Ãðÿçíîâà (ÌÃÑÓ) ÝÊÑÏÐÅÑÑ-ÌÅÒÎÄÛ Â ÃÅÎÒÅÕÍÈ×ÅÑÊÎÌ ÌÎÍÈÒÎÐÈÍÃÅ ...61 Â.Â. Ãóðîâ (ÌÃÑÓ) ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈÈ ÏÐÎÅÊÒÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß È ÑÒÐÎÈÒÅËÜÑÒÂÀ ÝÍÅÐÃÎÑÁÅÐÅÃÀÞÙÈÕ ÆÈËÛÕ ÇÄÀÍÈÉ ÄËß ÒÈÏÎÂÎÉ ÌÀÑÑÎÂÎÉ ÇÀÑÒÐÎÉÊÈ ...67 Å.À. Ãóñàðîâà, Ð.À. Çîíòîâ (ÌÃÑÓ) ÀËÃÅÁÐÀÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÌÅÒÎÄ ÐÅØÅÍÈß ÇÀÄÀ× ÍÀ×ÅÐÒÀÒÅËÜÍÎÉ ÃÅÎÌÅÒÐÈÈ...71 Å.Í. Äìèòðåíêî, Â.Ñ. Ïðîêîïåö (ÌÃÑÓ) ÏÀÐÀÌÅÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÌÎÄÅËÜ ÏÐÎ×ÍÎÑÒÈ ÖÅÌÅÍÒÎÃÐÓÍÒÀ ...80 Å.Â. Êàçàêîâà, Î.Â. Ôðîëîâà (ÌÃÑÓ) ÎÍÈÌÛ ÊÀÊ ÝËÅÌÅÍÒ ÄÈÑÊÓÐÑÀ ÑÒÐÎÈÒÅËÜÑÒÂÀ È ÀÐÕÈÒÅÊÒÓÐÛ ...85 À.Â. Êîôàíîâ, Ç.È. Èâàíîâà, À.Ä. Èøêîâ (ÌÃÑÓ) ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎ-ÌÀÐÊÅÒÈÍÃÎÂÎÅ ÑÎÏÐÎÂÎÆÄÅÍÈÅ ÄÅßÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÈ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ ÄÏÎ (ÍÀ ÏÐÈÌÅÐÅ ÌÎÑÊÎÂÑÊÎÃÎ ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÃÎ ÑÒÐÎÈÒÅËÜÍÎÃÎ ÓÍÈÂÅÐÑÈÒÅÒÀ) ...91 Þ.À. Ëààìàðòè (ÌÃÑÓ) ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÀ ÊÀ×ÅÑÒÂÀ ÏÐÅÄÎÑÒÀÂËÅÍÈß ÒÐÀÍÑÏÎÐÒÍÛÕ ÓÑËÓà ÄËß ÌÀËÎÌÎÁÈËÜÍÎÃÎ ÍÀÑÅËÅÍÈß ÌÎÑÊÂÛ ...97 Ëó Êàéìèí, À.Å. Áàëàêèíà (ÌÃÑÓ) ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÛ ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß ÀÐÕÈÒÅÊÒÓÐÛ ÃÎÑÒÈÍÈÖ Â ÊÈÒÀÅ ....106 È. Ï. Ïðÿäêî (ÌÃÑÓ) ÍÀÐÓÆÍÀß ÐÅÊËÀÌÀ  ÑÒÐÎÈÒÅËÜÍÎ-ÈÍÂÅÑÒÈÖÈÎÍÍÎÉ ÑÔÅÐÅ È ÑÔÅÐÅ ÒÎÐÃÎÂËÈ ÊÀÊ ÔÀÊÒÎÐ, ÔÎÐÌÈÐÓÞÙÈÉ ÏÎÒÐÅÁÈÒÅËÜÑÊÎÅ ÏÎÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ ÆÈÒÅËÅÉ ÑÎÂÐÅÌÅÍÍÎÃÎ ÌÅÃÀÏÎËÈÑÀ ...110 È.À. Ïèñàðåâà, Ì.Â. Êîðîëåâ (ÌÃÑÓ) ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈÅ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ ÑÀÌÎÐÅÃÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß ÑÒÐÎÈÒÅËÜÍÎÉ ÎÒÐÀÑËÈ ÐÔ ...118

Ê.Â. Ïîñòíîâ (ÌÃÑÓ) ÄÈÂÅÐÑÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß ÊÀÊ ÈÍÑÒÐÓÌÅÍÒ ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß ÏÐÎÅÊÒÍÎÉ ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÈ ...129 Á.Ì.Ðóìÿíöåâ, À.Â.Îðëîâ (ÌÃÑÓ) ÌÍÎÃÎÔÓÍÊÈÎÍÀËÜÍÛÅ ÃÈÏÑÎÖÅÎËÈÒÎÂÛÅ ÏÎÐÈÇÎÂÀÍÍÛÅ ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÛ ...137 Ì.À. Ñëåïíåâ, À.Ñ. Ìàðøàëêîâè÷ (ÌÃÑÓ) ÂÎÇÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÅ ÇÀÃÐßÇÍÅÍÈß ÃÎÐÎÄÑÊÎÉ ÂÎÇÄÓØÍÎÉ ÑÐÅÄÛ ÀÂÒÎÒÐÀÍÑÏÎÐÒÎÌ ÍÀ ÆÈÇÍÅÄÅßÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÜ ÍÀÑÅËÅÍÈß ...141 Â.Í. Ñîêîâ, À.Â. Øåëåõèí (ÌÃÑÓ) ÏÐÎÈÇÂÎÄÑÒÂÎ ÙÅÁÍß ÈÇ ÌÅÑÒÍÛÕ ÌÍÎÃÎËÅÒÍÅÌÅÐÇËÛÕ ÏÎÐÎÄ – ÍÅÎÁÕÎÄÈÌÎÑÒÜ ÏÐÈ ÎÑÍÎÂÎÅÍÈÈ ÍÅÔÒÅÃÀÇÎÂÛÕ ÌÅÑÒÎÐÎÆÄÅÍÈÉ ßÌÀËÀ ...147 Ñ.Ä. Ñîêîâà (ÌÃÑÓ) ÂÛÁÎÐ ÃÈÄÐÎÈÇÎËßÖÈÎÍÍÛÕ ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÎÂ Ñ Ó×ÅÒÎÌ ÈÕ ÑÎÂÌÅÑÒÈÌÎÑÒÈ È ÎÑÎÁÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ...151 Í.Ï. Óìíÿêîâà (ÌÃÑÓ, ÍÈÈÑÔ) ÝÊÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÂÎÇÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÅ ÃÎÐÎÄÑÊÎÉ ÑÐÅÄÛ ÍÀ ÊÎÍÑÒÐÓÊÖÈÈ ÍÀÂÅÑÍÛÕ ÂÅÍÒÈËÈÐÓÅÌÛÕ ÔÀÑÀÄΠ...157 Å.À. Øíûðåíêîâ (ÌÃÑÓ) ÂËÈßÍÈÅ ÌÎÄÅÐÍÈÇÌÀ È ÏÎÑÒÌÎÄÅÐÍÈÇÌÀ ÍÀ ÔÎÐÌÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÃÎÐÎÄÑÊÎÉ ÇÀÑÒÐÎÉÊÈ...163 Å.Â.Ùåðáèíà, Ä.Â.Ôåäîòîâ (ÌÃÑÓ) ÑÎÂÅÐØÅÍÑÒÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÒÐÀÍÑÏÎÐÒÍÎÉ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ ÊÐÓÏÍÅÉØÅÃÎ ÃÎÐÎÄÀ ÏÓÒÅÌ ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ «ÏÅÐÅÕÂÀÒÛÂÀÞÙÈÕ ÏÀÐÊÎÂÎÊ» ...169 Ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå è êîíñòðóèðîâàíèå ñòðîèòåëüíûõ ñèñòåì Â.È.Àíäðååâ, È.À. Äóáðîâñêèé (ÌÃÑÓ) ÐÀÑ×ÅÒ ÏÎËÓÑÔÅÐÈ×ÅÑÊÎÃÎ ÇÀÙÈÒÍÎÃÎ ÊÓÏÎËÀ ÍÀ ÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÅ ÐÀÄÈÀÖÈÎÍÍÎÃÎ ÎÁËÓ×ÅÍÈß ...174

À.Ì. Áåëîñòîöêèé(ÌÃÑÓ), À.À. Àóë(ÌÝÈ), Ñ.Á. Ïåíüêîâîé(ÌÃÑÓ), À.È. Íàãèáîâè÷ (ÍÈÖ ÑòàÄèÎ) ÎÏÛÒ ÐÀÑ×ÅÒÍÎÃÎ ÎÁÎÑÍÎÂÀÍÈß ÍÀÏÐßÆÅÍÍÎ-ÄÅÔÎÐÌÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÎÃÎ ÑÎÑÒÎßÍÈß, ÏÐÎ×ÍÎÑÒÈ È ÓÑÒÎÉ×ÈÂÎÑÒÈ ÓÍÈÊÀËÜÍÛÕ ÇÄÀÍÈÉ ÏÐÈ ÏÐÎÅÊÒÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÈ È ÝÊÑÏÅÐÒÈÇÅ ...178 À.Ì. Áåëîñòîöêèé, Ñ.È. Äóáèíñêèé, È.Í. Àôàíàñüåâà (ÌÃÑÓ) ×ÈÑËÅÍÍÎÅ ÌÎÄÅËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÇÀÄÀ× ÑÒÐÎÈÒÅËÜÍÎÉ ÀÝÐÎÄÈÍÀÌÈÊÈ. ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÌÅÒÎÄÈÊ ÐÀÑ×ÅÒÀ ÂÅÒÐÎÂÛÕ ÂÎÇÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÉ È ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÐÅÀËÜÍÛÕ ÎÁÚÅÊÒΠ...182 À.Ì. Áåëîñòîöêèé, Ñ.È. Äóáèíñêèé (ÌÃÑÓ), À.À. Àóë(ÌÝÈ) ÂÅÐÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß ÏÐÎÃÐÀÌÌÍÛÕ ÊÎÌÏËÅÊÑΠÄËß ÐÅØÅÍÈß ÍÀÓÊÎÅÌÊÈÕ ÇÀÄÀ× ÑÒÐÎÈÒÅËÜÍÎÃÎ ÏÐÎÔÈËß ( ÑÈÑÒÅÌÅ ÐÀÀÑÍ). ÎÏÛÒ È ÏÅÐÑÏÅÊÒÈÂÛ ...186 À.Ì. Áåëîñòîöêèé, Ä.Ê. Êàëè÷àâà (ÌÃÑÓ) ÌÀÒÅÌÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÌÎÄÅËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÊÀÊ ÎÑÍÎÂÀ È Â ÑÎÑÒÀÂÅ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ ÌÎÍÈÒÎÐÈÍÃÀ ÍÅÑÓÙÈÕ ÊÎÍÑÒÐÓÊÖÈÉ ÇÄÀÍÈÉ È ÑÎÎÐÓÆÅÍÈÉ ...191 À.Ì. Áåëîñòîöêèé, Â.Í. Ñèäîðîâ, Ï.À. Àêèìîâ (ÌÃÑÓ) ÌÀÒÅÌÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÌÎÄÅËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÒÅÕÍÎÃÅÍÍÎÉ ÁÅÇÎÏÀÑÍÎÑÒÈ ÎÒÂÅÒÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÕ ÑÒÐÎÈÒÅËÜÍÛÕ ÎÁÚÅÊÒÎÂ È ÊÎÌÏËÅÊÑΠÌÅÃÀÏÎËÈÑΠ×ÀÑÒÜ 1: ÀÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÑÒÜ ÂÎÏÐÎÑÀ È ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÅ ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÛ ÌÎÄÅËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß ...197 À.Ì. Áåëîñòîöêèé, Â.Í. Ñèäîðîâ, Ï.À. Àêèìîâ (ÌÃÑÓ) ÌÀÒÅÌÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÌÎÄÅËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÒÅÕÍÎÃÅÍÍÎÉ ÁÅÇÎÏÀÑÍÎÑÒÈ ÎÒÂÅÒÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÕ ÑÒÐÎÈÒÅËÜÍÛÕ ÎÁÚÅÊÒÎÂ È ÊÎÌÏËÅÊÑΠÌÅÃÀÏÎËÈÑΠ×ÀÑÒÜ 2: ÑÎÂÐÅÌÅÍÍÛÅ ÌÅÒÎÄÛ ÌÎÄÅËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß, ÍÅÊÎÒÎÐÛÅ ÑÂÅÄÅÍÈß È ÐÅÊÎÌÅÍÄÀÖÈÈ ...204 Î.Â. Ãåîðãèåâñêèé, Þ.Í. Ôèëèí (ÌÃÑÓ) ÎÑÎÁÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ ÊÎÍÑÒÐÓÊÒÈÂÍÎÉ ÃÅÎÌÅÒÐÈÈ ÌÎÄÅËÈ ÈÍÔÎÊÓÁÀ ...210

Ã.À. Äæèí÷âåëàøâèëè, À.Â. Ñîñíèí, À.Â. Êîëåñíèêîâ, Ð.À. Äçåðæèíñêèé (ÌÃÑÓ) ÏÎÑÒÐÎÅÍÈÅ ÀÄÅÊÂÀÒÍÎÉ ÐÀÑ×ÅÒÍÎÉ ÌÎÄÅËÈ ÑÎÎÐÓÆÅÍÈß ÏÓÒÅÌ ÏÐÎÂÅÄÅÍÈß ÈÄÅÍÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈÎÍÍÎÃÎ ÝÊÑÏÅÐÈÌÅÍÒÀ ...215 Ã.À. Äæèí÷âåëàøâèëè, À.Â. Êîëåñíèêîâ, Ð.À. Äçåðæèíñêèé (ÌÃÑÓ) ÊÐÈÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÀÍÀËÈÇ È ÏÅÐÑÏÅÊÒÈÂÛ ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß ÑÎÂÐÅÌÅÍÍÎÉ ÒÅÎÐÈÈ ÑÅÉÑÌÎÑÒÎÉÊÎÑÒÈ ÑÎÎÐÓÆÅÍÈÉ ...221 Ò.Ì. Êîíäðàòüåâà, À.Â. Èâàùåíêî (ÌÃÑÓ) ÏÐÅÄÑÒÀÂËÅÍÈÅ ÏÐÎÅÊÒÈÂÎÃÐÀÔÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ×ÅÐÒÅÆÅÉ Â ÔÎÐÌÅ ÓÐÀÂÍÅÍÈß ÂÛÐÎÆÄÅÍÍÎÉ ËÈÍÈÈ N-ÃÎ ÏÎÐßÄÊÀ ..227 Ñ.Â. Êóçíåöîâ (ÈÏÌ ÐÀÍ, ÌÃÑÓ), À.Ý.Íàôàñîâ (ÌÃÑÓ) ÃÎÐÈÇÎÍÒÀËÜÀËÜÍÛÅ ÀÊÓÑÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÁÀÐÜÅÐÛ ÄËß ÇÀÙÈÒÛ ÎÒ ÂÈÁÐÀÖÈÎÍÍÛÕ È ÑÅÉÑÌÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÂÎÇÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÉ ...230 È.Ì. Ëåáåäåâà (ÌÃÑÓ) Î ÍÅÊÎÒÎÐÛÕ ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÀÕ ÒÅÊÑÒÓÐÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß ÈÇÎÁÐÀÆÅÍÈÉ ...235 Î. Â. Ìêðòû÷åâ (ÌÃÑÓ) ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÛ ÐÀÑ×ÅÒÀ ÇÄÀÍÈÉ È ÑÎÎÐÓÆÅÍÈÉ ÍÀ ÎÑÎÁÛÅ ÂÎÇÄÅÉÑÒÂÈß ...238 Î.Â. Ìêðòû÷åâ, Å.Ñ. Ìÿñíèêîâà (ÌÃÑÓ) ÍÀÄÅÆÍÎÑÒÜ ÔÓÍÄÀÌÅÍÒÍÛÕ ÊÎÍÑÒÐÓÊÖÈÉ ÍÀ ÍÅËÈÍÅÉÍÎ ÄÅÔÎÐÌÈÐÓÅÌÎÌ ÎÑÍÎÂÀÍÈÈ ...242 Î. Â. Ìêðòû÷åâ, Ä.Ñ. Ñèäîðîâ (ÌÃÑÓ) ÐÀÑ×ÅÒ ÎÃÍÅÑÒÎÉÊÎÑÒÈ ÂÛÑÎÒÍÎÃÎ ÇÄÀÍÈß ÏÐÈ ÏÎÆÀÐÅ ...246 Þ.Î. Ïîëåæàåâ, Ò.Â. Ìèòèíà (ÌÃÑÓ) ÑÎÎÒÍÎØÅÍÈß ÃÅÎÌÅÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÝËÅÌÅÍÒΠÊÂÀÄÐÀÒÓÐÛ ÊÐÓÃÀ  «ÏÎËÅ - Ì» ...250 Þ.À. Òàëûçîâà, Â.Ñ. Êóçíåöîâ (ÌÃÑÓ) ÂËÈßÍÈÅ ÊÐÓÒßÙÈÕ ÌÎÌÅÍÒΠÍÀ ÏÐÎ×ÍÎÑÒÜ ÐÈÃÅËÅÉ ÏÐÈ ÈÇÃÈÁÅ ...255

Òåõíîëîãèÿ ñòðîèòåëüíûõ ïðîöåññîâ Â.À. Áåëîâ, Þ.È. Ãóñòîâ (ÌÃÑÓ) ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÑÂÀÐÍÛÕ ÌÅÒÀËËÎÊÎÍÑÒÐÓÊÖÈÉ ÌÅÒÎÄÎÌ ÏÐÎ×ÍÎÑÒÍÎ – ÏËÀÑÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÏÎÊÀÇÀÒÅËÅÉ ....260 Â.À. Áåëîâ, Þ.È. Ãóñòîâ (ÌÃÑÓ) ÏÐÎ×ÍÎÑÒÍÎ-ÏËÀÑÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÏÎÊÀÇÀÒÅËÈ ÍÀÄÅÆÍÎÑÒÈ ÑÒÐÎÈÒÅËÜÍÛÕ ÑÒÀËÅÉ ÏÐÈ ÏÎÂÛØÅÍÍÛÕ ÒÅÌÏÅÐÀÒÓÐÀÕ ...264 Å.Â. Ãàíçåí (ÌÃÑÓ) ÝÂÎËÞÖÈß ÍÀÐÎÄÍÎÃÎ ÆÈËÈÙÀ ...269 Þ.È.Ãóñòîâ, È.Â.Âîðîíèíà (ÌÃÑÓ) ÝÍÅÐÃÎÒÎÏÎÃÐÀÔÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÌÅÒÎÄ ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈß ÈÇÍÎÑÎÑÒÎÉÊÎÑÒÈ ÐÀÁÎ×ÈÕ ÎÐÃÀÍÎÂ È ÑÎÏÐßÆÅÍÈÉ ÑÒÐÎÈÒÅËÜÍÎÉ ÒÅÕÍÈÊÈ...273 Þ.È.Ãóñòîâ, È.Â.Âîðîíèíà, Ê.À.Ëþáóøêèí (ÌÃÑÓ) ÌÅÒÎÄ ÎÖÅÍÊÈ ÄÅÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÎÍÍÎ- ÄÅÑÒÐÓÊÒÈÂÍÛÕ ÏÎÊÀÇÀÒÅËÅÉ ÄÅÒÀËÅÉ ÑÒÐÎÈÒÅËÜÍÎÉ ÒÅÕÍÈÊÈ...278 Ã.Ñ. Åëåñèí, È.Â. Ðóáöîâ, Â.À. Ãðîøåâ, Â.Ï. Ñàâóøêèíà (ÌÃÑÓ) ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÑÒÅÐÅÎÌÎÄÅËÈ Â ÃÎÐÎÄÑÊÈÕ ÃÅÎÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÎÍÍÛÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ ...282 Ì.Í. Åðøîâ (ÌÃÑÓ) ÝÐÃÎÍÎÌÈÊÀ ÐÓ×ÍÎÃÎ ÑÒÐÎÈÒÅËÜÍÎÃÎ ÈÍÑÒÐÓÌÅÍÒÀ. Ê ÂÎÏÐÎÑÓ Î ÂÛÁÎÐÅ ÎÏÒÈÌÀËÜÍÛÕ ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊ ËÎÏÀÒ, ÏÐÈÌÅÍßÅÌÛÕ Â ÑÒÐÎÈÒÅËÜÑÒÂÅ ...288 Í.Í. Æóðîâ, Ñ.Â. Êîìèññàðîâ (ÌÃÑÓ) ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ ÒÅÌÏÅÐÀÒÓÐÍÎ-ÏÐÎ×ÍÎÑÒÍÎÃÎ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËß ÁÅÒÎÍÀ  ÐÀÍÍÅÌ ÂÎÇÐÀÑÒÅ ...296 Ñ.Â. Êîìèññàðîâ, Ë.Â. Çèíåâè÷ (ÌÃÑÓ) Ê ÂÎÏÐÎÑÓ Î ÏÐÎÃÍÎÇÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÈ ÏÐÈÐÎÑÒÀ ÏÐÎ×ÍÎÑÒÈ ÁÅÒÎÍÀ  ÌÎÍÎËÈÒÍÛÕ ÊÎÍÑÒÐÓÊÖÈßÕ ÑÂÎÁÎÄÍÎ ÎÑÒÛÂÀÞÙÈÕ ÏÎÑËÅ ÐÀÑÏÀËÓÁÊÈ ...301

Î.È. Ðóáöîâ, À.Ë. Êðûæàíîâñêèé, Å.Ê. Êîíþõîâà, Ä.À. Êàññèí, Ì.Ñ. Ñàâèí (ÌÃÑÓ) ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈß “ÏÅÑÊÎÍÀÑÎÑ ”, ÎÁËÀÑÒÜ ÏÐÀÊÒÈ×ÅÑÊÎÃÎ ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÈß Â ÐÅØÅÍÈÈ ÇÀÄÀ× ÔÓÍÄÀÌÅÍÒÎÑÒÐÎÅÍÈß ...305 Î.È. Ðóáöîâ, À.Ë. Êðûæàíîâñêèé, Ì.Ñ. Ñàâèí, Í.Ñ. Ïðîõîðîâà (ÌÃÑÓ) ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈß ÓÑÒÐÎÉÑÒÂÀ ÏÅÑÊÎÂÏÐÅÑÑÎÂÀÍÍÛÕ ÑÂÀÉ ...311 È.Â. Ðóáöîâ, Î.È. Ðóáöîâ, Â.À. Ãðîøåâ, Ñ.ß. Íîâèêîâ, Ñ.Ê. Âàðëàìîâ (ÌÃÑÓ) ÝÊÑÏÅÐÈÌÅÍÒÀËÜÍÎÅ ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÑÒÅÏÅÍÈ ÏÎÂÛØÅÍÈß ÍÅÑÓÙÅÉ ÑÏÎÑÎÁÍÎÑÒÈ ÏÅÑ×ÀÍÛÕ ÃÐÓÍÒΠÎÑÍÎÂÀÍÈß ÏÐÈ ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÈÈ ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈÈ «ÏÅÑÊÎÍÀÑÎÑ» ...315 È.Â. Ðóáöîâ, À.Â. Êóõòà, Î.È. Ðóáöîâ, À.Ì. Ãàëóøêî (ÌÃÑÓ) ÍÅÊÎÒÎÐÛÅ ÎÑÎÁÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ ÌÎÍÈÒÎÐÈÍÃÀ ÁÎËÜØÅÏÐÎËÅÒÍÛÕ ÑÎÎÐÓÆÅÍÈÉ ...322 È.Â. Ðóáöîâ, È.À. Íàçàðîâ, Å.Ä. Ëàâðèíåíêî, Â.Ï. Ñàâóøêèíà (ÌÃÑÓ) Ó×ÅÒ ÒÅÌÏÅÐÀÒÓÐÍÛÕ ÄÅÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÉ ÏÐÈ ÃÅÎÄÅÇÈ×ÅÑÊÎÌ ÑÎÏÐÎÂÎÆÄÅÍÈÈ ÑÒÐÎÈÒÅËÜÑÒÂÀ ÂÛÑÎÒÍÛÕ ÌÎÍÎËÈÒÍÛÕ ÇÄÀÍÈÉ ...329 Ñ. Á. Ñáîðùèêîâ, È.Ì. Ìàðêîâà (ÌÃÑÓ) ÍÎÂÛÅ ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÎÍÍÛÅ ÑÕÅÌÛ ÐÅÀËÈÇÀÖÈÈ ÈÍÂÅÑÒÈÖÈÎÍÍÎ-ÑÒÐÎÈÒÅËÜÍÛÕ ÏÐÎÅÊÒΠ ÝÍÅÐÃÅÒÈ×ÅÑÊÎÌ ÑÅÊÒÎÐÅ ...335 Ñ. Á. Ñáîðùèêîâ, È.Ì. Ìàðêîâà (ÌÃÑÓ) ÒÅÎÐÅÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÇÀÊÎÍÎÌÅÐÍÎÑÒÈ ÔÎÐÌÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÎÍÍÎÉ ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÛ ÐÅÃÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß ÈÍÂÅÑÒÈÖÈÎÍÍÎ-ÑÒÐÎÈÒÅËÜÍÎÉ ÄÅßÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÈ ...341

ɄɈɇɐȿɉɌɍȺɅɖɇɕȿ ɉɈɅɈɀȿɇɂə ɊȺɁȼɂɌɂə

ɌɊȺɇɋɉɈɊɌɇɈɃ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ɆȿȽȺɅɈɉɈɅɂɋȺ

CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF

MEGAPOLIS TRANSPORT SYSTEM

Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɝɚɫɶɹɧɰ

A.A. Agasyants

The level of transport systems, the quality of transport services clearly reflect the charac-teristics of the socio-economic condition of the city and its agglomeration.

Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɲɥɨ ɢɡ ɤɪɢ-ɡɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ. Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ Ɇɨɫɤ-ɜɵ ɢ ɮɚɤɬ ɟɝɨ ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɧɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ. ɇɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɫɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɜ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɥɥɚɩɫɭ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ɫɬɚɝɧɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɜɵɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ. Ƚɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɬɨɥɢ-ɰɟ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɧɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦɢ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ, ɚ ɜɨɩɪɟɤɢ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɩɵɬɭ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɬɹɠɟɥɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɵ, ɞɥɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɫɥɭ-ɠɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 25-30 ɥɟɬ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɚɝɥɨ-ɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɹɝɨɬɟɸɳɢɦɢ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɣɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɦɢ Ɇɨɫ-ɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɭɪɛɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɫ-ɬɟɦɭ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɦɟɝɚɥɨɩɨɥɢɫɨɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɨɣ. ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ [3]. ɉɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ ɚɧɬɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ɬɚɤɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞ-ɧɢɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɟɡɞɤɢ ɜ 55 ɦɢɧ. ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɨ 75% ɱɚɫ-ɬɢ ɬɪɭɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ, ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɱɚɫ-ɬɢɜ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɨ 5 ɱɟɥ./ɦ2ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɫɚɥɨɧɚ (ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ - 8 ɱɟɥ./ɦ2ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ), ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɨɫɥɨɠɧɹɸɬ ɢ ɛɟɡ ɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ Ɇɨɫɤɜɭ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɫɬɨɥɢɰ ɪɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ, ɚ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ

ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɟɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɦɨɫɤɜɢɱɟɣ – ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ. Ɍɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɜɵɬɟɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɢɡ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɫ ɡɚɦɟɧɨɣ ɢɯ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɦɢ, ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɟɝɨ ɭɬɪɚɬɵ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜ-ɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɨɡɪɨɫɲɢɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɞɢ-ɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ - ɡɚɬɨɪɵ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɴɟɡɞɚɯ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪ, ɪɹɞɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢ-ɥɟɣ, ɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɟɡɠɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ, ɬɪɨɬɭɚɪɚɯ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɧɚɯ. Ⱦɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɣ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɫɤɢɣ (ɆɉɌ), ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ 1-2 ɩɨɥɨɫɚɦ ɫɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ 5-10 ɤɦ/ɱ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ. ɉɪɨɛɤɢ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɨɪɵ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɟɡ ɩɟɪɟɪɵɜɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɞɧɹ. ȼ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɧɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɵɟɡɞɚɯ ɢ ɜɴɟɡɞɚɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɦɨɫɤɜɢɱɟɣ ɜ ɡɚɥɨɠɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ. ɉɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ – ɷɬɨ ɨɲɢɛɨɱɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɚ ɚɜɬɨɩɚɪɤɚ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɜɩɟɪɟɞ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɩɟɪɟɠɚɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɩɭ-ɫɤɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɟɣ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ. Ʉ ɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢ-ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜɴɟɡɞɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢ-ɹɯ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɳɟɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɟɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ[4]. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɢ ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɩɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɭ ɆɄȺȾ, Ɍɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ, Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪ. ɢ ɞɪ. ɦɚɝɢɫɬ-ɪɚɥɟɣ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɥɢɡɤɭɸ ɤ ɧɭɥɸ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 12-14ɱ ɨɬ 300 ɬɵɫɹɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢ-ɥɟɣ, ɫ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɛɟɫɩɨɥɟɡɧɨ ɡɚɬɪɚɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɩɚɫɫɚ-ɠɢɪɚɦɢ, ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɩɪɨɫɬɨɹɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢ-ɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɆɉɌ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɛɟɫɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɭɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɚɜɬɨɫɬɨɹɧɨɤ ɢ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɟɡɠɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚ-ɥɟɣ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɲɤɨɦ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɟɥɨɫɢɩɟɞɚɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɫ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɟɥɨɫɬɨɹɧɨɤ ɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɬɶ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣ-ɤɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɛɟɫɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ-ɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ, ɨɮɢɫɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɨɣ ɠɢɥɨɣ ɡɚ-ɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɟɣ ɛɟɡ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɞɭɛɥɟɪɨɜ, ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɭ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɜɴɟɡ-ɞɨɜ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɫɬɨɹɧɨɤ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɡɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ, ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɯɟɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɹɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɰɟɧ-ɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ, ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɪɟɬɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɦɢ ɦɟɬɪɨɩɨɥɢɬɟɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɚɞɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɭɡɥɚɦɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɆɉɌ. ȼ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ: ɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨ, ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɭɫɬɪɨɟɧ-ɧɵɟ ɩɟɲɟɯɨɞɛɥɚɝɨɭɫɬɪɨɟɧ-ɧɵɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɫ ɩɨɩɭɬɧɵɦ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɞɨ

ɫɬɚ-ɰɢɣ ɦɟɬɪɨɩɨɥɢɬɟɧɚ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 250 ɦ, ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɩɟɲɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ ɨɫɬɚ-ɧɨɜɨɤ ɆɉɌ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɫɬɨɹɧɨɤ. ȼɫɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɨ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɚ-ɞɨɤ, ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬ ɩɨɟɡɞɨɤ ɢ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɟɞɢɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɟɡɞɧɨɦɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɭ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨ-ɞɢɦɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɸ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɭɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɆɉɌ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ, ɜɨɡɥɨɠɢɜ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɞɭɛɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɨɡɹɳɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ. Ɋɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɢ ɟɺ ɚɝ-ɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɦɟɝɚɥɨɩɨɥɢɫɟ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɚɫɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɨɞɧɨ-ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ ɦɟɬɪɨ-ɩɨɥɢɬɟɧɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ, ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɦ, ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɧɵɦ ɬɚɤɫɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ – ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɯɨɪɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫ-ɦɟɬɪɨɩɨɥɢɬɟɧɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɞɚ-ɱɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɳɢɬɨɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɡ-ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɯɨɪɞ, ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ 30-40 ɤɦ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɩɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɵɦ ɤɭɪɫɚɦ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜ 5-7 ɥɟɬ. ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɝɟɧɩɥɚɧɚ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ ɦɟɬɪɨɩɨɥɢɬɟɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɲɢɛɨɱɧɵɦ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɯɨɪɞɵ, ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɤɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ, ɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɫɚɞɨɱɧɵɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɤɡɚɥɚɯ, ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɚɯ, ɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɹɯ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɪɨ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɦɜɚɹ. Ʌɟɝɤɨɟ ɦɟɬɪɨ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɦɜɚɣ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫ-ɚɜɬɨɛɭɫ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛ-ɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɟɡɞɨɤ ɫ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɦ, ɫɥɟɞɭ-ɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ɩɨɜɵ-ɲɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. Ɇɢɧɢ-ɦɟɬɪɨ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɵ-ɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ, ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɡɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ - ɰɟɧɬɪɚ, ɱɬɨ, ɩɪɢ ɫɨ-ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɋɚɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ ɰɟɥɨɫɬ-ɧɭɸ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɰɟɥɨɫɬ-ɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɳɭɸ ɩɟɲɟɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɭɸ ɡɧɚɱɢ-ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɫɤɜɢɱɟɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɥɟɝɤɨɜɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɟɡ-ɞɨɤ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪ. ɗɬɨɦɭ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɵ ɡɚ ɥɸ-ɛɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɨɩɥɚɬɵ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɟɡɞ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɰɟɧɬɪ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɥɚɬɚ ɡɚ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɤɭ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɛɢɥɟɬɚ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɟɡɞ ɜ ɆɉɌ. Ɋɨɫɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɦɟɝɚɥɨɩɨɥɢɫɟ ɜɵɡɜɚɥ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜ-ɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɭɥɢɰɚɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɨɪɨɝɚɯ. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɨɣ ɛɥɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɹɫɚ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɛɟɡ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢ-ɬɢɹ ɦɟɫɬ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɚ, ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ. ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɩɨɟɡɞɨɤ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹɯ, ɜ ɦɚɪ-ɲɪɭɬɧɵɯ ɬɚɤɫɢ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɳɚɹ 50-60% ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɺɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɧɚ ɫɜɹɡɹɯ ɝɨɪɨɞ-ɩɪɢɝɨɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ, ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɟɬ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɮɟ-ɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɪɨɝɚɯ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɟɣ ɭɠɟ ɜ ɧɚ-ɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬ 40 - 60 ɬɵɫ. ɚɜɬ. ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ, ɱɬɨ ɜ 1,5-2 ɪɚɡɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɨɩɬɢ-ɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɫɧɢɠɟ-ɧɢɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɭɸ

ɫɪɟ-ɞɭ[1]. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸ-ɳɢɯ ɞɨɪɨɝ, ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɜ ɢɯ ɜ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɟ (ɦɧɨɝɨɰɟɥɟɜɵɟ) ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ ɫ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧ-ɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɜɵɞɟɥɟɧ-ɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɦɟɝɚɥɨɩɨɥɢɫɚ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɪɨɥɶ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɢɞɨ-ɪɨɜ[6]. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɨɫɬɪɵɣ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞ ɭɥɢɱɧɨ-ɞɨɪɨɠɧɭɸ ɫɟɬɶ, ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɹɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨ-ɞɢɦɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɝɤɨɜɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ, ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ, ɨɬ Ɍɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ ɞɨ ɆɄȺȾ ɫ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɞɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɝɨ-ɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɧɚ 10-15 ɤɦ. ȼ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɯɨɪɞɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɟɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɥɶɝɨɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ park+ride ɫ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɩɨɞɜɨɡɹɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɨɬɜɨɡɹɳɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 18-20ɱ [7]. Ɂɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɟɣ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɚɯ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɵɯ ɞɨɪɨɝ, ɧɚɞ ɧɢɦɢ, ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɧɢɯ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ. ɇɨɜɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɧɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢ-ɦɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ. Ⱥɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶ-ɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɬɶ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɪɚɫɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ–ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɹ-ɜɹɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɨɝɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɨɜ. ȼɞɨɥɶ ɬɪɚɫɫ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɨ-ɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɪɨɝ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ, ɦɨɬɟ-ɥɢ, ɝɪɭɡɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥɵ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɟ-ɪɢɮɟɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɫɦɹɝɱɢɬɶ ɦɨɧɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɪɚɫɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɭ-ɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɭɸ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɹɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬ-ɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɪɨɝ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ (Ɍɭɥɶɫɤɨɣ, Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ, ɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɨɣ, Ɍɜɟɪɫɤɨɣ), ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨ-ɛɥɟɦɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɞɨɪɨɝ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɟɠɦɭɧɢɰɢ-ɩɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɜɹɡɹɯ ɝɨɪɨɞ - ɩɪɢɝɨɪɨɞ-ɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɛɭɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭ-ɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ. Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ 1. Ⱥɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ: ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ. ɉɨɞ ɪɟ-ɞɚɤɰɢɟɣ ȼ.ɇ. Ʌɭɤɚɧɢɧɚ, Ʉ.-ɏ. Ʌɟɧɰɚ //Ɇ.: Ʌɨɝɨɫ,2002.- 607ɫ. 2. Ⱥɝɚɫɶɹɧɰ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ƚɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɪɨɝ. Ƚɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ. ȼɵɩ. 42 // Ʉɢɟɜ, Ȼɭɞɢɜɷɥɶɧɢɤ, 1990, ɫ. 57-64. 3. Ⱥɝɚɫɶɹɧɰ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. // «ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ XXI ɜɟɤɚ», ʋ12, 2000, ɫ.6 -7.

4. Ⱥɝɚɫɶɹɧɰ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ʉɪɢɡɢɫɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɝɨɪɨ-ɞɚɯ.// Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ʋ3 (ɦɚɪɬ)2006.-ɋ.64-65. 5. Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɝ.Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɞɨ 2025ɝ. // Ɇ.: Ɇɨɫɤɨɦɚɪ-ɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ, Ƚɍɉ ɇɂ ɢ ɉɂ Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ, 2008.-112ɫ. 6. Ⱥɝɚɫɶɹɧɰ Ⱥ.Ⱥ., ȼɢɥɶɧɟɪ Ɇ.ə. Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨ-ɪɚɫɫɟɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɪɤɚɫ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ – ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ // «ɋɨɰ.-ɷɤɨɧ. ɩɪɨɛɥ. ɪɚɡɜ. ɬɪɚɧɫ. ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɝɨɪɨɞ. ɢ ɡɨɧ ɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ»: Ɇɚɬɟɪ. XV Ɇɟɠɞ. ɧɚɭɱ.-ɩɪɚɤ. ɤɨɧɮ.- ȿɤ.: ɂɡɞ. ɍɪȽɗɍ, 2009.-ɋ.27- 41. 7. Ⱥɝɚɫɶɹɧɰ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɉɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɫɟɬɢ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɥɢɰ ɢ ɞɨɪɨɝ. ɋɬɪ. ɢ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤ-ɪɚ. Ɉɛɡ. ɢɧɮ.// Ɇ.: ɈȺɈ «ȼɇɂɂɇɌɉɂ», 2009.- ȼɵɩ.2.- 48ɫ. The literature

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6. Agasyants A.A., Vilner M.Y. Transportation and settlement framework of the Russian territory as the basis of innovative development of the country and its regions / / "Social-econ. probl. of de-velop. of the city trans. systems and their areas of influence: Material of XV Int. scientific prac-tice. conf .- Ek.: ed. UrGEU, 2009.-p.27-41.

7. Agasyants A.A. Threshold levels of intensity of traffic as a factor of qualitative changes in the development of the network of trunk roads and streets. Str. and arch. obz. info. / / Moscow: OAO VNIINTPI, 2009.-Issue 2 .- 48p.

Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɦɟɝɚɥɨɩɨɥɢɫ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɨɞɧɨ-ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɟ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɵɟ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ, ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫ-ɦɟɬɪɨɩɨɥɢɬɟɧ, ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫ-ɚɜɬɨɛɭɫ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ (ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸ-ɳɢɟ) ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ, ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɡɨɧɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬ, ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɵ.

Keywords: Megalopolis, transport systems, high-speed suburban-urban railways, express subway, express bus, the main (forming structure) lines, urban transport services, agglomerations, intercon-nected zones of the populated areas, localities, multimodal highways, transport corridors.

E-mail ɚɜɬɨɪɚ:[email protected]

Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬ: Ɂɚɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɚɹ Ⱥɫɹ ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜɧɚ. Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɚ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɐɇɂɂɉ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊȺȺɋɇ

ɈɉɌɂɆɂɁȺɐɂə ɋɈɋɌȺȼȺ ɂ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɂ ȻɈɊɌɈȼɈȽɈ

ɄȺɆɇə

KERBSTONE COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURING

TECHNIQUES OPTIMIZATION

Ɉ.ȼ.Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɚ, ɂ. ȼ.Ɇɵɪɡɚɯɚɧɨɜɚ

O. V. Aleksandrova, I. V.Mirzakhanova

In article it would be desirable to give special attention to influence of a small filler and its opti-mum choice in rigid concrete mixes.

Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɛɟɬɨɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɥɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɞɨɪɨɝɢɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɜɢɞɚ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɥɤɨɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟ-ɧɢɹ ɜɢɛɪɨɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɚɦɧɹ ɢ ɬɪɨɬɭɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɥɢɬɤɢ. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɵ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɛɪɨɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨ-ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɭɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɢ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɜ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢ-ɹɦ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢ-ɹɯ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ [2]. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɟɫɤɚ ɢ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ.1 ɢ 2. Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɦ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɦɟɥɤɨ-ɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɛɟɬɨɧɚɯ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ - ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɫɠɚɬɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ 10*10*10 ɫɦ ɦɟɥɤɨɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ, ɜɵɩɢɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ, ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɜɢɛɪɨɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɫ ɧɚɫɚɞɤɨɣ ɢ ɫ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɝɪɭɡɨɦ 10 Ʉɉɚ (100 ɤɝɫ/ɫɦ2)ɩɨ ȽɈɋɌ 10180. ȼ ɦɟɥɤɨɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɨɦ ɛɟɬɨɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɥɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɫɤɚ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨ-ɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɩɭɫɬɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ. ɂ ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɦ ɛɟɬɨɧɟ ɡɚɦɟɧɚ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɫɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ 5-10 %, ɬɨ ɜ ɦɟɥɤɨɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɨɦ ɛɟɬɨɧɟ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ 25-30 %, ɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ 1:2, 1:3, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ-ɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɹ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 2-3 ɪɚɡɚ[1]. Ɍɚɤ, ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ, ɢɡɝɨ-ɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦ ɩɟɫɤɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɧɚ 76 ɤɝɫ/ɫɦ2.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɟɫɤɚ ɋɵɱɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɪɶɟɪɚ ʋ ɩ/ɩ _{ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ} ȿɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɢɡɦɟɪɟ-ɧɢɹ Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚ-ɡɚɬɟɥɹ 1 ɑɚɫɬɧɵɟ/ɩɨɥɧɵɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɫɢɬɚɯ ɝ/% 2,5 9,18/9,18 1,25 21,76/30,94 0,63 34,83/65,77 0,315 30,4/95,91 0,16 3,19/99,1 <0,16 0,90/100 2 Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ - 3,01 3 ɇɚɫɵɩɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɝ/ɦ3 1450 4 ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ/ɦ3 2,54 5 ɩɭɫɬɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ % 48,3 Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ȼɨɫɤɪɟɫɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɬɥɚɧɞɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɉɐ 400-Ⱦ20 ʋ ɩ/ɩ ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ȿɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɢɡɦɟɪɟ-ɧɢɹ Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚ-ɡɚɬɟɥɹ 1 ɍɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɦ2/ɝ 3700 2 ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɭɫɬɨɬɚ % 23,6 3 ɋɪɨɤɢ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɱ.-ɦɢɧ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ 2-25 ɤɨɧɟɰ 3-55 4 ȼ/ɐ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ - 0,39 5 Ɋɚɫɩɥɵɜ ɤɨɧɭɫɚ ɦɦ 115 6 ɉɪɟɞɟɥ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɠɚɬɢɢ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ, ɫɭɬ. Ɇɉɚ 1 14,1 2 25,2 3 33,6 7 44,0 28 53,5 Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɵ ɧɚ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɬɨɧɤɢɯ ɩɟɫɤɚɯ. Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɜɢɛɪɨ-ɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ Ɇɋ –Bauchemie Mura-san BWA 16(Ɇɭɪɚɫɚɧ ȻȼɎ 16). ɗɬɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɳɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɟɦɨɫɬɶ, ɫɜɹɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ, ɩɪɢɞɚɟɬ ɢɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ. ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ȽɈɋɌ 7473-94 ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɟ ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɩɪɹɞɤɟ

ɡɚɝɪɭɡ-ɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ: «ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ-ɰɟɦɟɧɬ-ɜɨɞɚ». ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɪɢ-ɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 3. Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3. Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ 1 ɦ3_{ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ} ȼɢɞ ɦɟɥɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ 1 ɦ3 ȼ/ɐ ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ,_ɤɝ/ɦ3 ɐɟɦɟɧɬ, ɤɝ Ɇɟɥɤɢɣ ɡɚɩɨɥ-ɧɢɬɟɥɶ, ɤɝ ȼɨɞɚ, ɥ ɉɢɝɦɟɧɬ, % ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟ-ɦɟɧɬɚ (ɤɝ) ɉɟɫɨɤ ɋɵ-ɱɟɜɫɤɢɣ 420 1630 129 5 (21) 0,31 2179 ɉɪɢ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɤɪɚɫɹɳɟɝɨ ɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɜɜɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɫɤɨɦ [3]. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɠɚɬɢɢ ɢ ɢɡɝɢɛɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ 1 ɢ 28 ɫɭɬ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ (ɌȼɈ). Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 4. Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4. ɉɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɢɛɪɨɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɥɤɨɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɬɜɟɪ-ɞɟɧɢɹ ɉɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ, Ɇɉɚ, ɫɠɚɬɢɟ/ɢɡɝɢɛ, ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ, ɫɭɬ 1 2 3 4 5 ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ 19,5/2,7 27,8/4,1 35,7/4,3 48,9/5,6 56,0/6,4 ɌȼɈ 39,7/5.3 - - - 62,3/5,7 ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɦɟɫɨɜ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɟɫɤɨɜ (ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ 2,96, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɵɥɟɜɢɞɧɵɯ, ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɢ ɢɥɢɫɬɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ 0,9% ) ɫ ɨɩɬɢ-ɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɟɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɛɟɬɨɧɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɱ-ɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɩɟɫɤɨɦ (ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ 2,27, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɵɥɟ-ɜɢɞɧɵɯ, ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɢ ɢɥɢɫɬɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ 2,7%) , ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɨɧɟɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɨɪɨɡɨ-ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɰɟ-ɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɧɚ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦ, ɱɢɫɬɨɦ ɩɟɫɤɟ ɫ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚ-ɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɦɨɪɨɡɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɜ 200 ɰɢɤɥɨɜ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɦɨɪɨɡɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ Ʉɦɪɡ (ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɬɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹɦɢ) ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɧɚ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦ ɩɟɫɤɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ 100 ɢ 150 ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬ-ɬɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ (ɉɁɈ) ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1,05 ɢ 1,11 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ 200 ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɩɪɟ-ɜɵɲɚɟɬ 1. ɗɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ (ɩɪɨɞɨɥ-ɠɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ, ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɪɨɫɬ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ, ɫɚɦɨɡɚɥɟɱɢ-ɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɜ) ɧɚɞ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ (ɨɛɪɚɡɨɫɚɦɨɡɚɥɟɱɢ-ɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɶɞɚ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ-ɩɨɪɨɜɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɦɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ).

ȼɨɞɨɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ, ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦ ɩɟɫɤɟ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ. Ⱥ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ, ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɦɨɪɨɡɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶɸ, ɩɪɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɛɨɪɬɨɜɵɯ ɤɚɦɧɟɣ, ɬ.ɤ. ɨɧ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɪɨɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ. Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɢɰɟɜɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸ-ɳɟɦɫɹ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɧɚɫ ɦɢɪɟ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɫɟɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ. ɂɡ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɟɫɤɨɜ ɫ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɟ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɩɨɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ. ɑɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ. Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ 1. Ȼɚɠɟɧɨɜ ɘ.Ɇ., Ʉɨɦɚɪ Ⱥ.Ƚ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ. Ɇ., ɋɬɪɨɣɢɡɞɚɬ. 1984 2. ɒɚɞɪɢɧ Ⱥ.Ⱥ.ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɟɪɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɟɫɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɥɤɨɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨ-ɧɚ.//Ɇɟɥɤɨɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɵɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɵ. 1972 3.ɒɟɣɧɢɧ Ⱥ.Ɇ. ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɚ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ.// ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ-ɧɵɟ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ. 1974, ʋ6 The literature

1. Bajenov Yu. M., Komar A.G. Concrete and reinforced concrete products technology/ M. Stroyizdat. 1984

2. Sadrin A.A. Research grain composition of sand for small-grained concrete// Small- grained concrete, 1972

3. Shainin A.M. Concrete quality impronement by tne way of its composition selection//Highway, 1974.ʋ6

Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɦɟɥɤɨɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɵɣ ɛɟɬɨɧ, ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ, ɜɨɞɨɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ, ɜɨɞɨɩɨɝɥɨ-ɳɟɧɢɟ, ɜɢɛɪɨɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪ, ɤɚɦɟɧɶ ɛɨɪɬɨɜɨɣ, ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɨɪɨɡɨɫɬɨɣ-ɤɨɫɬɶ.

Keyword: small-grained concrete, filler, wafer-cement ratio, wafer adsorption, vibrocovpression, mod-ifier, rtrbstone, fineness modulus, frost resistance.

ɎɍɇɄɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɈ-ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɋɏȿɆȺ

ɌȺɆɈɀȿɇɇɈ-ɅɈȽɂɋɌɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋȺ ɈɋɈȻɈɃ

ɗɄɈɇɈɆɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɁɈɇɕ

ɉɊɈɆɕɒɅȿɇɇɈ-ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɌɂɉȺ

FUNCTIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEME OF

CUSTOMS AND LOGISTIC COMPLEX OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC

ZONE OF INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION TYPE

Ɉ.Ʌ. Ȼɚɧɰɟɪɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ʉɨɫɬɚ

O.L. Bantserova, A.A. Kosta

ȽɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɆȽɋɍ, ɅȽɌɍ

ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɨɛɵɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɨɧ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨ-ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨ-ɥɨɝɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ. The authors of the article proposed a theoretical model of functional and planning solution of customs and logistics system on basis of the study of special economic zones of industrial and production type of the Russian Federation.

ɇɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɜɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɟɝɨ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɷɩɨɯɭ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɪɟɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɦɢ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɜɵɯɨɞɹɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɛɴɺɦɧɨ-ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ. ɇɚɱɚɬɨɟ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ c ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɵ 2000-ɯ ɝɝ. ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɨɛɵɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɨɧ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨ-ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ (ɈɗɁ ɉɉɌ) ɭɠɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɧɧɢɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɜɵɹɜɢɥɨ ɫɭ-ɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɈɗɁ ɉɉɌ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɟɺ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɧ-ɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɱɺɬɚ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɫɨɰɢ-ɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɳɢɤɢ ɈɗɁ ɉɉɌ ɪɟɲɚɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨ-ɝɨ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨ-ɝɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤ-ɬɭɪɵ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨ-ɰɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɩɨ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɦɭ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɭ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɚɹ, ɧɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɫɩɨ-ɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɢ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ: ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ, ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ, ɥɨɝɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ

ɢɧɵɯ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɈɗɁ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɚɧɧɢɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɝɟ-ɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɈɗɁ. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɨɛɴɺɦɧɨ-ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɧɮɪɚ-ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɟ-ɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭ-ɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɯ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ. ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɜɵɲɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ, ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɫɜɹ-ɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɈɗɁ ɉɉɌ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɈɗɁ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɚ-ɦɨɠɟɧɧɨ-ɥɨɝɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ (ɌɅɄ), ɫɨɱɟɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɦɚ-ɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɸɞɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ, ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ, ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɩɨɝɪɭɡ-ɤɨɣ-ɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ, ɫɤɥɚɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɚɤɬɨɦ, ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨ-ɪɢɸ ɈɗɁ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɉɪɢɤɚɡ Ɏɟ-ɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɋɥɭɠɛɵ ɨɬ 9.08.2006ɝ ʋ 750 «Ɉɛ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɛɥɚɝɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɭ, ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɨɫɨɛɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ…». Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ, ɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɬɪɟɛɨ-ɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɚ, ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɟɞɢɧɨɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧ-ɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨ-ɥɨɝɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 1 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɌɅɄ, ɫɨ-ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɪɯɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɈɗɁ ɉɉɌ Ɋɨɫ-ɫɢɢ. ɉɨ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɭ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ. Ʉ ɧɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ (ɩɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚɦ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ): -ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɧɚ ɜɴɟɡɞɟ ɥɟɝɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ (ʋ 1); -ɫɤɥɚɞ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ (ʋ 3); -ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɦɨɠɧɢ (ʋ 4); - ɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɢ (ʋ 5); -ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɜɟɫɨɦ (ʋ 6); -ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɵɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ (ʋ 7); -ɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɯ ɜɚɝɨɧɨɜ ɫ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟ-ɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɦ (ʋ 8); -ɨɬɤɪɵɬɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ-ɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɢ ɭɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ, ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɡɥɨɜɵɦ ɤɪɚɧɨɦ (ʋ 10). ȼ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɌɅɄ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɚɡɚ (ʋ 9) ɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɟ ɞɟɩɨ (ʋ 10), ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɧ-ɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ. ɇɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɧɢ, ɨɝɪɚɠɞɺɧɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɭ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɭɝɥɨɫɭɬɨɱ-ɧɚɹ ɨɯɪɚɧɚ: ɜɟɞɺɬɫɹ ɜɢɞɟɨɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɜɴɟɡɞɨɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɪɭɡɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɫ-ɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ. ȼ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɢ ɲɥɚɝɛɚɭɦɵ.