岡 山 醫 學 會 雜 誌 第 四百 二 十 三 號 大 正 十 四 年 四 月 三 十 日發 行
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(2) -412-. Under above consideration, I examined the relation between glycosuria, hyperglycemia and the glycogen-formation in gastro-intestinal mucous membrane in various cases of experimental glycosuria.. In the report no. I,18)I investigated systematically the re. lation between the glycogen-formation in case of peripheral glycosuria caused by ad renalin injection and glycosuria and hyperglycemia.. In the report no. II,18) I also. examined the relation between the glycogen-formation by sugar administration in various ways and glycosuria and hyperglycemia. In the present paper, I am going to observe the relation between the glycogen-formation in the cental glycosuria caused by diuretin injection and diabetic puncture and in the renal glycosuria due to phloridzin injection and glycosuria and hyperglycemia.. II. It was already. The membrane compared. relation. described. between. in matured. Material. Methods.. in the preceding. paper. III.. rabbit.. Matured. the appearance. rabbit. and. and glycosuria. with this investigation.. However. of glycogen. and so will not be detailed here.. in the gastro-intestinal. and hyperglycemia it was already. is very. mucous. important. as. detailed in the report no. I.. IV. Diuretin injection. Experiment. No.. I.. In 1895, Jacoby1) observed that an injection of coffein and theobromin on rabbit previously fed with nutrient rich in carbo-hydrate caused glycosuria and named it "re nal glycosuria." Later, Richtei2) noticed the occurence of hyperglycemia and diminu tion of glycogen in the liver in case of diuretin glycosuria and opposed to Jacoby's view.. He presumed that it is so-called liver glycosuria due to the increasing of liver. glycogen-resolvent. Still later, Rose3) experienced that the appearance of hypergly cemia is resulted prior to glycosuria and assumed hyperglycemia to be primary and glycosuria, secondary. Considering the fact that glycosuria is not caused by diuretin injection on rabbit of bilaterally splanchnectomized and that Ecghard's experiment on diabetic puncture is quite agreed with his, Pollak4) concluded that in diuretin glycosu 2.
(3) - 413-. ria, the lant. sugar-centre. coming. in the. through. the. way. liver-glycogen-resolvent. nerve. alone. glycemia centre this. nor. process. renal. glands. to the the on. and both. he pointed sides. occasion,. that. out. either. glands that. of supra-renal. Bang6). by diuretin. nerve, finally. of supra-renal. liver-glycogen-resolvent this. is stimulated. splanchnic. experienced. of both. glycosuria. oblongata. of the. Nishi5). or removal. reaches. medulla. the. not. that. cause. diuretin. originated. is concerned in the liver in diuretin hyperglycemia.. hyper. in the sugar nerve. On the function. the increasing. of. of left splanchnic. via left splanchnic. increased.. this stimu. the increasing. section. the stimulant. is finally claimed. causes. does. glands. and. of adrenalin. and by of supra secretion. Against Bang's theory, however,. Nishi could not observe any substance in the blood which dilates the pupils and Tren denburg7) observed that the hyperglycemia. due to adrenalin injection is always ac. companied by marked high blood-pressure but diuretin hyperglycemia vice versa.. On. the contrary, Fujii8) noticed that in diuretin hyperglycemia, chromaffin-substance of suprarenal glands is decreased and that after splanchnics denervation, there is no ap pearance of diuretin glycosuria nor alteration of chrorn-affin substance. Still, Miculi cich9)remarked that hirdin which keeps adrenalin hyperglycemia and glycosuria under control. does. cosuria. and. not. act. diuretin. remarkably. restless,. stimulation. on the. on. diuretin. glycosuria. glycosuria.. Having. Bang10) assumed sugar-centre. that. by diuretin. so-called psychical hyperglycemia.. but. ergotoxin. observed diuretin. the. acts animal. hyperglycemia. but it may presumably. on. both adrenalin. in experiment. gly. becomes. is not due to the direct corresponds. with the. Morita,11) however, opposed from the view point. of his experiment that diuretin hyperglycemia is demonstrated on rabbit previously re moved of its brain. Summarriging above views, the following theory is to be gene rally achnowledged that in diuretin hyperglycemia and glycosuria, the sugar-centre is stimulated by diuretin injection and its stimulant reaches to the liver through splanch nic nerve. 6% Diuretin was subcutaneously injected in the abdomen with a dose of 10c.cm per kilo-grams of body weight and the examination was made in the lapse of one, two, three, four, five, seven, twelve and 24 hours. The glycosuria and hyperglycemia were examined twice just before injection and at the time of sacrificing animals. is shown in the table 1. Experiment The. similar. experiment. was. repeated Experiment. The 3. similar. experiment. was. repeated. No. here No. here. II. and. its. result. is as table. 2.. III. and. its result. as table. 3.. It.
(4) -414-. Table 1. Experiment I (Diuretin Injection). Glycosuria; From one to seven hours after injection, positive; and after 12 hours, negative. Blood-sugar; It is already increased an hour after injection and it reaches to the maximum after 3-4 hours and gradually comes down until it reaches to normal after 12 hours. Glycogen; The Best's positive result is obtained in the mucous membrane of the stomach and of the pylorus in all cases and it entirely agrees with that of the report no. I or no. II. In hyperglycemia, from one to seven hours after injection, there shows a remarkable glycogen-formation in the epithelial cells of the cecum mucous membrane and on this occasion, glycogen was also somewhat markedly demonstrated after 12 hours. There are generally seen the fine granules accumulated in the free ends of the epitherial cells and rather coarse granules coalesced in the basal ends of the same cells. The glycogen is slightly found in the duodenum and appendix vermiformis. The epithelial cover-cells of the ileo-cecal lymph apparatus al ways presents glycogen but the jejunum, ileum and colon do not present any glycogen.. Table 2. Experiment II (Diuretin Injection). 4.
(5) -415-. Glycosuria; After one hour it is negative, but from 2 to 12 hours, it is positive. Blood-sugar; It is already increased an hour after injection and it reaches to the maximum after 3 hours and gradualy lowerd until it nearly returns to normal after 12 hours and reaches to normal after 24 hours. Glycogen; In hyperglycemia, from.one to 7 hours after injection, there displays a remarkable glycogen-forma ton in the epithelial cells of the cecum mucous membrane and this quite agrees with the result of the pre vious experiment. On this occasion, the glycogen is somewhat markedly observed in the cecum after 24 hours and slightly in the epithelial cover-cells of the ileum lymph apparatus after 3 hours.. Table 3. Experiment III (Diuretin Injection). Summarizing experiments. tive only. On after five. the. above. experiment,. this. occasion,. however,. 5. and. result. the. is agreed. glycogen. with. the. in the cecum. previous. was in the. two nega. hours.. V.. In 1854. the. 1855,. Diabetic. puncture.. Experiment. No. I.. Cl. Bernard12). observed. hyperglycemia. by. means. of puncture.
(6) -416-. at the middle point of the line between the origins of the auditory nerve and the vagus in the fourth ventricle of medulla oblongata and designated it "sugar-centre.". Ac. cording to his view, the puncture at the point on the median line just near the start ing point of the auditory nerve causes diuresis but not hyperglycemia. On the con trary, the puncture at the point on the median line quite near the starting point of the. vagus. both. causes. splanchnic. sugar-centre. glycogen more,. observed. keeping. vation. on. observed the. the. the. the. the. stimulation,. supra-renal. and. yet. that. the. glycosuria. sugar. does. in starvation. for. disappeared by. stimulation sugar. it is not,. the. after. a long the on. puncture. comes. however,. or directly. to the. from. determined. that. followed. in the blood. the denervation. by. the sugar-centre. content. of the sugar-centre in urin. even. not appear. liver-glycogen caused. ascertained. hyperglycemia,. punctured. of the. glands. no. Eckhard13). F. W. Dock14). glycosuria. origin. versa.. experienced. animal. rabbit,. vice. causes. that. the. follows; 1. 2.. nerves. is disappeared he. ments,. result. Cl. Bernard. after. but. the. the. time.. After. sugar-centre the. is increased.. of the. four. and. control. liver Further. no. days. star. glycosuria. By these. experi. can be explained. through. liver-glycogen. whether. or five. animal.. of. was punctured. found. sugar-centre. transmits. puncture. was punctured,. even the sugar-centre. of. the splanchnic As. it reaches. to the. nerve,. process. secondarily. as. of. to the. liver.. The method of puncture of the sugar-centre was followed to Eckhard's and examination was made after two, four, six, eight, twelve and 24 hours. The glycosuria and hyperglycemia were observed twice just before puncture and at the sacrifice time. The following table shows it.. Table 4. Experiment I (Diabetic Puncture). 6.
(7) - 417-. Glycogen; From 2 to 8 hours after puncture, positive; and after 12 hours, negative. Blood-sugar; It is increased from 2 to 8 hours after puncture and it returns to normal after 12 hours. Glycogen; The Best's positive result is obtained in the mucous membrane of the stomach and of the pylorus in all cases and it entirely agrees with that of the previous experiment due to the diuretin injection. In hyper glycemia, from two to eight hours after puncture, there shows a remarkable glycogen-formation in the epithelial cells of the cecum mucous membrane. There are generally seen the fine glanules accumulated in the free ends of the epithelial cells and somewhat coarse granules coalesced in the basal-ends of the same cells. In the appendix vermiformis, the glycogen is somewhat remarkably found after 2 to 4 hours and slightly afte 12 hours. The epithelial cover-cells pf the ileo-cecal lymph apparatus always present gly cogen but the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon do not present any glycogen.. Experiment. No.. II.. The similar experiment was repeated here and its result is as follows. Table 5. Experiment II (Diabetic Puncture). Glycosuria; Blood-sugar;. From 2 to 8 hours after puncture, positive; and in addition, it is a trace after 12 hours. It is increased from 2 to 8 hours after puncture and it returns to normal after 12 hours and this. agrees with that of the previous experiment. Glycogen; In hyperglycemia from 2 to 8 hours after puncture, there displays a remarkable glycogen-formation in.the epithelial cells of the cecum mucous membrane and this is quite agreed with that of the previous ex periment. On this occasion, the glycogen is also slightly observed in the cecum after 12 hours aml 24 hours. In the epithelial cover-cells of ileo-lymph apparatus, the glycogen is relatively reiuarkable after 24 hours.. Experiment The 7. similar. experiment. was. repeated. No. here. III. and. its result. is as follows..
(8) -418-. Table 6. Experiment III (Diabetic Puncture). Summaringing. the. above. experiments,. it is almost. agreed. with. the. previous. two. experiments.. VI. Phloridzin injection. Experiment. No.. I.. v. Mehring15) found that on the occasion of phloridzin administration on human being or on animal, the glycosuria appears remarkably. In the phloridzin glycosuria, Mikonski16) observed that the sugar content in blood is not increased, but contrarily, it is frequently diminisched. the. renal-artery,. more. marked. the and. quicker. that. the. he concluded ledged. by. urin. many. Zuntz17) experienced that by injection of phloridzin into. comes than. phloridzin. from that. the. kidney. comes. acts. from. directly. of the same the. upon. side,. untouched the. displays. kidney. kidney.. This. and. glycosuria therefore,. fact is acknow. authorities.. Phloridzin was subcutaneously injected in the dorsal region with the dose of 0.2g. per kilo-grams of body weight and examined after one, two, three, four, five, seven, twelve and 24 hours.. The glycosuria and hypergly. cemia were observed twice just before injection and at the sacrifice time. The table 7 shows it. Summarizing experiments. on. the normal. above. experiments,. it almost. agrees. with. that. of the. previous. rabbits. 8.
(9) -419-. Table 7. Experiment I (Phloridzin Injection). Glycosuria; From one to 12 hours after injection, positive; and after 24 hours, negative. Blood-sugar; It is not increased in all cases. Glycogen; The Best's result is obtained in the mucous membrane of the stomach and of the pylorus in all. cases and it entirely agrees with that of the diuretin injection and diabetic puncture. The glycogen is slightly observedin the cecum after 4 hours and in the appendix vermiformis after one, four and seven hours. In the epithelial cover-cellsof the ileo-cecallymph apparatus, the glycogenalways presents, how ever,in the duodenum,jejunum,ileum and colon, it is in the negative.. Experiment. No.. II.. The similar experiment was repeated here and its result is as follows. Table 8. Experiment II (Phloridzin Injection). 9.
(10) -420-. Glycosuria; Blood-sugar; Glycogen;. From one to 12 hours, positive and this agrees with that of the previous experiment. It is not increased in all cases and this agrees with that of the previous experiment. It is almost. agreed with that of the psevious experiment.. Experiment The. similar. experiment. Table. Summarizing vious. two. the. was. 9.. above. repeated. No. here. III. and. its. Experiment. III (Phloridzin. experiment,. the. result. result. almost. is as follows.. Injection). agrees. with that. of the pre. experiments.. VII. Summariging. the above various. Summary. experimental. results,. in hyperglycemia,. glycogen 10.
(11) -421-. appears evidently in the mucous membrane of the alimental-canal, particularly of the cecum as it is similarly seen on the occasion of report no. I and no. II.. In renal. glycosuria due to phloridzin injection, there occurs no hyperglycemia and the amount of glycogen is almost same as that of the normal rabbit. The size, location and ar rengement. of the. fi ne granules coarse. glycogen-granules. are. accumulated. granules. be a special. coalesced. in the. the. membrane. mucous. proved. in the. cover. of the. there. cells.. the. ileo-cecal. duodenum. cellss. and may. one. the. lymph. and. cases. This on. cecum,. in all. in the. the. somewhat presumably. side. of the. cells. glycogen. is observed. apparatus. and some. in addition,. and. and. in. it is infrequently. epithelial. cover. cells. of. apparatus.. In central-glycosuria, membrane. same. vermiformis. of the. epithelial. accumulating. of the. VIII. 1.. of the. besides. appendix. similar. of the. granules. cells. membrane. practically. ends. basalends. hyperglycemia,. epithelial. mucous. the ileo lymph. also. free. of glycogen. In. remarkably. in the. in the. phenomenon. by alkohol-fixation.. are. of the. is schown. there. is seen. alimental-canal, no. definite. Conclusions. the. glycogen-formation. particularly. alteration. in the. as compared. marked. cecum, with. in the mucous. but in renal-glycosuria,. that. of the. normal. adult. rabbit. 2.. The tion. glycogen-formation with. hyperglycemia.. of the. blood-sugar. cecum. mucous. Tanabe.. are. the. mucous. occasion into. cells. membrane. glycogen. this. point. of the. excessive. sugar. to acknowledge. my. has. of hyperglycemia,. the. Considering. of the. I wish. cecum. transformed. the epithelial. as a regulator. In ending,. On. membrane.. in hyperglycemia, role. in the. an intimate. it is obvious. in the. epithelial. of view, it may. cecum. mucous. content. in the. indebtedness. connec that. cells. some of the. be concluded. membrane. that. play a certain. blood.. to Profs.. O. Tamura. and. H .. (Received on 6th Feb. 1925). Literature. 1) Jacoby, Arch. f. exp. path. u. pharm., Bd. 35, 1895. 1898. 3) Rose, Arch. f. exp. path. u. pharm., Bd. 50, 1903. Nishi,. Ebenda, Bd. 61, 1909.. pharm., Bd. 63, 1892. 8) u. pharm., Bd. 69, 1912. 10) 11. 6). 2). Bang, Der Blutzucker, 1913.. 4). Richter, Zeitschr. f. kl. med., Bd. 35, Pollak, ebenda, Bd. 61, 1909. 5) 7) Trendelenburg, Arch . f. path. u.. Fuju, Tohoku igaku zasshi, Bd. 3, 1918. Bang, Biochem. zeitschr., Bd. 65, 1914.. 9) Miculicich, 11) Morita,. Arch. f. exp. path. Arch. f. exp. path..
(12) -422-. u. pharm., Bd. 78, 1915. 12) Cl. Bernard, Zit. nach Pfluger'sArch., Bd. 96, 1903. 13) Eckhard, Zit. nach Bang's der Blutzucker,1913. 14) Dock, Zit. nach Pfluger'sArch., Bd.96, 1903. 15) v. Mehring, Zritschr. f. k1. med., 16, 1893. 16) Minkcwski, Arch. f. exp. path. u. pharm., Bd. 31, 1893. 17) Zuntz, Arch. f. Anat. u. physiol.,1895. 18) Mas: Fujihara, The Okayama-Igakkai-Zasshi, No. 409 a. 417, 1924.. Description. of plates.. Figure No. I. Cecummucousmembrane3 hours after Diuretin-injection. Figure No. II. Cecummucousmembrane2 hours after Phloridgin-injection. Figure No. III. Cecummucousmembrane4 hours after Diabetic-puncture.. der Wismut ○蒼鉛 口内炎 ノ組織的竝 ニ實驗的研究. Strempel u. Armuzzi, Zur Histopathologie stomatitis mit experimentellen Beitragen. (Dermat. Zeitschr. Bd. 42 H. 1, 1924.) 蒼 鉛 ハ化 學的 ニ純 粋 ナ ル次 硝 酸 蒼鉛 ナル形 ニ於 テ ハ 之 チ大 量 内 服 スル モ殆 ン ド危 險 ナル中 毒症 状 ヲ現 ハ サ メ 大 部分 硫 化 水 素 ト結 合 シ 硫 化 蒼鉛 トナ リ テ 腸 管 ヨ リ排 泄 セ ラ ル ル.事ハ己 ニ明 カ ナ リ. Meyer, Steinfeld 兩 氏 ハ溶 解 性 蒼 鉛 ノ複 鹽 テ動 物 ノ皮 下 ニ用 ヒ テ全 身 竝 ニ局 所 ノ重 篤 ナ ル中毒 症 状 テ惹 起 セ シメ タ リ.致 死 量 ヲ與 フ レ バ中 樞 神 經 系 ノ障 碍 チ來 シ 少 量 ナ ラ バ 主 トシ テ腸,腎 臟及 ビ口腔 ノ變 化 チ起 ス.蒼 鉛 ノ驅 黴 療 法 中 ニ屡 々遭 遇 ス ル ハ 口内 炎 ナ リ.該 口 内炎 ニ ハ單 純 ナ ル蒼 鉛 齒 銀 洗 着 ヨ リ潰 瘍 性 炎 症 ニ至 ル迄 種 々 ノ階 梯 ア ル モ廣 汎 性 ノ變 化 ハ唯 動 物 實 驗 ニ際 シテ ノ ミ見 ヲ ル. 「サ ル フル サ ン」及 ビ蒼 鉛 ノ併 用療 法 ヲ施 セ ル 二 人 ノ患 者 ニ於 テ 一 ハ齒齦 ノ蒼 鉛 沈 著 部 テ 他 ハ左 頬 粘 膜 ヨ リ蒼 鉛 斑 チ切 除檢 索 セル ニ 上皮 二 ハ強 度 ノ浮 腫 ア リテ其 ノ細 胞 ハ退化 現 象 チ呈 シ,蒼 鉛 ハ主 トシ テ 乳 頭體 ノ 尖 端 ニ沈 着 セ リ.毛 細 管 ノ内 皮 細 胞 モ亦 一 部 分 暗 色 ノ顆 粒 ヲ含 有 セ シ モ上 皮 ニ ハ之 テ認 メ ズ. 次 ニ頬 粘 膜 ニ限 局 性 潰 瘍 性 ノ 口内 炎 ヲ呈 セ ル者 ニ就 キ切 除 研 索 セ ル ニ 潰 瘍 周 圍 ノ上 皮 ハ上 述 ノ所見 ニ類 似 シ潰 瘍 ノ領 域 ニハ上皮 缺損 シ潰 瘍 底 面 ニ ノ組 織 頽 敗物,白 血球,竝 ニ 多數 ノ細 菌 ガ充 滿 セ リ.乳 頭 ノ爾 ホ存 在 ス ル部 ニ 於 テ ハ蒼 鉛 沈 著 シ,或 ハ毛 細 管壁 ニ或 ハ其 内皮 細 胞 中 ニ在 リ.然. レ ドモ上 皮 ニ ハ其痕 跡 ヲ毛見 ズ.. 壞 疸 部 ニ 於 デ ハ蒼 鉛 ノ沈 着 著 明 ナ リ. 廣 汎 性 壞疸 性 口 内 炎 ハ上 述 ノ如 ク犬 ニ於 テ見 ヲ レ比 較 的 少 量 ノ蒼 鉛 チ與 ヘ タ ル後 突 如 トシ デ現 ハル. 諸 家 ノ實 驗 ニ依 レパ汞 毒 性 口内 炎 ノ發 生 ニ對 シ デ ハ口腔 内 ノ腐 敗 現 象 ニ依 テ硫 化 水素 ガ發 生 シ糜 爛 セル 或 ハ弛 緩 セ ル粘 膜 ヲ通 シ テ瓦斯 ガ吸 收 セ ヲ レ毛細 管 内 ニ硫化 水銀 が沈 着 ス ル 冠ノ ニ シテ之 レガ爲 ニ組 織 ノ循 環 及 ビ營 養 ノ障 碍 等 チ來 ス モ ノ チ リ.蒼 鉛 性 口 内炎 モ 同 樣 ノ條 件 ノ下 ニ起 ル.血 管 内 ニ沈 着 セ ル硫 化蒼 鉛 ハ 毛 細 管 ニ限 局 性 ノ機 械 的 及 ビ化 學 的 中 毒 作 用 テ及 ボ ス.然 ヲ ズ.即. レ ドモ蒼 鉛 性 口内 炎 ハ是 レノ ミニ ヨ リテ起 ル ニア. チ蒼 鉛 ガ中 樞 神經 系 テ侵 シ血 管 運動 神 經 チ介 シテ血 管 ヲ麻 痺 セ シ ム ル事 モ關係 シ,尚 ホ個 人 ノ體 質. 竝 ニ蒼 鉛 ニ對 ス ル感 受 性 チ モ顧 ミ ル ベ キ ナ リ.必 Almkvist氏. メ シ モ蒼 鉛 ノ絶 對 量 ニ ハ依 ヲズ.. が 水 銀 ニ實驗 セ ル ト同樣 ニ著者 ハ蒼 鉛 チ注 射 セ ル家 兎 ニ 口粘 膜 ヲ亂 切 シテ硫 化 水素 ヲ通 ジ口. 内 炎 が發 生 ス ル ヤ否 ヤ ヲ檢 シ タ ル モ不成 功 ニ終 レ リ.(皮,内. 田抄) 12.
(13) Fig. 1.. Fig. 2.. Fig. 3..
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