Culture and S o c i e t y in Asia V (Course O u t l i n e )
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IMPORT 必 何 NOTICE
At t h i s c l a s s , E n g l i s h i s used m a i n l y . But some c o u r s e m a t e r i a l s a r e i n both English and Japanese.
(この講義は英語で行われる。試験も英語で行われる。一部の資料では英語と日本語が用い られる。英語を学ぶのではなく、英語を使って領土と領土教育を学ぶ。)
Exchange s t u d e n t s a r e welcomed h i g h l y and warmly , and can u s e E n g l i s h .
(交換留学生の履修も歓迎する。一年程度、日本語を勉強したことがあれば、この授業を理 解することができる。)
Purposes o f t h i s c l a s s : t o u n d e r s t a n d :
1 . Wh a t i s t e r r i t o r y ?
2 . Wh a t and how t e r r i t o r y i s d e f i n e d ? Land , Sea , Ai r ( a e r o s p a c e ) and s p a c e .
3 . Wh a t i s i l t e r r i t o r i a l e d u c a t i o n a t elementary s c h o o l , j u n i o r h i g h s c h o o l and high s c h o o l l e v e l s i n Japan?
For t h e s e purposes , we w i l l i n t r o d u c e and d i s c u s s :
1 . t h e . e x a c t d e f i n i t i o n o f t e r r i t o r y from l e g a l a s p e c t . We w i l l NOT t a k e h i s t o r i c a l a p p r o a c h .
2 . t h e d i 宜 e r e n c ebetween l e g a l approach and h i s t o r i c a l a p p r o a c h . 3 . t h e t e r r i t o r i a l e d u c a t i o n i n Japan.
Case s t u d y :
C h i n a ' s a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e South China Sea
t h e US's and J a p a n ' s r e a c t i o n s t o C h i n a ' s a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e South China Sea NOTICE
1 . e v a l u a t i o n
The e v a l u a t i o n o f t h i s c l a s s depends on t h e term ‑ e n d w r i t t e n e x a m i n a t i o n . I t s d e t a i l s w 出 bee x p l a i n e d l a t e r .
( F o r exchange s t u d e n t s , t h e e v a l u a t i o n may depend on t h e term
畑endr e s e a r c h p a p e r . ) Your a t t e n d a n c e o f t h i s c l a s s may NOT be c o n s i d e r e d .
2 . how t o c o n t a c t
You have t o u s e i n t e r n a l web s i t e (学内ポータルサイト).
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Culture and S o c i e t y i n Asia
1 . T o d a y ' s key words and p o i n t s
The d e 五 n i t i o no f s o v e r e i g n t e r r i t o r y o f t h e s t a t e
A p r i l 25 , 2016 Mizuno Mitsuaki
The s o v e r e i g n t e r r i t o r y o f t h e s t a t e c o n s i s t s o f 1 ) t e r r i t o r i a l l a n d o r land , 2 ) a i r s p a c e o r a i r and 3 ) t e r r i t o r i a l waters
1 ) t e r r i t o r i a l l a n d o r land
t h e p l a c e where s o v e r e i g n power o f a c o u n t r y o r n a t i o n e x i s t s . 2 ) a i r s p a c e o r 国 r
The a i r s p a c e c o n s i s t s o f 1 ) c o n t r o l l e d a i r s p a c e and 2 ) u n c o n t r o l l e d a i r s p a c e . The d i f f e r e n c e between c o n t r o l l e d a i r s p a c e and u n c o n t r o l l e d a i r s p a c e i s whether a i r p l a n e s i s c o n t r o l 1 ed o r n o t .
3 ) t e r r i t o r i a l waters
The t e r r i t o r i a l waters , o f t e n t h e s e a , i s a b e l t o f c o a s t a l waters e x t e n d i n g a t most 1 2 n a u t i c a l m i 1 e s from t h e b a s e l i n e o f a c o a s t a l s t a t e ( u s u a l l y t h e mean low'water m a r k ) .
F o r e i g n s h i p s ( b o t h m i l i t a r y and c i v i l i a n ) a r e a l 1 0wed i n n o c e n t passage through i t .
As f o r t h e t e r r i t o r i a l waters , we wi l 1 d i s c u s s them more l a t e r . 領域にかんする主要用語集
s o v e r e i g n t e r r i t o r y o f t h e s t a t e : 領域、国家の主権が及ぶ領域 l a n d o r t e r r i t o r i a l l a n d : 領 土
a i r s p a c e o r a i r : 領空
c o n t r o l l e d a i r s p a c e : 管制空域 (航空管制の実務) u n c o n t r o l l e d a i r s p a c e : 非管制空域 (航空管制の実務) t e r r i t o r i a l waters o r s e a : 領 海
n a u t i c a l
、m i l e s : 海里
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Culture and S o c i e t y in Asia
May 8 , 2016
1 . T o d a y ' s p o i n t s :
To understand t h e key terms on w a t e r s .
2 . b a s e 1 i n e , i n t e r n a 1 w a t e r s , t e r r i t o r i a 1 s e a , c o n t i g u o u s . z o n e , E x c l u s i v e Economic Zone , i n t e r n a t i o n a 1 waters
a ) b a s e l i n e 基 線
Normally , t h e b a s e l i n e from which t h e t e r r i t o r i a 1 s e a o r water i s measured i s t h e 1 o w ' w a t e r 1 i n e a 1 0 n g t h e c o a s t a s marked on 1 a r g e ' s c a 1 e c h a r t s o f f i c i a l l y r e c o g n i z e d by t h e c o a s t a 1 s t a t e .
b ) i n t e r n a 1 w a t e r s 内水
Waters 1andward o f t h e b a s e l i n e a r e d e f i n e d a s i ‑ n t e r n a 1 w a t e r s , o v e r which t h e s t a t e has c o m p 1 e t e s o v e r e i g n t y ; n o t even i n n o c e n t passage i s a l l o w e d .
c ) t e r r i t o r i a 1 s e a 領 海
A s t a t e ' s t e r r i t o r i a l s e a e x t e n d s up t o 12 n a u t i c a 1 m i 1 e s ( a b o u t 2 2 . 2 k 凶 from i t s b a s e 1 i n e . I f t h i s wou1d o v e r l a p with a n o t h e r s t a t e ' s t e r r i t o r i a 1 s e a , t h e b o r d e r i s taken a s t h e median p o i n t between t h e s t a t e s ' b a s e l i n e s , u n 1 e s s t h e s t a t e s i n q u e s t i o n a g r e e on o t h e r w i s e . A s t a t e can a 1 s o c h o o s e t o c l a i m a s m a l l e r t e r r i t o r i a l s e a .
d ) c o n t i g u o u s z o n e 接 続 水 域
The c o n t i g u o u s z o n e i s a band o f water e x t e n d i n g from t h e o u t e r edge o f t h e . t e r r i t o r i a 1 s e a t o up t o 24 n a u t i c a 1 m i l e s ( a b o u t 44 . 4 km) 企 omt h e b a s e l i n e , w i t h i n which a s t a t e can e x e r t l i m i t e d c o n t r o 1 f o r t h e p u r p o s e o f p r e v e n t i n g o r p u n i s h i n g m 企 ingemento f i t s customs , 五s c a 1 , immigration o r sa 凶 t a r y 1aws and r e g u 1 a t i o n s w i t h i n i t s t e r r i t o r y o r t e r r i t o r i a 1 s e a へ T h i sw i l 1 t y p i c a l l y b e 12 n a u t i c a 1 m i l e s ( a b o u t 22km) wide , but c o u l d b e more ( i f a s t a t e has c h o s e n t o c l a i m a t e r r i t o r i a l s e a o f l e s s than 12 n a u t i c a l m i l e s ) , o r 1 e s s , i f i t would o t h e r w i s e o v e r 1 a p a n o t h e r s t a t e ' s c o n t i g u o u s z o n e .
e ) E x c l u s i v e Economic Zone (EEZ) 排他的経済水域 1
C 訟
An e x c l u s i v e e c o n o m i c z o n e e x t e n d s from t h e o u t e r 1 i m i t o f t h e t e r r i t o r i a l s e a t o a maximum o f 200 n a u t i c a 1 m i l e s ( a b o u t 370 . 4 km) from t h e t e r r i t o r i a 1 s e a b a s e l i n e , thus i t i n c l u d e s t h e c o n t i g u o u s z o n e . A c o a s t a l n a t i o n has c o n t r o 1 o f a l l economic r e s o u r c e s w i t h i n i t s e x c l u s i v e economic z o n e , i n c l u d i n g f i s h i n g ,
,mining , o i 1 e x p 1 o r a t i o n , and. any p o l l u t i o n o f t h o s e r e s o u r c e s . However , i t c a n n o t p r o h i b i t p a s s a g e o r 1 0 i t e r i n g a b o v e , on , o r under ~he
s u r f a c e o f t h e s e a t h a t i s i n c o m p 1 i a n c e with t h e 1aws and r e g u 1 a t i o n s adopted by t h e c o a s t a 1 S t a t e i n a c c o r d a n c e with t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h e UN Convention , w i t h i n t h a t p o r t i o n o f i t s e x c l u s i v e economic z o n e beyond i t s t e r r i t o r i a 1 s e a .
。 i n t e r n a t i o n a 1w a t e r s 公海
O u t s i d e o f t e r r i t o r i a 1 waters , t h e s e a i s d e 五 neda s i n t e r n a t i o n a 1 w a t e r s .
3 . ' c o n t i n e n t a 1 s e l f 大陸棚
The c o n t i n e n t a l s h e l f o f a c o a s t a 1 n a t i o n e x t e n d s o u t t o t h e o u t e r edge o f t h e c o n t i n e n t a l margin b u t a t 1 e a s t 200 n a u t i c a 1 m 江 e s( a b o u t 370 km) 企 omt h e b a s e 1 i n e s o f t h e t e r r i t o r i a 1 s e a i f t h e c o n t i n e n t a l margin d o e s n o t s t r e t c h t h a t f a r . The o u t e r 1 i m i t o f a c o u n t r y ' s c o n t i n e n t a 1 s h e l f ~hall n o t s t r e t c h beyond 350 n a u t i c a 1 m i 1 e s ( a b o u t 650 km) o f t h e b a s e 1 i n e , o r beyond 100 n a u t i c a l m i l e s ( a b o u t 190 k m)企 omt h e 2 , 500 meters i s o b a t h , which i s a 1 i n e c o n n e c t i n g t h e d e p t h s o f t h e s e a b e d a t 2 , 500 m e t e r s . The f o o t o f t h e c o n t i n e n t a l s l o p e i s determined a s t h e p o i n t o f maximum change i n t h e g r a d i e n t a t i t s b a s e .
4 . r i g h t s o v e r t h e c o n t i n e n t a 1 s h e 1 f
Ar t i c l e s 77 t o 81 o f t h e United N a t i o n s Convention on t h e Law o f t h e Sea ( 国 連海洋法条約) d e 五 net h e r i g h t s o f a c o u n t r y o v e r i t s c o n t i n e n t a l s h e 1 f .
A c o a s t a 1 n a t i o n has c o n t r o 1 o f a l 1 r e s o u r c e s on o r under i t s c o n t i n e n t a 1 s h e l f , 1 i v i n g o r n o t , but no c o n t r o 1 o v e r any 1 i v i n g organisms above t h e s h e l f t h a t a r e beyond i t s e x c l u s i v e economic z o n e . T h i s g i v e s i t t h e r i g h t t o c o n d u c t petro1eum d r i l l i n g works and 1 a y submarine c a b 1 e s o r p i t e l i n e s i n i t s c o n t i n e n t a l s h e l f .
An examp1e o f t h i s i s t h e o n g o i n g d i s p u t e o v e r r e s O U r c e s i n t h e Ar c t i c a r e a , which w i l l be d e c i d e d by t h e e x a c t mapping o f t h e c o n t i n e n t a 1 s h e 1 v e s .
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①
Culture and S o c i e t y in Asia
1 . T o d a y ' s p o i n t s :
May 16 , 2016 Mizuno Mitsuaki a ) t o understand what i s happening i n o r around t h e East China Sea and t h e South China
8 e a .
b ) t o understand why a r e t h e above mentioned s i t u a t i o n s o c c u r r i n g ?
c ) t o understand why i s t h e United S t a t e s ' i n t e r e s t e d i n them , a l t h o u g h t h e y a r e very f a r from t h e U8.
2 . d i s p u t e s i n t h e East China 8ea and i n t h e 80uth China Sea
common: d i s p u t e s around t h e w a t e r s ; d i s p u t e s around C h i n a ; C h i n a ' s p o s i t i o n
d i f f e r e n c e : t h e number o f t h e p a r t y members. I n t h e East China 8ea c a s e , t h e key members a r e : China and J a p a n . But i n t h e c a s e o f t h e 80uth China Sea c a s e , t h e main members a r e : China , Taiwan , Vietnam , t h e P h i l i p p i n e s , Malaysia and B r u n e i .
3 . c l a i m s by t h e c o n c e r n e d members:
t h e East China 8 e a ' s c a s e : t h e 80uth China S e a ' s c a s e :
4 . ASEAN and t h e 80uth China S e a ' s c a s e
D e c l a r a t i o n on t h e Conduct o f P a r t i e s in t h e 80uth China Sea , known a s t h e DOC , s i g n e d by a l l t h e members o f t h e ASEAN and t h e P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f China on November 4 , 2 0 0 2 .
5 . t h e US's s t a n c e toward t h e South China S e a ' s c a s e Freedom o f N a v i g a t i o n O p e r a t i o n
The United S t a t e s Freedom o f N a v i g a t i o n program c h a l l e n g e s t e r r i t o r i a l c l a i m s on t h e w o r l d ' s oceans and a i r s p a c e u s i n g d i p l o m a t i c p r o t e s t s a n d / o r by c h a l l e n g e . The c o u n t r y ' s p o s i t i o n i s t o i n s i s t t h a t a l l n a t i o n s must obey t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l l a w o f t h e s e a , a s s t a t e d by t h e U N Law o f t h e 8ea C o n v e n t i o n .
On s e v e r a l o c c a s i o n s , US armed f o r c e s have conducted o p e r a t i o n s i n a r e a s claimed by o t h e r c o u n t r i e s but a r e i n t e r n a t i o n a l waters , such a s n a v a l o p e r a t i o n s i n t h e Gulf o f S i d r a i n t h e 1 9 8 0 s . Throughout t h e y e a r s , US f o r c e s have been performing "Freedom o f N a v i g a t i o n "
o p e r a t i o n s i n t h e S t r a i t s o f G i b r a l t a r , S t r a i t ofHormuz , S t r a i t s ofMalacca , and t h e I n d o n e s i a n Ar c h i p e l a g o , t h e Black Sea under t h e name ' S i l v e r F o x ' ,
In 2014 , China Youth D a i l y c a l l e d t h e American program an i n f r i n g e m e n t o f C h i n a ' s
" r i g h t s " t o " r e c l a i m " t h e South China 8ea and East China Sea , tow l a r g e b o d i e s o f waters t h a t a r e c o n s i d e r e d i n t e r n a t i o n a l w a t e r s .
In October 2015 , t h e U8 d e s t r o y e r US8 Lassen s a i l e d within 1 2 r r i i l e s o f t h e a r t i f i c i a l i s l a n d s China has c r e a t e d i n t h e d i s p u t e d S p r a t l y a r c h i p e l a g o t o r e i t e r a t e t h e f a c t t h a t t h e s e a
φ
China i s b u i l d i n g i s l a n d s i n a r e i n t e r n a t i o n a l w a t e r s .
内 )
Society and Culture in Asia
May 23 , 2016 t o d a y ' s t o p i c :
e d u c a t i o n on the t e r r i t o r y a t t h e elementary s c h o o l , j u n i o r high s c h o o l and high s c h o o l l e v e l .
t o d a y ' s p o i n t s :
t o understand the f o l l o w i n g s :
1 . What d o e s t h e MEXT M i n i s t e r say on t h e e d u c a t i o n on t h e t e r r i t o r y ?
2 . What i s t h e d i f f e r e n c e among Curriculum g u i d e l i n e s , R e g u l a t i o n s o f t h e S c h o o l Education Law , t h e commentary t o t h e Curriculum g u i d e l i n e s ?
3 . What i s t h e Senkaku i s l a n d s i s s u e ? And what and how do t h e t e x t b o o k s say on t h i s i s s u e ?
4 . What i s t h e Takeshima i s l a n d s i s s u e ? And what and how do t h e t e x t b o o k s say on t h i s i s s u e ?
1 . p r e s s c o n f e r e n c e o f t h e M i n i s t e r o f Education , C u l t u r e , S p o r t s , S c i e n c e and Technology
The M i n i s t e r s t r e s s e s t h e importance o f e d u c a t i o n on t h e t e r r i t o r y .
Al l t e x t b o o k s used a t elementary s c h o o l , j u n i o r high s c h o o l and high s c h o o l may handle t h e t e r r i t o r i a l i s s u e around J apan , e s p e c i a l l y Senkaku o r Takeshima i s l a n d s 、 i s s u e s ' . 2 . Curriculum g u i d e l i n e s , R e g u l a t i o n s o f t h e S c h o o l Education Law , t h e commentary t o t h e Curriculum g u i d e l i n e s
C u r r i c u l u i n g u i d e l i n e s (学習指導要領) i s a standard i s s u e d by t h e M i n i s t r y ofEducation , Culture , S p o r t s , S c i e n c e and Technology (MEXT) t h a t s p e c i f i e s m a t e r i a l s taught a t a l l o f elementary , j u n i o r and s e n i o r high s c h o o l s i n Japan , e i t h e r p u b l i c o r p r i v a t e . The a u t h o r i t y o f t h e m i n i s t r y t o i s s u e t h e standard i s due t o t h e enforcement r e g u l a t i o n s o f t h e S c h o o l Education Law (学校教育法施行規則 ) . T h e m i n i s t r y a l s o p u b l i s h e s t h e commentary t o t h e curriculum g u i d e l i n e s (学習指導要領解説) t h a t accompanies t h e g u i d e l i n e s . Nominally , t h e commentary i s n o t l e g a l l y b i n d i n g .
立lO r e . . .
I f you a r e t e a c h e r s a t elementary s c h o o l , j u n i o r high s c h o o l o r high s c h o o l , how and what do you teach t h e t e r r i t o r i a l i s s u e s ?
⑦
S o c i e t y and Culture i n Asia
May 30 , 2016 t o d a y ' s key w o r d s :
a r t i f i c i a l ‑ i s l a n d s , i s l a n d s and r o c k s
a r t i f i c i a l ‑ i s l a n d s : 人工島、 i s l a n s : 島 、 r o c k s :岩
As f o r A r t i 五 c i a l ‑ i s l a n d s , i s l a n d s and r o c k s , United N a t i o n s Convention on t h e Law o f t h e Sea s a y s :
United N a t i o n s Convention on t h e Law ofthe S e a : 国連海洋法条約 UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA A r t i c l e 6 0
A r t i f i c i a l i s l a n d s , i n s t a l l a t i o n s and s t r u c t u r e s i n t h e e x c l u s i v e economic z o n e 1 . In the e x c l u s i v e economic z o n e , t h e c o a s t a l S t a t e s h a l l have t h e exdusive r i g h t t o c o n s t r u c t and t o a u t h o r i z e and r e g u l a t e t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n , o p e r a t i o n and use o f :
( a ) a r t i f i c i a l i s l a n d s ;
( b ) i n s t a l l a t i o n s and s t r u c t u r e s f o r t h e p u r p o s e s p r o v i d e d f o r i n a r t i c l e 56 and o t h e r economic p u r p o s e s ;
( c ) i n s t a l l a t i o n s and s t r u c t u r e s which may i n t e r f e r e with t h e e x e r c i s e o f t h e r i g h t s o f t h e c o a s t a l S t a t e i n t h e z o n e .
2 . The c o a s t a l S t a t e s h a l l have e x c l u s i v e j u r i s d i c t i o n o v e r such a r t i f i c i a l i s l a n d s , i n s t a l l a t i o n s and s t r u c t u r e s , i n c l u d i n g j u r i s d i c t i o n with r e g a r d t o customs , 五s c a l , h e a l t h , s a f e t y and i i n m i g r a t i o n laws and r e g u l a t i o n s .
3 . Due n o t i c e must be g i v e n o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f such a r t i f i c i a l i s l a n d s , i n s t a l l a t i o n s o r s t r u c t u r e s , and permanent means f o r g i v i n g warning o f t h e i r presence must be m a i n t a i n e d . Any i n s t a l l a t i o n s o r s t r u c t u r e s which a r e abandoned o r disused s h a l l be removed t o e n s u r e s a f e t y o f n a v i g a t i o n , t a k i n g i n t o a c c o u n t any g e n e r a l l y a c c e p t e d i n t e r n a t i o n a l s t a n d a r d s e s t a b l i s h e d i n
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t h i s regard by t h e competent i n t e r n a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n . Such removal s h a l l a l s o have due r e g a r d t o f i s h i n g , t h e p r o t e c t i o n o f t h e marine environment and t h e r i g h t s and d u t i e s o f o t h e r S t a t e s . A p p r o p r i a t e p u b l i c i t y s h a l l be g i v e n t o t h e depth , p o s i t i o n and dimensions o f any i n s t a l l a t i o n s o r s t r u c t u r e s n o t e n t i r e l y r e m o v e d .
4 . The c o a s t a l S t a t e may , where n e c e s s a r y , e s t a b l i s h r e a s o n a b l e s a f e t y z o n e s around such a r t i f i c i a l i s l a n d s , i n s t a l l a t i o n s and s t r u c t u r e s i n w h i c h i t may t a k e a p p r o p r i a t e measures t o e n s u r e t h e s a f e t y both o f n a v i g a t i o n and o f t h e a r t i 五 c i a li s l a n d s , i n s t a l l a t i o n s and s t r u c t u r e s .
5 . The breadth o f t h e s a f e t y z o n e s s h a l l be determined by t h e c o a s t a l S t a t e , t a k i n g i n t q a c c o u n t a p p l i c a b l e i n t e r n a t i o n a l s t a n d a r d s . Such zones s h a l l be d e s i g n e d t o e n s u r e t h a t they a r e r e a s o n a b l y r e l a t e d t o t h e n a t u r e and f u n c t i o n o f t h e a r t i 五 c i a li s l a n d s , i n s t a l l a t i o n s o r s t r u c t u r e s , and s h a l l n o t e x c e e d a d i s t a n c e o f 500 metres around them , measured from each p o i n t o f t h e i r o u t e r edge , e x c e p t a s a u t h o r i z e d by g e n e r a l l y a c c e p t e d i n t e r n a t i o n a l s t a n d a r d s or a s recommended by t h e competent i n t e r n a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n . Due n o t i c e s h a l l b e g i v e n o f t h e e x t e n t o f s a f e t y z o n e s .
6 . A l l s h i p s must r e s p e c t t h e s e s a f e t y z o n e s and s h a l l comply with g e n e r a l l y a c c e p t e d i n t e r n a t i o n a l s t a n d a r d s r e g a r d i n g n a v i g a t i o n i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f a r t i f i c i a l i s l a n d s , i n s t a l l a t i o n s , s t r u c t u r e s and s a f e t y z o n e s .
7 . A r t i f i c i a l i s l a n d s , i n s t a l l a t i o n s and s t r u c t u r e s and t h e s a f e t y zones around them may not be e s t a b l i s h e d where i n t e r f e r e n c e may be caused t o t h e u s e o f r e c o g n i z e d sea l a n e s e s s e n t i a l t o i n t e r n a t i o n a l n a v i g a t i o n .
8 . Ar t i f i c i a l i s l a n d s , i n s t a l l a t i o n s and s t r u c t u r e s d o n o t p o s s e s s t h e s t a t u s o f i s l a n d s . They have no t e r r i t o r i a l s e a o f t h e i r own , a ) l d t h e i r p r e s e n c e d o e s n o t a f f e c t t h e d e l i m i t a t i o n o f t h e t e r r i t o r i a l s e a , t h e e x c l u s i v e economic z o n e o r t h e c o n t i n e n t a l s h e l f .
第 60 条
(排他的経済水域における人工島、施設及び構築物)
1.沿岸国は、排他的経済水域において、次のものを建設し並びにそれらの建設、
2 U ノ
運用及び利用を許可し及び規制する排他的権利を有する
oa 人工島
b 第 66 条に規定する目的その他の経済的な目的のための施設及び構築物 c 排他的経済水域における沿岸国の権利の行使を妨げ得る施設及び構築物
2. 沿岸国は、 1 に規定する人工島、施設及び構築物に対して、通関上、財政上、
保健上、安全上及び出入国管理上の法令に関する管轄権を含む排他的管轄権を 有する。
,
3.1 に規定する人工島、施設又は構築物の建設については、適当な通報を行わ なければならず、また、その存在について注意を喚起するための恒常的な措置 を維持しなければならない。放棄され又は利用されなくなった施設又は構築物 は、権限のある国際機関がその除去に関して定める一般的に受け入れられてい る国際的基準を考慮して、航行の安全を確保するために除去する。その除去に 当たっては、漁業、梅洋環境の保護並びに他の国の権利及び義務に対しても妥 当な考慮、を払う。完全に除去されなかった施設又は構築物の水深、位置及び規 模については、適当に公表する。
4. 沿岸国は、必要な場合には、 1 に規定する人工島、施設及び構築物の周囲に 適当な安全水域を設定することができるものとし、また、当該安全水域におい て、航行の安全並びに人工島、施設及び構築物の安全を確保するために適当な 措置をとることができる。
5. 沿岸国は、適用のある国際的基準を考慮、して安全水域の幅を決定する。安全 水域は、人工島、施設又は構築物の性質及び機能と合理的な関連を有するよう なものとし、また、その幅は、一般的に受け入れられている国際的基準によっ て承認され又は権限のある国際機関によって勧告される場合を除くほか、当該 人工島、施設又は構築物の外縁のいずれの点から測定した距離についても 600 メートルを超えるもので、あってはならない。安全水域の範囲に関しては、適当 な通報を行う。
6. すべての船舶は、 4 の安全水域を尊重しなければならず、また、人工島、施 設、構築物及び安全水域の近傍における航行に関して一般的に受け入れられて いる国際的基準を遵守する。
7. 人工島、施設及び構築物並びにそれらの周囲の安全水域は、国際航行に不可
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