1) Stefanski, S.A., Elwell, M.R., Stromberg, P.C., “Pathology of the Fischer Rat”, Gary, A.B., Scot , L.E., Michael, R.E., Charles, A.M.Jr., William, F.M. eds., San Diego, Academic Press, Inc., 1990, p373-382.
2) 大 滝 サ チ., “毒 性 病 理 組 織 学”, 日 本 毒 性 病 理 学 会 編, 日 本 毒 性 病 理 学 会, 2000,p383-405.
3) Elwell, M.R., Stedham,M.A., Kovach, R.M., “Pathology of the Fischer Rat”, Gary, A.B., Scot , L.E., Michael, R.E., Charles, A.M.Jr., William, F.M. eds., San Diego, Academic Press, Inc., 1990, p264-275.
4) Boorman, G.A., Wilson, J.Th., van Zwieten, M.J., Eustis, S.L., “Pathology of the Fischer Rat”, Gary, A.B., Scot , L.E., Michael, R.E., Charles, A.M.Jr., William, F.M. eds., San Diego, Academic Press, Inc., 1990, p298.
5) “最新 毒性病理学”, 伊東信行編, 中山書店, 1994,p236-246.
6) Joe D, Burek., “Pathology of aging rats”, Florida, CRC Press, Inc., 1978, p110-113.
31
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
(weeks)
No.of survival
1 2 3 4 5
0 8 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 8 9 104106
FIGURE 1-a
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU SURVIVAL CURVES – FEMALE –
STUDY NO. 0302
FIGURE 1-b
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU SURVIVAL CURVES – MALE –
STUDY NO. 0302
(weeks) 1
2 3 4 5
0 8 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 8 9 104106
No.of survival
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
32
0 100 200 300 400 500
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 (g)
(weeks) FIGURE 2-a
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU BODY WEIGHT CURVES FEMALE
-STUDY NO. 0302
0 100 200 300 400 500
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104
Group 6 Group 7 Group 8 Group 9 Group 10 (g)
(weeks) FIGURE 2-b
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU BODY WEIGHT CURVES MALE
-STUDY NO. 0302
33
FIGURE 3-a
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU TUMOR INCIDENCES IN FEMALE
STUDY NO. 0302
0 25 50 75 100
1
-2 +
-3 + 0
4 + 0.67
5 + 2.0
Tumor incidence (%)
Benign Malignant
GROUP NO. ---ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL (SAR:W/kg)
FIGURE 3-b
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU TUMOR INCIDENCES IN MALE
STUDY NO. 0302
0 25 50 75 100
6
-7 +
-8 + 0
9 + 0.67
10 + 2.0
Tumor incidence (%)
Benign Malignant
GROUP NO. ---ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL (SAR:W/kg)
34
FIGURE 4-a
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU INCIDENCES OF FEMALE RATS WITH SINGLE OR MULTIPLE TUMORS
STUDY NO. 0302
0 25 50 75 100
1
-2 +
-3 + 0
4 + 0.67
5 + 2.0
Tumor incidence (%)
Single Multiple
GROUP NO. ---ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL (SAR:W/kg)
FIGURE 4-b
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU INCIDENCES OF MALE RATS WITH SINGLE OR MULTIPLE TUMORS
STUDY NO. 0302
0 25 50 75 100
6
-7 +
-8 + 0
9 + 0.67
10 + 2.0
Tumor incidence (%)
Single Multiple
GROUP NO. ---ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL (SAR:W/kg)
35
FIGURE 5-a
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU TOTAL NO. OF TUMORS IN FEMALE RATS
STUDY NO. 0302
0 25 50 75 100 125 150
1
-2 +
-3 + 0
4 + 0.67
5 + 2.0
No. of tumors
Malignant Benign
GROUP NO. ---ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL (SAR:W/kg)
FIGURE 5-b
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU TOTAL NO. OF TUMORS IN MALE RATS
STUDY NO. 0302
0 25 50 75 100 125 150
6
-7 +
-8 + 0
9 + 0.67
10 + 2.0
No. of tumors
Malignant Benign
GROUP NO. ---ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL (SAR:W/kg)
36
TABLE 1
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU SURVIVAL DATA (NO. OF SURVIVALS)
STUDY NO. 0302
SEX GROUP TREATMENT NO. OF WEEKS TOTAL NO. OF
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL ANIMALS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 SURVIVALS (%) (SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50(100)
2 + - 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50(100)
3 + 0 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50(100)
4 + 0.67 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50(100)
5 + 2.0 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50(100)
MALE 6 - - 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50(100)
7 + - 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50(100)
8 + 0 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50(100)
9 + 0.67 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50(100)
10 + 2.0 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50(100)
SEX GROUP TREATMENT NO. OF WEEKS TOTAL NO. OF
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL ANIMALS 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 SURVIVALS (%) (SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50(100)
2 + - 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49( 98)
3 + 0 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50(100)
4 + 0.67 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 49 49 49 49 49 48 46 46 46( 92)
5 + 2.0 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 49 49 49( 98)
MALE 6 - - 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50(100)
7 + - 50 50 50 50 49 49 49 49 48 48 48 48 48 48 47 47( 94)
8 + 0 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 49 49 48 48 48 48 48( 96)
9 + 0.67 50 50 50 50 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 45 45 45 44 44( 88)
10 + 2.0 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 49 49 48 47 46 45 45 45 45( 90)
SEX GROUP TREATMENT NO. OF WEEKS TOTAL NO. OF
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL ANIMALS 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 SURVIVALS (%) (SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50(100)
2 + - 50 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 47 46 46 46 44 43 43 43( 86)
3 + 0 50 50 49 49 49 49 49 49 48 48 48 46 46 46 46 46( 92)
4 + 0.67 50 46 46 46 45 45 44 43 42 42 42 42 42 41 41 41( 82)
5 + 2.0 50 49 49 46 46 46 46 45 45 44 44 44 43 43 43 43( 86)
MALE 6 - - 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50(100)
7 + - 50 47 47 47 47 47 46 45 45 45 45 45 45 44 44 44( 88)
8 + 0 50 48 48 48 48 45 45 45 45 44 44 44 44 44 44 44( 88)
9 + 0.67 50 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 43 43 43 43 42 42 42 42( 84)
10 + 2.0 50 45 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 40( 80)
SEX GROUP TREATMENT NO. OF WEEKS TOTAL NO. OF
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL ANIMALS 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 SURVIVALS (%) (SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 50 50 50 50 49 48 48 48 47 47 46 44 43 43 43 43(86)
2 + - 50 43 42 39 38 38 37 36 36 36 35 35 34 32 30 30(60)
3 + 0 50 46 45 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 43 41 40 40(80)
4 + 0.67 50 40 39 38 38 38 36 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35(70)
5 + 2.0 50 43 42 42 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 39 39 39(78)
MALE 6 - - 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 49 49 49 47 47 46 45 45(90)
7 + - 50 43 42 42 42 41 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 35 34 34(68)
8 + 0 50 44 43 43 43 43 43 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42(84)
9 + 0.67 50 42 42 42 40 39 38 36 36 34 34 33 33 33 33 33(66)
10 + 2.0 50 40 40 40 40 39 39 39 38 38 38 37 36 36 36 36(72)
SEX GROUP TREATMENT NO. OF TOTAL NO. OF
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL ANIMALS 100 102 104 105 106 SURVIVALS (%)
(SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 50 41 40 40 40 40(80)
2 + - 50 28 25 25 24 24(48) **
3 + 0 50 38 37 36 36 36(72)
4 + 0.67 50 34 31 31 30 30(60)
5 + 2.0 50 39 38 38 37 37(74)
MALE 6 - - 50 45 45 45 44 44 44(88)
7 + - 50 34 34 33 32 32 32(64) **
8 + 0 50 42 42 41 41 41 41(82)
9 + 0.67 50 33 33 33 32 32 32(64)
10 + 2.0 50 36 35 35 35 35 35(70)
** : Significantly different from control group 1, 6 at P<0.01 (Kaplan and Meier).
WEEKS
37
TABLE 2
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU GENERAL CONDITION DATA
STUDY NO. 0302
SITE SEX
---AND GROUP NO. --- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
FINDING ENU --- - + + + + - + + + +
EXPOSURE LEVEL --- - - 0 0.67 2.0 - - 0 0.67 2.0
(SAR:W/kg)
INITIAL NO. OF ANIMALS --- (50) (50) (50) (50) (50) (50) (50) (50) (50) (50)
Normal 28 14 29 21 26 26 13 22 18 26
General Appearance Moribundity 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Exhaustion 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2
Emaciation 4 5 3 9 5 0 0 3 4 4
Consciousness Aggression 0 2 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 1
Depression 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Behavior Palalysis of forelimb 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0
Paralysis of hindlimb 1 3 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 5
Paralysis of extremitas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Abnormal gait 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Breathing Panting 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dyspnea 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Rale 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
Body temperature Hypothermia 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fur Alopecia, whole body 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
Alopecia, lumbar region 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
Alopecia, face 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Skin, subcutis Anemic 2 2 0 1 1 5 2 0 5 0
Swelling, ear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Swelling, nose 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Swelling, mouth 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Nodule/mass, ear 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
Skin, subcutis Nodule/mass, eye lid 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Nodule/mass, mouth 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nodule/mass, face 0 1 2 0 1 5 1 0 1 0
Nodule/mass, neck 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0
Nodule/mass, thoracic region 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
Nodule/mass, axillary region 3 5 2 2 2 2 4 4 1 3
Nodule/mass, flank 0 0 0 1 1 1 7 4 0 2
Nodule/mass, abdominal region 2 2 2 0 3 0 2 0 4 0
Nodule/mass, perigenital region 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 0
Nodule/mass, hindlimb 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 1 0 0
Nodule/mass, back 0 0 0 0 1 4 4 5 4 1
Nodule/mass, lumbar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Nodule/mass, tail 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Head and neck Wryneck 8 3 3 1 2 4 4 1 4 3
Eye, eyeball White (L) 2 1 2 3 3 3 0 2 2 2
White (R) 3 1 1 1 4 3 8 1 3 1
White (both) 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
Yellow (both) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Dark red (L) 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exophthalmos (L) 1 0 1 0 0 4 2 0 1 1
Exophthalmos (R) 2 1 0 3 0 1 0 0 2 1
Reddish tear (L) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Reddish tear (both) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2
Swelling of lib margin (L) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Rupture of globe 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
Wound 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Nose Smudge of perinasal area 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Crust 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Abdomen Abdominal distention 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
Anogenital region Vaginal hemorrhage 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Soiled perineal region 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
FATE Total no. of deaths 10 26 14 20 13 6 18 9 18 15
Found dead 5 15 6 8 7 4 10 5 7 7
Moribund sacrifice 5 11 8 12 6 2 8 4 11 8
FEMALE MALE
38
TABLE 3
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU BODY WEIGHT DATA (G, MEAN ± S.D.)
STUDY NO. 0302 SEX GROUP
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL 0 1 2 3 4
(SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 87.7 ± 3.5 103.1 ± 4.1 120.6 ± 4.4 132.0 ± 4.4 142.7 ± 5.3
2 + - 88.9 ± 3.6 104.6 ± 3.8 * 120.9 ± 4.3 132.3 ± 3.8 143.3 ± 4.1
3 + 0 88.5 ± 3.6 97.2 ± 3.5 111.3 ± 4.0 123.1 ± 4.1 132.7 ± 4.8
4 + 0.67 88.8 ± 3.4 99.2 ± 3.8 ## 112.7 ± 4.3 122.8 ± 5.0 133.0 ± 5.4
5 + 2.0 88.4 ± 3.4 96.2 ± 3.6 111.6 ± 4.2 121.6 ± 4.9 131.7 ± 4.6
MALE 6 - - 106.3 ± 4.8 135.3 ± 6.8 170.4 ± 8.3 199.8 ± 8.7 224.9 ± 8.8
7 + - 106.1 ± 4.6 134.8 ± 6.0 169.9 ± 7.3 199.5 ± 7.9 222.6 ± 8.9
8 + 0 105.9 ± 4.8 123.9 ± 5.8 149.9 ± 7.0 176.6 ± 7.1 198.5 ± 7.3
9 + 0.67 105.7 ± 5.0 123.9 ± 6.1 150.5 ± 7.5 176.3 ± 7.5 200.3 ± 8.1
10 + 2.0 106.3 ± 5.1 123.5 ± 6.1 149.8 ± 7.5 174.3 ± 7.6 197.3 ± 7.8
SEX GROUP
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL 5 6 7 8 9
(SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 148.7 ± 5.3 154.9 ± 5.7 161.2 ± 5.6 164.8 ± 6.3 168.5 ± 6.3
2 + - 149.0 ± 4.2 155.2 ± 4.6 161.6 ± 5.5 164.8 ± 5.3 168.3 ± 5.9
3 + 0 138.5 ± 4.6 144.1 ± 5.4 150.2 ± 5.3 153.9 ± 5.4 157.1 ± 5.8
4 + 0.67 138.8 ± 6.2 144.2 ± 6.6 151.9 ± 6.6 154.5 ± 7.4 158.0 ± 7.4
5 + 2.0 138.1 ± 5.1 143.0 ± 5.7 150.0 ± 5.7 153.8 ± 5.6 156.2 ± 5.4
MALE 6 - - 242.2 ± 9.1 257.9 ± 9.8 273.9 ± 10.4 288.1 ± 11.9 297.3 ± 12.6
7 + - 240.6 ± 10.3 256.1 ± 11.5 271.6 ± 11.7 286.4 ± 12.9 296.3 ± 13.7
8 + 0 216.2 ± 7.9 229.4 ± 8.6 246.0 ± 9.5 256.6 ± 10.1 267.3 ± 9.8
9 + 0.67 215.1 ± 7.5 229.6 ± 8.0 246.0 ± 7.9 255.5 ± 8.6 265.0 ± 9.2
10 + 2.0 215.6 ± 8.0 228.6 ± 9.7 245.2 ± 10.4 255.0 ± 11.1 263.7 ± 11.9
SEX GROUP
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL 10 11 12 13 14
(SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 172.6 ± 6.9 176.4 ± 7.4 178.4 ± 7.5 180.3 ± 7.8 181.7 ± 7.5
2 + - 172.2 ± 6.2 176.4 ± 5.9 178.8 ± 5.9 180.3 ± 5.9 182.2 ± 5.7
3 + 0 159.8 ± 5.3 164.0 ± 6.5 166.7 ± 6.5 167.5 ± 6.4 169.8 ± 5.8
4 + 0.67 161.4 ± 7.6 164.5 ± 7.4 167.7 ± 7.7 169.3 ± 7.8 170.7 ± 7.8
5 + 2.0 160.6 ± 6.0 164.7 ± 6.0 165.5 ± 5.8 168.7 ± 6.0 170.6 ± 5.7
MALE 6 - - 306.2 ± 12.5 315.3 ± 13.3 322.7 ± 13.1 327.6 ± 13.3 332.4 ± 12.7
7 + - 304.8 ± 14.8 314.1 ± 15.3 321.1 ± 15.6 325.8 ± 15.8 330.0 ± 16.3
8 + 0 274.8 ± 10.1 283.2 ± 10.3 289.2 ± 10.2 293.0 ± 10.4 297.1 ± 10.6
9 + 0.67 273.9 ± 9.5 281.9 ± 9.6 287.4 ± 10.1 292.1 ± 10.6 294.0 ± 11.0
10 + 2.0 272.8 ± 12.2 280.6 ± 12.6 286.1 ± 13.1 291.6 ± 13.0 296.3 ± 13.4
SEX GROUP
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL 16 18 20 22 24
(SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 184.6 ± 7.9 186.7 ± 8.2 188.5 ± 7.9 190.1 ± 7.8 193.2 ± 7.7
2 + - 185.0 ± 6.0 186.1 ± 6.0 187.1 ± 6.2 189.7 ± 6.3 192.4 ± 7.0
3 + 0 170.6 ± 6.0 174.4 ± 6.2 173.6 ± 6.3 176.5 ± 6.8 179.0 ± 6.6
4 + 0.67 173.2 ± 7.9 # 176.0 ± 7.8 175.6 ± 7.7 179.8 ± 8.1 # 180.9 ± 8.4
5 + 2.0 172.0 ± 6.2 174.3 ± 6.3 175.5 ± 5.8 178.2 ± 6.3 180.1 ± 6.4
MALE 6 - - 343.5 ± 13.5 350.9 ± 15.1 359.8 ± 15.1 368.4 ± 15.3 374.8 ± 16.2
7 + - 338.8 ± 16.9 346.0 ± 17.5 353.6 ± 18.9 * 362.6 ± 18.1 * 370.0 ± 18.2
8 + 0 304.7 ± 11.8 313.4 ± 11.8 319.2 ± 13.3 325.2 ± 14.1 331.6 ± 13.8
9 + 0.67 301.0 ± 11.7 310.3 ± 13.0 317.8 ± 12.0 323.3 ± 13.0 327.9 ± 14.4
10 + 2.0 303.6 ± 15.0 312.0 ± 15.1 316.6 ± 15.3 323.9 ± 16.8 329.3 ± 17.4
SEX GROUP
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL 26 28 30 32 34
(SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 194.2 ± 7.4 197.9 ± 7.9 199.2 ± 8.3 202.1 ± 8.0 204.8 ± 8.4
2 + - 194.0 ± 6.8 197.1 ± 7.2 197.7 ± 7.5 200.5 ± 7.7 202.6 ± 8.1
3 + 0 181.4 ± 7.7 183.3 ± 7.5 185.7 ± 6.7 186.2 ± 7.0 188.3 ± 7.5
4 + 0.67 182.3 ± 10.1 186.6 ± 8.0 # 188.8 ± 8.4 # 190.3 ± 9.1 # 192.1 ± 8.7 #
5 + 2.0 183.1 ± 6.3 185.5 ± 6.5 187.4 ± 6.3 190.1 ± 6.5 ## 192.4 ± 7.9 #
MALE 6 - - 382.3 ± 16.2 389.8 ± 17.0 395.1 ± 17.9 400.0 ± 18.2 405.1 ± 19.0
7 + - 377.4 ± 18.5 383.1 ± 18.6 * 388.2 ± 18.6 * 393.4 ± 19.6 * 399.1 ± 19.6
8 + 0 339.5 ± 14.8 344.9 ± 15.2 348.5 ± 16.9 354.6 ± 15.7 359.8 ± 16.1
9 + 0.67 335.2 ± 15.3 341.5 ± 17.8 345.7 ± 16.7 349.4 ± 18.9 354.0 ± 23.0
10 + 2.0 335.7 ± 18.7 342.1 ± 18.3 344.9 ± 20.1 348.7 ± 20.6 355.0 ± 20.4
SEX GROUP
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL 36 38 40 42 44
(SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 204.7 ± 8.6 207.2 ± 9.3 208.4 ± 9.9 210.9 ± 9.5 212.3 ± 9.6
2 + - 204.0 ± 8.3 206.0 ± 7.9 206.3 ± 8.6 209.2 ± 8.9 210.1 ± 9.0
3 + 0 191.0 ± 7.4 191.6 ± 8.0 191.3 ± 8.3 195.0 ± 9.2 196.4 ± 8.7
4 + 0.67 194.5 ± 8.7 # 194.9 ± 9.8 195.7 ± 9.0 # 200.5 ± 9.9 ## 201.3 ± 10.9 # 5 + 2.0 193.0 ± 7.6 195.2 ± 8.7 # 196.3 ± 10.1 ## 200.0 ± 13.0 # 202.0 ± 12.4 #
MALE 6 - - 408.1 ± 18.8 411.1 ± 19.1 414.2 ± 18.4 419.5 ± 19.4 423.2 ± 19.5
7 + - 402.3 ± 19.2 402.7 ± 21.1 * 406.9 ± 19.6 * 412.6 ± 20.1 * 415.8 ± 20.5 *
8 + 0 363.7 ± 16.0 365.3 ± 15.2 367.0 ± 16.9 370.1 ± 18.8 373.0 ± 20.1
9 + 0.67 359.6 ± 15.9 363.0 ± 16.5 366.1 ± 17.1 370.7 ± 16.7 372.5 ± 17.3
10 + 2.0 359.0 ± 19.1 362.2 ± 19.2 362.9 ± 20.1 369.3 ± 20.5 373.4 ± 20.2
* : Significantly different from control group 6 at P<0.05 (Student-t or Aspin-welch).
#, ## : Significantly different from control group 3 at P<0.05, 0.01, respectively (Dunnett or Steel).
TREATMENT WEEKS
TREATMENT WEEKS
TREATMENT WEEKS
TREATMENT WEEKS
TREATMENT WEEKS
TREATMENT WEEKS
39
TABLE 3
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU BODY WEIGHT DATA (G, MEAN ± S.D.)
STUDY NO. 0302 SEX GROUP
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL 46 48 50 52 54
(SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 213.8 ± 9.4 214.7 ± 9.6 216.4 ± 10.1 218.7 ± 10.3 220.0 ± 9.8
2 + - 212.2 ± 10.1 213.9 ± 11.2 216.4 ± 11.7 217.8 ± 12.7 219.5 ± 14.1
3 + 0 196.8 ± 8.7 199.0 ± 9.2 201.6 ± 9.7 202.9 ± 9.3 204.4 ± 9.6
4 + 0.67 204.1 ± 13.4 ## 205.7 ± 13.8 ## 207.4 ± 13.6 # 211.1 ± 17.2 ## 210.4 ± 16.2 #
5 + 2.0 201.4 ± 15.6 ## 201.8 ± 8.3 204.9 ± 8.3 207.2 ± 9.1 # 207.9 ± 10.2
MALE 6 - - 424.1 ± 19.6 427.0 ± 19.7 429.4 ± 20.0 430.2 ± 21.7 432.7 ± 21.6
7 + - 415.9 ± 21.1 * 418.4 ± 20.6 * 419.9 ± 19.7 * 420.9 ± 23.5 * 425.3 ± 21.3 *
8 + 0 375.7 ± 18.6 379.1 ± 17.4 379.9 ± 18.7 382.7 ± 17.3 386.5 ± 18.3
9 + 0.67 375.3 ± 17.8 378.0 ± 18.5 378.0 ± 20.5 378.7 ± 21.0 382.1 ± 21.8
10 + 2.0 375.2 ± 19.9 378.1 ± 20.2 381.4 ± 20.6 380.7 ± 21.3 382.8 ± 21.2
SEX GROUP
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL 56 58 60 62 64
(SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 220.7 ± 9.8 221.8 ± 10.0 223.3 ± 10.3 225.3 ± 10.7 226.8 ± 10.9
2 + - 219.7 ± 13.7 221.3 ± 15.1 223.6 ± 16.9 225.0 ± 18.4 227.4 ± 19.9
3 + 0 205.4 ± 10.0 207.1 ± 10.3 207.3 ± 10.2 207.5 ± 9.8 208.8 ± 10.3
4 + 0.67 210.9 ± 14.3 # 211.4 ± 12.0 212.2 ± 12.5 # 212.2 ± 12.5 # 214.4 ± 12.7 #
5 + 2.0 209.6 ± 10.2 # 210.7 ± 10.4 212.0 ± 9.8 # 211.5 ± 10.4 214.0 ± 11.1 #
MALE 6 - - 434.2 ± 21.6 435.4 ± 21.1 437.2 ± 21.2 439.3 ± 21.8 441.3 ± 21.6
7 + - 427.6 ± 20.1 428.7 ± 20.1 429.3 ± 20.5 * 428.8 ± 20.7 ** 431.4 ± 19.9 *
8 + 0 386.8 ± 18.5 387.0 ± 19.0 389.0 ± 18.0 389.7 ± 19.3 389.0 ± 18.5
9 + 0.67 383.4 ± 23.5 384.8 ± 22.0 384.6 ± 20.4 387.3 ± 21.0 389.3 ± 21.8
10 + 2.0 383.5 ± 21.1 382.2 ± 25.2 384.8 ± 22.3 383.5 ± 22.8 387.4 ± 20.5
SEX GROUP
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL 66 68 70 72 74
(SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 227.4 ± 11.4 230.0 ± 12.2 230.6 ± 12.7 233.2 ± 14.5 234.3 ± 15.7
2 + - 226.6 ± 17.1 226.2 ± 14.1 225.4 ± 14.1 * 227.5 ± 15.0 * 228.1 ± 13.0 *
3 + 0 209.5 ± 10.7 211.0 ± 10.9 212.2 ± 11.1 215.1 ± 12.1 214.1 ± 12.2
4 + 0.67 214.0 ± 14.2 215.2 ± 12.3 216.9 ± 13.6 217.5 ± 14.0 219.2 ± 12.8
5 + 2.0 215.3 ± 10.7 # 215.9 ± 11.3 # 217.0 ± 12.5 217.5 ± 12.2 219.5 ± 12.0 #
MALE 6 - - 442.8 ± 22.4 444.0 ± 22.6 446.0 ± 22.2 449.2 ± 23.2 449.8 ± 22.8
7 + - 431.9 ± 20.7 ** 433.8 ± 20.3 * 435.4 ± 19.9 ** 437.0 ± 21.0 ** 438.9 ± 20.6 **
8 + 0 391.8 ± 18.4 393.0 ± 18.7 394.9 ± 19.3 396.4 ± 19.3 396.8 ± 19.8
9 + 0.67 390.3 ± 21.3 392.2 ± 21.5 393.8 ± 21.9 393.1 ± 26.5 395.2 ± 26.9
10 + 2.0 389.7 ± 20.7 391.0 ± 21.4 390.4 ± 20.7 391.9 ± 21.2 392.7 ± 25.4
SEX GROUP
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL 76 78 80 82 84
(SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 236.0 ± 16.0 238.1 ± 17.3 240.4 ± 17.8 243.7 ± 19.1 246.9 ± 18.7
2 + - 230.1 ± 14.5 * 231.8 ± 15.8 * 231.9 ± 20.6 * 237.1 ± 17.2 241.1 ± 17.4
3 + 0 215.7 ± 13.5 218.3 ± 14.2 218.4 ± 14.8 220.7 ± 15.4 223.9 ± 17.1
4 + 0.67 221.2 ± 14.8 221.3 ± 16.6 221.1 ± 16.4 226.6 ± 15.2 225.3 ± 14.2
5 + 2.0 221.3 ± 12.3 223.1 ± 12.4 224.6 ± 12.9 227.0 ± 13.9 # 229.1 ± 14.7
MALE 6 - - 451.9 ± 23.0 451.8 ± 23.0 453.7 ± 23.8 453.2 ± 24.6 454.1 ± 25.1
7 + - 439.6 ± 20.2 ** 439.0 ± 21.5 ** 440.7 ± 23.3 ** 438.7 ± 26.4 ** 440.8 ± 27.4 **
8 + 0 397.6 ± 20.1 398.3 ± 21.1 398.8 ± 19.8 399.9 ± 20.6 401.0 ± 19.9
9 + 0.67 395.2 ± 26.7 392.6 ± 27.7 390.3 ± 33.8 392.2 ± 37.6 393.0 ± 37.5
10 + 2.0 392.5 ± 24.8 393.4 ± 25.6 396.7 ± 22.8 396.7 ± 22.9 394.8 ± 23.6
SEX GROUP
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL 86 88 90 92 94
(SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 249.3 ± 20.3 253.3 ± 25.1 257.8 ± 22.1 260.1 ± 24.3 262.8 ± 21.8
2 + - 241.1 ± 21.7 * 241.1 ± 30.0 * 247.8 ± 22.6 * 250.4 ± 24.5 * 250.0 ± 27.5 *
3 + 0 224.4 ± 17.3 224.6 ± 17.5 226.9 ± 18.7 227.8 ± 18.4 230.7 ± 19.3
4 + 0.67 227.3 ± 15.0 227.7 ± 14.6 230.8 ± 14.7 233.1 ± 14.7 235.5 ± 15.7
5 + 2.0 230.3 ± 14.5 230.6 ± 15.7 234.2 ± 15.6 # 234.8 ± 15.9 236.7 ± 15.9
MALE 6 - - 456.9 ± 26.6 456.5 ± 29.0 455.0 ± 35.0 459.8 ± 31.1 458.9 ± 30.6
7 + - 445.0 ± 24.3 * 445.9 ± 25.1 * 449.1 ± 25.6 450.5 ± 29.4 448.5 ± 33.3
8 + 0 399.9 ± 20.0 397.0 ± 20.4 400.2 ± 20.5 401.1 ± 20.0 401.5 ± 19.8
9 + 0.67 391.3 ± 43.8 399.3 ± 34.3 401.9 ± 38.5 397.4 ± 23.9 398.2 ± 23.4
10 + 2.0 398.7 ± 22.4 398.2 ± 22.6 399.6 ± 22.2 402.5 ± 23.7 400.3 ± 21.8
SEX GROUP
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL 96 98 100 102 104
(SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 261.7 ± 24.7 261.3 ± 30.4 267.4 ± 23.8 266.5 ± 25.6 267.0 ± 26.1
2 + - 253.0 ± 28.0 251.9 ± 29.9 256.8 ± 31.9 258.9 ± 30.2 257.7 ± 31.2
3 + 0 227.4 ± 20.8 228.1 ± 21.1 229.3 ± 22.0 230.0 ± 20.9 230.3 ± 23.9
4 + 0.67 234.1 ± 16.9 233.8 ± 16.7 234.4 ± 19.3 235.9 ± 21.0 235.1 ± 21.7
5 + 2.0 236.6 ± 17.1 # 237.2 ± 17.7 # 238.3 ± 19.7 237.5 ± 20.7 234.2 ± 26.2
MALE 6 - - 455.8 ± 34.3 455.6 ± 33.7 454.5 ± 35.9 452.1 ± 36.1 448.8 ± 39.8
7 + - 449.0 ± 33.7 451.1 ± 34.2 451.9 ± 40.8 451.6 ± 46.9 449.8 ± 56.4
8 + 0 398.6 ± 20.8 396.7 ± 22.1 394.8 ± 22.5 392.8 ± 23.7 388.6 ± 26.0
9 + 0.67 394.9 ± 23.6 392.3 ± 26.3 389.8 ± 28.6 388.5 ± 26.4 385.3 ± 25.7
10 + 2.0 395.2 ± 24.5 392.6 ± 28.5 390.9 ± 24.3 390.1 ± 25.3 385.9 ± 26.1
*, ** : Significantly different from control group 6 at P<0.05 , 0.01, respectively (Student-t or Aspin-welch).
#, ## : Significantly different from control group 3 at P<0.05, 0.01, respectively (Dunnett or Steel).
TREATMENT WEEKS
TREATMENT WEEKS
TREATMENT WEEKS
TREATMENT WEEKS
TREATMENT WEEKS
TREATMENT WEEKS
40
TABLE 4
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU FOOD CONSUMPTION DATA (G/ANIMAL/DAY, MEAN)
STUDY NO. 0302 SEX GROUP
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 10.06 10.70 10.42 10.62 10.28 10.12 9.91 9.75 9.64 9.47
2 + - 10.29 10.69 10.59 10.81 10.65 10.19 10.05 9.96 9.68 9.47
3 + 0 9.32 9.43 9.44 9.96 10.08 9.66 9.43 9.67 9.16 9.24
4 + 0.67 9.08 9.26 9.55 9.81 9.86 9.59 9.56 9.50 9.21 8.99
5 + 2.0 9.06 9.05 9.27 9.84 9.63 9.36 9.54 9.42 9.12 9.21
MALE 6 - - 12.69 14.56 15.60 15.81 15.66 15.30 15.34 15.32 14.76 14.48
7 + - 12.98 14.84 15.88 15.94 15.99 15.61 15.44 15.64 15.27 14.97
8 + 0 11.40 12.28 13.55 14.14 14.74 14.15 14.59 14.45 13.99 13.90
9 + 0.67 11.34 12.32 13.38 14.06 14.36 14.04 14.26 14.41 14.02 13.62
10 + 2.0 11.19 12.13 13.22 13.97 14.18 13.89 14.09 13.82 13.79 13.63
SEX GROUP
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL 11 12 13 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
(SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 9.41 9.16 8.54 8.78 8.62 8.30 8.32 8.63 8.59 8.31
2 + - 9.83 9.32 8.74 9.21 8.69 8.26 8.40 8.81 8.82 8.61
3 + 0 9.33 8.78 8.53 9.01 8.43 8.34 8.17 8.39 8.46 8.38
4 + 0.67 9.23 8.92 8.40 8.82 8.20 8.52 8.35 8.48 8.46 8.15
5 + 2.0 9.17 8.71 8.46 8.74 8.16 8.28 8.09 8.35 8.42 8.12
MALE 6 - - 14.58 14.35 13.99 13.92 13.95 13.86 14.04 14.16 14.06 14.09
7 + - 15.04 14.58 14.21 14.12 13.99 14.12 13.84 14.30 14.49 14.26
8 + 0 14.02 13.46 13.37 13.24 13.03 13.26 13.03 13.19 13.31 13.48
9 + 0.67 13.74 13.41 13.05 13.04 12.53 13.02 13.24 13.03 12.74 13.08
10 + 2.0 13.44 13.23 13.05 12.78 12.76 12.87 12.55 12.80 12.87 12.50
SEX GROUP
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46
(SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 8.94 8.62 8.60 8.71 8.45 8.71 8.52 8.86 8.67 8.77
2 + - 9.14 8.81 8.91 8.94 8.98 8.94 8.72 9.19 8.92 9.05
3 + 0 8.57 8.44 8.34 8.38 8.51 8.56 8.23 9.02 8.52 8.36
4 + 0.67 8.51 8.50 8.36 8.35 8.56 8.52 8.29 9.11 8.54 8.64
5 + 2.0 8.46 8.36 8.23 8.42 8.36 8.44 8.42 8.99 8.36 8.16
MALE 6 - - 14.39 14.26 14.54 14.05 14.22 14.50 14.19 14.94 14.21 14.36
7 + - 14.71 14.56 15.09 14.51 14.41 14.89 14.36 15.52 14.68 14.87
8 + 0 13.78 13.17 13.84 13.16 13.46 13.72 13.20 13.91 13.48 14.06
9 + 0.67 13.38 13.10 13.39 12.79 13.52 13.72 13.39 14.21 13.66 13.78
10 + 2.0 13.13 12.86 12.68 12.78 13.30 13.15 12.76 13.86 12.88 13.29
SEX GROUP
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66
(SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 8.84 8.82 8.89 8.99 9.03 8.90 9.44 9.65 9.30 9.23
2 + - 9.24 9.28 9.18 9.32 9.34 9.31 9.89 10.31 10.06 9.81
3 + 0 8.48 8.68 8.56 8.93 8.68 8.75 8.85 9.18 9.02 8.85
4 + 0.67 8.67 8.62 9.28 8.83 9.08 8.71 9.29 9.40 8.94 9.02
5 + 2.0 8.31 8.55 8.76 8.69 8.52 8.62 9.16 9.21 8.92 8.89
MALE 6 - - 14.54 14.44 14.73 14.62 14.61 14.52 14.92 15.05 14.67 15.11
7 + - 14.85 14.93 14.98 15.01 15.12 14.84 15.50 15.76 15.56 15.56
8 + 0 13.95 13.80 14.24 14.05 13.99 13.83 13.94 14.44 14.35 14.29
9 + 0.67 13.85 13.74 13.91 14.13 14.25 13.64 14.03 14.31 13.81 14.22
10 + 2.0 13.65 13.50 13.72 13.66 13.54 13.16 13.71 13.70 13.72 14.35
SEX GROUP
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86
(SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 9.54 9.35 9.41 9.79 9.69 9.81 9.86 9.92 9.61 9.76
2 + - 10.09 9.53 9.78 10.08 10.61 10.59 10.06 10.30 10.19 10.08
3 + 0 9.29 9.04 9.09 9.52 9.56 9.55 9.28 9.47 9.39 9.20
4 + 0.67 9.18 9.05 9.24 9.48 9.58 9.55 9.33 9.60 9.37 9.39
5 + 2.0 8.72 8.73 8.95 9.29 9.72 9.56 9.12 9.33 9.15 8.86
MALE 6 - - 15.02 14.95 15.05 15.29 15.16 14.95 14.90 14.62 14.79 14.55
7 + - 15.67 15.86 15.63 16.11 15.91 15.64 15.52 15.14 15.39 14.93
8 + 0 14.43 14.36 13.89 14.67 14.59 14.38 14.29 14.11 14.15 13.49
9 + 0.67 14.39 13.89 13.99 13.92 13.95 14.14 13.43 13.82 14.45 13.38
10 + 2.0 14.17 13.90 13.89 13.91 14.30 14.14 13.85 13.99 13.91 13.46
SEX GROUP
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104
(SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 9.08 9.40 9.51 9.65 9.51 9.88 10.34 10.11 9.84
2 + - 9.71 9.70 9.91 10.04 9.99 10.14 11.06 10.29 10.19
3 + 0 8.62 8.74 8.97 9.59 9.19 9.38 9.78 9.56 9.64
4 + 0.67 8.81 8.93 9.26 9.55 9.33 9.51 9.68 9.69 9.61
5 + 2.0 8.66 8.96 8.74 9.38 8.99 8.93 9.34 8.93 8.56
MALE 6 - - 14.15 13.94 13.97 13.83 14.04 14.43 14.15 14.04 14.06
7 + - 15.04 15.00 14.65 14.68 14.74 14.99 14.69 14.94 14.78
8 + 0 13.11 13.44 13.30 13.88 13.33 13.56 13.18 12.78 12.96
9 + 0.67 13.51 13.89 13.62 13.82 13.62 13.85 13.34 13.42 13.21
10 + 2.0 13.06 13.41 13.10 13.61 12.98 13.08 12.99 12.83 13.33
WEEKS
WEEKS TREATMENT
TREATMENT
TREATMENT
WEEKS TREATMENT
TREATMENT
TREATMENT
WEEKS WEEKS
WEEKS
41
TABLE 5
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU BLOOD HORMONE LEVEL DATA
STUDY NO. 0302
SEX GROUP TREATMENT NO. OF ACTH Corticosterone Melatonin
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL EXAMINED (pg/ml) (ng/ml) (pg/ml)
(SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 5 465.4 ± 274.1 362.70 ± 120.38 27.8 ± 16.6
2 + - 5 519.4 ± 251.1 290.24 ± 86.32 31.4 ± 17.6
3 + 0 5 586.0 ± 194.1 467.72 ± 135.31 37.8 ± 9.8
4 + 0.67 5 666.4 ± 200.2 448.06 ± 72.83 37.4 ± 19.6
5 + 2.0 5 502.2 ± 58.3 356.16 ± 62.90 30.2 ± 9.3
MALE 6 - - 5 279.8 ± 138.0 359.66 ± 88.85 17.0 ± 1.9
7 + - 5 468.2 ± 166.3 * 264.74 ± 141.06 17.8 ± 5.1
8 + 0 5 508.8 ± 146.3 420.68 ± 140.60 19.2 ± 8.2
9 + 0.67 5 331.0 ± 177.0 375.92 ± 67.30 20.2 ± 6.9
10 + 2.0 5 448.8 ± 61.6 354.90 ± 131.90 16.4 ± 5.8
* : Significantly different from control group 6 at P<0.05 (Student-t or Aspin-welch).
42
TABLE 6
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU GROSS PATHOLOGY DATA
STUDY NO. 0302
ORGAN SEX
---AND GROUP NO. --- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
FINDINGS ENU --- - + + + + - + + + +
EXPOSURE LEVEL --- - - 0 0.67 2.0 - - 0 0.67 2.0
(SAR:W/kg)
No. of animals examined 50 10]a 50 [26] 50 [14] 50 [20] 50 [13] 50 [6] 50 [18] 50 [9] 50 [18] 50 [15]
Not remarkable 1 3 [1] 1 0 2 [1] 0 0 0 0 0
Heart
Enlargement 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0
Raised area/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Lymph node
Enlargement/Mandibular 0 0 1 [1] 0 1 10 4 4 0 6 [1]
Enlargement/Mediastinal 1 [1] 1 [1] 2 [1] 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Enlargement/Mesenteric 2 [2] 0 1 [1] 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0
Enlargement/Pancreatic 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 [1]
Enlargement/Renal 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Enlargement/Iliac 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Enlargement/Inguinal 2 [2] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Discolored/Mandibular 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Discolored/Mesenteric 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0
Discolored/Pancreatic 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0
Discolored/Iliac 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Spleen
Accessory spleen 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
Small 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0
Enlargement 10 [3] 8 [7] 11 [6] 2 [2] ## 7 [1] 10 [4] 8 [3] 7 4 [3] 3 [2]
Covered with white material 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malformation 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0
Discolored spot/Single 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 1 0 0 0 0
Discolored area/Single 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0
Discolored area/Multiple 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0
Nodule/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
Nodule/Discolored/Single 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 1
Recessed area/Single 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
Thymus
Enlargement 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Nodule/Single 1 [1] 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Nodule/Discolored/Single 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Mass/Single 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mass/Discolored/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1]
Pituitary
Enlargement 0 1 [1] 1 [1] 0 1 [1] 1 1 0 0 0
Cyst/Single 5 2 2 4 [1] 3 1 1 0 3 0
Cyst/Several 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0
Discolored spot/Single 1 4 [4] 1 3 [1] 6 3 4 [2] 0 1 4 ┐#
Discolored spot/Several 1 [1] 1 [1] 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ┘
Discolored area/Single 14 [3] 3 [1] ** 11 [2] 6 [3] 9 [2] 1 5 [1] 3 7 [2] 2
Nodule/Single 3 [2] 2 [2] 1 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0
Nodule/Discolored/Single 6 4 7 [2] 9 [2] 7 [2] 4 [1] 3 2 4 [2] 4
Mass/Single 0 0 1 [1] 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mass/Discolored/Single 1 4 [1] 3 4 [1] 1 2 2 1 1 1 [1]
Thyroid
Enlargement 1 1 [1] 3 [1] 0 1 5 3 [2] 4 2 3
Discolored 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Discolored spot/Single 2 0 1 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 1 0
Discolored area/Single 1 0 0 1 0 3 [1] 0 0 0 5
Discolored area/Several 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Nodule/Single 0 2 [2] 0 0 0 1 2 [2] 0 0 0
Nodule/Discolored/Single 2 1 [1] 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 [1]
Nodule/Discolored/Several 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Mass/Single 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
Mass/Discolored/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1
Adrenal
Small 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0
Enlargement 1 0 0 0 1 3 1 0 2 [1] 0
Discolored spot/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
Nodule/Single 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mass/Discolored/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Lung
Discolored 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Discolored/Pale 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Discolored spot/Single 0 2 [1]┐* 1 [1] 1 [1] 0 1 0 0 0 1
Discolored spot/Several 0 2 [1]│ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Discolored spot/Multiple 0 1 [1]┘ 1 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0
Discolored area/Single 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 3 1 2
Nodule/Single 0 0 3 0 ┐# 1 [1] 0 1 0 0 1
Nodule/Several 0 0 1 0 ┘ 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nodule/Discolored/Single 0 0 0 0 3 5 5 [1] 5 4 5
Nodule/Discolored/Several 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 1 0
Nodule/Discolored/Multiple 0 1 [1] 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cyst/Single 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tongue
Nodule/Single 0 0 0 0 0 2 [1] 0 0 0 0
Stomach
Discolored spot/Glandular stomach/Multiple 0 0 1 [1] 1 [1] 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0
Discolored spot/Forestomach/Single 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0
Discolored area/Glandular stomach/Multiple 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Discolored area/Forestomach/Single 1 [1] 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 1 [1] 0 1 [1] 1 [1]
Raised area/Glandular stomach/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0
Raised area/Glandular stomach/Multiple 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0
Raised area/Forestomach/Multiple 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0
Nodule/Glandular stomach/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1]
Nodule/Forestomach/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0
Nodule/Forestomach/Multiple 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Recessed area/Glandular stomach/Several 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0
Recessed area/Forestomach/Single 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0
Small intestine
Diverticulum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Nodule/Several 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0
Large intestine
Intussusception 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0
Nodule/mass/Single 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
a : Brackets are number of dead animal.
** : Significantly different from control group 1 at P<0.01.
# : Significantly different from control group 8 at P<0.05.
## : Significantly different from control group 3 at P<0.01.
MALE FEMALE
43
TABLE 6
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU GROSS PATHOLOGY DATA
STUDY NO. 0302
ORGAN SEX
---AND GROUP NO. --- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
FINDINGS ENU --- - + + + + - + + + +
EXPOSURE LEVEL --- - - 0 0.67 2.0 - - 0 0.67 2.0
(SAR:W/kg)
No. of animals examined 50 10]a 50 [26] 50 [14] 50 [20] 50 [13] 50 [6] 50 [18] 50 [9] 50 [18] 50 [15]
Pancreas
Firm 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Covered with small granules 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Nodule/Single 0 1 1 0 1 5 [2] 1 [1] 1 1 1
Nodule/Several 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Liver
Discolored 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Discolored/Pale 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 2 0
Discolored/Yellow 1 [1] 1 [1] 0 0 1 [1] 1 [1] 2 [2] 0 0 0
Rough surface 4 [1] 3 [2] 2 [2] 1 2 3 [1] 1 2 3 [2] 1 [1]
Mottled 2 [2] 2 [2] 0 2 [2] 1 1 [1] 0 0 0 0
Diaphragmatic nodule 7 [2] 6 [2] 9 [1] 12 [3] 9 5 7 5 4 4
Discolored spot/Single 3 1 2 4 1 4 5 0 4 3
Discolored spot/Several 0 2 [1] 0 2 1 2 2 [1] 0 0 1
Discolored spot/Multiple 6 2 [1] 3 3 2 0 0 1 0 0
Discolored area/Single 3 1 2 1 0 0 1 3 2 1 [1]
Discolored area/Several 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 [1] 0
Discolored area/Multiple 0 2 [1] 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0
Raised area/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Nodule/Single 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
Nodule/Discolored/Single 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Nodule/Discolored/Multiple 0 0 1 [1] 2 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kidney
Hydronephrosis 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0
Discolored 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0
Recessed area 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 2 1 1
Rough surface 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 [2] 0
Mottled 0 1 0 0 0 3 2 0 0 1 [1]
Cyst/Single 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1
Cyst/Several 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Discolored spot/Single 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
Discolored spot/Several 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Discolored area/Single 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Nodule/Discolored/Single 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Urinary bladder
Contained material/Black 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Enlargement 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0
Discolored/Red 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dilatation 1 [1] 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Contained fluid/Dark red 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0
Contained fluid/Red 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 [2]
Distended with calculus 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Thickening 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Nodule/Single 1 [1] 1 [1] 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Testis
Small - - - - - 20 17 [6] 22 [2] 27 [7] 25 [4]
Enlargement - - - - - 16 10 10 11 12
Discolored - - - - - 1 [1] 1 1 1 [1] 1
Covered with small granules - - - - - 2 0 0 1 1
Discolored spot/Single - - - - - 1 0 0 0 0
Discolored area/Single - - - - - 9 [1] 6 [2] 10 [2] 11 [4]┐#13 [1]
Discolored area/Several - - - - - 34 [2] 29 [4] 32 [1] 22 ┘ 23 [1]
Prostate
Cyst - - - - - 0 0 0 1 [1] 0
Small - - - - - 0 0 1 [1] 0 0
Discolored area/Single - - - - - 2 [1] 1 0 0 0
Nodule/Single - - - - - 0 0 1 0 0
Nodule/mass/Single - - - - - 0 1 [1] 0 0 0
Epididymis
Small - - - - - 0 1 [1] 0 0 0
Covered with small granules - - - - - 2 0 1 [1] 1 1
Seminal vesicle
Small - - - - - 0 1 [1] 1 [1] 0 0
Enlargement - - - - - 1 0 0 0 0
Ovary
Cyst 9 5 [3] 5 4 [2] 8 [1] - - - -
-Nodule/Discolored/Single 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 - - - -
-Uterus
Distended with fluid 2 1 4 2 4 - - - -
-Distended with fluid/Dark red 4 2 2 2 1 - - - -
-Discolored 0 0 1 0 2 - - - -
-Dilatation 10 [1] 8 [1] 12 12 [1] 9 - - - -
-Distended with nodule 0 1 1 [1] 2 [1] 2 - - - -
-Covered with small granules 0 0 0 1 0 - - - -
-Cyst/Single 0 2 0 1 0 - - - -
-Discolored spot/Single 1 0 0 0 0 - - - -
-Discolored area/Single 1 1 2 1 2 - - - -
-Nodule/Single 1 3 [2] 3 0 0 - - - -
-Nodule/Discolored/Single 0 2 [2] 0 0 0 - - - -
-Nodule/Discolored/Several 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 - - - -
-Mass/Single 2 [2] 1 [1] 1 1 [1] 0 - - - -
-Vagina
Distended with material/Gelatinous 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 - - - -
-Distended with material/White 0 0 0 0 1 [1] - - - -
-Dilatation 1 0 0 1 [1] 0 - - - -
-Distended with fluid/Dark red 0 1 0 0 0 - - - -
-Nodule/Discolored/Single 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 - - - -
-Bone
Thinning/Skull 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0
Femur
Nodule/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Musculature
Small/Hindlimb 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0
a : Brackets are number of dead animal.
# : Significantly different from control group 8 at P<0.05.
FEMALE MALE
44
TABLE 6
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU GROSS PATHOLOGY DATA
STUDY NO. 0302
ORGAN SEX
---AND GROUP NO. --- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
FINDINGS ENU --- - + + + + - + + + +
EXPOSURE LEVEL --- - - 0 0.67 2.0 - - 0 0.67 2.0
(SAR:W/kg)
No. of animals examined 50 10]a 50 [26] 50 [14] 50 [20] 50 [13] 50 [6] 50 [18] 50 [9] 50 [18] 50 [15]
Skin/subcutis
Discolored/Yellow 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0
Crust/Back region 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Thickening/Inguinal region 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gelatinous material/Face/Several 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nodule/mass/Face/Single 0 1 [1] 1 [1] 0 1 [1] 3 1 0 1 0
Nodule/mass/Eye lid/Single 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Nodule/mass/Pinna/Single 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
Nodule/mass/Mouth/Single 1 [1] 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nodule/mass/Neck region/Single 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 2 1 2 2 [1] 0
Nodule/mass/Back region/Single 1 [1] 0 1 0 0 5 3 [2] 4 3 1
Nodule/mass/Back region/Several 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
Nodule/mass/Back region/Multiple 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Nodule/mass/Lumbar region/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Nodule/mass/Axillary region/Single 3 [1] 6 [2] 2 2 2 2 4 2 1 2
Nodule/mass/Thoracic region/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
Nodule/mass/Thoracic region/Several 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Nodule/mass/Flank/Single 1 0 0 1 [1] 1 1 6 [2]┐* 3 1 [1] 2 [1]
Nodule/mass/Flank/Several 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ┘ 0 0 0
Nodule/mass/Abdominal region/Single 2 2 2 [1] 0 3 3 [2] 3 [1] 0 2 [1] 0
Nodule/mass/Abdominal region/Several 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Nodule/mass/Perigenital region/Single 2 2 [1] 1 3 1 [1] 0 3 [2] 3 3 [1] 0
Nodule/mass/Perigenital region/Several 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 [1] 0 0 0
Nodule/mass/Inguinal region/Single 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
Nodule/mass/Hindlimb/Single 0 0 0 2 [1] 0 0 1 1 0 0
Nodule/mass/Tail/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
White material/Thoracic region/Single 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Discolored material/Neck region/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0
Eye
Discolored/Dark red 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0
Discolored/Red 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 1 0 0 0
Discolored/White 5 [1] 2 2 [1] 4 [2] 7 [1] 6 7 3 5 1
Discolored/Yellow 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0
Exophthalmos 3 1 0 2 [2] 0 5 1 0 2 1
Wound 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Nodule/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0
Brain
Discolored 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0
Softening 0 0 2 [2] 0 2 [2] 0 1 [1] 0 1 [1] 2 [2]
Enlargement 0 1 [1] 0 2 [2] 1 [1] 0 0 2 [2] 0 0
Contained fluid 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Contained fluid/Clear 0 1 [1] 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Contained fluid/Yellow 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0
Covered with white material 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 1 [1] 0
Attached with firm material 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Discolored spot/Single 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0
Discolored spot/Several 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1]
Discolored spot/Multiple 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0
Discolored area/Single 1 [1] 5 [5] 6 [6] 4 [4] 8 [5] 1 [1] 7 [7]┐* 3 [3] 6 [6] 8 [8]
Discolored area/Several 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 │ 0 1 [1] 1 [1]
Discolored area/Multiple 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 ┘ 0 0 0
Nodule/Single 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nodule/Discolored/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0
Spinal cord
Cyst/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Nodule/Discolored/Single 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Discolored area/Single 2 [2] 1 [1] 2 [2] 0 0 1 [1] 1 [1] 3 [3] 3 [3] 2 [2]
Discolored area/Several 0 1 [1] 1 [1] 1 [1] 0 0 2 [2] 0 1 [1] 0
Discolored area/Multiple 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1]
Thoracic cavity
Contained fluid 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Contained fluid/Red 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 [1] 0
Wall covered with small granules 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Nodule/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0
Nodule/Multiple 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
Nodule/Discolored/Single 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Abdominal cavity
Contained material/Yellow 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 1 [1] 1 [1] 0 0 0
Contained fluid 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0
Contained fluid/Dark red 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Contained fluid/Red 0 1 [1] 1 [1] 2 [2] 1 [1] 1 [1] 0 1 [1] 1 [1] 0
Wall covered with small granules 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 1 1
Nodule/Single 0 0 0 0 2 [1] 1 1 0 0 1 [1]
Mass/Single 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0
Mouth
Overgrown teeth 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fat
Covered with small nodules/Abdominal region 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Red material/Abdominal region/Single 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Yellow material/Abdominal region/Single 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 1 2 0
Nodule/Abdominal region/Multiple 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cyst/Abdominal region/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Eyelid
Swelling 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Ear
Nodule/Single 0 1 [1] 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Diaphragm
Nodule/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Mesentery
Firm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Nodule/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1]
Nodule/Multiple 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fur
Alopecia/Whole body 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
Alopecia/Face 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0
Scrotal sac
Wall covered with small granules - - - - - 2 0 0 0 1
Nodule/mass/Single - - - - - 0 0 1 [1] 0 0
a : Brackets are number of dead animal.
* : Significantly different from control group 6 at P<0.05.
FEMALE MALE
45
TABLE 6
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU GROSS PATHOLOGY DATA
STUDY NO. 0302
ORGAN SEX
---AND GROUP NO. --- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
FINDINGS ENU --- - + + + + - + + + +
EXPOSURE LEVEL --- - - 0 0.67 2.0 - - 0 0.67 2.0
(SAR:W/kg)
No. of animals examined 50 10]a 50 [26] 50 [14] 50 [20] 50 [13] 50 [6] 50 [18] 50 [9] 50 [18] 50 [15]
Trigeminal nerve
Enlargement 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Nodule/Single 0 0 0 1 [1] 1 [1] 0 1 [1] 0 0 0
Nodule/Discolored/Single 0 0 0 3 [3] 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0
Discolored area/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0
Tail
Nodule/mass/Single 0 1 [1] 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Medulla oblongata
Discolored area/Single 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ureter
Dilatation 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mandible
Nodule/Single 0 0 0 0 1 [1] 0 0 0 0 0
Lumbus
Nodule/Discolored/Single 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [1]
a : Brackets are number of dead animal.
FEMALE MALE
46
TABLE 7
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU FINAL BODY AND ORGAN WEIGHT DATA (G, MEAN ± S.D.)
STUDY NO. 0302
SEX GROUP NO. OF FINAL Brain Pituitary Heart
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL EXAMINED B.W.
(SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 40 256.3 ± 26.1 1.9091 ± 0.0455 0.0198 ± 0.0126 0.7439 ± 0.0474
2 + - 24 247.0 ± 31.3 1.8960 ± 0.0404 0.0234 ± 0.0206 0.7490 ± 0.0646
3 + 0 36 220.8 ± 23.0 1.9017 ± 0.0498 0.0234 ± 0.0158 0.7120 ± 0.1107
4 + 0.67 30 226.6 ± 21.2 1.8852 ± 0.0393 0.0241 ± 0.0178 0.6881 ± 0.0438
5 + 2.0 37 225.7 ± 26.5 1.9130 ± 0.0694 0.0186 ± 0.0090 0.6862 ± 0.0572
MALE 6 - - 44 433.2 ± 36.2 2.1268 ± 0.0446 0.0217 ± 0.0217 1.1358 ± 0.1208
7 + - 32 434.9 ± 60.6 2.1143 ± 0.0456 0.0203 ± 0.0175 1.1284 ± 0.0859
8 + 0 41 379.3 ± 28.7 2.0947 ± 0.0453 0.0145 ± 0.0046 1.0285 ± 0.0995
9 + 0.67 32 373.7 ± 26.3 2.0794 ± 0.0603 0.0187 ± 0.0212 # 1.0230 ± 0.0825
10 + 2.0 35 375.4 ± 24.8 2.1047 ± 0.0506 0.0157 ± 0.0059 1.0168 ± 0.0828
SEX GROUP NO. OF Liver Kidneys Spleen
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL EXAMINED (SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 40 6.1687 ± 1.0584 1.6755 ± 0.1398 1.1519 ± 2.2911
2 + - 24 5.9088 ± 0.8897 1.6789 ± 0.1193 0.5786 ± 0.1570
3 + 0 36 5.3125 ± 0.9003 1.5185 ± 0.0925 0.8451 ± 1.0861
4 + 0.67 30 5.3411 ± 1.3538 1.5171 ± 0.1459 0.5495 ± 0.2287
5 + 2.0 37 5.0895 ± 0.7039 1.4792 ± 0.0841 ## 0.8140 ± 0.8966
MALE 6 - - 44 10.4401 ± 1.4039 2.7425 ± 0.2173 1.2865 ± 0.7976
7 + - 32 10.4381 ± 1.3031 2.7228 ± 0.1995 1.3098 ± 1.3256
8 + 0 41 8.6476 ± 1.2441 2.4317 ± 0.1624 1.2997 ± 1.1584
9 + 0.67 32 8.2065 ± 0.8242 2.4049 ± 0.1584 0.9310 ± 0.5524 ##
10 + 2.0 35 8.1955 ± 0.7565 2.4541 ± 0.1903 0.9056 ± 0.2454
SEX GROUP NO. OF Adrenals Testes
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL EXAMINED /Ovaries
(SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 40 0.0542 ± 0.0347 0.1259 ± 0.1057
2 + - 24 0.0518 ± 0.0094 0.0952 ± 0.0397
3 + 0 36 0.0514 ± 0.0061 0.0966 ± 0.0472
4 + 0.67 30 0.0514 ± 0.0077 0.1008 ± 0.0988(n=29)
5 + 2.0 37 0.0483 ± 0.0107 ### 0.0914 ± 0.0458
MALE 6 - - 44 0.0674 ± 0.0699 3.6469 ± 1.5133
7 + - 32 0.0565 ± 0.0208(n=31) 3.4393 ± 0.9595
8 + 0 41 0.0509 ± 0.0066 3.4698 ± 1.0841
9 + 0.67 32 0.0530 ± 0.0274 3.4874 ± 1.4282
10 + 2.0 35 0.0687 ± 0.1010 3.4912 ± 1.1545
# : Significantly different from control group 8 at P<0.05 (Dunnett or Steel).
## : Significantly different from control group 3,8 at P<0.05 (Dunnett or Steel).
### : Significantly different from control group 3 at P<0.05 (Dunnett or Steel).
TREATMENT
TREATMENT
TREATMENT
47
TABLE 8
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU ORGAN TO BODY WEIGHT RATIO DATA (G/100G BW, MEAN ± S.D.)
STUDY NO. 0302
SEX GROUP NO. OF Brain Pituitary Heart
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL EXAMINED (SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 40 0.7523 ± 0.0767 0.0079 ± 0.0053 0.2928 ± 0.0323
2 + - 24 0.7805 ± 0.1098 0.0095 ± 0.0088 0.3061 ± 0.0315
3 + 0 36 0.8690 ± 0.0804 0.0107 ± 0.0078 0.3236 ± 0.0441
4 + 0.67 30 0.8382 ± 0.0695 # 0.0107 ± 0.0078 0.3050 ± 0.0210 #
5 + 2.0 37 0.8599 ± 0.1148 0.0085 ± 0.0059 0.3064 ± 0.0269
MALE 6 - - 44 0.4943 ± 0.0414 0.0050 ± 0.0051 0.2639 ± 0.0385
7 + - 32 0.4930 ± 0.0528 0.0048 ± 0.0044 0.2623 ± 0.0296
8 + 0 41 0.5550 ± 0.0405 0.0039 ± 0.0014 0.2717 ± 0.0240
9 + 0.67 32 0.5591 ± 0.0406 0.0050 ± 0.0059 0.2751 ± 0.0308
10 + 2.0 35 0.5629 ± 0.0382 0.0042 ± 0.0017 0.2715 ± 0.0218
SEX GROUP NO. OF Liver Kidneys Spleen
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL EXAMINED (SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 40 2.4237 ± 0.4455 0.6603 ± 0.0922 0.4560 ± 0.8914
2 + - 24 2.4067 ± 0.3329 0.6877 ± 0.0807 0.2393 ± 0.0792
3 + 0 36 2.4139 ± 0.3966 0.6916 ± 0.0524 0.3944 ± 0.5417
4 + 0.67 30 2.3743 ± 0.6847 0.6735 ± 0.0817 # 0.2457 ± 0.1126
5 + 2.0 37 2.2768 ± 0.3793 # 0.6635 ± 0.0826 # 0.3874 ± 0.5106
MALE 6 - - 44 2.4165 ± 0.3097 0.6369 ± 0.0695 0.2980 ± 0.1734
7 + - 32 2.4185 ± 0.3001 0.6354 ± 0.0864 0.3047 ± 0.3108
8 + 0 41 2.2856 ± 0.3330 0.6432 ± 0.0506 0.3460 ± 0.3220
9 + 0.67 32 2.1978 ± 0.1774 0.6449 ± 0.0390 0.2500 ± 0.1421
10 + 2.0 35 2.1852 ± 0.1686 0.6554 ± 0.0547 0.2426 ± 0.0705
SEX GROUP NO. OF Adrenals Testes
NO. ENU EXPOSURE LEVEL EXAMINED /Ovaries
(SAR:W/kg)
FEMALE 1 - - 40 0.0218 ± 0.0171 0.0494 ± 0.0415
2 + - 24 0.0211 ± 0.0029 0.0388 ± 0.0161
3 + 0 36 0.0234 ± 0.0032 0.0443 ± 0.0221
4 + 0.67 30 0.0227 ± 0.0028 0.0445 ± 0.0424(n=29)
5 + 2.0 37 0.0216 ± 0.0052 # 0.0404 ± 0.0187
MALE 6 - - 44 0.0153 ± 0.0147 0.8439 ± 0.3440
7 + - 32 0.0132 ± 0.0047(n=31) 0.8100 ± 0.2549
8 + 0 41 0.0135 ± 0.0016 0.9208 ± 0.3020
9 + 0.67 32 0.0141 ± 0.0067 0.9261 ± 0.3540
10 + 2.0 35 0.0188 ± 0.0293 0.9327 ± 0.3046
# : Significantly different from control group 3 at P<0.05 (Dunnett or Steel).
TREATMENT
TREATMENT
TREATMENT
48
TABLE 9
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU SUMMARY OF NEOPLASTIC LESIONS IN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - ALL ANIMALS
STUDY NO. 0302
ORGAN SEX --- FEMALE MALE
AND GROUP NO. --- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
FINDINGS ENU --- - + + + + - + + + +
EXPOSURE LEVEL -- - - 0 0.67 2.0 - - 0 0.67 2.0
(SAR:W/kg)
No. of animals examined -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Brain
Astrocytoma 1a 6 3 5 9 1 6 3 5 6
Oligodendroglioma 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Mixed glioma 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 2
Ependymoma 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Granular cell tumor 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Meningioma 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
Total no. of animals bearing tumor (%) 1(2) 7(14) 5(10) 5(10) 11(22) 1(2) 8(16) 4(8) 8(16) 8(16)
Total no. of tumor 1 7 5 5 11 1 8 4 8 8
Spinal cord
Astrocytoma 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Mixed glioma 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Reticulosis, malignant 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Total no. of animals bearing tumor (%) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(2) 1(2) 0(0) 1(2)
Total no. of tumor 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
a : No. of animals
TABLE 10
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU SUMMARY OF NEOPLASTIC LESIONS IN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - FOUND DEAD OR MORIBUND SACRIFICE STUDY NO. 0302
ORGAN SEX --- FEMALE MALE
AND GROUP NO. --- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
FINDINGS ENU --- - + + + + - + + + +
EXPOSURE LEVEL -- - - 0 0.67 2.0 - - 0 0.67 2.0
(SAR:W/kg)
No. of animals examined -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Brain
Astrocytoma 0a 6* 3 5 6 0 4 3 4 5
Oligodendroglioma 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Mixed glioma 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 2
Ependymoma 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Meningioma 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
Total no. of animals bearing tumor (%) 0(0) 7(14) 5(10) 5(10) 8(16) 0(0) 5(10) 4(8) 7(14) 7(14)
Total no. of tumor 0 7 5 5 8 0 5 4 7 7
Spinal cord
Mixed glioma 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Reticulosis, malignant 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Total no. of animals bearing tumor (%) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(2) 0(0) 1(2)
Total no. of tumor 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
a : No. of animals
* : Significantly different from control group at 1 P<0.05.
49
TABLE 14
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU SUMMARY OF NEOPLASTIC LESIONS - ALL ANIMALS
STUDY NO. 0302
ORGAN SEX
---AND GROUP NO. --- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
FINDINGS ENU --- - + + + + - + + + +
EXPOSURE LEVEL -- - - 0 0.67 2.0 - - 0 0.67 2.0
(SAR:W/kg)
No. of animals/group 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Heart
Hemangioma 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Spleen
Hemangiosarcoma 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
Sarcoma, histiocytic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Thymus
Thymoma 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
Pituitary
Adenoma, pars distalis 16 12 19 14 12 9 9 5 8 7
Adenoma, pars intermedia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Carcinoma, pars distalis 0 3 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
Thyroid
Adenoma, C-cell 12 5 3 5 3 14 6 * 8 7 12
Adenoma, follicular cell 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1
Carcinoma, C-cell 1 4 2 0 2 4 2 0 0 3
Carcinoma, follicular cell 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1
Parathyroid
Adenoma 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Adrenal
Adenoma, cortical 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
Complex pheochromocytoma 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Neuroblastoma 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Pheochromocytoma 2 2 1 2 3 2 3 0 1 0
Carcinoma, cortical 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Malignant pheochromocytoma 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Nasal cavity
Adenoma 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Lung/bronchial
Adenoma, bronchiolo-alveolar 0 1 3 0 0 2 5 4 1 3
Adenocarcinoma, bronchiolo-alveolar 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 2
Carcinoma, squamous cell 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Tongue
Papilloma, squamous cell 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
Colon
Leiomyoma 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pancreas
Adenoma, acinar cell 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
Adenoma, islet cell 0 1 0 0 0 4 2 1 1 6
Adenoma, mixed acinar-islet cell 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Carcinoma, islet cell 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
Liver
Adenoma, hepatocellular 4 1 3 0 0 3 2 4 1 0
Carcinoma, hepatocellular 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Kidney
Adenoma, tubule cell 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Teratoma 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Carcinoma, renal cell 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Nephroblastoma 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Urinary bladder
Papilloma, transitional cell 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Testis
Tumor, interstitial cell 44 39 43 36 36
Prostate
Adenoma 4 2 0 1 3
Adenocarcinoma 0 0 1 0 0
Carcinoma 0 0 1 0 0
Prep./ Clit. gland [1]b [1]b [1]b [1]b [2]b [3]b [2]b [2]b
Adenoma 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
Carcinoma 1 0 0 1 2 2 2 2
Mammary gland
Fibroadenoma 6 3 2 5 4 0 1 0 1 0
Fibroma 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Adenocarcinoma 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uterus
Adenoma 0 0 1 0 0
Leiomyoma 0 0 0 1 0
Polyp, endometrial stromal 7 9 9 8 10
Adenocarcinoma 1 4 0 1 1
Malignant schwannoma 1 1 1 1 0
Sarcoma, endometrial stromal 0 1 0 0 1
Sarcoma, unclassified 1 0 0 0 0
Bone [1]b [1]b [1]b [1]b
Osteosarcoma, vertebra 1 1 0 0
Femur
Osteoma 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Osteosarcoma 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Skin/subcutis
Fibroma 0 1 2 1 2 7 11 10 7 2 #
Hemangioma 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1
Keratoacanthoma 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 1 1 0
Leiomyoma 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Lipoma 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0
Papilloma, squamous cell 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
Schwannoma 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
Trichoepithelioma 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Carcinoma, basal cell 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Fibrosarcoma 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
Liposarcoma 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Malignant schwannoma 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0
Sarcoma, histiocytic 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Zymbal's gland
Carcinoma 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
Brain
Astrocytoma 1 6 3 5 9 1 6 3 5 6
Ependymoma 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Granular cell tumor 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Meningioma 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
Mixed glioma 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 2
Oligodendroglioma 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Spinal cord
Astrocytoma 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Mixed glioma 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Reticulosis, malignant 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Thoracic cavity [2]b [1]b [2]b [1]b [1]b
Malignant schwannoma 2 0 1 0 1
Mesothelioma 0 1 0 0 0
Sarcoma, NOS 0 0 0 1 0
Abdominal cavity [1]b [1]b [3]b [3]b [2]b [1]b [2]b
Malignant schwannoma 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
Mesothelioma 0 0 0 2 1 1 1
Sarcoma, unclassified 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Peripheral nerve [1]b [1]b [2]b [4]b [1]b
Schwannoma 0 0 0 2 0
Malignant schwannoma 1 1 2 2 1
Trigeminal nerve [4]b [1]b [2]b [2]b
Malignant schwannoma 3 1 2 1
All sites
Leukemia, large granular lymphocytic 10 6 10 9 6 23 10 ** 9 5 2 #
Leukemia, myeloid 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lymphoblastic lymphoma 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Malignant lymphoma 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sarcoma, histiocytic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Mandible [1]b
Odontoma 1
b : Numbers in square bracket are for animals examined microscopically.
*, ** : Significantly different from control group at 1,6 P<0.05, 0.01, respectively.
#, ## : Significantly different from control group 3,8 at P<0.05, 0.01, respectively.
FEMALE MALE
50
TABLE 15
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD(2GHz) ON RAT BRAIN CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENU NUMBER OF TUMORS (BENIGN AND/OR MALIGNANT) AND NUMBER OF TUMOR-BEARING ANIMALS STUDY NO. 0302
ORGAN SEX
---AND GROUP NO. --- 1 2 3 4 5
FINDINGS ENU --- - + + + +
EXPOSURE LEVEL -- - - 0 0.67 2.0
(SAR:W/kg)
Number of benign tumors (%)a 51 (72.9%) 39 (54.2%) 48 (64.9%) 39 (63.9%) 38 (59.4%) Number of malignant tumors (%)a 19 (27.1%) 33 (45.8%) 26 (35.1%) 22 (36.1%) 26 (40.6%)
Number of tumors 70 72 74 61 64
Number of animals with a single tumor (%)b 15 (30.0%) 21 (42.0%) 25 (50.0%) 27 (54.0%) 22 (44.0%) Number of animals with multiple tumors (%)b 24 (48.0%) 22 (44.0%) 20 (40.0%) 13 (26.0%) 18 (36.0%) Number of animals with tumors (%)b 39 (78.0%) 43 (86.0%) 45 (90.0%) 40 (80.0%) 40 (80.0%)
Number of animals examined 50 50 50 50 50
Number of benign tumors (%)a 101 (71.1%) 95 (73.6%) 77 (73.3%) 69 (72.6%) 75 (75.8%) Number of malignant tumors (%)a 41 (28.9%) 34 (26.4%) 28 (26.7%) 26 (27.4%) 24 (24.2%)
Number of tumors 142 129 105 95 99
Number of animals with a single tumor (%)b 5 (10.0%) 10 (20.0%) 14 (28.0%) 19 (38.0%) 21 (42.0%) Number of animals with multiple tumors (%)b 45 (90.0%) 39 (78.0%) 35 (70.0%) 31 (62.0%) 29 (58.0%) Number of animals with tumors (%)b 50 (100.0%) 49 (98.0%) 49 (98.0%) 50 (100.0%) 50 (100.0%)
Number of animals examined 50 50 50 50 50
a : Percentage for total number of tumors b : Tumor incidence
*, ** : Significantly different from control group at 1,6 P<0.05, 0.01, respectively.
#, ## : Significantly different from control group 3,8 at P<0.05, 0.01, respectively.
FEMALE