... Another point that is worth mentioning is that this observation provides further evidence that subsyllabic structures matter in the computation of prosodic markedness in Japanese. In terms of moraic structure, HL and LH ...
... As reviewed throughout this article, many different methodologies are possible to investigate different aspects of phonological knowledge, and researchers often face the question of what[r] ...
... 5.2.3. Other constructions, other languages Our study focused on a very speciic environment: the interpretation of elided subjects in Japanese and Mandarin Chinese. It is not the case that our choice is random: we ...
... (Batchelder, 1999; Griner, 2005; Vance, 1987, 1991), and that it is likely that Japanese speakers simply memorize all the inflected forms. In the first nonce-word study of verbal conjugation patterns, Vance (1987) found ...
... model. We also included random intercepts for talker and for word. Table 2 provides a summary of the fixed factors in the baseline model; Table 3 summarizes the Entropy model. Both models were fit to 280,550 data ...
... In a provocative article, Labrune ( 2012b ) argues that there is little pho- netic or psycholinguistic evidence for syllables in Tokyo Japanese (hence- forth Japanese), and that phonolog[r] ...
... The orthographic effects on final devoicing have been examined in other studies on incomplete neutralization as well [Ernestus and Baayen, 2006; Kharlamov, 2012; Warner et al., 2004, 2[r] ...
... LEE, Seunghun (ICU) & KAWAHARA, Shigeto (Keio) How do we then explain the patterns in (2)? We maintain that the same principle that Shaw et al. (2014) argue for—keep P(message| signal, context) high (Hall et al. ...
... M AX E NT A NALYSIS : The results show that OCP(lab) is active on the patterning of rendaku.. Rendaku as a stochastic phonological alternation: Multiple OCP constraints and MaxEnt.. -[r] ...
... 3) EMA is a useful tool to quantify the degrees of jaw dis- placement (see e.g. Erickson et al. 2012). In some cases, it is necessary to factor out the effect of vowel height to di- rectly see the prosodic ...
... In contrastively emphasized speech, however, an op- posite effect is found, with low jaw opening occurring with high F0. That is, emphasized syllables have more jaw opening than non-emphasized syllables, [2, 3, 4, ...