学内研究消息、
講演会
平成6年10月19日（水）午後3時 視聴覚室
Political and Social Movements in Eastern Europe ： Housing and Environmental lssues ケント大学都市地域研究所教授 Prof． Chris Pickvance With the breakup of the social regimes in Eastern Europe， many of the successor governments have been privatising both their housing stock and government businesses． Professor Pickvance and his colleagues have been inves− tigating the process of privatisation and its political consequences in three countries in the region ： Hungary， Estonia， and Russia． The first phase of the research has been concerned with privatisation of the housing stock， the compo− sition of which is rather different in the three countries ： in Hungary， even before 1989， there was a large rural privately controlled sector， from which many people commuted in the city， while the bulk of the housing stock in the former Soviet Union was controlled by the state． ln Hungary， for some years before 1989 tenants in state housing had the right to sell their tenancy， though few in fact did so， while in the Soviet Union they had no such rights． In both Hungary and the former Soviet Union， the process of privatisation has been gathering speed since 1989， with around a third of the housing stock already privatised． However， the speed of privatisation has varied from area to area， depending on the attitude of the local political authorities， and the quality of the housing stock， which is very variable． （Some housing is in such poor condition that tenants do not want to own it．） The terms on which the houses have been privatised have also varied， with some local authorities selling housing to tenants at a cost determined by the length of their tenancy， and others simply giving the housing away in the hope of generating local political support．234 仙田左千夫教授退官記念論文集（第292号） The process has been complicated in Russia particularly by the many changes in local government structure and the abolition of many pre−existing institu− tions． The situation has been made even more complex by the compeition between different levels of government for control of resources which can be used to generate income or political support． The research had also focused on the political movements and organisations which have developed around this process of privatisation． These have also changed their nature as the process of privatisation has continued， with former tenant’s associations becoming residents’ associations as their members have acquired their own housing． ln general these associations have been much more active in Hungary and Russia than in Estonia． There is also a difference in the perceptions of the usefulness of participating in these associations among the general public in these two countries ： in general， Russians put greater faith in the benefits of becoming active in them． This may be because Hungarians have a wider range of housing options available outside state sector． The next phase of the research will concentrate on the environmental problems caused by the privatisation of state enterprises and the environmental movements in the region． Paradoxically， environmental movements were rnost active in the 1980s when they were one of the few forms of political protest tolerated by the governrnents．（This was because many of the leaders were government scientists whose views could not be ignored by the government．） On the other hand， with the political changes after 1989， many of these activists have joined the new political parties， so that the environmental problem is now only one of many political issues under debate． （Jeremy S． Eades）
学内研究消息 235
平成6年10月28日 （金）午後3時 陵水会館会議室
21世紀の社会システム
東京工業大学教授 今田高俊 氏
今田氏の近著『混沌の力』をベースに，その内容のポイントが紹介され，つづい
て質疑応答が行われた。氏によると，社会の編制原理は「構造→機能→意味」という変遷を遂げるとされ
る。つまり中世は堅固な身分制的社会構造，近代は社会の機能的パフォーマンスを
中心に社会が営まれたが，来たる21世紀の社会では，「意味」をその構成原理として
含む社会システムが構想しなければならないという。
質疑応答では，ネットワーク組織や日本的経営などが上記図式にそくしてどう解
釈されるか，21世紀の将来性はどうか，など，参加者の問題関心に引き寄せた議論
がなされ，これに対して今田氏の個人的な考えが披露された。この点，特に有意義
であった。 （黒石 晋 記）
236 仙田左千夫教授退官記念論文集（第292号）
