国際人道支援の変容と可能性 : 冷戦終結以後の人道的介入の正当化に関する議論を中心に

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(1)©Tohoku University, JAPAN. COVER SHEET TYPE: Doctoral Thesis TITLE: 国際人道支援の変容と可能性 : 冷戦終結以後の人道的介入の正当化に関する議論を中心に AUTHOR: 上野, 友也(kamino, tomoya) ISSUED: 2007. Accessed from http://ir.library.tohoku.ac.jp/.

(2) ༡ኃᏕనㄵᩝ. ᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡንᐖ࡛ྊ⬗ᛮ ̿෫ᡋ⤂⤎௧ᚃࡡெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔ໩࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㆗ㄵࢅ୯ᚨ࡞̿. ᖲᠺ 19㸝2007㸞ᖳ 1 ᭮ 5 ᪝ ᮶໪ኬᏕኬᏕ㝌ἪᏕ◂✪⛁༡ኃㄚ⛤ᚃ᭿ ୕㔕 ཪஒ.

(3) ┘ḗ ᗆㄵ ..........................................................................................................................................................................1 ➠ 1 㒂 ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡᅗ㝷໩ ...............................................................................................................................13 ➠ 1 ❮ ᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ⤄⧂࡛ᶭ⬗..........................................................................................................13 1 ᗆㄵ...........................................................................................................................................................13 2 ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ୹మ̿ᅗහ୹మ .................................................................................................................14 3 ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ୹మ̿ᅗ㝷୹మ .................................................................................................................14 (1) ᅗᐓ ...................................................................................................................................................15 (2) 㟸ᅗᐓ୹మ.......................................................................................................................................17 4 ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡᶭ⬗ ......................................................................................................................................25 5 ⤎ㄊ...........................................................................................................................................................26 ➠ 2 ❮ ᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡṌྍ ......................................................................................................................32 1 ᗆㄵ...........................................................................................................................................................32 2 ୹ᶊᅗᐓమโ࡛ᡋண..............................................................................................................................33 3 ᡋண࡛ெ㐠ᨥᥴ ......................................................................................................................................35 (1) ெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭ࡡᙟᠺ ......................................................................................................................35 (2) ᅗ㝷ெ㐠Ἢ࡛㛭㏻᮪⣑ࡡᙟᠺ......................................................................................................39 4 ᡋணࡡ㐢Ἢ໩࡛㞗ᅆᏭධಕ㝸 .............................................................................................................47 5 ᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡⓆᒈ࡛ᣉኬ .................................................................................................................49 6 ᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡛㞗ᅆᏭධಕ㝸ࡡ⤎ྙ .................................................................................................50 7 ⤎ㄊ...........................................................................................................................................................52 ➠ 3 ❮ ᅗ㝷ெ㐠୹⩇ࡡᛦ᝷ ......................................................................................................................59 1 ᗆㄵ...........................................................................................................................................................59 2 ெ㐠୹⩇ࡡᴣᛍ ......................................................................................................................................60 (1) ㎙᭡ࡡᏽ⩇.......................................................................................................................................60 (2) ெ㐠୹⩇࡛༡យ୹⩇ ......................................................................................................................61 (3) ெ㐠୹⩇࡛ࣃ࣭࣏ࣖࢼࢫ࣑࣬ெᶊ .............................................................................................62 3 ெ㐠୹⩇ࡡぞ⠂Ⓩᇱ♇..........................................................................................................................65 (1) ᏺᩅⓏ౮ೋ.......................................................................................................................................66 (2) ୠಐⓏ౮ೋ.......................................................................................................................................69 (3) ࢤࢪ࣓࣎ࣛࢰࢼࢫ࣑࡛ࢤ࣐ࣖࢼࢰࣛ࢓ࢼࢫ࣑ .........................................................................73 4 ெ㐠୹⩇ࡡぞ⠂Ⓩ㛭౿..........................................................................................................................77 (1) ெ㐠୹⩇ࡡᶊฺ ..............................................................................................................................77 (2) ἪⓏ⩇ຸ࡛㐠ᚠⓏ⩇ຸ ..................................................................................................................79 (3) 㝼ெយࡡ⩇ຸ...................................................................................................................................80 (4) ெ㐠୹⩇ࡡ⩇ຸ ..............................................................................................................................86 5 ெ㐠୹⩇ࡡぞ⠂Ⓩཋ์..........................................................................................................................93 (1) ㉝༎Ꮚᇱᮇཋ์ ..............................................................................................................................93 (2) ெ㐠୹⩇ࡡெ㐠ᛮ ..........................................................................................................................97.

(4) (3) ெ㐠୹⩇ࡡපᖲᛮ ..........................................................................................................................98 (4) ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ୯❟ᛮ ........................................................................................................................100 6 ⤎ㄊ.........................................................................................................................................................101 ➠ 2 㒂 ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ㌱஥໩ .............................................................................................................................107 ➠ 4 ❮ ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡᐁ㊰ ........................................................................................................................107 1 ᗆㄵ.........................................................................................................................................................107 2 ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡᴣᛍ࡛ᶭ⬗ ...................................................................................................................109 (1) ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡᴣᛍ ........................................................................................................................109 (2) ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡᶭ⬗ ........................................................................................................................112 3 ෫ᡋ⤂⤎௧ᚃࡡெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡ஥ౚ ...................................................................................................116 (1) ࢠࣜࢺ .............................................................................................................................................117 (2) ࢮ࣏ࣛ࢓.........................................................................................................................................121 (3) ࣍ࢪࢼ࢓.........................................................................................................................................131 (4) ࣜ࣠ࣤࢱ.........................................................................................................................................141 (5) ࢤࢮ࢚ࣥ.........................................................................................................................................150 4 ⤎ㄊ.........................................................................................................................................................155 ➠ 5 ❮ ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔ໩ ....................................................................................................................165 1 ᗆㄵ.........................................................................................................................................................165 2 ᡋண࡛ぞ⠂Ѹ୔ࡗࡡ⌦ㄵⓏ₳ὮѸ .......................................................................................................166 (1) ⌟ᐁ୹⩇.........................................................................................................................................166 (2) ⤧ᑊᖲ࿰୹⩇.................................................................................................................................167 (3) ḿᡋㄵ .............................................................................................................................................168 3 ḿᡋㄵ ....................................................................................................................................................169 (1) ḿᡋㄵࡡ⌦ㄵⓏ⣌ㆍ ....................................................................................................................169 (2) ḿᡋㄵࡡㅎᇱ‵ ............................................................................................................................171 (3) ெ㐠୹⩇࡛ḿᡋㄵ ........................................................................................................................177 4 ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࡛ḿᡋㄵ㸝ྙἪᛮ㸞 .......................................................................................................181 5 ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࡛ḿᡋㄵ㸝ḿᙔᛮ㸞 .......................................................................................................185 (1) ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࡛ḿᡋㄵ ....................................................................................................................185 (2) ಕ㆜ࡌࡾ㈈௴.................................................................................................................................186 6 ⤎ㄊ.........................................................................................................................................................194 ➠ 3 㒂 ᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡛ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ.............................................................................................................201 ➠ 6 ❮ ෫ᡋ⤂⤎௧ᚃࡡṂງ⣦ண࡛ெ㐠ᨥᥴ .......................................................................................201 1 ᗆㄵ.........................................................................................................................................................201 2 ෫ᡋ⤂⤎௧ᚃࡡṂງ⣦ண࡛ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ஥ౚ ..................................................................................204 (1) ࢮ࣏ࣛ࢓.........................................................................................................................................204 (2) ࣍ࢪࢼ࢓.........................................................................................................................................206 (3) ࣜ࣠ࣤࢱ.........................................................................................................................................211 3 Ṃງ⣦ணࡡெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡞ᑊࡌࡾᖱῦ ...................................................................................................215 (1) ṌྍⓏさᅄ—᩺ࡊ࠷ᡋண—........................................................................................................216 (2) ᵋ㏸Ⓩさᅄ—ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ⃻⏕—................................................................................................219 (3) ᑚᣋ .................................................................................................................................................222 4 Ṃງ⣦ணୖࡡெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡೳ⁣ ...........................................................................................................222.

(5) (1) ெ㐠୹⩇ཋ์࡞ᑊࡌࡾ༱ᶭ........................................................................................................222 (2) ெ㐠ᨥᥴさဤ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ༱ᐐ........................................................................................................226 (3) ᑚᣋ .................................................................................................................................................232 5 ᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡛ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ ...............................................................................................................232 6 ⤎ㄊ.........................................................................................................................................................233 ⤎ㄵ ......................................................................................................................................................................237 ཤ⩻ᩝ⊡ୌの......................................................................................................................................................241 㜻ᒌ㈠ᩩ 1 ᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡᖳ⾪㸝1850-2005㸞........................................................................................253 㜻ᒌ㈠ᩩ 2 ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡᖳ⾪㸝1990-1999㸞............................................................................................258. ᅒ⾪. ᅒ 1 ᅗ㝷Ⓩ୹మ࡛ᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡛ࡡ㛭౿.........................................................................................16 ᅒ 2 Ḛᕗ㏻ྙெ㐠ᥴຐᑻࡡ㈠㔘ᥞ౩඙㸝2001-2005㸞...................................................................17 ᅒ 3 ᅗ㝷㉝༎Ꮚ࣬㉝᩺᭮♣㐘ິࡡ┞㛭㛭౿ ....................................................................................19 ᅒ 4 ㉝༎Ꮚࡡオ❮..................................................................................................................................23 ᅒ 5 ᅗ㝷ெ㐠Ἢ࡛㛭㏻ࡌࡾᅗ㝷᮪⣑ .................................................................................................47 ᅒ 6 Ꮽධಕ㝸⌦஥ఌ࡞࠽ࡄࡾỬ㆗᤿ᢝᩐ࡛ᢼྫྷᶊ⾔౐ᩐ㸝1946-2005㸞..................................51 ᅒ 7 ࢽࢪࣁ࣑࡛࢚ࢗࢗࣜࢵ࢒࣭ࡡយ࡞㛭ࡌࡾྜྷᚨළ࣓ࢸࣜ........................................................75 ᅒ 8 ᤴ㝎ࡈࡿࡒெ㛣ࡡᏋᅹࡌࡾࢤࢪ࣓࣎ࣛࢰࣤ࣬ࢤ࣐ࣖࢼࢰࣛ࢓࣓ࣤࢸࣜ...........................76 ᅒ 9 ࢜ࣤࢹࡡយࡡ⩇ຸ࡛ᑕ㔔ࡡ⩇ຸ .................................................................................................84 ᅒ 10 ࢜ࣤࢹࡡយࡡ⩇ຸ࡞㛭ࡌࡾྜྷᚨළ࣓ࢸࣜ ..............................................................................86 ᅒ 11 ெ㐠୹⩇ࡡ⩇ຸ㸯យࡡ⛤ᗐ࡛ຉ⦴ࡡ⛤ᗐ ..............................................................................89 ᅒ 12 ெ㐠୹⩇ࡡ⩇ຸ㸯យ࡛⿍ⅇࡡ⛤ᗐ࡛ຉ⦴ࡡ⛤ᗐ ..................................................................90 ᅒ 13 ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡᶭ⬗࡛୹మ࡛ࡡ㛭౿.........................................................................................113 ᅒ 14 ெ㐠୹⩇࡛ᅗ㝷ெ㐠Ἢ .............................................................................................................179 ᅒ 15 ᅗ㏻៿❮ࡡහᨳ୘ᖱῦ⩇ຸ࡛Ṃງ୘⾔౐⩇ຸ ....................................................................181 ᅒ 16 ᅗ㏻៿❮➴࡛ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡྙἪᛮ࡛ࡡ㛭౿ ........................................................................185 ᅒ 17 Ṃງ⣦ணୖࡡெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡᖱῦ࡛ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔ໩࡛ࡡ㛭౿ .......................................203 ᅒ 18 ⣦ணᙔ஥⩽࡛ெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭࡛ࡡெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅࡴࡃࡾᨳ἖Ⓩ㛭౿ .......................................220 ᅒ 19 ெ㐠୹⩇࡞࠽ࡄࡾ㒼ฦⓏḿ⩇ࡡၡ㢗.....................................................................................223 ᅒ 20 ெ㐠ᨥᥴᚉ஥⩽ࡡṒ⩽ᩐ㸝1985-1998㸞 ...............................................................................228. ⾪ 1 ➠ 1 㒂࣬➠ 2 㒂ࡡᵋᠺ .................................................................................................................10 ⾪ 2 ⥥᛬஥ឺᣞᵾ..................................................................................................................................15 ⾪ 3 ⢊Ṓஷ⋙㸝CMR㸞ࡡᇱ‵ ............................................................................................................15 ⾪ 4 ᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅᒈ㛜ࡌࡾ୹さ࡝ᏺᩅ⤄⧂ ................................................................................22 ⾪ 5 ᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅᒈ㛜ࡌࡾ୹さ࡝ୠಐ⤄⧂ ................................................................................24 ⾪ 6 ࢩࣖࢾ࣭ࣥㅎ᮪⣑භ㏳➠ 3 ᮪ .....................................................................................................42 ⾪ 7 ᅗ㝷ெ㐠ἪࡡโᏽࡡṌྍ࡛ெⓏ⟮㍾࣬┞ப㛭౿ ....................................................................42.

(6) ⾪ 8 㞗ᅆṽᐐࡡ㜭Ḿཀྵࡦฌ⨡࡞㛭ࡌࡾ᮪⣑➠ 2 ᮪ࠉ➠ 3 ᮪ࠉ➠ 6 ᮪ .......................................44 ⾪ 9 ᅗ㝷ฬ஥⿚ึᡜぞ⛤➠ 6 ᮪➠ 1 㡧.............................................................................................45 ⾪ 10 㞬Ằࡡᆀన࡞㛭ࡌࡾ᮪⣑➠ 1 ᮪ A(2)ࠉB(1)ࡡ᮪ᩝ ..............................................................46 ⾪ 11 ᡋண࣬ெ㐠ᨥᥴ࣬㞗ᅆᏭධಕ㝸ࡡṌྍⓏ┞㛭㛭౿ ..............................................................52 ⾪ 12 ெ㐠୹⩇ࡡㄊ⩇࡞࠽ࡄࡾ୔さ⣪...............................................................................................61 ⾪ 13 ᶊฺ⩇ຸ㛭౿ࡡ 4 ࡗࡡ㢦ᆵ .......................................................................................................78 ⾪ 14 ㉝༎Ꮚᇱᮇཋ์............................................................................................................................94 ⾪ 15 Code of Conduct ............................................................................................................................96 ⾪ 16 ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࡛ெ㐠ᨥᥴ .............................................................................................................112 ⾪ 17 ࢢ࢓࡞ࡻࡾ࣓࢝ࢸ࢔ࢨ࢛ᕰහࡡ✈∸౮᰹ࡡㄢᰕ ................................................................129 ⾪ 18 ᅗ㝷ぞ⠂⌦ㄵ࡞࠽ࡄࡾᡋணࡡḿᙔ໩࡞ᑊࡌࡾ୔ࡗࡡ❟ሔ ...............................................169 ⾪ 19 ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔ໩࡞ᑊࡌࡾ୔ࡗࡡ❟ሔ ............................................................................169 ⾪ 20 ḿᡋㄵࡡᇱ‵㸝ྙἪᛮ࡛ḿᙔᛮ㸞.........................................................................................176 ⾪ 21 ࠔಕ㆜ࡌࡾ㈈௴ࠕࡡ୯ᚨⓏཋ์.............................................................................................189 ⾪ 22 ࠔಕ㆜ࡌࡾ㈈௴ࠕ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ㌱஥௒ථ࡞㛭ࡌࡾᇱ‵ ............................................................193 ⾪ 23 ↋ᕣืཋ⌦࡛Ẓౚཋ⌦࡞ᇱࡘ࠷ࡒெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡛Ṃງ⣦ண࡛ࡡ㛭౿ ...................................225 ⾪ 24 ெ㐠ᨥᥴさဤࡡṒஷ⩽ᩐ㸝1985-1998㸞 ...............................................................................228.

(7) ᗆㄵ ⌟௥ࡡୠ⏲ࡢࠉࢡ࣭ࣞࣁࣜ໩ࡡ㐅ᒈ࡞ఔ࠹∸㈠࡛㈠ᮇ࡛᝗ሒࡡệ⃻ࡊࡒ㇇㤠ࡡୠ⏲࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉ ྜྷ᫤࡞ࠉ ᠻࠍࡡୠ⏲ࡢࠉṂງ⣦ணࡷẰ᪐Ὧ໩࡝࡜ࡡᬸງ࠿ⶕᘇࡊࡒெ㛣ᛮࡡ㈃ᅏ࡛Ḗዯࡡୠ⏲࡚ࡵ࠵ࡾࠊ ࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡝ᅗ㝷♣ఌࡡ⹣↋࡞ᑊᢘࡊ࡙ࠉṂງ⣦ணࡡ├୯࡚ெ㛣ᛮࢅᅂᚗࡊெ㛣ࡡᑕཚࢅಕ㆜ࡊ࡙ࡀࡒࡡ ࠿ࠉ⿍ⅇ⩽ࢅᨾ㆜ࡌࡾᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊᫎ௑࡚ࡢࠉ㉝༎Ꮚᅗ㝷ጟဤఌ㸝International Committee of the Red Cross; ICRC㸞ࡷᅗ㏻㞬Ằ㧏➴ᘒຸᏻ஥ຸᡜ㸝The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; UNHCR㸞࡝࡜ࡡᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᶭ㛭࠿ࠉṂງ⣦ணࡡ⿍ⅇ⩽࡞ᑊࡌࡾᥴຐ࡛ಕ㆜ࡡ⬗ງࢅྡྷ୕ࡈࡎࡾ ࡓࡄ࡚࡝ࡂࠉᅗ㝷⛓ᗆࡡ⥌ᣚ࡛⟮⌦࡞࠽ࡄࡾ㔔さ࡝ᶭ⬗ࡵᯕࡒࡌࡻ࠹࡞࡝ࡖ࡙ࡀࡒࠊ ୌ᪁ࠉ෫ᡋ⤂⤎௧ᚃࠉᅗ㝷㏻ྙᏭධಕ㝸⌦஥ఌ࡚ࡢ㉰ኬᅗ࠿ᢼྫྷᶊࡡ⾔౐ࢅᢒโࡊࠉᅗ㝷ࡡᖲ࿰࡛Ꮽ ධ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ⬛ጸ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࠉጂ༝࡛㆙Ṅ࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙භྜྷ࡚ᑊᚺࡌࡾࡻ࠹࡞࡝ࡖࡒࠊ1991 ᖳࠉᏭධಕ㝸⌦஥ ఌࡢ࢕ࣚࢠࡡࢠ࣭ࢗ࢘ࢹ౴ᨯ࡞ᑊᢘࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࠉ ᭽㩥ᅗ㏻㌱௧ᮮࡡ㌱஥โ⿚࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡ‬ᓃᡋணࢅᢆヾࡊࠉ ࡐࡿ௧ᚃࠉᅗ㝷㏻ྙ៿❮➠ 7 ❮࡞ᇱࡘ࠷ࡒᙁโ᥈⨠ࡡⓆິࢅಀ㐅ࡌࡾࡻ࠹࡞࡝ࡖࡒࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉ෫ᡋ⤂⤎ ௧ᚃࡡᅗ㝷㏻ྙ࡞ࡻࡾ㌱஥โ⿚ࡢࠉ‬ᓃᡋண࡝࡜ࡡᅗᐓ㛣⣦ணࡡよỬࡻࡽࡵࠉୌᅗහࡡṂງ⣦ணࡡ⿍ⅇ ⩽ࢅᨾ㆜ࡌࡾࡒࡴࡡ㌱஥௒ථ࡛࠷࠹≁ᚡࢅ᭯ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࠊࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡝ெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅ୹さ࡝┘Ⓩ࡛ࡌࡾ㌱஥௒ ථࡢࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ㸝humanitarian intervention㸞࡛࿣⛘ࡈࡿࠉ௙ᅗࡡெ㐠༱ᶭࢅ㜴Ḿࡌࡾࡒࡴࡡᅗᐓ࡞ࡻࡾ ㌱㝪ࡡ௒ථࢅណ࿝ࡌࡾᴣᛍ࡛ࡊ࡙㛏ࡼࡂ౐⏕ࡈࡿ࡙ࡀࡒ࠿ࠉ௑᪝࡚ࡢࠉᅗ㝷㏻ྙࢅิࡴ࡛ࡌࡾᅗ㝷ᶭᵋ ࡞ࡻࡾெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡌࡾ㌱஥௒ථࢅណ࿝ࡌࡾࡵࡡ࡛ࡊ࡙㆗ㄵࡈࡿࡾࡻ࠹࡞ࡵ࡝ࡖ࡙ࡀࡒࠊ ෫ᡋ⤂⤎௧ᚃࡡெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡᑙථࡢࠉఎ⤣Ⓩ࡝ெ㐠ᨥᥴ࠾ࡼึ᩷ࡌࡿࡣࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ㌱஥໩ࢅណ࿝ࡌ ࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡿࡢࠉఎ⤣Ⓩ࡞Ṃງ⣦ணࡡ⿍ⅇ⩽ࢅᨾῥࡊ࡙ࡀࡒࡡ࠿ࠉ㟸ᙁโ࣬㟸㌱஥Ⓩ࡝ᡥṹ࡚Ὡ ິࡊ࡙ࡀࡒᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᶭ㛭࡚࠵ࡽࠉ෫ᡋ⤂⤎௧ᚃࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ᩺ࡊ࠷ᅗ㝷Ⓩ୹మ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉᙁโⓏ࣬㌱஥Ⓩ ᡥṹࢅఔ࠹ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡ㌱㝪࠿Ⓡሔࡊࡒ࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡱࡒࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡢࠉഭ⑋⩽ࢅ἖⒢ࡌࡾ⑋㝌ࡡᶭ ⬗ࡓࡄ࡚࡝ࡂࠉᩓᑊ⩽ࢅṽᐐࡌࡾ㌱㝪ࡡᶭ⬗ࢅಕᣚࡌࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡽࠉ⑋㝌࡛㌱㝪ࡡ⼝ྙࢅྱណࡌࡾࡵࡡ ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡈࡼ࡞ࠉᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᶭ㛭࠿ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡ㌱㝪࡛༝഼ࡊ࡙Ṃງ⣦ணࡡ⿍ⅇ⩽ࢅᨾຐࡌࡾࡻ࠹࡞ࡵ࡝ ࡽࠉ⑋㝌࡛㌱㝪ࡡ༝ㄢ࡛࠷࠹᩺ࡊ࠷ലྡྷࡵぜࡼࡿࡾࡻ࠹࡞࡝ࡖࡒࠊ ࡊ࠾ࡊࠉ⑋㝌࡛㌱㝪ࡡ⤎ྙࡢࠉெ㢦ࡡṌྍ࠿⤊㥺ࡊࡒ᩺ࡊ࠷஥ឺ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ࡡ࡚ࡢ࡝࠷ࠊୌࡗࡡ⤄. 1.

(8) ⧂࠿⑋㝌࡛㌱㝪ࡡ୦᪁ࡡᶭ⬗ࢅᯕࡒࡊࡒṌྍⓏ஥ᐁ࠿Ꮛᅹࡌࡾ࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡿࡢࠉ୯ୠ࣭ࣙࣞࢴࣂ࡚ ⑋㝌㥵ኃᅆ࡛࿣⛘ࡈࡿࡒ࢙ࣜࢦ࣑ࣝࡡ⪯ࣙࣀࢾᨾ㆜㥵ኃಞ㐠ఌ㸝Ordo Epuitum Sancti Johannis㸞ࠉࡌ࡝ࢂ ࡔࠉ⪯ࣙࣀࢾ㥵ኃᅆࡡᏋᅹ࡚࠵ࡾ1ࠊ1080 ᖳ㡥ࠉ࢕࢘ࣜࢦ࣑ࣝ࡞⪯ࣙࣀࢾ⑋㝌࠿ᘋスࡈࡿࠉ࢞ࣛࢪࢹᩅ ᚈᕙ♡⩽ࡡࡒࡴࡡᨾ㆜᪃ス࡛ࡊ࡙Ⓠᒈࡊࡒࠊᛮืࡷᅗ⡘ࢅၡࢂࡍᝀ⩽ࢅུࡄථࡿࠉ2,000 ெࡡᝀ⩽࠿ථ㝌 ࡊࠉ⏐⛁࡚ࡢฦፎࡵ⾔ࢂࡿࠉᖺඡ⏕ࡡ᪃スࡵങ࠻ࡾᴗࡴ࡙ኬぞᶅ࡝⑋㝌࡚࠵ࡖࡒ2ࠊ1113 ᖳࠉ⪯ࣙࣀࢾ ⑋㝌ࡢࠉಞ㐠ኃࣇࣝࢬ࣬ࢩ࣭࢘ࣚࣜ㸝Blessed Gérard㸞ࡡ᫤௥࡞ಞ㐠㝌࡛ࡊ࡙ヾࡴࡼࡿࠉ⪯ࣙࣀࢾಞ㐠㝌 ࡛࡝ࡖࡒࠊࢩ࣭࢘ࣚࣜࡡṒᚃࠉಞ㐠ኃ࣭࣓ࣝࣤ㸲ࢸࣖࣅࣖ࢕㸝Raymond du Puy㸞ࡡୖ࡚㌱㝪⤄⧂࠿ᩒങ ࡈࡿࠉ⪯ࣙࣀࢾ㥵ኃᅆ࡛ࡊ࡙༎Ꮚ㌱࡞ཤຊࡊࠉ13 ୠ⣎࡞ࡢࠉិၻ⾔Ⅵ࡛㌱㝪Ὡິࡢᙔ↓࡞ెᏋࡌࡾࡵࡡ ࡛ࡊ࡙⌦よࡈࡿࡾ࡞⮫ࡖࡒࠊࡐࡿࡢࠉᕙ♡⩽ࡷ⑋⩽ࢅ␏ᩅᚈ࡝࡜࠾ࡼಕ㆜ࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞ᚪさ࡚࠵ࡖࡒ࠾ࡼ ࡚࠵ࡾ3ࠊ ⪯ࣙࣀࢾ㥵ኃᅆࡢࠉ᮶ᆀ୯ᾇࡡኬ㝛ࡡ㡷ᅰࢅ႕኶ࡊࠉ࣭ࣞࢺࢪᓞࠉ࣏ࣜࢰᓞ࡛ᣈⅤࢅ㏛ࢂࡿࡒࡡ࡚࠵ ࡾ࠿ࠉ⌟ᅹࠉ࣭ࣞࢺࢪ࠽ࡻࡦ࣏ࣜࢰ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ࢙ࣜࢦ࣑ࣝࡡ⪯ࣙࣀࢾ⑋㝌≺❟㥵ኃಞ㐠ఌ㸝Sovrano Militare Ordine Ospedaliero di San Giovanni di Gerusalemme di Rhodi e di Malta㸞࡛ྞ⛘ࢅን᭞ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡ࠷ࢂࡹ ࡾ࣏ࣜࢰ㥵ኃᅆࡢࠉ࣭࣏ࣞ࡞ᐁ㈻Ⓩ࡝ᣈⅤࢅ⨠ࡀࠉᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅᒈ㛜ࡌࡾ⤄⧂ࡡୌࡗ࡛࡝ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࣏ࣜࢰ㥵ኃᅆࡢࠉ࣏ࣜࢰᓞࢅ႕኶ࡊ࡙௧ᚃࠉ㌱஥㒂㛓ࢅᗣḾࡊࠉ19 ୠ⣎୯ᗜ࠾ࡼெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅ්㛜ࡊࠉ஦ ࡗࡡୠ⏲ኬᡋࢅ㏳ࡋ࡙ᐁ㊰ࡊࠉኬᡋᚃࡵࣀ࣭ࣤ࢝ࣛ༱ᶭࡷࣥ࢘ࢹࢻ࣑ᡋணࢅิࡴ࡛ࡌࡾெ㐠༱ᶭ࡞㝷ࡊ ࡙༈⒢Ὡິࢅ୯ᚨ࡞ᐁ᪃ࡊࡒ࡛࠷࠹4ࠊ ᮇ✇ࡡ┘Ⓩࡢࠉ෫ᡋ⤂⤎௧ᚃࡡெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ㌱஥໩ࢅ࠷࠾࡞よ㔐ࡌࡾࡡ࠾࡛࠷࠹ࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾ࠿ࠉ⪯ࣙࣀ ࢾ㥵ኃᅆࡡṌྍ࡞ࡐࡡᅂ➽ࢅịࡴࡾࡡ࡚ࡢ࡝࠷ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉ⪯ࣙࣀࢾ㥵ኃᅆࡡᏋᅹࡢࠉഭ⑋⩽ࡡⱖ⑚ࢅ⥾ ࿰ࡊࠉ⏍࿤࡛೸ᗛࢅಕ㝸ࡌࡾ᪁Ἢ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉ⑋㝌࡞࠽ࡄࡾ἖⒢⾔Ⅵ࡛࠷࠹㟸ᙁโⓏ࣬㟸㌱஥Ⓩ࡝᪁Ἢࡓࡄ ࡚࡝ࡂࠉ㌱㝪࡞ࡻࡾᩓᑊ⩽ࡡᦹ㏝࡛࠷࠹ᙁโⓏ࣬㌱஥Ⓩ࡝᪁Ἢࡵཱིࡼࡿࡾྊ⬗ᛮࢅ♟ࡌࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ1990 ᖳ௥௧㜾ࡡெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡⓇሔࡷࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭࡛௒ථ㌱࡛ࡡ༝഼࡛࠷࠹≟Ἓࡢࠉᚪࡍࡊࡵዃ␏࡝஥ឺ࡛ ࡢ࠷࠻࡝࠷ࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ෫ᡋ⤂⤎௧ᚃࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡᐁ㊰࡞࿣ᚺࡌࡾࡻ࠹࡞ࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ⌦ㄵⓏ◂✪࠿ぜࡼࡿࡾࡻ࠹ ࡞࡝ࡖ࡙ࡀࡒࠊ1990 ᖳ௥ิ᭿ࡡெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ◂✪ࡢࠉᅗ㝷㏻ྙࡡ㞗ᅆᏭධಕ㝸ᶭ⬗ࡡᅂᚗ࡛ࡐࡡ. 2.

(9) ᶭ⬗ࡡ㝀⏲࡞㛭ࡌࡾᏭධಕ㝸ㄵࡡ⣌ㆍ࡞ᒌࡌࡾ◂✪࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊ1980 ᖳ௥ࡱ࡚ࡡᅗ㝷㏻ྙࡡᏭධಕ㝸ࡡ୯ ᚨⓏᶭ⬗ࡢࠉᖲ࿰⥌ᣚᶭ⬗࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊᅗ㝷㏻ྙࡢࠉ⣦ணᙔ஥⩽࠿ೳᡋࡷ࿰ᖲ࡞ྙណࡊࡒᚃ࡞ࠉຊ┍ᅗࡡ ㌱㝪ࢅᖲ࿰⥌ᣚ㌱࡛ࡊ࡙⣦ணᆀᇡ࡞Ὤ㐭ࡊ࡙ࠉೳᡋࡷ࿰ᖲྙណࡡ㐺Ꮼࢅ┐っࡊ࡙ࡀࡒࠊᙔ᫤ࡡᅗ㏻஥ຸ ⥪㛏ࣇࢹࣞࢪ㸲ࣇࢹࣞࢪ࣬࢝ࣛ㸝Boutros-Boutros Gahli㸞࠿ࠖᖲ࿰ࡡࡒࡴࡡㄚ㢗㸝An Agenda for Peace㸞ࠗ 5. ࢅᥞ᱄ࡊࠉᖲ࿰⥌ᣚ㌱ࡡೳᡋ┐っᶭ⬗࡞ࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴ࣬ெᶊ┐っࠉ㞬Ằᖉ㑇ᨥᥴࠉᚗ⮾㛜Ⓠᨥᥴࠉ㐽ᣪ࣬. โ៿ᨥᥴࠉᬳᏽᨳᗋ⤣἖࡛࠷ࡖࡒኣᵕ࡝ᖲ࿰ᵋ⠇ᶭ⬗࠿㏛ຊࡈࡿࡾࡓࡄ࡚࡝ࡂࠉೳᡋࡷ࿰ᖲ࠿Ꮛᅹࡊ࡝ ࠷Ṃງ⣦ணᆀᖈ࡞㌱஥ງࢅ⏕࠷࡙ᙁโⓏ࡞ᖲ࿰ࢅ๭ฝࡌࡾᖲ࿰ᇮ⾔ᶭ⬗ࡵ௛ຊࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛࡞࡝ࡖࡒࠊࡆ ࡡࡻ࠹࡝ᅗ㏻஥ຸ⥪㛏ࡡᥞ᱄࡛ᖲ࿰⥌ᣚὩິࡡኣᶭ⬗໩࡞භ㫾ࡌࡾᙟ࡚ࠉᅗ㏻ࡡᏭධಕ㝸ᶭ⬗ࡡᩝ⬞ࡡ ୯࡚ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࠿ㄵࡋࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡒࠊ ୌ᪁ࠉ1990 ᖳ௥୯ⴝ࠾ࡼࠉᅗ㏻៿❮➠ 7 ❮࡞ᇱࡘ࠷ࡒᙁโ᥈⨠࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡ㌱஥௒ථࡡ୯࡚ࡵࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴ ࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡊࡒ௒ථ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࠉఎ⤣Ⓩ࡝ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡ㆗ㄵࡡ⣌ㆍ࡞న⨠ࡘࡄ࡙ฦᯊࡌࡾ◂✪ࡵ⌟ࡿࡾࡻ࠹ ࡞࡝ࡖ࡙ࡀࡒࠊ‬ᓃᡋணࡢࢠ࣭ࢗ࢘ࢹࡡ୹ᶊᅂᚗࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡊࡒ㌱஥௒ථ࡚࠵ࡖࡒ࠿ࠉ‬ᓃᡋண⤂஡ࡡ├ ᚃࡡ࢕ࣚࢠ໪㒂࡫ࡡኣᅗ⡘㌱ࡡ㌱஥௒ථࡢࠉࢹࣜࢤ㡷හ࡞㑂㞬࡚ࡀ࡝࠾ࡖࡒࢠࣜࢺ㞬Ằ࡞ᑊࡌࡾெ㐠ᨥ ᥴࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡊࡒ㌱஥Ὡິ࡚࠵ࡽࠉೳᡋ┐っࡷṂ⿞よ㝎ࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡌࡾఎ⤣Ⓩ࡝ᖲ࿰⥌ᣚὩິ࡛ࡵ┞㐢ࡌࡾ ㌱஥⾔ິ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡝࠵ࡾᅗᐓࡡெ㐠༱ᶭ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙௙ᅗࡡ㌱㝪࠿௒ථࡌࡾ⾔Ⅵࡢࠉࡐࡿ௧๑࠾ ࡼࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࡛ࡊ࡙ᗀࡂ⌦よࡈࡿ࡙࠽ࡽࠉࢠࣜࢺ࡫ࡡ㌱஥௒ථ௧㜾ࡡெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡌࡾ㌱஥௒ථ ࢅெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࡛ࡊ࡙㆗ㄵࡌࡾࡻ࠹࡞࡝ࡖࡒࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㆗ㄵࡢࠉ஦ࡗࡡ㆗ㄵ࡞ᓠืࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠿ྊ⬗࡚࠵ࡾࠊ➠ୌࡢࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡᐁຝᛮ ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㆗ㄵ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡢࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࠿ࠉ㞬Ằࡷᅗහ㑂㞬Ằࡡಕ㆜࡛ᥴຐ࡞࡜ࡿ࡮࡜᭯ຝ࡝ᡥṹ࡚ ࠵ࡖࡒࡡ࠾ࢅフ౮ࡊࠉ࡜ࡡࡻ࠹࡞ࡌࡿࡣຝᯕⓏ࡝ெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅ㌱㝪࠿ᥞ౩࡚ࡀࡾࡡ࠾ࢅᥞ᱄ࡌࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ ࡾࠊ ࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡝ᨳ➿ᣞྡྷࡡ◂✪ࡢࠉ ࡐࡡᨳ➿ࡡ┘Ⓩ࡛᪁ྡྷᛮ࠿ᗀࡂභ᭯ࡈࡿ࡙ྜྷណࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾሔྙ࡞ࡢࠉ ᭯─࡝◂✪࡛࡝ࡾ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࡢࠉ࡜ࡡࡻ࠹࡝௒ථ࠿᭯ຝ࡚࠵ࡽຝᯕⓏ࡚࠵ ࡾ࠾ࢅ㆗ㄵࡌࡾ๑࡞ࠉࡐࡵࡐࡵࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡊࡒ㌱஥௒ථࢅᐖヾࡌࡾ࡬ࡀ࠾ࠉ࠷࠾࡝ࡾሔྙ࡞㌱ ஥௒ථ࠿セᐖࡈࡿࡾࡡ࠾࡛࠷࠹௒ථࡡḿᙔᛮ࠿ㄵண࡛࡝ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡᐁຝᛮ࡞㛭ࡌ ࡾ㆗ㄵࡢࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࢅ᥆㐅ࡌࡾ࡬ࡀ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ᬧ㯪ࡡ๑ᥞ࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙㆗ㄵࢅ㐅ࡴ࡙࠷ࡾ࠿ࠉࡐࡡ๑. 3.

(10) ᥞ⮤మ࠿⌦ㄵ୕ࡡၡ㢗࡝ࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ➠஦ࡢࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔᛮ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㆗ㄵ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡢࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࢅḿᙔ໩ࡌࡾࡒࡴࡡぞ⠂Ⓩ᰷ ᣈ࡛ࡐࡡ᮪௲ࢅよ᪺ࡌࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ௙ᅗࡡெ㐠༱ᶭ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙㌱㝪ࢅ௒ථࡈࡎࡾ⾔Ⅵࡢࠉᅗ㝷♣ఌࡡᖲ ࿰࡛Ꮽධࢅ⥌ᣚࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞୘ྊḖ࡝හᨳ୘ᖱῦ⩇ຸ࡛Ṃງ୘⾔౐⩇ຸ࡞ᢤりࡌࡾ⾔Ⅵ࡛࡝ࡽࠉ୹ᶊᅗᐓ మโࢅ᥺ࡾ࠿ࡌ⾔Ⅵ࡚ࡵ࠵ࡾࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉ࠵ࡾᅗᐓ࠿Ṃງ⣦ணࡷࢩ࢘ࢿࢦ࢕ࢺ⾔Ⅵࢅ㏳ࡋ࡙ኣᩐࡡ≓∽⩽ ࡷ⿍ⅇ⩽ࢅ᝽㉫ࡈࡎ࡙࠷ࡾሔྙ࡞ࠉ௙ᅗ࠿හᨳ୘ᖱῦ⩇ຸ࡛Ṃງ୘⾔౐⩇ຸࢅཚ᰹࡞㐺Ꮼࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡢࠉ ኬ㔖ṽᐐࢅ㯪ヾࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞࡝ࡾࠊࡒ࡛࠻ࡣࠉ➠஦ḗኬᡋ୯ࡡࢺ࢕ࢵ࡞ࡻࡾ࣌ࣞࢤ࣭ࢪࢹ࡞௙ᅗ࠿✒ᴗⓏ ࡞ᖱῦࡎࡍࠉࣗࢱࣕெࡷ࣭࣎ࣚࣤࢺெࡡኣࡂࢅ≓∽࡞ࡊࡒ஥ᐁࢅᣪࡅࡾࡆ࡛࠿࡚ࡀࡻ࠹ࠊୌ᪁ࠉ࠵ࡾᅗ ᐓ࠿ࠉṂງ⣦ணࡷࢩ࢘ࢿࢦ࢕ࢺ⾔Ⅵ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ெ㐠༱ᶭࢅᣉኬࡈࡎࡾᅗᐓ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࠉࡐࡿࢅ㯪ヾࡎࡍெ㐠 Ⓩ௒ථࢅᐁ⾔ࡊࡒሔྙ࡞ࠉහᨳ୘ᖱῦ⩇ຸ࡛Ṃງ୘⾔౐⩇ຸࢅཬᨶ࡞ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡵ࡝ࡾࠊࡒ࡛࠻ࡣࠉ➠ ஦ḗୠ⏲ኬᡋ๑ࡡࢺ࢕ࢵࡢࠉࢲ࢘ࢤࢪࣞࣥ࢒࢞࢓࡞ࡻࡾࢺ࢕ࢵெࡡ㏍ᐐࢅཾᐁ࡞ࡊ࡙ࢫࢸ࣭ࢷࣤᆀ᪁࡞ 㐅㥌ࡊࡒ࠿ࠉெ㐠༱ᶭ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ㌱஥⾔ິ࠿ࠉᅗ㝷♣ఌࡡᖲ࿰࡛Ꮽධࢅ⬛࠾ࡌ஥ឺࢅ⏍㉫ࡌࡾ⹧ࡵྫྷᏽ࡚ ࡀ࡝࠷ࠊࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡞ெ㐠୹⩇ࡡ⩇ຸ࡛ࠉ୹ᶊᅗᐓమโࡡᇱᖷ࡚࠵ࡾහᨳ୘ᖱῦ⩇ຸ࡛Ṃງ୘⾔౐⩇ຸ࡛ ࡡ㛣࡞ࡢࠉ㐠⩇Ⓩ࡝⥥ᘿ㛭౿࠿࠵ࡽࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࢅḿᙔ໩ࡌࡾ⌦⏜᮪࡛௲ࢅㄵ✪ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡢᴗࡴ࡙㔔さ ࡝ណ⩇ࢅ᭯ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔᛮ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㆗ㄵࡢࠉ⌦⏜ࡘࡄ࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙஦ࡗ࡞༇ืࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠿࡚ࡀࡾࠊ➠ୌࡢࠉெ 㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡྙἪᛮ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㆗ㄵ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡢࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࢅḿᙔ໩ࡌࡾ᰷ᣈ࡛ࡊ࡙ᅗ㝷Ἢࢅᥴ⏕ࡊࠉ ࡐࡡḿᙔ໩ࡡさ௲ࢅㄵ✪ࡌࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ➠஦ḗୠ⏲ኬᡋᚃࡡᅗ㝷㏻ྙࡡᠺ❟࡛ᅗ㝷㏻ྙ៿❮ࡡᢆヾ࡞ ࡻࡖ࡙ࠉ୹ᶊᅗᐓమโࡡཋ์࡛ࡊ࡙හᨳ୘ᖱῦ⩇ຸ࡛Ṃງ୘⾔౐⩇ຸ࠿පᘟ࡞☔❟ࡊࡒࠊ࡛ࡂ࡞ࠉṂງ ୘⾔౐⩇ຸ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢࠉ಴ืⓏ࣬㞗ᅆⓏ⮤⾠ᶊࡡⓆິࢅౚአ࡛ࡊ࡙௙ᅗ࡞ᑊࡌࡾṂງࡡ⾔౐ࡷጸᄋ࠿⚏ Ḿࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛࡞࡝ࡽࠉṂງ୘⾔౐⩇ຸ࡞㐢ཬࡊࡒᅗᐓ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࡢࠉᅗ㝷㏻ྙࡡ㞗ᅆᏭධಕ㝸โᗐ࠿⏕ណ ࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛࡞࡝ࡖࡒࠊࡆࡿࡢࠉᏭධಕ㝸⌦஥ఌ࠿ࠉᅗ㝷㏻ྙ៿❮➠ 7 ❮࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙౴␆⾔Ⅵ࡝࡜ࢅࠔᅗ 㝷ࡡᖲ࿰࡛Ꮽධ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ⬛ጸࠕ࠵ࡾ࠷ࡢࠔ◒ቪࠕ࡛ヾᏽࡊࠉ㐢ཬᅗ࡞ᑊࡌࡾᙁโ᥈⨠࡛ࡊ࡙⤊ῥโ⿚ࡷ ㌱஥โ⿚ࢅㄚࡌࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊᅗ㝷㏻ྙࡢࠉහᨳ୘ᖱῦ⩇ຸ࡛Ṃງ୘⾔౐⩇ຸ࡛࠷࠹୹ᶊᅗᐓమโࡡཋ ์ࢅ☔❟ࡊࠉࡆࡡ㐢ཬ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࡢ㞗ᅆᏭධಕ㝸࡚ᑊᚺࡌࡾโᗐࢅങ࠻࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ. 4.

(11) ௙ᅗࡡெ㐠༱ᶭ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ㌱஥௒ථࡢࠉ⮤⾠ᶊࡡ⾔౐࡞ルᙔࡌࡾౚአⓏ࡝≟Ἓࢅ㝎࠷࡙ࠉහᨳ୘ᖱῦ⩇ ຸ࡛Ṃງ୘⾔౐⩇ຸ࡞㐢ཬࡌࡾࡡ࡚㐢Ἢ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉᏭධಕ㝸⌦஥ఌ࠿ࠉெ㐠༱ᶭࢅࠔᅗ㝷ࡡᖲ࿰ ࡛Ꮽධ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ⬛ጸࠕ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛ヾᏽࡌࡿࡣࠉᅗ㝷㏻ྙ࠿௙ᅗ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ຊ┍ᅗࡡ㌱㝪ࢅ⏕࠷࡙㌱஥௒ථࡌ ࡾࡆ࡛ࡢྙἪ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿ࠿ࠉ෫ᡋ⤂⤎௧ᚃࡡெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡ᭩ኬࡡ≁ᚡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉࡆࡡࡆ࡛࡚ࠉ ெ㐠୹⩇ࡡ⩇ຸ࡛ࠉහᨳ୘ᖱῦ⩇ຸ࡛Ṃງ୘⾔౐⩇ຸ࡛ࡡ⥥ᘿ㛭౿ࡢよᾐࡈࡿࡒࡡ࡚ࡢ࡝࠷ࠊ࠷࠾࡝ࡾ ெ㐠༱ᶭ࠿ࠔᅗ㝷ࡡᖲ࿰࡛Ꮽධ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ⬛ጸࠕ࡞ルᙔࡊࠉெ㐠༱ᶭ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙࠷࠾࡝ࡾᙁโ᥈⨠ࢅ᤿⏕ࡌ ࡾ࡬ࡀ࡝ࡡ࠾࡛࠷࠹ึ᩷ࡢࠉᏭධಕ㝸⌦஥ఌࡡᵋᠺᅗ࡞ጟࡠࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࠔᅗ㝷ࡡᖲ࿰࡛Ꮽ ධ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ⬛ጸࠕࢅᵋᠺࡌࡾ⬛ጸ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢࠉ༞࣭ࣞࢸࢨ࢓ࡡⓉெᨳᶊࡷ༞࢓ࣆࣛ࢜භ࿰ᅗࡡ࢓ࣂࣜࢹ ࣉ࢕ࢹᨳ➿࡛࠷ࡖࡒᅗහᨳ➿࠿ࠔ⬛ጸࠕ࡛ࡊ࡙ヾᏽࡈࡿ࡙⤊ῥโ⿚࠿Ⓠິࡈࡿࡒ஥ౚࡵᏋᅹࡊࠉᅗ㝷Ἢ Ꮥࡡ୯࡚⤣ୌⓏ࠵ࡾ࠷ࡢ᭯ງ࡝ぜよ࠿Ꮛᅹࡊ࡙࠽ࡼࡍࠉࡆࡿࢅᅗ㝷ἪᏕࡡ୯࡚よ᪺ࡌࡾᚪさᛮ࠿࠵ࡾ࡚ ࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉහᨳ୘ᖱῦ⩇ຸ࡛Ṃງ୘⾔౐⩇ຸ࡞ᑊ⨠ࡈࡿࡾெ㐠୹⩇ࡡ⩇ຸࡢࠉᮇ✇࡚ࡵ㆗ㄵࡌࡾ ࡆ࡛࡞࡝ࡾ࠿ἪⓏ⩇ຸࢅᵋᠺࡌࡾࡵࡡ࡚ࡢ࡝ࡂࠉᅗ㝷Ἢࡡᯗ⤄ࡓࡄ࡚ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔ໩࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㆗ㄵ ࢅᵋ⠇ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡢᅏ㞬࠿࠵ࡾࡻ࠹࡞ᛦࢂࡿࡾࠊ ➠஦ࡢࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡ㐠⩇Ⓩḿᙔᛮ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㆗ㄵ࡚࠵ࡾࠊெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡ⌦⏜ࡘࡄ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࡈࡼ࡞஦ࡗ ࡞⣵ฦࡌࡾ࡝ࡼࡣࠉ➠ୌࡢࠉᖉ⤎୹⩇࡞ᇱࡘࡂḿᙔᛮ࠿ᣪࡅࡼࡿࡾࠊࡆࡿࡢࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࠿⿍ⅇ⩽ࡡᨾ ᥴ࡞࡜ࡿ࡮࡜ຝᯕⓏ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࡡ࠾࡛࠷࠹ᐁຝᛮࡡふⅤ࠾ࡼࠉ௒ථࡡḿᙔᛮࢅフ౮ࡌࡾ᪁Ἢ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ๑㏑ ࡊࡒᐁຝᛮࡡフ౮࡛ḿᙔᛮࡡึ᩷ࢅ⤎ࡦࡗࡄࡒࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾ࠿ࠉ⾔Ⅵࡡᖉ⤎ࡓࡄ࡚⾔Ⅵࡡḿᙔᛮࢅフ౮࡚ ࡀࡾࡡ࠾ࡢ␪ၡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡿࡢࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࠿ኣࡂࡡ⿍ⅇ⩽ࡡᨾຐ࡞኶ᩃࡊࡒ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡵࠉᨾຐࡡ⾔Ⅵ࠿ ୘ḿ࡞࡝ࡾ࡛ࡢᛦࢂࡿ࡝࠷࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ➠஦ࡢࠉḿᡋㄵ࡞ᇱࡘࡂᡋணࡡḿᙔᛮࡡフ౮࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㆗ㄵ࡚࠵ ࡾࠊ㌱஥⾔ິࡡḿᙔᛮ࡞㛭ࡌࡾఎ⤣Ⓩ࡝㆗ㄵ࡚࠵ࡾḿᡋㄵࢅெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔ໩࡞ᥞ౩ࡌࡾ◂✪࠿⾔ࢂ ࡿࡾࡻ࠹࡞࡝ࡖࡒࠊࡐࡡ୯࡚ࡵࠉ௒ථ࡛ᅗᐓ୹ᶊ࡞㛭ࡌࡾᅗ㝷ጟဤఌ㸝The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty; ICISS㸞ሒ࿈᭡ࠖಕ㆜ࡌࡾ㈈௴㸝The Responsibility to Protect㸞ࠗ6ࡢࠉெ 㐠Ⓩ௒ථࢅḿᙔ໩ࡌࡾさ௲࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉᡋணࢅḿᙔ໩ࡌࡾఎ⤣Ⓩ࡝ḿᡋㄵࡡᇱ‵ࢅᥴ⏕ࡊࡒ㆗ㄵ࡚࠵ࡽࠉெ 㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ௙ࡡ㆗ㄵ࡞ኬࡀ࡝ᙫ㡢ࢅ୙࠻࡙࠷ࡾࠊᮇ✇࡚ࡢࠉḿᡋㄵ࡞ᇱࡘ࠷ࡒெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔ ᛮ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㆗ㄵࢅ୯ᚨ࡞ᒈ㛜ࡊ࡙࠷ࡂࡆ࡛࡞ࡊࡒ࠷ࠊ. 5.

(12) ḿᡋㄵ࡞ᇱࡘ࠷ࡒெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔᛮ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㆗ㄵ࡞ࡢࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ㌱஥໩࡛࠷࠹ふⅤ࠾ࡼぜ࡙ࠉ௧ ୖࡡ୔ࡗࡡၡ㢗Ⅴ࠿࠵ࡾࠊ➠ୌࡢࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࠿ࠔெ㐠Ⓩࠕ࡚࠵ࡾࡡ࠾ࠉࡗࡱࡽࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࠿ெ㐠୹ ⩇࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙ḿᙔ໩࡚ࡀࡾࡡ࠾࡛࠷࠹ၡ㢗࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࠉ᪺☔࡝㆗ㄵ࠿ᒈ㛜ࡈࡿ࡙࠷࡝࠷Ⅴ࡚࠵ࡾࠊெ㐠Ⓩ ௒ථ࠿ࠉெ㐠୹⩇ࡡྞ┘ࡡୖ࡚ḿᙔ໩ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡢࠉெ㐠୹⩇࠿ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ㌱஥໩ࢅḿᙔ໩ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡵ ࡗ࡝࠿ࡾ࠿ࠉࡆࡡⅤ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㆗ㄵ࠿༎ฦ࡞ᑸࡂࡈࡿ࡙࠷࡝࠷࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊḿᡋㄵ࡞ᇱࡘ࠷ࡒெ㐠 Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔᛮ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㆗ㄵ࡚ࡢࠉ㌱஥௒ථࢅḿᙔ໩ࡌࡾ᮪௲ࢅ᪺☔࡞ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡢྊ⬗࡚࠵ࡾ࠿ࠉࡐࡡ ㌱஥௒ථ࠿ெ㐠୹⩇࡞ᇱࡘࡂ⾔Ⅵ࡚࠵ࡾ࠾ࢅึᏽࡌࡾᇱ‵ࢅ♟ࡌࡆ࡛ࡢ࡚ࡀ࡝࠷ࠊࡐࡿࡢࠉ㌱஥௒ථ࡛ ࠷࠹⾔Ⅵ࠿ࠉெ㐠୹⩇࡞ཬࡌࡾ⾔Ⅵ࡚࠵ࡾྊ⬗ᛮࢅྫྷᏽ࡚ࡀ࡝࠷࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࡆࡿ࠿᪺☔࡞㆗ㄵࡈࡿ࡝࠷ࡡࡢࠉኣࡂࡡㄵ✇࡞࠽࠷࡙ெ㐠୹⩇࠿రࢅណ࿝ࡌࡾࡡ࠾ࢅㄵ✪࡚ࡀ࡙࠷࡝ ࠷࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ➠ 3 ❮࡚ࡢࠉᨥᥴ⩽࡛⿍ⅇ⩽࡛ࡡ㐠⩇Ⓩ㛭౿ࢅぞᏽࡌࡾெ㐠୹⩇ࡡᛦ᝷ࢅ㆗ㄵࡌࡾࡆ࡛ ࡞ࡊࡒ࠷ࠊࡆࡡ㆗ㄵࢅ㏳ࡋ࡙ࠉெ㐠୹⩇࠿㝼ெយࡷ༡យ࡛࠷ࡖࡒ࠵ࡼࡹࡾெࠍࢅᑊ㇗࡛ࡌࡾ↋ᕣืࡡយ ࡡᛦ᝷࡚࠵ࡽࠉࡱࡒࠉṂງ⣦ணୖࡡெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅ㏳ࡋ࡙✪ᴗⓏ࡞ࡢᖲ࿰ࢅ㐡ᠺࡌࡾᛦ᝷࡚ࡵ࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅよ ᪺ࡊࡒ࠷ࠊ ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࠿ெ㐠୹⩇࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙ḿᙔ໩࡚ࡀࡾ࠾ྫྷ࠾ࢅ㆗ㄵࡌࡾ๑࡞ࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡᴣᛍ࡛ᶭ⬗ࢅฦ ᯊࡊࠉᐁ㝷ࡡெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡ஥ౚࢅᩒ⌦ࡌࡾᚪさ࠿࠵ࡾ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊࡆࡿ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࡢࠉ➠ 4 ❮࡚㆗ㄵࡌࡾࡆ ࡛࡞ࡊࠉ➠ 5 ❮࡚ࡢࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࠿ெ㐠୹⩇࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙ḿᙔ໩࡚ࡀࡾ࠾ྫྷ࠾ࢅ㆗ㄵࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࠉெ㐠୹ ⩇࠿⤧ᑊᖲ࿰୹⩇࡛ḿᡋㄵࡡ࠷ࡍࡿ࡞ᒌࡌࡾᛦ᝷࡚࠵ࡾࡡ࠾ࢅㄵ✪ࡊࡒ࠷ࠊெ㐠୹⩇࠿ḿᡋㄵࡡ⣌ㆍ࡞ ᒌࡌࡾᛦ᝷࡚࠵ࡿࡣࠉெ㐠୹⩇࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࢅḿᙔ໩ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠿ྊ⬗࡚࠵ࡽࠉ⤧ᑊᖲ࿰୹⩇ࡡ ⣌ㆍ࡞ᒌࡌࡾᛦ᝷࡚࠵ࡿࡣࠉெ㐠୹⩇࡞ᇱࡘࡂெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡢḿᙔ໩࡚ࡀ࡝࠷ࡢࡍ࡚࠵ࡾࠊᮇ✇࡚ࡢࠉெ 㐠୹⩇࠿⤧ᑊᖲ࿰୹⩇ࡡᛦ᝷࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ᪺☔࡞ࡊࠉெ㐠୹⩇࡞ᇱࡘ࠷ࡒெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔ໩ࡢ࡚ࡀ࡝ ࠷ࡆ࡛ࢅよ᪺ࡊࡒ࠷ࠊ ➠஦ࡢࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡢࠉெ㐠୹⩇࡚ࡢ࡝࠷ぞ⠂࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙ḿᙔ໩࡚ࡀ࡝࠷ࡡ࠾࡛࠷࠹Ⅴ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿ ࡢࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࠿ெ㐠୹⩇࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙ḿᙔ໩࡚ࡀ࡝࠷ሔྙ࡚࠵ࡖ࡙ࡵࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡌࡾ㌱஥௒ථ ࠿ḿᙔ໩࡚ࡀࡾぞ⠂Ⓩ᰷ᣈࡢ࡝࠷ࡡ࠾࡛࠷࠹ၡ㢗࡚࠵ࡾࠊெ㐠୹⩇࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙㌱஥௒ථ࠿ᐖヾࡈࡿ࡝࠷ ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡵࠉ⿍ⅇ⩽࡞ᑊࡌࡾኬ㔖ṽᐐࡷẰ᪐Ὧ໩࡛⾔ࡖࡒெ㐠༱ᶭ࡞ᑊࡌࡾరࡼ࠾ࡡᙁโⓏ࣬㌱஥Ⓩ࡝᥈. 6.

(13) ⨠ࢅ࡛ࡾᚪさ࠿ṟࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠊୌ᪁ࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ㌱஥໩ࡡふⅤ࠾ࡼึ᩷ࡌࡿࡣࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ ࠿ᐖ᪾࡞ḿᙔ໩ࡈࡿࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾ࡝ࡼࡣெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ㌱஥໩ࢅຐ㛏ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞࡝ࡽࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ㌱஥໩ࢅᢒ โࡌࡾࡒࡴࡡୌᏽ㝀ᗐࡡḿᙔ໩ࡡᇱ‵࠿ᚪさ࡛࡝ࡾ࡛ゕ࠻ࡾ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊ ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡢࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࠿㌱஥௒ථࡡୌࡗ࡚࠵ࡾࡡ࡚ḿᡋㄵ࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙ḿᙔ໩ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠿ྊ⬗࡚࠵ ࡾࠊḿᡋㄵࡡᇱ‵ࢅெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࡞㐲⏕ࡌࡾ㆗ㄵࡢࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡྙἪᛮ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㆗ㄵ࡛ḿᙔᛮ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ ㆗ㄵࡡ஦ࡗ࡞ᓠื࡚ࡀࡾࠊᅗ㝷Ἢ࡞ᇱࡘ࠷ࡒெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡢࠉᅗ㝷㏻ྙࡡ㞗ᅆᏭධಕ㝸మโ࡞ᇱࡘ࠷ࡒ㌱ ஥Ⓩᙁโ᥈⨠࡛ࡊ࡙ḿᙔ໩ࡈࡿࡾࠊᅗ㏻Ꮽධಕ㝸⌦஥ఌ࠿ࠉெ㐠༱ᶭࢅࠔᅗ㝷ࡡᖲ࿰࡛Ꮽධ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ⬛ ጸࠕ࡛ヾᏽࡊࠉࡐࡡ⬛ጸࢅᤴ㝎ࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞㌱஥Ⓩᙁโ᥈⨠ࢅⓆິࡌࡾ㝀ࡽࠉᅗ㝷Ἢ࡚ࡢெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡢྙ Ἢ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉࠔᅗ㝷ࡡᖲ࿰࡛Ꮽධ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ⬛ጸࠕࡡさ௲࠿ࠉᅗ㏻៿❮࡝࡜ࡡᅗ㝷Ἢぞ⠂࡞ࡢぞᏽ ࡈࡿ࡙࠷࡝࠷ࡡ࡚ࠉᏭධಕ㝸⌦஥ఌ࡚ࡡኬᅗࡡୌ⮬࡛ኣᩐࡡ⌦஥ᅗࡡ㈰ᠺ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ୌᅗහࡡெ㐠ၡ㢗࡞ ᑊࡌࡾ㌱஥௒ථ࠿⃻⏕ࡈࡿࡾ⹧࠿࠵ࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡆ࡚ࠉࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡝ྙἪᛮࡡᇱ‵ࢅ⿭Ᏸࡌࡾࡒࡴࡡḿ ᙔᛮࡡᇱ‵ࢅ⩻ᐳࡌࡾᚪさ࠿࠵ࡾࠊ௒ථ࡛ᅗᐓ୹ᶊ࡞㛭ࡌࡾጟဤఌࠖಕ㆜ࡌࡾ㈈௴ࠗ࡞㛭ࡌࡾெ㐠Ⓩ௒ ථࡡᇱ‵ࢅ㆗ㄵࡊࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࠿ᅗᐓ୹ᶊࡡ⿍ⅇ⩽࡞ᑊࡌࡾࠔಕ㆜ࡌࡾ㈈௴ࠕ࡛࠷࠹㐠⩇Ⓩ᰷ᣈ࡞ᇱࡘ ࠷࡙ḿᙔ໩࡚ࡀࡾࡆ࡛ࢅよ᪺ࡊ࡙࠷ࡀࡒ࠷ࠊࡆࡡࡆ࡛ࢅ㏳ࡋ࡙ࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࠿ெ㐠୹⩇࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙ḿᙔ ໩࡚ࡀࡾࡡ࡚ࡢ࡝ࡂࠉࠔಕ㆜ࡌࡾ㈈௴ࠕ࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙ḿᙔ໩࡚ࡀࡾࡆ࡛ࡵ᪺☔࡞࡚ࡀࡾ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊ ࡆࡿࢅよ᪺ࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࠉ➠ 5 ❮࡚ࡢࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡྙἪᛮ࡛ḿᙔᛮࡡᇱ♇ࢅᙟᠺࡊ࡙ࡀࡒḿᡋㄵࡡ⌦ ㄵⓏ⣌ㆍ࡛Ṃງ⾔౐࠿ḿᙔ໩࡚ࡀࡾḿᡋㄵࡡㅎᇱ‵ࢅㄵ✪ࡊࡒ࠷ࠊࡆࡿࢅㄵ✪ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࠉᅗ㝷㏻ྙ࡚ ࡡெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࢅᐖヾࡌࡾᡥ⤾ࡀ࡞㛭ࡌࡾྙἪᛮࡡᇱ‵ࢅ⩻ᐳࡊࠉࡐࡡྙἪᛮࡡᇱ‵ࡡ㝀⏲ࢅ㆗ㄵࡌࡾࡆ ࡛ࡵ࡚ࡀࡾ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊࡐࡊ࡙ࠉྙἪᛮࡡᇱ‵ࢅ⿭Ᏸࡌࡾḿᙔᛮࡡᇱ‵࡛ࡊ࡙ࠖಕ㆜ࡌࡾ㈈௴ࠗࡡ㆗ㄵࢅ ⩻ᐳࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࠿ெ㐠୹⩇࡚ࡢ࡝ࡂࠉࠔಕ㆜ࡌࡾ㈈௴ࠕ࡛࠷࠹ᅗᐓ୹ᶊ࡞⏜ᮮࡌࡾ㐠⩇Ⓩ ㈈௴࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙ḿᙔ໩࡚ࡀࡾࡆ࡛ࢅよ᪺ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡵ࡚ࡀࡾ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊ ➠୔ࡢࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࠿ࠔಕ㆜ࡌࡾ㈈௴ࠕ࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙ḿᙔ໩ࡈࡿࡾ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡵࠉḿᡋㄵࡡᇱ‵࡞ᚉ࠻ࡣࠉ ᭩⤂ᡥṹ࡛ࡊ࡙⾔౐ࡈࡿ࡝ࡄࡿࡣ࡝ࡼ࡝࠷࡛࠷࠹Ⅴ࡚࠵ࡾࠊḿᡋㄵࡡ㔔さ࡝さ௲ࡡୌࡗ࡞ࠉᡋணࡢࠉ௙ ࡡᖲ࿰Ⓩᡥṹ࠿ᑸࡂࡈࡿࡒሔྙ࡞ᐁ⾔ࡈࡿࡾ࡬ࡀ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛࠷࠹さ௲࠿࠵ࡾ࠿ࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔ໩࡞㛭 ࡌࡾㄵ⩻࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡵࠉአஹஹῦࡷᖲ࿰⥌ᣚࡡ኶ᩃࢅᇱ‵࡛ࡊ࡙᭩⤂ᡥṹ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡᡋ㜒⾔Ⅵࢅḿᙔ໩ࡌࡾ. 7.

(14) ࡛㆗ㄵࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛ࡵᑛ࡝ࡂ࡝࠷ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡢࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡊࡒ㌱஥௒ථ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛࠾ ࡼࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅ㟸ᙁโ࣬㟸㌱஥Ⓩᡥṹ࡚ᒈ㛜ࡌࡾெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭ࡡὩິ࠿௒ථࡡḿᙔ໩ࡡさ௲࡞㛭ࢂࡾࡆ ࡛࡞࡝ࡾࡢࡍ࡚࠵ࡾࠊெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭ࡡὩິ࠿༎ධ࡞ᶭ⬗ࡊࠉ⿍ⅇ⩽࠿༎ฦ࡞ᨾῥࡈࡿࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡿࡣࠉ㌱ ஥௒ථࡢ㐛๨࡝ཬᚺ࡛࡝ࡽḿᙔ໩ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡢ࡚ࡀ࡝࠷ࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ㌱஥໩࡛࠷࠹ふⅤ࠾ࡼึ᩷ ࡌࡿࡣࠉ᭩⤂ᡥṹࡡᇱ‵ࡢࠉ㟸ᙁโⓏ࣬㟸㌱஥Ⓩ࡝ெ㐠ᨥᥴ࠾ࡼᙁโⓏ࣬㌱஥Ⓩ࡝ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࡫ࡡெ㐠 ᨥᥴࡡ㌱஥໩ࢅᐖヾࡌࡾᇱ‵࡛ࡵ࡝ࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࡆࡿࢅよ᪺ࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࡢࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭ࡡὩິ࠿ೳ⁣ࡊࠉ⿍ⅇ⩽࡞ᑊࡌࡾ༎ฦ࡝ᥴຐ࡛ಕ㆜࠿ᥞ౩࡚ ࡀ࡝ࡂ࡝ࡾ᮪௲ࢅよ᪺ࡌࡾᚪさ࠿࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡡࡻ࠹࡝ெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭ࡡὩິࡢࠉ⣦ணᙔ஥⩽࠾ࡼࡡᖱῦࡷ༱ ᐐࢅ㏳ࡋ࡙ೳ⁣ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠿ୌ⯙Ⓩ࡚࠵ࡾࠊᮇ✇࡚ࡢࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭ࡡὩິ࠿ೳ⁣ࡌࡾ᮪௲ࢅ✪᪺ࡌࡾࡒ ࡴ࡞ࠉิࡴ࡞ࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭ࡡὩິ࡛ᶭ⬗ࢅ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡌࡾᚪさ࠿࠵ࡾ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊࡐࡊ࡙ࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭 ࡛⣦ணᙔ஥⩽࡛ࡡ㛭౿ࢅṌྍⓏ࡞ฦᯊࡊ࡙ࠉ᭩ᚃ࡞ࠉ௧୕ࡡࡆ࡛ࢅ㊻ࡱ࠻࡙ࠉ෫ᡋ⤂⤎௧ᚃࡡெ㐠ᨥᥴ ᶭ㛭࡛⣦ணᙔ஥⩽࡛ࡡ㛭౿ࢅよ᪺ࡊ࡙࠷ࡀࡒ࠷ࠊ ➠ 1 ❮࡚ࡢࠉᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ⤄⧂࡛ᶭ⬗ࢅᩒ⌦ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴ࠿㟸ᙁโⓏ࣬㟸㌱஥Ⓩᡥṹ࡞ࡻ ࡖ࡙ࠉᅗᐓ࡚ࡢ࡝ࡂ㟸ᅗᐓ୹మࢅ୯ᚨ࡞Ὡິ࠿ᒈ㛜ࡈࡿ࡙ࡀࡒࡆ࡛ࢅよ᪺࡚ࡀࡾ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊ ➠ 2 ❮࡚ࡢࠉ ெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭࡛⣦ணᙔ஥⩽࡛ࡡ㛭౿ࢅṌྍⓏ࡞ㄵ✪ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭࠿ࠉ⣦ணᙔ஥⩽ࡡ⿍ⅇ⩽ ࡫ࡡಕ㆜ࡌࡾ㈈௴ࢅ⿭Ᏸࡌࡾࡓࡄ࡚࡝ࡂࠉ⣦ணᙔ஥⩽࠿ெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭࡞ᖱῦࡊ࡙ெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅᨳ἖Ⓩ࡞ໜ ᦜࡊࡒࡆ࡛ࡵ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞࡚ࡀࡾ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊୌ᪁ࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭࠿ࠉᅗ㝷᮪⣑ࡡᙟᠺ࡛ᏽ╌ࢅ㏳ࡋ࡙ࠉ⣦ண ᙔ஥⩽ࡡ⿍ⅇ⩽࡞ᑊࡌࡾ㟸ெ㐠Ⓩฌ㐕ࢅぞโࡌࡾὩິࡵᒈ㛜ࡊ࡙ࡀࡒࡆ࡛ࡵ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡊࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭 ࡛⣦ணᙔ஥⩽ࡡ㛭౿࠿⥥ᘿ㛭౿࡚࠵ࡖࡒࡆ࡛ࢅよ᪺࡚ࡀࡾ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊ➠ 6 ❮࡚ࡢࠉ➠ 5 ❮࡚ࡡெ㐠ᨥᥴ ᶭ㛭࡛⣦ணᙔ஥⩽࡛ࡡ⥥ᘿ㛭౿ࢅ㊻ࡱ࠻ࡒ୕࡚ࠉ෫ᡋ⤂⤎௧ᚃࡡெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭࡛⣦ணᙔ஥⩽࡛ࡡ㛭౿ࢅ ✪᪺ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࠉ➠ 3 ❮࡚ㄵ✪ࡊࡒெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ୯❟ᛮ࡛࠷࠹⾔Ⅵぞ⠂࠿ࠉ⣦ணᙔ஥⩽ࡡெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡞ᑊࡌ ࡾᖱῦࢅ㏳ࡋ࡙ཬᨶ࡞ࡈࡿ࡙ࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭࠿⣦ணᙔ஥⩽࡛ㄏヾࡈࡿࡾ஥ឺࢅ᝽㉫ࡊࠉࡱࡒࠉ⣦ணᙔ஥ ⩽࠿ெ㐠ᨥᥴさဤ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙∸⌦Ⓩ࡞༱ᐐࢅຊ࠻ࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭࠿⿍ⅇ⩽࡞ᑊࡌࡾ༎ฦ࡝ᥴຐ࡛ ಕ㆜ࢅᥞ౩࡚ࡀ࡝ࡂ࡝ࡽࠉ᭩⤂ᡥṹ࡛ࡊ࡙ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࠿ᚪさ࡛࡝ࡖࡒ⤊⦃ࢅよ᪺࡚ࡀࡾ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊ ᮇ✇࡚ࡢࠉḿᡋㄵ࡞ᇱࡘ࠷ࡒெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔᛮ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㆗ㄵࢅᢀึⓏ࡞ㄵ✪ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࠉெ㐠୹⩇. 8.

(15) 㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣 ࠿⤧ᑊᖲ࿰୹⩇ࡡ⣌ㆍ࡞న⨠ࡘࡄࡼࡿࡾᛦ᝷࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅよ᪺ࡊࠉெ㐠୹⩇࡞ᇱࡘ࠷ࡒ㌱஥⾔ິ࠿ᐖヾ㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣㸣 ࡚ࡀ࡝࠷ࡆ࡛ࢅ᪺☔࡞ࡊࡒ࠷ࠊୌ᪁ࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡊࡒ㌱஥⾔ິࡢḿᡋㄵ࡞⣌ㆍࡌࡾࠔಕ㆜ࡌࡾ㈈ ௴ࠕ࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙ḿᙔ໩ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠿ྊ⬗࡚࠵ࡽࠉࡐࡿࡢࠉ⣦ணᙔ஥⩽࠿ெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭ࡡὩິ࡞ᖱῦࡊ࡙ࠉ ெ㐠ᨥᥴさဤ࡞༱ᐐࢅຊ࠻ࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭ࡡᨥᥴ࠿⿍ⅇ⩽࡫ࡡ༎ฦ࡝ᨥᥴ࡛ࡢ࡝ࡼ࡝ࡂ࡝ࡾ᭩ ⤂ᡥṹ࡛ࡊ࡙㝀ᏽⓏ࡞⾔౐ࡈࡿࡾ࡬ࡀ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࡵ୹ᘿࡊࡒ࠷ࠊ ௧୕ࡡெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔ໩࡞㛭ࡌࡾ୹㢗ࢅよ᪺ࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࠉ㆗ㄵࡡ㡨ᗆࢅᩒ⌦ࡊࡒ୕࡚ࠉ3 ࡗࡡ㒂࡞ ᵋᠺࡊ࡙ㄵ㏑ࡊ࡙࠷ࡀࡒ࠷ࠊ➠ 1 㒂ࡢࠉ㟸ᙁโ࣬㟸㌱஥ᆵࡡᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅ⩻ᐳࡊࠉ➠ 2 㒂ࡢࠉᙁโ࣬ ㌱஥ᆵࡡெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࢅฦᯊࡊࡒ࠷ࠊ➠ 3 㒂ࡢࠉ➠ 1 㒂࡛➠ 2 㒂ࡡහᐖࢅུࡄ࡙ࠉᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡛ெ㐠Ⓩ ௒ථࡡ㛭౿ࢅㄵ✪ࡊࡒ࠷ࠊ௧ୖࠉ๑㏑ࡊࡒ୹㢗ࡷㄵⅤ࡛ࠉᮇ✇ࡡᵋᠺ࡛ెࡎ࡙ࡲ࡙࠷ࡀࡒ࠷ࠊ ➠ 1 㒂࡚ࡢࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡᅗ㝷໩࡞ࡗ࠷࡙୹మ࣬ᐁ㊰࣬ぞ⠂ࡡ୔ࡗࡡふⅤ࠾ࡼ㆗ㄵࢅᒈ㛜ࡊ࡙࠷ࡀࡒ࠷ࠊ ᮇ✇࡚ࡢࠉ㟸ᙁโ࣬㟸㌱஥ᆵࡡఎ⤣Ⓩ࡝ெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅࠔெ㐠ᨥᥴࠕ࡛ࡊࠉࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡝ெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅᒈ㛜ࡌࡾ ⤄⧂ࢅࠔெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭ࠕ࡛ࡊࠉࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡝ெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅḿᙔ໩ࡌࡾᛦ᝷ࢅࠔெ㐠୹⩇ࠕ࡛࿣⛘ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ ࡊࡒ࠷ࠊ➠ 1 ❮࡚ࡢࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ୹మࡡᅗ㝷໩ࢅ㆗ㄵࡊࡒ࠷ࠊெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ୹మࡢࠉᅗහ୹మ࡛ᅗ㝷୹మ ࡞༇ืࡈࡿࠉᅗහ୹మ࡞ࡻࡾᨥᥴࡡ⬗ງ࠿⿍ⅇࡡぞᶅࢅ㉲࠻ࡾሔྙ࡞ࠉᅗ㝷୹మࡡᨥᥴ࠿ᚪさ࡛࡝ࡾࡆ ࡛ࢅ᪺☔࡞ࡊࠉᅗ㝷୹మࡡெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡚ࡢࠉᅗᐓࡻࡽࡵ㟸ᅗᐓ୹మ㸝㉝༎Ꮚ♣࣬ᅗ㝷ᶭᵋ࣬㟸ᨳᗋ⤄⧂㸞 ࠿⿍ⅇᆀ࡚ࡡᨥᥴࡡ୯ᚨ࡛࡝ࡽࠉ⿍ⅇ⩽࡞ᑊࡌࡾᵕࠍ࡝ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡᶭ⬗ࢅᯕࡒࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅよ᪺࡚ࡀ ࡾ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊ ➠ 2 ❮࡚ࡢࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡᐁ㊰ࡡᅗ㝷໩ࢅ㆗ㄵࡊࡒ࠷ࠊெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭࠿ࠉᅗᐓࡡᶭ⬗ࡡୌࡗ࡚࠵ࡾ⿍ⅇ ⩽ᨥᥴࡡᶭ⬗ࢅ⿭Ᏸࡌࡾୌ᪁࡚ࠉᅗᐓࡡᶊ⬗ࡡୌࡗ࡚࠵ࡾ㟸ெ㐠Ⓩ࡝ᡋண⾔Ⅵࢅᢒโࡌࡾ୹మ࡚࠵ࡖࡒ ࡆ࡛ࢅ᪺☔࡞ࡊࡒ࠷ࠊࡱࡒࠉୠ⏲ኬᡋ୯ࡡ࣭ࣙࣞࢴࣂࡷ᮶࢓ࢩ࢓ࢅ୯ᚨ࡛ࡊࡒெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭ࡡὩິ࠿ࠉ ᳔Ằᆀよᨲ㜒ணࡷහᡋ࡝࡜ࡡṂງ⣦ண࠿㢎Ⓠࡊࡒ࢓ࢩ࢓࣬࢓ࣆࣛ࢜ᆀᇡ࡞ᣉኬࡊࠉಕ㆜ࡡᑊ㇗ࡵᣉᘿࡊ ࡒࡆ࡛ࡵよ᪺ࡊࡒ࠷ࠊ ➠ 3 ❮࡚ࡢࠉெ㐠୹⩇ࡡ⩇ຸࡡᅗ㝷໩ࢅ㆗ㄵࡊࡒ࠷ࠊெ㐠୹⩇ࡡ⩇ຸࡡᅗ㝷໩ࡢࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡᐁ㊰ࡡ ᅗ㝷໩ࢅḿᙔ໩ࡌࡾ⌦ㄵ࡚࠵ࡾࠊெ㐠୹⩇࠿ࠔ࠵ࡼࡹࡾெ㛣ࢅᑊ㇗࡛ࡌࡾយࠕࢅណ࿝ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ♟ࡊࡒ ୕࡚ࠉ࠵ࡼࡹࡾெ㛣ࢅᑊ㇗࡛ࡌࡾ㝀ࡽ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࠉኣᵕ࡝ᏺᩅⓏ࣬ᩝ໩Ⓩ࣬೒⌦Ⓩ౮ೋ࡞ᇱ♇ࡘࡄࡾࡆ࡛. 9.

(16) ࠿ྊ⬗࡚࠵ࡽࠉ⮤ᕤࡷ㎾ば⩽࡝࡜ࡡばᐠᅥࢅ㉲࠻࡙௙ெ࡞យࢅཀྵ࡯ࡊࠉࡱࡒࠉばᐠᅥࡡយ࡛ྜྷ➴ࡡយࢅ ௙ெ࡞ࡵཀྵ࡯ࡌ⩇ຸ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ᪺♟ࡊࡒ࠷ࠊ ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡᅗ㝷໩࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㆗ㄵࢅ㏳ࡋ࡙ࠉ㟸ᙁโ࣬㟸㌱஥Ⓩ࡝ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ୹మ࣬ᐁ㊰࣬ぞ⠂ࢅよ᪺࡚ ࡀࡾ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊ࡝࠽ࠉ➠ 1 㒂࡚ࡡ㆗ㄵࡢࠉᾇአᩝ⊡ࡡ⩳ゼࢅ㝎࠷࡙㑝ㄊᩝ⊡࡚ࡢ࡮࡛ࢆ࡜㆗ㄵࡈࡿ࡙࠽ ࡼࡍࠉ᪝ᮇ࡞࠽ࡄࡾெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡞㛭ࡌࡾໜᣋⓏ࡝㆗ㄵࡡิࡴ࡙ࡡモࡲ࡛ࡵ࡝ࡾࠊெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㆗ㄵࢅ ㊻ࡱ࠻ࡒ୕࡚ࠉ෫ᡋ⤂⤎௧ᚃࡡெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡᐁ⾔࡛࠷࠹ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ㌱஥໩࡛࠷࠹᩺ࡊ࠷ᑻ㟻࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡵ ฦᯊࡌࡾᚪさ࠿࠵ࡾࠊ ➠ 2 㒂࡚ࡢࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ㌱஥໩࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ᐁ㊰࡛ぞ⠂ࡡ஦ࡗࡡふⅤ࠾ࡼ㆗ㄵࢅᒈ㛜ࡊ࡙࠷ࡀࡒ࠷ࠊᮇ✇ ࡚ࡢࠉᙁโ࣬㌱஥ᆵࡡெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅࠔெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࠕ࡛࿣⛘ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡊࡒ࠷ࠊ➠ 4 ❮࡚ࡢࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࠿ ெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅ୹さ࡝┘Ⓩ࡛ࡌࡾ㌱஥௒ථ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛ᏽ⩇ࡊࡒ୕࡚ࠉ㌱஥௒ථ࠿ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛ึ᩷ࡌࡾ ࡒࡴ࡞ࡢࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡ୹さ࡝Ὡິ࠿ெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡚࠵ࡾࡓࡄ࡚࡝ࡂࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔ໩ࡡ୹さ࡝⌦⏜࡛ ࡊ࡙ெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅᣪࡅࡾᚪさࢅ㆗ㄵࡊࡒ࠷ࠊெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔ໩ࡡ⌦⏜࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࡢࠉ➠ 5 ❮࡚㆗ㄵࢅᒈ㛜 ࡊࠉ➠ 4 ❮࡚ࡢࠉ෫ᡋ⤂⤎௧ᚃࡡெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡ஥ౚࡡ⩻ᐳࢅ㏳ࡋ࡙ࠉெ㐠༱ᶭࡡ⏊ኬᛮ࡛᛬㏍ᛮࠉெ㐠 ༱ᶭࡡཋᅄ࡛⫴ᬊࡓࡄ࡚࡝ࡂࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࠿ெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅ୹さ࡝Ὡິ࡛ࡊ࡙ᐁ㊰ࡈࡿࡒ࠾ྫྷ࠾࡞ࡗ࠷࡙᳠ ッࡊ࡙࠷ࡀࡒ࠷ࠊ ➠ 5 ❮࡚ࡢࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔ໩࡞㛭ࡌࡾ⌦ㄵ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉḿᡋㄵࡡ⌦ㄵⓏ⣌ㆍࢅᩒ⌦ࡊࠉ⌟௥ᅗ㝷Ἢࡡ ྙἪᛮ࡞ᇱ‵࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙஥ౚࢅ᳠ッࡊࡒ୕࡚ࠉḿᡋㄵࢅெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔ໩ࡡᇱ‵࡛ࡊ࡙ᥴ⏕ࡊࡒࠉ௒ ථ࡛ᅗᐓ୹ᶊ࡞㛭ࡌࡾᅗ㝷ጟဤఌ㸝ICISS㸞ሒ࿈᭡ࠖಕ㆜ࡌࡾ㈈௴ࠗࡡᇱ‵ࢅ⩻ᐳࡊࡒ࠷ࠊ➠ 2 ❮ࡡெ㐠 ୹⩇ࡡ⩇ຸ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㆗ㄵ࠾ࡼெ㐠୹⩇࠿⤧ᑊᖲ࿰୹⩇ࡡ⣌ㆍ࡞న⨠ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ♟ࡊࠉெ㐠୹⩇࡞ᇱࡘ࠷ ࡙ᡋணࢅḿᙔ໩࡚ࡀ࡝࠷ࡆ࡛ࢅ㆗ㄵࡌࡾୌ᪁ࠉᅗᐓ୹ᶊ࡞⏜ᮮࡌࡾࠔಕ㆜ࡌࡾ㈈௴ࠕ࡛࠷ࡖࡒ㐠⩇Ⓩ㈈ ௴ࢅᇱ♇࡛ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࠉḿᡋㄵࡡᇱ‵ࢅ‵⏕ࡊ࡙⿍ⅇ⩽ࢅᨾῥࡌࡾ㌱஥௒ථࢅᐖヾࡌࡾఴᆀ࠿Ꮛᅹࡌࡾ ࡆ࡛ࢅㄵ㆗ࡊࡒ࠷ࠊࡐࡡ୕࡚ࠉࠔಕ㆜ࡌࡾ㈈௴ࠕࡡᇱ‵࡚ࡢࠉᡋணࡢ᭩⤂ᡥṹ࡛ࡊ࡙⾔౐ࡈࡿ࡝ࡄࡿࡣ ࡝ࡼࡍࠉᖲ࿰Ⓩᡥṹ࡚࠵ࡾெ㐠ᨥᥴ࠿㝀⏲࡛࡝ࡾᐁ㊰Ⓩ᮪௲ࢅ᥀✪ࡌࡾᚪさᛮࢅ᪺♟ࡊࡒ࠷ࠊ ⾪ 1 ➠ 1 㒂࣬➠ 2 㒂ࡡᵋᠺ ெ㐠ᨥᥴ. ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ. ➠ 1 㒂 ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡᅗ㝷໩. ➠ 2 㒂 ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ㌱஥໩. 10.

(17) ୹మ ᐁ㊰. ➠1❮. ➠4❮. ᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ୹మ. ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡᐁ㊰. ➠2❮ ᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡṌྍ. ぞ⠂. ➠3❮. ➠5❮. ᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡᛦ᝷. ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔ໩. ➠ 3 㒂࡚ࡢࠉ➠ 5 ❮ࡡ⤎ㄵࢅུࡄ࡙ࠉᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡛ெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡᐁ㊰Ⓩഁ㟻࡛㛭౿࡞ࡗ࠷࡙㆗ㄵࡊ ࡙࠷ࡀࡒ࠷ࠊࡆࡡᐁ㊰࡞࠽ࡄࡾྊ⬗ᛮࡷ㝀⏲ࢅよ᪺ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ㏳ࡋ࡙ࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࢅḿᙔ໩ࡌࡾさ௲ࡡ 㔔さ࡝ഁ㟻࠿よ᪺࡚ࡀࡾ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊ ➠ 6 ❮࡚ࡢࠉ෫ᡋ⤂⤎௧ᚃࡡெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭࡛⣦ணᙔ஥⩽࡛ࡡ㛭౿࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ฦᯊࡊࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴ࠿ᴗࡴ࡙ ᅏ㞬࡛࡝ࡾᐁ㊰୕ࡡ᮪௲ࢅ᪺☔࡞ࡊࡒ࠷ࠊࠔ᩺ࡊ࠷ᡋணࠕ࡛ゕࢂࡿࡾṂງ⣦ணࡡ≁ᚡࢅᣪࡅࡒ୕࡚ࠉ⣦ ணᙔ஥⩽࠿ெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅᡋண㐑⾔࡞ฺ᭯࡞࡝ࡾࡻ࠹࡞⃻⏕ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡞ᑊࡌࡾᖱῦࡵ㢎Ⓠࡊࠉ ெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭ࡡ୯❟ᛮࢅ⥌ᣚࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠿ᅏ㞬࡛࡝ࡽࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴさဤࡡᏭධᛮ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ୘Ꮽࡵቌኬࡌࡾࡻ ࠹࡞࡝ࡖࡒࠊெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡞ᑊࡌࡾᖱῦ㜴Ḿࡊࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭ࡡ⫃ဤࡡᏭධࢅಕ㝸ࡌࡾࡒࡴࡡᅗ㝷Ⓩ࡝㌱஥ ௒ථ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࠿ฺ⏕ࡈࡿࡒࡆ࡛ࢅ᪺☔࡞ࡊࡒ࠷ࠊࡱࡒࠉ෫ᡋ⤂⤎௧ᚃࡡெ㐠ᨥᥴᶭ㛭࡛௒ථ ㌱࡛ࡡ㛭౿࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ฦᯊࡊࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴさဤࡡᏭධࢅ☔ಕࡌࡾெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡᶭ⬗࠿ࠉࡐࡡ୯❟ᛮ࡛Ꮽධᛮ ࢅ⬛࠾ࡌ㏣ᶭ⬗ࢅ᭯ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡵ☔ヾࡊࡒ࠷ࠊ ௧୕ࡡࡆ࡛ࢅ㏳ࡋ࡙ࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔ໩࡞㛭ࡌࡾ୔ࡗࡡㄵⅤࢅよ᪺ࡊࠉࡐࡡࡆ࡛ࢅ㏳ࡋ࡙ெ㐠ᨥᥴ ࡡ㌱஥໩࡛࠷࠹ᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡንᐖ࡛ྊ⬗ᛮࢅ᪺♟ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠿ྊ⬗࡛࡝ࡾ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊ. 1. ⪯ࣙࣀࢾ㥵ኃᅆ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࡢࠉ௧ୖࡡᩝ⊡ࢅཤ↯ࡊࡒࠊᶣཾ೒ຐࠖ㥵ኃᅆࠗࠉ㎾⸠ฝ∟♣ࠉ1971 ᖳࠊ⠓⏛㞕ḗ㑳ࠖ⪯ᇸ㥵 ኃᅆࠗ ࠉ୯ኳපㄵ♣ࠉ1976 ᖳࠊ᭽ಲᩝᕰࠖಞ㐠㝌࡞ࡲࡾ࣭ࣙࣞࢴࣂࡡᚨࠗ ࠉᒜᕖฝ∟♣ࠉ2004 ᖳࠊࡱࡒࠉ࣭ࣞࢺࢪ࠽ࡻ ࡦ࣏ࣜࢰ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ࢕࢙ࣜࢦ࣑ࣝࡡ⪯ࣙࣀࢾ⑋㝌≺❟㥵ኃಞ㐠ఌ㸝࣏ࣜࢰ㥵ኃᅆ㸞ࡡ⌟ᅹࡡ⤄⧂ࡷὩິ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢࠉ࣏ࣜ ࢰ㥵ኃᅆࡡ࣭࣑࣭࣌࣋ࢩࢅཤ⩻࡞ࡊࡒࠊhttp://www.orderofmalta.org㸝1 January 2007㸞.. 2 3. ᶣཾ೒ຐࠉ๑᥎᭡ࠉ179-185 㡣ࠊ ᶣཾ೒ຐࠉ๑᥎᭡ࠉ45-51 㡣ࠊ࣏ࣜࢰ㥵ኃᅆࡡࢗ࢘ࢴࣇࢦ࢕ࢹ࡚ࡢ௧ୖࡡࡻ࠹࡞㌱㝪ᶭ⬗࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ㄕ᪺ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࠔಞ 㐠ఌࡢࠉᕙ♡⩽ࡷ⑋⩽ࡡಕ㆜ࡡࡒࡴ࡞ࠉ⪯ᆀࡡ࢞ࣛࢪࢹᩅᚈࡡ㡷ᅰࢅಕ㆜ࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞㌱㝪࡛࡝ࡼ࡝ࡄࡿࡣ࡝ࡼ࡝࠾ࡖࡒࠊ ಞ㐠ఌࡢࠉ࣏ࣜࢰࢅ႕኶ࡊ࡙௧ᮮࠉ㌱㝪ࡡᶭ⬗ࢅᨲᲘࡊࠉ௑᪝࡚ࡢ㌱㝪ࡡఎ⤣ࡡࡲࢅ⥌ᣚࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠕ ࠊ. 11.

(18) http://www.orderofmalta.org/domrisp.asp?idlingua=5㸝1 January 2007㸞. 4. http://www.orderofmalta.org/attmu.asp?idlingua=5㸝1 January 2007㸞.. 5. A/47/277 - S/24111, 17 June 1992.. 6. The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, The Responsibility to Protect, Ottawa: the International Development Research Centre, 2001.. 12.

(19) ➠ 1 㒂 ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡᅗ㝷໩ ➠ 1 ❮ ᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ⤄⧂࡛ᶭ⬗. 1 ᗆㄵ ெ㛣ࡢࠉࡐࡡ㄄⏍࠾ࡼ㛏࠷ṋ᭮࡞யࡖ࡙ࠉഭ⑋ࡷ⑄⑋࡚ⱖᝆࡌࡾ௙⩽ࢅᨾῥࡊ࡙ࡀࡒࠊ⌟௥࡞࠽࠷࡙ ࡵࠉெ㛣ࡡ௙⩽࡞ᑊࡌࡾᨾῥࡡ⾔Ⅵࡢ⤽⤾ࡈࡿࠉᑑᮮ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡵࠉࡐࡡெ㛣ࡡႜⅥ࠿㏭⤧ࡌࡾ࡛ࡢᛦࢂ ࡿ࡝࠷ࠊࡐࡿࡢࠉெ㛣࠿⮤ᕤࡷ௙⩽ࡡ⏍ᏋࢅᕵịࡌࡾᏋᅹ࡚࠵ࡾࡓࡄ࡚࡝ࡂࠉெ㛣ࡡណᛦ࡛⬗ງ࡞ࡻࡖ ࡙௙⩽ࡡṒ᭿ࢅ⧖ࡽᘇ࡬ࡾࡆ࡛࠿ྊ⬗࡚࠵ࡾ࠾ࡼ࡚ࡵ࠵ࡾࠊ௙⩽ࡡᨾῥ࡛࠷࠹ெ㛣ࡡ⾔Ⅵࡢࠉᐓ᪐ࡷ㎾ば⩽ࢅ㉲࠻࡙ࠉ௙ெࡷ␏㑝ெࡱ࡚ࡵᑊ㇗࡛ࡌࡾெ㐠Ⓩ⾔Ⅵ࡞Ⓠᒈࡊࠉ⌟௥࡚ࡢࠉᅗሾࢅ㉲࠻ࡒὩິ࡞ᠺ 㛏ࡊࠉᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᶭ㛭࡛࠷࠹ᅗ㝷Ⓩ୹మࢅᵋ⠇ࡌࡾṹ㝭࡞฽㐡ࡊࡒࠊ ᮇ❮࡚ࡢࠉᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ୹మࡡᅗ㝷໩ࢅ୹㢗࡛ࡊࠉ௧ୖࡡ୔ࡗࡡⅤࢅよ᪺ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡊࡒ࠷ࠊ➠ୌ ࡢࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ᭩ิࡡ୹మࡢࠉ⿍ⅇ⩽࡛㎾ば⩽࡚࠵ࡾୌ᪁࡚ࠉ⌟௥࡚ࡢࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ᭩ᚃࡡ୹మ࠿ࠉᅗ 㝷Ⓩ୹మ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾ㸝➠ 1 ❮➠ 2 ⟿㸞ࠊெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡ㆗ㄵ࡚ࡢࠉ⿍ⅇ⩽ࡷ⿍ⅇࡊࡒᆀᇡ࠿ࠉ ௒ථ㌱ࡡᨥᥴࡡᐂమ࡛ࡊ࡙ヾㆉࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛࠿ኣ࠷ࡡ࡚࠵ࡾ࠿ࠉ⿍ⅇ⩽ࡷ⿍ⅇᅗࡡᨥᥴ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ୹మᛮࢅ ්☔ヾࡊࡒ࠷ࠊࡆࡡࡆ࡛ࡢࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔ໩ࡡさ௲ࢅㄵ✪ࡌࡾሔྙ࡞ࠉᴗࡴ࡙㔔さ࡝ណ࿝ࢅ᭯ࡌࡾ ࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ➠஦ࡢࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡᅗ㝷Ⓩ୹మ࡛ࡢ࠷࠾࡝ࡾ୹మ࡚࠵ࡾࡡ࠾࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾ㸝➠ 1 ❮➠ 3 ⟿㸞ࠊᅗ 㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ⤄⧂ࡢࠉᅗᐓ୹మ㸝ᥴຐᅗ㸞࡛㟸ᅗᐓ୹మ㸝ᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᶭ㛭㸞࡞ᓠื࡚ࡀࡾ࠿ࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ ࡡ㆗ㄵ࡚ࡢࠉᅗᐓ࠿Ὤඹࡊࡒ௒ථ㌱ࢅ୯ᚨⓏ୹మ࡛ࡊ࡙ฦᯊࡌࡾࡡ࡚ࠉ㉝༎Ꮚᅗ㝷ጟဤఌ࡝࡜ࡡᅗ㝷ெ 㐠ᶭ㛭࠿࿔㎰Ⓩ୹మ࡛ࡊ࡙న⨠௛ࡄࡼࡿࡾࡆ࡛࠿ኣ࠷ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉ⿍ⅇᆀ࡚ࡡெ㐠ᨥᥴࡢࠉ㟸ᅗᐓ୹మ࡞ ࡻࡾᨥᥴ࠿㏳ౚ࡚࠵ࡽࠉᥴຐᅗࡢࠉ㟸ᅗᐓ୹మࢅ㏳ࡋ࡙ࠉ⿍ⅇᆀ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ㈠㔘ࡷ∸㈠ࢅᥞ౩ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠿ ୌ⯙Ⓩ࡚࠵ࡾࠊெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡢࠉ⿍ⅇᆀ࡫ࡡெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡛࠷࠹ᩝ⬞࡚ࡢᴗࡴ࡙ౚአⓏ࡞⾔౐ࡈࡿࡾ࡞㐛ࡁ࡝ ࠷ࠊࡆࡿ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࡵࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔ໩ࡡさ௲࡞㛭㏻ࡌࡾさⅤࡡୌࡗ࡚࠵ࡽࠉ⏻ណࡌࡾᚪさ࠿࠵ࡾࠊ ➠୔ࡢࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡛ࡢ࠷࠾࡝ࡾ⾔Ⅵ࡚࠵ࡾࡡ࠾࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾ㸝➠ 1 ❮➠ 4 ⟿㸞ࠊᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ ⿍ⅇ⩽࡞ᑊࡌࡾᶭ⬗࡞ࡢࠉ༈⒢Ὡິࠉ㣏⣂࣬ᰜ㣬ࡡᥞ౩࡛ᨭၻࠉප⾏⾠⏍ࡡᨭၻࠉ㑂㞬ᡜࡡス⨠࡛᪝ᖏ. 13.

(20) ⏍Ὡࡡ☔ಕࡡᄿࡗࡡᶭ⬗࠿࠵ࡾࠊெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡌࡾெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡵெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡᶭ⬗ࢅṂງ⣦ண࡚ᢰ࠹ ࡆ࡛࡞࡝ࡾࡡ࡚ࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡὩິࢅ⌦よࡌࡾ୕࡚ࡵெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ⿍ⅇ⩽࡞ᑊࡌࡾᶭ⬗ࢅ⌦よࡌࡾᚪさ࠿ ࠵ࡾࠊ. 2 ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ୹మ̿ᅗහ୹మ ⮤↓ⅇᐐࡷṂງ⣦ணࡡ⿍ⅇ⩽ࢅ᭩ิ࡞ᨾ㆜ࡌࡾࡡࡢࠉኬぞᶅ࡝⤄⧂࡛ெဤ࠾ࡼᵋᠺࡈࡿࡾᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᶭ 㛭࡚ࡢ࡝ࡂࠉ⿍ⅇ⩽⮤㌗࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛࠿ୌ⯙Ⓩ࡚࠵ࡾ1ࠊṂງ⣦ணࡡᬸງⓏ⾔Ⅵ࡞ࡻࡾ├᥃Ⓩ༱ᐐࡷࠉࡆࡿ ࡞௛㝮ࡌࡾ㣏⣂ࠉᰜ㣬ࠉỀࠉపᑽࡡḖஇ࡝࡜࡞ࡻࡾ㛣᥃Ⓩ༱ᐐ࠾ࡼࠉ⏍࿤ࡷ೸ᗛࢅ⥌ᣚࡊࡻ࠹࡛ࡌࡾࡡ ࡢࠉኣࡂࡡெ㛣࡞ぜࡼࡿࡾ⮤↓࡝ཬᚺ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ⿍ⅇ⩽ࡢࠉ⮤ฦࡡ⏍࿤ࡷ೸ᗛࢅ⥌ᣚࡌࡾࡡ࡞ᚪさ࡝⬗ງ࠿༎ฦ࡞ṟࡈࡿ࡙࠷࡝࠷ሔྙࠉᐓ᪐࡝࡜ࡡ㎾ば⩽࡞ᥴຐ࡛ಕ㆜ࢅさㄫࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞࡝ࡾࠊ⿍ⅇ⩽࠿ࠉ㎾ば⩽ࡡࢢ࢓࡚ᨾ㆜ࡈࡿࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡿࡣࠉࡐࡿ࡚༎ ฦ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ㎾ば⩽ࡡࢢ࢓࠿⿍ⅇ⩽ࡡᨾ㆜࡞༎ฦ࡚ࡢ࡝࠷ሔྙࠉᆀᇡࡷᏺᩅ࡝࡜ࢅ⣛ᖈ࡛ࡌࡾභྜྷమ࡞ࡻ ࡖ࡙ࠉࡐࡡᵋᠺဤ࡚࠵ࡾ⿍ⅇ⩽࠿ᨾῥࡈࡿࡾ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࡊࠉࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡝භྜྷమࡡᨥᥴࡡ⬗ງࢅ෻㥑ࡌࡾ࡮ ࡜ࡡኬぞᶅ࡝⿍ⅇ࠿⏍㉫ࡊࡒሔྙࠉᆀ᪁ᨳᗋࡷ୯ኳᨳᗋ࠿⿍ⅇ⩽࡞ᑊࡌࡾᥴຐࢅᒈ㛜ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞࡝ࡾࠊ ⌟௥ࡡ୹ᶊᅗᐓమโ࡚ࡢࠉᅗᐓ࠿ᅗẰࡡ⏍Ꮛᶊࢅಕ㝸ࡌࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾ࠾ࡼࠉ⿍ⅇ⩽ࢅಕ㆜ࡌࡾ㈈௴ࡢᅗᐓ ࡞࠵ࡾࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉࡐࡡᅗᐓ࠿ᅗẰࡡᏭධࢅಕ㝸ࡌࡾណᛦ࡛⬗ງ࡞Ḗⴘࡌࡾሔྙࠉᅗ㝷୹మ࡞ࡻࡾᨾῥ⾔ Ⅵ࠿ᚪさ࡛࡝ࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࡢࠉெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࡡḿᙔᛮࡡࠔಕ㆜ࡌࡾ㈈௴ࠕ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㆗ㄵ࡞࠽ ࠷්࡙ᗐᣞᦤࡊࡒ࠷㸝➠ 5 ❮➠ 5 ⟿㸞ࠊ. 3 ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ୹మ̿ᅗ㝷୹మ ⮤↓ⅇᐐࡷṂງ⣦ணࡡ⿍ⅇ⩽࠿ࠉᆀ᪁ᨳᗋࡷ୯ኳᨳᗋ࡝࡜ࡡᨥᥴ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࡵ༎ฦ࡞ᨾῥ࡚ࡀ࡝࠷ሔྙ ࡞ࠉᅗሾࢅ㉲࠻ࡒெ㐠ᨥᥴ࠿さㄫࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛࡞࡝ࡾ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊࡗࡱࡽࠉெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ୹మ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ゕ᪺ࡌ ࡿࡣࠉᅗහ୹మࡡᨥᥴࡡ⬗ງࢅ㉰࠻ࡾኬぞᶅ࠾ࡗ᛬㏍ࡡ஥ឺ࡞⮫ࡖࡒሔྙ࡞ิࡴ࡙ࠉᅗ㝷Ⓩ୹మ࠿⿍ⅇ ᆀ࡞㛭୙ࡌࡾᚪさᛮ࠿⏍ࡍࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡝⥥᛬஥ឺ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࡢࠉ࠷ࡂࡗ࠾ࡡᐂふⓏ࡝ᣞᵾࡷᣞ ᵾ໩ࡈࡿ࡝࠷㌗మⓏ⬛ጸࡡ⛤ᗐ࡝࡜ࢅ⥪ྙⓏ࡞ึ᩷ࡌࡾᚪさ࠿࠵ࡾ࠿ࠉ࡛ࡂ࡞㔔さ࡝ᣞᵾࡢṒஷ⋙࡚࠵. 14.

(21) ࡾ࡛ࡈࡿࡾ㸝⾪ 2ࠉ⾪ 3 ཤ↯㸞ࠊ1 ᪝ᙔࡒࡽ 1 ୒ெᙔࡒࡽࡡṒஷ⋙㸝♵Ṓஷ⋙㸞࠿ 2 ௧୕࡚࠵ࡾሔྙ࡞ ⥥᛬஥ឺ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛ࡈࡿࠉᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᶭ㛭ࡢ♵Ṓஷ⋙ࢅ 1 ᮅ‫┘ࢅ࡛ࡆࡾࡌ࡞‮‬ᵾ࡛ࡊ࡙Ὡິࢅᒈ㛜ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ ࠿ኣ࠷ࠊࡐࡊ࡙ࠉᅗහ୹మ࠿⿍ⅇ⩽ࢅᨾῥ࡚ࡀࡾỀ‵࡞஥ឺ࠿཭ᮨࡌࡿࡣࠉᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡢ㐛๨࡝ᨥᥴ ࡛࡝ࡾࡡ࡚ࠉᅗ㝷୹మࡢ⿍ⅇᆀ࠾ࡼ㏝ฝࡌࡾᚪさࡵ࠵ࡾ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊ ⾪ 2 ⥥᛬஥ឺᣞᵾ ᣞᵾ. ⥥᛬஥ឺ࡛ࡈࡿࡾỀ‵. Ṓஷ⋙. 1 ᪝ 1 ୒ெ࠵ࡒࡽ 2 ெࢅ㉰࠻ࡒሔྙ. ඡ❲ࡡᰜ㣬≟ឺ. మ㔔࠿ᖲᆍೋ 0.8 ᮅ‫ࡡ‮‬ඡ❲࠿ 10 ࣂ࣭ࢬࣤࢹࢅ㉰࠻ࡾ. 㣏⣂. 1 ᪝ 1 ெ࠵ࡒࡽ 2,100 ࣭࢜ࣞࣛᮅ‫‮‬. ⤝Ề㔖. 1 ᪝ 1 ெ࠵ࡒࡽ 10 ࣛࢴࢹࣜᮅ‫‮‬. Ề㈻. ୖ②ࡡெ࠿ 25 ࣂ࣭ࢬࣤࢹࢅ㉰࠻ࡾ. ࢞ࣔࣤࣈ⏕ᆀ㟻✒. 1 ெ࠵ࡒࡽ 30 ᖲ᪁࣒࣭ࢹࣜᮅ‫‮‬㸝ᗖࡡ㟻✒ࢅྱࡱ࡝࠷㸞. 㑂㞬ᡜࡡ㟻✒. 1 ெ࠵ࡒࡽ 3.5 ᖲ᪁࣒࣭ࢹࣜᮅ‫‮‬ 2. ᅗ㏻㞬Ằ㧏➴ᘒຸᏻ஥ຸᡜ⥽ࠖ⥥᛬ᑊᚺࣀࣤࢺࣇࢴࢠࠗࠉ➠ 2 ∟ࠉ35 㡣 ࠊ. ⾪ 3 ⢊Ṓஷ⋙㸝CMR㸞3ࡡᇱ‵ 1 ᪝ 1 ୒ெ࠵ࡒࡽࡡṒஷᩐ ኬኣᩐࡡ㏭୕ᅗ࡚ࡡᖲᆍೋ. 0.5. ᨾᥴゝ⏤ࡢセᐖ⠂ᅑහ. 1.0 ᮅ‫‮‬. ᨾᥴゝ⏤ࡢᴗࡴ࡙῕็࡝≟Ἓ. 1.0 ௧୕. ⥥᛬஥ឺ࣬ᑊᚺ୘⬗≟ឺ. 2.0 ௧୕. ኬᝲ஥. 5.0 ௧୕ 4. ᅗ㏻㞬Ằ㧏➴ᘒຸᏻ஥ຸᡜ⥽ࠖ⥥᛬ᑊᚺࣀࣤࢺࣇࢴࢠࠗࠉ➠ 2 ∟ࠉ177 㡣 ࠊ. ௧ୖࠉࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡝ᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴࡡ୹మࢅࠉᅗᐓ࡛㟸ᅗᐓ୹మࡡ஦ࡗ࡞ฦ㢦ࡊ࡙ࠉࡐࡡ⤄⧂ࡡ≁ᚡࢅᴣ ふࡊ࡙࠷ࡀࡒ࠷ࠊ. (1) ᅗᐓ ᅗᐓ࡞ࡻࡾᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡛ࡢࠉᥴຐᅗ㸝donor㸞࠿⿍ⅇᅗ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ᐁ᪃ࡌࡾெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ࡛ࡂ࡞ࠉ ᅗᐓ࡞ࡻࡾᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡞࠽࠷࡙㔔さ࡝ᙲ๪ࢅᯕࡒࡊ࡙࠷ࡾᶭ㛭ࡢࠉ࢓࣒ࣛ࢜ࡡ㛜Ⓠᥴຐᖿ㸝United States Agency for International Development; USAID㸞5ࠉḚᕗࡡḚᕗ㏻ྙெ㐠ᥴຐᑻ㸝European Community Humanitarian Office; ECHO㸞6ࠉ᪝ᮇࡡᅗ㝷༝ງᶭᵋ㸝Japan International Cooperation Agency; JICA㸞7࡛࠷ ࡖࡒᥴຐᶭ㛭࡚࠵ࡾࠊெ㐠ᨥᥴࡢࠉ୯㛏᭿Ⓩ࡝ゝ⏤࡞ᇱࡘࡂ㛜Ⓠᨥᥴ࡛ࡢ␏࡝ࡽࠉ⥥᛬ᛮࢅ᭯ࡌࡾࡡ࡚ࠉ. 15.

(22) ᥴຐᅗࡢࠉᨳᗋࡡ⫃ဤࢅ⿍ⅇᆀ࡞Ὤ㐭ࡊ࡙├᥃⿍ⅇ⩽ࢅᨾᥴࡌࡾࡻࡽࡵࠉࡌ࡚࡞⿍ⅇᆀ࡚ᨥᥴࢅᥞ౩ࡊ ࡙࠷ࡾ⌟ᆀࡡ㉝༎Ꮚ♣࣬㉝᩺᭮♣ࠉ㟸ᨳᗋ⤄⧂ࠉᅗ㝷ᶭ㛭ࢅ㏳ࡋ࡙㈠㔘ࡷ∸㈠ࢅᥞ౩ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠿ୌ⯙Ⓩ ࡚࠵ࡾ㸝ᅒ 1 ཤ↯㸞ࠊࡒ࡛࠻ࡣࠉḚᕗ㏻ྙெ㐠ᥴຐᑻ࡞ࡻࡾ㈠㔘ᥞ౩ࡢࠉ⣑༖ᩐ࠿࣭ࣙࣞࢴࣂࡡ㟸ᨳᗋ ⤄⧂ࠉ⣑ 3 ๪࠿ᅗ㝷㏻ྙᶭ㛭ࠉ⣑ 1 ๪࠿ᅗ㝷㉝༎Ꮚ♣࡛ᅗ㝷⛛పᶭ㛭࡞ᥞ౩ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸝ᅒ 2 ཤ↯㸞ࠊ ᨳᗋ࡞ࡻࡾெ㐠ᨥᥴࡢࠉࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡝㟸ᅗᐓ୹మࢅ㏳ࡋ࡙㈠㔘ࡷ⿭ຐ㔘ࡡᥞ౩࡛࠷࠹ᙟᘟ࡚ᐁ㊰ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ ࡾࡆ࡛࠾ࡼࠉ⿍ⅇᆀ࡚ᥴຐࡷಕ㆜ࢅᥞ౩ࡌࡾࡡࡢࠉ㟸ᅗᐓ୹మࡡὩິ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛⌦よ࡚ࡀࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾ8ࠊ ᅒ 1 ᅗ㝷Ⓩ୹మ࡛ᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡛ࡡ㛭౿ ࣆ࢔࣭ࣜࢺ ெ㐠ᨥᥴὩິ. ࣆ࢔࣭ࣜࢺ࡚Ὡິࡌࡾ ㉝༎Ꮚ♣࣬㟸ᨳᗋ⤄⧂ 㸝Red Cross and NGOs㸞. ࣆ࢔࣭ࣜࢺ࡚Ὡິࡌࡾ ᨳᗋ㛣ᶭ㛭㸝ᅗ㝷㏻ྙ㸞㸝IGOs; United Nations㸞. ࣆ࢔࣭ࣜࢺ࡚Ὡິࡌࡾ ᖲ࿰⥌ᣚ㌱࣬௒ථ㌱㸝Military Force㸞. ᨥᥴ. Ὤ㐭 ᨥᥴ. ㉝༎Ꮚ♣࣬㟸ᨳᗋ⤄⧂ 㸝Red Cross and NGOs㸞. ᨥᥴ࣬⿭ຐ㔘 ᨥᥴ. ᨳᗋ㛣ᶭ㛭㸝ᅗ㝷㏻ྙ㸞㸝IGOs; United Nations㸞 ฦᢰ㔘࣬ᣈฝ㔘. 㹠ࢆ ᨳᗋ. ㌱㝪 Ὤ㐭. ⛧㔘 ⮤ⓆⓏᐞ௛ ಴ெ. 㸝➱⩽షᠺ㸞. 16.

(23) ᅒ 2 Ḛᕗ㏻ྙெ㐠ᥴຐᑻࡡ㈠㔘ᥞ౩඙㸝2001-2005㸞. 70. 63. 60. 60. 60 54. 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005. 51. 50 !. 40. 33. 30. 27. 28. 29. 28. 20 12 8. 10. 8. 9. 12 2. 0. !" #$%&'. ()*+. (,-./! (,01*+. 4. 5. 3. 4. !"*+ $%*+2345. Ḛᕗ㏻ྙெ㐠ᥴຐᑻࡡ࣭࣑࣭࣌࣋ࢩཤ↯9. ࡊ࠾ࡊࠉ෫ᡋ⤂⤎௧ᚃ࡚ࡢࠉᅗᐓ࠿㌱㝪ࢅ⿍ⅇᆀ࡞Ὤ㐭ࡊ࡙├᥃Ⓩ࡞ெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡞ཤථࡌࡾࡻ࠹࡞࡝ࡖ ࡒ10ࠊ௙ᅗࡡ⮤↓ⅇᐐࡡ⿍ⅇᆀ࡫ࡡᅗ㝷⥥᛬ᥴຐ㝪ࡡὬ㐭ࡓࡄ࡚࡝ࡂࠉ௙ᅗࡡṂງ⣦ணࡡ⿍ⅇ⩽࡞ᑊࡌ ࡾெ㐠ᨥᥴ࡞ࡵெ㐠ᨥᥴ㒂㝪ࡷ௒ථ㌱ࢅὩ⏕ࡌࡾ஥ౚ࠿ቌຊࡊ࡙࠽ࡽࠉࡆࡡࡆ࡛ࡢࠉᙁโ࡛Ṃງ⾔౐ࢅ ≁ᚡ࡛ࡌࡾெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථࢅㄵ✪ࡌࡾ୕࡚⏻ណࡌࡾ࡬ࡀ᩺ࡊ࠷ິྡྷ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉ㟸ᅗᐓ୹మࡡெ㐠ᨥᥴ ࡛Ẓ㍉ࡌࡿࡣࠉᅗᐓ࡞ࡻࡾ㌱㝪ࡡὬ㐭ࡢౚአⓏ࠾ࡗ㝀ᏽⓏ࡞ᐁ⾔ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ࡞㐛ࡁ࡝࠷ࠊ࡝࠽ࠉࡆࡡࡻ ࠹࡝෫ᡋ⤂⤎௧ᚃࡡெ㐠Ⓩ௒ථ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࡢࠉ➠ 4 ❮௧㜾࡚レ⣵࡞㆗ㄵࢅᒈ㛜ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡊࡒ࠷ࠊ. (2) 㟸ᅗᐓ୹మ ᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅᒈ㛜ࡌࡾ㟸ᅗᐓ୹మࡢࠉ௧ୖࡡ 3 ࡗࡡ⛸㢦ࡡ୹మ࡞ฦ㢦ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠿ྊ⬗࡚࠵ࡾࠊ. 1) ㉝༎Ꮚ♣ ➠ୌࡢࠉ㉝༎Ꮚ♣࡚࠵ࡾࠊ㉝༎Ꮚ♣࡛࿣⛘ࡈࡿࡾ⤄⧂ࡢࠉࡈࡼ࡞2ࡗࡡᅗ㝷⤄⧂࡛྘ᅗࡡ㉝༎Ꮚ♣࣬㉝ ᩺᭮♣࡞ᓠืࡌࡾᚪさ࠿࠵ࡾࠊ㉝༎Ꮚ♣ࡡ➠ୌࡡ⤄⧂ࡢࠉࢪ࢕ࢪ࣬ࢩࣖࢾ࣭ࣥᕰ࡞ᮇ㒂ࢅ⨠ࡂࠉ㉝༎Ꮚ ᅗ㝷ጟဤఌ㸝ICRC㸞࡚࠵ࡾ11ࠊ㉝༎Ꮚᅗ㝷ጟဤఌࡢࠉ1863ᖳࠉࢪ࢕ࢪெࡡ࢓ࣤࣛ࣬ࢸࣖࢻࣤ㸝Henry Dunant㸞 ࡡⓆណ࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙ࠉἪᚂᐓ࢟ࣖࢪࢰ࣭࣓ࣥ࣬࣠ࢼ࢙㸝Gustave Moynier㸞➴ࡡᑸງ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ス❟ࡈࡿࡒ⤄. 17.

(24) ⧂࡚࠵ࡽࠉᅗᐓࡷᅗ㝷ᶭᵋ࠾ࡼ≺❟ࡊࡒ㟸ᨳᗋ⤄⧂࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡒࡓࡊࠉ㉝༎Ꮚᅗ㝷ጟဤఌࡢࠉࢩࣖࢾ࣭ࣥ ㅎ᮪⣑࡞࠽࠷࡙≁ืࡡἪⓏᆀన࠿ಕッࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ≁Ṟ࡝㟸ᨳᗋ⤄⧂࡚ࡵ࠵ࡽ12ࠉᚃ㏑ࡌࡾ㟸ᨳᗋ⤄⧂࡛ࡢ ᓠืࡊࡒ᪁࠿ࡻ࠷࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊ ㉝༎Ꮚࡡ➠஦ࡡ⤄⧂ࡢࠉࢪ࢕ࢪ࣬ࢩࣖࢾ࣭ࣥᕰ࡞ᮇ㒂ࡡ࠵ࡾࠉᅗ㝷㉝༎Ꮚ࣬㉝᩺᭮♣㏻┍㸝International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies; IFRC㸞࡚࠵ࡾࠊᅗ㝷㉝༎Ꮚ࣬㉝᩺᭮♣㏻┍ࡢࠉ1919ᖳࠉ ᅗ㝷㏻┍ࢅᶅ⠂࡛ࡊ࡙ス❟ࡈࡿࡒ㉝༎Ꮚ♣㏻┍㸝League of Red Cross Societies; LRCS㸞ࢅ๑㌗࡛ࡌࡾ྘ᅗ ㉝༎Ꮚ♣ࡡ㏻ྙమ࡚࠵ࡽࠉ1992ᖳࠉ⌟ᅹࡡྞ⛘࡞ን᭞ࡈࡿࡒ13ࠊࡆࡡᅗ㝷⤄⧂ࡢࠉᅗᐓࡷᅗ㝷ᶭᵋ࠾ࡼ≺ ❟ࡊࡒ㟸ᨳᗋ⤄⧂࡚࠵ࡾ࠿ࠉࡆࡿࢅᵋᠺࡌࡾ྘ᅗ㉝༎Ꮚ♣ࡷ㉝᩺᭮♣࠿྘ᅗᨳᗋ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ス❟ࡈࡿࡾࡆ ࡛ࡵᑛ࡝ࡂ࡝࠷ࡒࡴ࡞ࠉᨳᗋ࠾ࡼᏰධ࡞≺❟ࡊࡒ⤄⧂࡛ࡢゕ࠻࡝࠷ࠊ࡝࠽ࠉࠔᅗ㝷㉝༎Ꮚ♣ࠕ࡛ୌ⯙࡞ ࿣⛘ࡈࡿࡾሔྙ࡞ࡢࠉ㉝༎Ꮚᅗ㝷ጟဤఌ࡛ᅗ㝷㉝༎Ꮚ࣬㉝᩺᭮♣㏻┍ࡡ୦᪁ࢅᣞࡌሔྙ࠿ኣ࠷ࠊ ㉝༎Ꮚࡡ➠୔ࡡ⤄⧂ࡢࠉ྘ᅗ㉝༎Ꮚ♣࣬㉝᩺᭮♣࡚࠵ࡾࠊࢩࣖࢾ᮪࣭ࣥ⣑ࢅᢀ෶ࡊࡒᅗᐓ࡞ୌࡗࡓࡄ ス❟ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠿セྊࡈࡿࡾᨾ㆜ᅆమ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡ⤄⧂ࡢࠉᨳᗋ࠿✒ᴗⓏ࡞ス❟࣬㐘ႜ࡞㛭୙ࡊ࡙ࠉᅗᐓ ᶭᵋࡡୌ㒂࡛ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾሔྙࡵᑛ࡝ࡂ࡝࠷ࡡ࡚ࠉᅗᐓ࠾ࡼ≺❟ࡊࡒ㟸ᨳᗋ⤄⧂࡚ࡢ࡝࠷ࠊ1864 ᖳࠉ࣊ࣜ࢟ ࣭ࠉ࢕ࢰࣛ࢓ࠉࣆࣚࣤࢪࠉࢪ࣋࢕ࣤ࡞㉝༎Ꮚ♣࠿ス❟ࡈࡿࠉ1868 ᖳࠉ᩺᭮ࢅᵾ❮࡞᤿⏕ࡊࡒࢹࣜࢤ㉝᩺ ᭮♣࠿ス❟ࡈࡿࡒࠊ᪝ᮇ࡚ࡢࠉ1877 ᖳࠉこ༞ᡋணࢅዉᶭ࡛ࡊ࡙ඔ⩹㝌㆗ᏻ࣬ఫ㔕ᖏẰ࡛ኬ⤝ᜇ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ ༡យ♣࠿ス❟ࡈࡿࠉ1886 ᖳࠉᨳᗋࡡࢩࣖࢾ᮪࣭ࣥ⣑ࡡຊථࢅུࡄ࡙ࠉ1887 ᖳ࡞᪝ᮇ㉝༎Ꮚ♣࡞ᨭ⛘ࡊࡒ 14. ࠊ⌟ᅹ࡚ࡢࠉ185 ࢜ᅗ࡞㉝༎Ꮚ♣࣬㉝᩺᭮♣࠿ス❟ࡈࡿ࡙࠽ࡽࠉ࡮࡯ࡌ࡬࡙ࡡᅗᐓ࡞࠽࠷࡙㉝༎Ꮚ♣࣬. ㉝᩺᭮♣࠿⿍ⅇ⩽ᨥᥴࢅᐁ㊰ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾ15ࠊ ࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡞㉝༎Ꮚ♣ࡢࠉ2 ࡗࡡᅗ㝷ᶭᵋ࡛྘ᅗ㉝༎Ꮚ♣࣬㉝᩺᭮♣࠿ెᏋࡊࠉ┞ப࡞༝ງ㛭౿࡞࠵ࡽ ࡝࠿ࡼ≺❟ࡊࡒ⤄⧂࡛ࡊ࡙㐘ႜࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡝⤄⧂ࡢᅗ㝷㉝༎Ꮚ࣬㉝᩺᭮㐘ິ 㸝International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement㸞࡛⥪⛘ࡈࡿ16ࠉ㉝༎Ꮚᇱᮇཋ์࡛࿣⛘ࡈࡿࡾᇱᮇཋ ⌦ࢅභ᭯ࡊࠉࡱࡒࠉ5 ᖳẎ࡞㛜തࡈࡿࡾᅗ㝷㉝༎Ꮚ࣬㉝᩺᭮ఌ㆗࡞࠽ࡄࡾゞ㆗࡛Ử㆗ࢅ㏳ࡋ࡙㉝༎Ꮚ♣ ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡୌమᛮࢅ⥌ᣚࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸝ᅒ 3 ཤ↯㸞ࠊ. 18.

(25) ᅒ 3 ᅗ㝷㉝༎Ꮚ࣬㉝᩺᭮♣㐘ິࡡ┞㛭㛭౿ ࢩࣖࢾ᮪࣭ࣥ⣑ ⥶⣑ᅗ. ㉝༎Ꮚᅗ㝷ጟဤఌ. ᅗ㝷㉝༎Ꮚ࣬㉝᩺᭮ఌ㆗. ᅗ㝷㉝༎Ꮚ࣬ ㉝᩺᭮♣㏻┍. ᖏ௴ጟဤఌ. ௥⾪⩽ఌ㆗. ྘ᅗ㉝༎Ꮚ♣ ㉝᩺᭮♣. ᅗ㝷㉝༎Ꮚ࣬㉝᩺᭮㐘ິ Source: Haug, Hans, Humanity for All: The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, p. 64617.. 2) ᨳᗋ㛣ᶭ㛭㸝ᅗ㝷ᶭᵋ㸞㟸ᅗᐓ୹మࡡ➠஦ࡢࠉᨳᗋ㛣ᶭ㛭㸝ᅗ㝷ᶭᵋ㸞࡚࠵ࡾ18ࠊ⌟ᅹࠉᨳᗋ㛣ᶭ㛭ࡡ୯࡚ᅗ㝷ெ㐠ᨥᥴࢅᒈ㛜 ࡌࡾ௥⾪Ⓩ࡝⤄⧂ࡢࠉᅗ㝷㏻ྙࡡ⿭ຐᶭ㛭19࡚࠵ࡾࠊ 㞬Ằࡡᥴຐ࡛ಕ㆜ࢅ୹さ࡝௴ຸ࡛ࡌࡾ⿭ຐᶭ㛭࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉ1950 ᖳ࡞ス⨠ࡈࡿࡒࡡ࠿ࠉࢪ࢕ࢪ࣬ࢩࣖࢾ࣭ ࣥᕰ࡞ᮇ㒂ࢅ⨠ࡂࠉᅗ㏻㞬Ằ㧏➴ᘒຸᏻ஥ຸᡜ㸝UNHCR㸞࡚࠵ࡾ20ࠊ㞬Ằࡢࠉெ⛸ࠉᏺᩅࠉᅗ⡘࡝࡜ࡡ ᵕࠍ࡝⌦⏜࠾ࡼ㏍ᐐࡡ࠽ࡐࡿ࠿࠵ࡾ࡛࠷࠹༎ฦ࡝⌦⏜࠿࠵ࡖ࡙ࠉᅗ⡘ᅗࡡಕ㆜ࢅ஽ུ࡚ࡀࡍࠉᅗ⡘ᅗአ ࡞࠷ࡾ⩽࡚࠵ࡾ21ࠊྜྷ஥ຸᡜࡢࠉࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡝㞬Ằࡡᗂ㆜ࠉᖉ㑇ࠉ්ᏽప࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ᨥᥴࢅᥞ౩ࡌࡾᶭ㛭࡚ ࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡿࡹ࠻ࠉྜྷ஥ຸᡜࡢࠉᅗ⡘ᅗහ࡞㑂㞬ࡊࡒᅗහ㑂㞬Ằ࡞ᑊࡌࡾᥴຐ࡛ಕ㆜࡞㛭ࡌࡾᶊ㝀ࢅಕᣚ ࡊ࡙࠷࡝࠷࠿ࠉᅗ㝷㏻ྙ⥪ఌࡡࠔᩯ᪍㸝good offices㸞ࠕࢅ㏳ࡋ࡙ࠉࡐࡡᶊ㝀ࢅ≁ᏽࡡ஥᱄࡞ᑊࡊ࡙⾔౐ ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡵྊ⬗࡛ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡱࡒࠉྜྷ஥ຸᡜࡢࠉࠔUNHCR ࡞࡛ࡖ࡙㛭ᚨ࠵ࡾெࠍ㸝People of Concern to UNHCR㸞ࠕ࡛࠷࠹᩺ࡊ࠷࢜ࢷࢥ࣭ࣛࢅスࡄ࡙ࠉᥴຐࡷಕ㆜ࡡᑊ㇗⠂ᅑࢅ㞬Ằ࠾ࡼᅗහ㑂㞬Ằࠉࡐࡡ ௙ࡡᡋண⿍ᐐ⩽࡫࡛ᣉኬࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ22ࠊ. 19.

(26) ᅗ㏻㞬Ằ㧏➴ᘒຸᏻ஥ຸᡜࡢࠉࡌ࡬࡙ࡡ㞬Ằࡡᥴຐ࡛ಕ㆜࡞㛭ࡌࡾᶊ㝀ࢅ᭯ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࡚ࡢ࡝࠷ࠊࣂ ࣝࢪࢷ࢔ࢻ㞬Ằ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࡢࠉ1949 ᖳ࡞ス❟ࡈࡿࡒᅗ㝷㏻ྙࡡ⿭ຐᶭ㛭࡚࠵ࡾࠉᅗ㏻ࣂࣝࢪࢷ࢔ࢻ㞬Ằᨾ ῥ஥ᴏᶭ㛭㸝United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East; UNRWA㸞࠿≺ ༥Ⓩ࡝ᶊ㝀ࢅ᭯ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊྜྷᶭ㛭ࡢࠉᙔิࠉ࢛࣭ࢪࢹࣛ࢓࣬ࢗ࢔࣭ࣤᕰ࡞ᮇ㒂ࢅス⨠ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒ࠿ࠉ⌟ᅹࠉ ࣂࣝࢪࢷ࢔ࢻᬳᏽ⤣἖ୖࡡ࢝ࢧᕰ࡛ࣙࣜࢱࣤ࣬࢓࣏ࣤࣤᕰ࡞ᮇ㒂ࢅ⛛ࡊ࡙ࠉࣂࣝࢪࢷ࢔ࢻ㞬Ằࢅ⌟ሔ࡚ ᨥᥴࡌࡾᶭ㛭࡛࡝ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ㞬Ằ࡞ᑊࡌࡾᨥᥴࡢࠉ⥥᛬ࡡᬳᏽⓏ࡝௴ຸ࡞㝀ᏽࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛࠿ୌ⯙Ⓩ࡚࠵ ࡾ࠿ࠉྜྷᶭ㛭࡚ࡢࠉ㞬Ằ࡞ᑊࡌࡾᩅ⫩࣬༈⒢࣬⚗♬ࢦ࣭ࣄࢪࢅᥞ౩ࡊ࡙࠽ࡽࠉࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡝ᨥᥴࢅ㏳ࡋ࡙ࠉ ࣂࣝࢪࢷ࢔ࢻெ࡞㞘⏕ࡡᶭఌࢅᥞ౩ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ⤄⧂࡚ࡵ࠵ࡾ23ࠊ ⮤↓ⅇᐐࡷṂງ⣦ண࡝࡜࡞ࡻࡖ࡙⿍ⅇࡊࡒᏄ࡜ࡵࢅᨾῥࡌࡾᶭ㛭࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉ1949 ᖳࠉ࢓࣒ࣛ࢜࣬ࢼ࣭ࣖ ࣭ࣙࢠᕰ࡞ࠉᅗ㏻⥥᛬ඡ❲ᇱ㔘㸝United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund; UNICEF㸞࠿ス❟ ࡈࡿ࡙ࠉ➠஦ḗୠ⏲ኬᡋᚃࡡ࣭ࣙࣞࢴࣂࡷ᪝ᮇࡡᏄ࡜ࡵ࡞ᑊࡌࡾᰜ㣬࣬༈⒢ᨥᥴࢅᐁ᪃ࡊࡒࠊ1953 ᖳࠉ ࡆࡡ⤄⧂ࡢ⤄⧂ࡡᖏス໩࡞ఔࡖ࡙ࠉᅗ㏻ඡ❲ᇱ㔘㸝United Nations Children’s Fund; UNICEF㸞࡞ᨭ⛘ࡊࡒࠊ ྜྷᇱ㔘ࡢࠉࣗࢼࢬࣆຽ㔘ࡡᅗ㝷Ⓩ࡝ヾ▩࠿㧏࠷ࡒࡴ࡞ࠉ௙ࡡᅗ㝷ᶭ㛭࡛Ẓ㍉ࡊ࡙ࠉࣗࢼࢬࣆ༝ఌ࡝࡜ࡡ ᕰẰ࠾ࡼࡡຽ㔘཭ථ࠿ኣࡂࠉᏭᏽⓏ࡞஥ᴏࢅᒈ㛜ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛࠷࠹24ࠊ ⮤↓ⅇᐐࡷṂງ⣦ண࡝࡜࡞௛㝮ࡌࡾ㣒㣱ࡷᰜ㣬኶ㄢ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙㣏⣂ᨥᥴࢅᐁ᪃ࡌࡾ⿭ຐᶭ㛭࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉ 1963 ᖳࠉ࢕ࢰࣛ࢓࣭࣏࣬ࣞᕰ࡞ᮇ㒂ࢅ⨠ࡂࠉୠ⏲㣏⣂ゝ⏤㸝United Nations World Food Programme; WFP㸞 ࠿ス❟ࡈࡿࡒࠊྜྷゝ⏤ࡢࠉᅗ㏻㣏⣂㎨ᴏᶭᵋ㸝Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; FAO㸞 ࡛ᅗ㏻⥪ఌ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ス⨠ࡈࡿࡒᶭ㛭࡚࠵ࡾ࠿ࠉᅗ㏻㣏⣂㎨ᴏᶭᵋ࠿㎨ᴏ㛜Ⓠࢅ୹さ࡝௴ຸ࡛ࡌࡾୌ᪁࡚ࠉ ୠ⏲㣏⣂ゝ⏤ࡢࠉ㣏⣂༱ᶭ࠿᝽㉫ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ⌟ᆀ࡞├᥃ᚪさ࡝㣏⣂ࢅᥞ౩ࡌࡾᶭ㛭࡚࠵ࡾ25ࠊ ௧୕ࡡᨳᗋ㛣ᶭ㛭࠿ࠉெ㐠༱ᶭࡡⓆ⏍ᆀ࡞├᥃⫃ဤࢅὬ㐭ࡊ࡙ᨥᥴὩິࢅᒈ㛜ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ୹さ࡝⤄⧂࡚ ࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡼࡡ⤄⧂௧አ࡞ࡵࠉ㞬἖ᛮ࡛⮬Ṓᛮࡡ㧏࠷វ᯹⑍࠿Ὦ⾔ࡊࡒᆀᇡࡷ࢙࢕ࢫࡡះᛮⓏ࡝Ὦ⾔ᆀ ᇡ࡚ࡢࠉୠ⏲ಕ೸ᶭ㛭㸝World Health Organization; WHO㸞࠿༈⒢࣬⾠⏍Ὡິࢅᣞᑙ࣬┐っࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆ ࡡᶭ㛭ࡢࠉ1949 ᖳࠉࢪ࢕ࢪ࣬ࢩࣖࢾ࣭ࣥᕰ࡞ᮇ㒂ࢅ⨠࠷࡙ス❟ࡈࡿࡒᅗ㝷㏻ྙࡡᑍ㛓ᶭ㛭26ࡡୌࡗ࡚࠵ ࡾࠊࡱࡒࠉᅗ㝷㏻ྙ௧አࡡᅗ㝷ᶭᵋ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉᅗ㝷⛛పᶭ㛭㸝International Organization for Migration; IOM㸞 ࠿ࠉ㞬Ằࡡ⛛㏞ࡷᏽపࢅᨥᥴࡊࠉ⌟ᅹ࡚ࡢெ㌗኉㈑ࡡ≓∽⩽࡞ᑊࡌࡾᨥᥴࡵᙁ໩ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡱࡒࠉ⿍ⅇ. 20.