混練型WPCの物理的・機械的特性に及ぼす各種因子の影響

Title

混練型WPCの物理的・機械的特性に及ぼす各種因子の影響(

_{内容と審査の要旨(Summary) )}

Author(s)

村山, 和繁

Report No.(Doctoral

Degree)

博士(農学) 甲第711号

Issue Date

2019-03-13

Type

博士論文

Version

ETD

URL

http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12099/77947

※この資料の著作権は、各資料の著者・学協会・出版社等に帰属します。

㹙㸰㸮㹛 Ặ   ྡ㸦ᮏ㸦ᅜ㸧⡠㸧 ᮧᒣ ࿴⦾ 㸦ᮾி㒔㸧   Ꮫ ఩ ࡢ ✀ 㢮 ༤ኈ㸦㎰Ꮫ㸧   Ꮫ ఩ グ ␒ ྕ ㎰༤⏥➨㸵㸯㸯ྕ   Ꮫ ఩ ᤵ ୚ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ ᖹᡂ㸱㸯ᖺ㸱᭶㸯㸱᪥   ◊ ✲ ⛉ ཬ ࡧ ᑓ ᨷ 㐃ྜ㎰Ꮫ◊✲⛉ ⏕≀㈨※⛉Ꮫᑓᨷ   ◊✲ᣦᑟࢆཷࡅࡓ኱Ꮫ 㟼ᒸ኱Ꮫ   Ꮫ ఩ ㄽ ᩥ 㢟 ┠  ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC ࡢ≀⌮ⓗ࣭ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ࡟ཬࡰࡍྛ✀ ᅉᏊࡢᙳ㡪   ᑂ ᰝ ጤ ဨ ఍ ୺ᰝ 㟼ᒸ኱Ꮫ ᩍ ᤵ  Ἑ ྜ ┿ ࿃ ๪ᰝ 㟼ᒸ኱Ꮫ ෸ᩍᤵ  ᑠ ᓥ 㝧 ୍ ๪ᰝ 㟼ᒸ኱Ꮫ ᩍ ᤵ  㕥 ᮌ ⁠ ᙪ                 ๪ᰝ ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫ ෸ᩍᤵ  ᑎ ᮏ ዲ 㑥

ㄽ ᩥ ࡢ ෆ ᐜ ࡢ せ ᪨

ΰ⦎ᆺᮌᮦࣉࣛࢫࢳࢵࢡ」ྜᮦᩱ㸦ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC㸧ࡣࠊᮌᮦ࡜ࣉࣛࢫࢳࢵࢡࡢ」ྜᮦᩱ࡛ ࠶ࡾࠊᮌᮦࡼࡾ㧗࠸⪏Ỉᛶࠊ⪏⭉ᮙᛶࢆᣢࡕࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࣉࣛࢫࢳࢵࢡࡼࡾ㧗ᙉᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗ ࡓ≉ᛶࢆᣢࡘᮦᩱ࡛࠶ࡿࠋΰ⦎ᆺWPC ࡣ㏻ᖖࡢࣉࣛࢫࢳࢵࢡ」ྜᮦᩱ࡜ྠᵝࡢᡂᆺᢏ⾡࡟ ࡼࡾࠊᮌᮦ࡛ࡣᅔ㞴࡞ᵝࠎ࡞ᙧ≧࡬ࡢຍᕤࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ⮬ື㌴ࡸᐙ㟁〇ရ⟂య࡬ ࡢ฼⏝ᣑ኱ࡀᮃࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽΰ⦎ᆺWPC ࡣẚ㍑ⓗ᪂ࡋ࠸ᮦᩱ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ≀⌮ⓗ࣭ ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ࡟ཬࡰࡍᅉᏊࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ༑ศ࡟᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏㄽᩥ࡛ࡣࠊῧ ຍ๣࡜ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡉࢀࡿ┦ᐜ໬๣ࡢ≉ᛶ࠾ࡼࡧࣇ࢕࣮ࣛ㸦ᮌ⢊㸧ࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࡸᙧ≧≉ᛶࡀΰ⦎ᆺ WPC ࡢ≀⌮ⓗ࣭ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ ➨㸰❶࡛ࡣ┦ᐜ໬๣ࡢ≉ᛶ࡜ࡑࡢΰ⦎ᡭἲ࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ↓Ỉ࣐ࣞ࢖ࣥ 㓟ࡢࢢࣛࣇࢺ⋡㸦ኚᛶᗘ㸧࡜ᖹᆒศᏊ㔞ࡢ␗࡞ࡿ5 ✀㢮ࡢ┦ᐜ໬๣ࢆ‽ഛࡋࠊࡲࡓࠊΰ⦎᮲ ௳࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᮦᩱࢆ୍ᣓ࡛ΰ⦎ࡍࡿᡭἲࠊᮌ⢊࡜┦ᐜ໬๣ࢆ஦๓࡟ΰ⦎ࡍࡿᡭἲࠊ┦ ᐜ໬๣࡜ࣉࣛࢫࢳࢵࢡࢆ஦๓ࡢΰ⦎ࡍࡿᡭἲࡢ3 ᮲௳ࢆタᐃࡋࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀΰ⦎ᆺ WPC ࢆస 〇ࡋࠊࡑࡢᛶ⬟ࢆホ౯ࡋࡓࠋ┦ᐜ໬๣ࡢ✀㢮࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᘬᙇࠊ᭤ࡆࠊ⾪ᧁᙉᗘ ࡣࢢࣛࣇࢺ⋡1.7%ࠊศᏊ㔞 35,000 ࡢ┦ᐜ໬๣ࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣࢢࣛࣇࢺ⋡ 2.0%ࠊศᏊ㔞 63,000 ࡢ ┦ᐜ໬๣ࢆῧຍࡋࡓ⣔࡛᭱኱್ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࢢࣛࣇࢺ⋡ࡸศᏊ㔞ࡀ㧗ࡅࢀࡤ㧗ᙉᗘ ࡜࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࠊࢢࣛࣇࢺ⋡ࡸศᏊ㔞ࡢ㐺ษ࡞ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜᥎ ᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓΰ⦎ᡭἲ࡛ࡢẚ㍑ࢆ୺ᡂศศᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊᙉᗘ≉ᛶࢆྥୖࡉࡏࠊ ࡉࡽ࡟⪏Ỉᛶࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿ࡟ࡣᮌ⢊࡜┦ᐜ໬๣ࢆ஦๓࡟ΰ⦎ࡍࡿᡭἲࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ➨㸱❶࡛ࡣࣇ࢕࣮ࣛࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࡸᙧ≧࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᵝࠎ࡞ࢧ࢖ࢬࢆᣢࡘ ᮌ⢊ࢆ‵ᘧ⢊○࡟ࡼࡗ࡚స〇ࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊ෾⤖஝⇱ࡶࡋࡃࡣ⇕஝⇱ࡢ2 ✀㢮ࡢ஝⇱᪉ἲ࡟ࡼ

ࡗ࡚஝⇱ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆ⏝࠸ࡓΰ⦎ᆺWPC ࡢᛶ⬟ࢆホ౯ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ෾⤖஝⇱ 30 ศࡢ ᮲௳࡛స〇ࡋࡓᮌ⢊ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⣔࡛᭱኱್࡜࡞ࡾࠊ40 ศ௨㝆ࡢ⢊○᫬㛫࡛ࡣᙉᗘࡀῶᑡࡍࡿ ࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋḟ࡟ࠊࢭ࣮ࣝࣟࢫࢼࣀࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮(CNF)࡜ᮌ⢊ࡢే⏝࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࢆᢕ ᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊCNF ࡜ᮌ⢊ࢆ஦๓ΰ⦎ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࢼࣀࢧ࢖ࢬࡢẟ⩚❧ࡕ㸦ࣇ࢕ࣈࣜࣝ㸧ࢆ ᮌ⢊⾲㠃࡟྾╔ࡉࡏࡓCNF ῧຍᮌ⢊ࡢస〇ࢆヨࡳࠊࡑࢀࢆ⏝࠸ࡓΰ⦎ᆺ WPC ࡢᛶ⬟ࢆホ ౯ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊCNF ῧຍ⋡ 3wt%࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᮌ⢊⾲㠃࡟ CNF ࡀࣇ࢕ࣈࣜࣝᵓ㐀ࢆᙧᡂ ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡲࡓࡑࢀࢆ⏝࠸ࡓΰ⦎ᆺWPC ࡢᛶ⬟ࡣࠊ௚ࡢῧຍ⋡࡟ẚ࡭࡚㧗࠸ ᙉᗘࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊCNF ῧຍᮌ⢊ࢆస〇ࡍࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣ CNF ࡢ᭱㐺࡞ῧຍ⋡ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ ࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋ ௨ୖࡢ⤖ᯝࡣΰ⦎ᆺWPC ࡢ≉ᛶࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿୖ࡛㔜せ࡞ᇶ♏ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜࡞ࡾࠊ௒ᚋᵝࠎ࡞◊ ✲㛤Ⓨ࡟ᛂ⏝࡛ࡁࡿ᭷⏝࡞▱ぢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ุ᩿ࡍࡿࠋ

ᑂ ᰝ ⤖ ᯝ ࡢ せ ᪨

ΰ⦎ᆺᮌᮦࣉࣛࢫࢳࢵࢡ」ྜᮦᩱ㸦ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC㸧ࡣᮌ⢊࡜ࣉࣛࢫࢳࢵࢡࡢ」ྜᮦᩱ ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᮌᮦࡼࡾඃࢀࡓ⪏Ỉ࣭⪏⭉ᮙᛶࢆ᭷ࡋࠊ࠿ࡘࣉࣛࢫࢳࢵࢡࡼࡾࡶ㧗ᙉᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿᮦᩱ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ฼⏝ᣑ኱ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊΰ ⦎ᆺWPC ࡣṔྐࡀὸࡃࠊ≀⌮ⓗ࣭ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ࡟ཬࡰࡍᅉᏊࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⣔⤫❧࡚࡚ ◊✲ࡉࢀࡓ౛ࡣṤ࡝ぢཷࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛Ꮫ఩⏦ㄳ⪅ࡣࠊᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍᅉᏊࡢ୰࡛ࡶ ≉࡟ࠊ┦ᐜ໬๣ࡢ≉ᛶ࠾ࡼࡧࣇ࢕࣮ࣛ㸦ᮌ⢊㸧ࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࡸᙧ≧ࡀΰ⦎ᆺWPC ࡢᛶ⬟࡟ ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ Ꮫ఩⏦ㄳ⪅ࡣࡲࡎࠊぶỈᛶࡢᮌ⢊࡜␯Ỉᛶࡢࣉࣛࢫࢳࢵࢡ㛫ࡢ᥋╔ຊࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡓࡵ ࡟ῧຍࡉࢀࡿ┦ᐜ໬๣ࡢᙳ㡪࡜ࡑࡢΰ⦎ᡭἲࡢᙳ㡪ࢆྜࢃࡏ᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࠋ┦ᐜ໬๣࡜ࡋ ࡚ࢢࣛࣇࢺ⋡࡜㔜㔞ᖹᆒศᏊ㔞ࡢ␗࡞ࡿ5 ✀㢮ࢆ⏝ពࡋࠊΰ⦎ᆺ WPC ࡢᛶ⬟ࢆẚ㍑ࡋ ࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊࢢࣛࣇࢺ⋡1.7%ࠊศᏊ㔞 35,000 ࡛᭱኱ࡢᙉᗘ≉ᛶࢆ᭷ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ┦ᐜ໬๣ ࡣ5 ✀㢮ࡢ୰࡛᭱኱ࡢࢢࣛࣇࢺ⋡ࠊศᏊ㔞ࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽΰ⦎ᆺ WPC ࡢ ᙉᗘ≉ᛶࢆ᭱኱࡟ࡍࡿ┦ᐜ໬๣࡟ࡣࢢࣛࣇࢺ⋡ࡸศᏊ㔞ࡢ㐺ษ࡞ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ ࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓΰ⦎ᡭἲࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ୺ᡂศศᯒ࡟ࡼࡾΰ⦎ᆺWPC ࡢ ᙉᗘ≉ᛶࢆྥୖࡉࡏࠊ࠿ࡘ⪏Ỉᛶࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿ࡟ࡣࠊᮌ⢊࡜┦ᐜ໬๣ࢆ஦๓࡟ΰ⦎ࡋࠊ ࡑࡢᚋࣉࣛࢫࢳࢵࢡ࡜ΰ⦎ࡍࡿᡭἲࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋ ⥆࠸࡚ࠊࣇ࢕࣮ࣛࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࡸᙧ≧࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᵝࠎ࡞ࢧ࢖ࢬࢆᣢࡘ ᮌ⢊ࢆ‵ᘧ⢊○࡟ࡼࡗ࡚స〇ࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊ෾⤖஝⇱ࡶࡋࡃࡣ⇕஝⇱ࡢ2 ✀㢮ࡢ஝⇱᪉ἲ ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚஝⇱ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆ⏝࠸ࡓΰ⦎ᆺWPC ࡢᛶ⬟ࢆホ౯ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ෾⤖஝⇱ 30 ศࡢ᮲௳࡛స〇ࡋࡓᮌ⢊ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⣔࡛᭱኱್࡜࡞ࡾࠊ40 ศ௨㝆ࡢ⢊○᫬㛫࡛ࡣᙉᗘ ࡀῶᑡࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࢭ࣮ࣝࣟࢫࢼࣀࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮(CNF)࡜ᮌ⢊ࡢే ⏝࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊCNF ࡜ᮌ⢊ࢆ஦๓ΰ⦎ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࢼࣀࢧ࢖ࢬࡢẟ⩚ ❧ࡕ㸦ࣇ࢕ࣈࣜࣝ㸧ࢆᮌ⢊⾲㠃࡟྾╔ࡉࡏࡓCNF ῧຍᮌ⢊ࡢస〇ࢆヨࡳࠊࡑࢀࢆ⏝࠸ ࡓΰ⦎ᆺWPC ࡢᛶ⬟ࢆホ౯ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊCNF ῧຍ⋡ 3wt%࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᮌ⢊⾲㠃࡟ CNF ࡀࣇ࢕ࣈࣜࣝᵓ㐀ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡲࡓࡑࢀࢆ⏝࠸ࡓΰ⦎ᆺ WPC ࡢ ᛶ⬟ࡣࠊ௚ࡢῧຍ⋡࡟ẚ࡭࡚㧗࠸ᙉᗘࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊCNF ῧຍᮌ⢊ࢆస〇ࡍࡿሙྜ

࡟ࡣCNF ࡢ᭱㐺࡞ῧຍ⋡ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢᡂᯝࡣᏛ⾡ㄽᩥ3 ⦅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀࠊ༑ศ࡟ෆᐜࡀ࠶ࡿ◊✲࡜ุ᩿ࡉࢀ ࡿࠋᏛ఩⏦ㄳ⪅ࡀᮏㄽᩥ࡛ᚓࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡣࠊ௒ᚋᵝࠎ࡞◊✲㛤Ⓨ࡟ᛂ⏝࡛ࡁࡿ᭷⏝࡞▱ ぢ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾࠊᑂᰝጤဨ඲ဨ୍⮴࡛ᮏㄽᩥࡀᒱ㜧኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔㐃ྜ ㎰Ꮫ◊✲⛉ࡢᏛ఩ㄽᩥ࡜ࡋ࡚༑ศ࡟౯್ࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ㄆࡵࡓࠋ ᇶ♏࡜࡞ࡿᏛ⾡ㄽᩥ

1) K. Murayama, S. Suzuki, Y. Kojima, H. Kobori, H. Ito, S. Ogoe, M. Okamoto: The effects of different types of maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene on the physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene-based wood/plastic composites. Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology, 38(3), 224- 232, 2018

2) K. Murayama, M. Yamamoto, H. Kobori, Y. Kojima, S. Suzuki, K. Aoki, H. Ito, S. Ogoe, M. Okamoto: Mechanical and physical properties of wood plastic composites containing cellulose nanofibers added to wood flour. Forest Products Journal, (in press)

3) K. Murayama, Y. Kojima, H. Kobori, K. Aoki, S. Suzuki, H. Ito, S. Ogoe, M. Okamoto, T. Ema: The effects of pre-mixing of wood flour with different characteristics of compatibilizer on the physical and mechanical properties of wood/plastic composites. Forest Products Journal, (in press)

᪤Ⓨ⾲Ꮫ⾡ㄽᩥ

1) A. Solikhin, B. Hermawan, E. A. Octaviani, D. S. Prabuningrum, Nurmadina, I. Gazali, S. U. N. M. Mangurai, K. Murayama, S. Saad: Morphological, chemical, and thermal characteristics of chitosan nanocomposite films reinforced with steam-exploded microfibrillated cellulose. Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science, 15(1), 68-79, 2018

2) A. Solikhin, K. Murayama: Enhanced properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films filled with microfibrillated cellulose isolated from continuous steam explosion. International Journal of Plastics Technology, 22(1), 122-136, 2018