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アンテベラム期アラバマ州における白人集団間の対立

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ΠϱτϗϧϞغΠϧώϜयͶ͕͜Ζപਕॄ஄ؔ͹ଲཱི

Յ౽ँ৭  ͺͣΌͶ  ຌߚͺΠϟϨΩ߻़ࠅ͹਄ೈ෨ͶҒ஖ͤΖΠϧώϜय͹ΠϱτϗϧϞغͶ঱఼Ν౲ͱɼय಼͹പ ਕॄ஄ؔ͹ଲཱི͗ʹ͹Γ͑Ͷఴ֋ͪ͢͹͖Ͷͯ͏ͱྼ࢛దߡࡱΝߨ͑΍͹Ͳ͍Ζɽۛ೧͹ΠϟϨΩ ָ࢛ֆ͹ಊ޴Ͷ໪Ν޴͜Ηͻɼௗغదࢻ࠴ͶཱིͮͱΓΕξ΢ψϝρέ͵ྼ࢛దร༲գఖ͹સର଀Ν ଌ͓Ζ͞ͳ͗ݜڂंͶٽΌΔΗͱ͏Ζɽʲௗ͏౗ྶմ๎ʳΏʲௗ͏࠸ݒʳͳ͏ͮͪஸࡠͺͨ͹Γ͑͵ φϪϱχΝ೙ࣰͶන͢ͱ͏Ζɽ͞͹ಊ޴ͺɼಢַཱིໍޛ͹ΠϟϨΩ࢛৏࠹୉͹ड़པࣆͳ͏͑΄͘ೈ ๼ક૬ͶࢺΖΉͲ͹  ੊ن઴ൔ͹ΠϱτϗϧϞغͶͯ͏ͱ΍ಋ༹ͲɼϛηφϗϧϞغ΍؜Όͪʰௗ ͏  ੊ن࢛ʱ͹ߑ૟͗Ն೵͖ʹ͖͑͹ݗ౾͗͵͠Ηͱ͏ΖɽೖຌͶ͕͏ͱͺͳΕΚ͜Πϱτϗϧ Ϟغ͹ྼ࢛ݜڂ͹ட੷ͺॉ෾ͳͺݶ͓ͥɼΓΕҲ૜͹൅ఴ͗ٽΌΔΗͱ͏ΖɽຌߚͺΠϱτϗϧϞ غ͹ೈ෨͹஦ৼద͵य͹ҲͯͶ঱఼Ν౲ͱΖίʖηʀηνυΡʖͲͺ͍Ζ͗ɼௗغద͵ྼ࢛؏Νߑ ૟ͤΖͪΌ͹Ҳͯ͹ητρϕͳ͢ͱҒ஖Ͱͪ͜͏ɽ  ΠϱτϗϧϞغ͹ೈ෨Ͷͺ౗ྶ੏Νخ൭ͳͤΖऀճ͗൅ఴͪ͗͢ɼ౗ྶ੏ͳͨΗͳືં͵ؖܐͶ ͍Ζപਕࢺ৏कٝ͗ʹΗΆʹപਕસରͶऀճܨࡃదԺܛΝ΍ͪΔ͢ɼʰਕझʱͶخͰ͚࿊ଵΝࢩ͓ ͱ͏ͪ͹͖Ͷͯ͏ͱͺݜڂं͹ؔͲ΍າ֮ͫݽͪΖ߻қͶࢺͮͱ͏͵͏ɽ౗ྶ੏Νخ൭ͳͤΖೈ෨ ऀճͶ͕͏ͱɼਕ޳దͶͺଡ਼ഁͲ͍Ζɼ౗ྶΝ࣍ͪ͵͏പਕͪͬͺɼʹ͹Γ͑͵Ғ஖Ͷ஖͖Ηͪ ͹ͫΘ͖͑ɽΤϩϨροʀ%ʀϓΡϨρϕηΏζϥʖζʀϓϪυϨέλϱͳ͏ͮͪྼ࢛ՊͺɼϕΠʀ ϙϭ΢φͳݼͻΗͪԾ૜പਕ͗ΓΕ༑Ғ͵ஏҒΝฯ࣍ͤΖͪΌͶ౗ྶ੏Νࢩ࣍ͪ͢ͳͪ͢ɽಋ༹Ͷɼ ϤʖζϱʀζΥόϗʖκͺɼඉ౗ྶॶ༙പਕͺʰਕझʱϖΰϠωʖͶΓͮͱϕϧϱνʖ͹يଔద͵ ऀճو൥Νण͜೘Ηɼ͏͖ͯͺ౗ྶॶ༙֌څͶ৏তͤΖ͞ͳΝ໪ࢨͪ͢ͳक௃ͤΖɽҲ๏Ͳɼϔϩ ʖηʀαϨϱθͳυ΢ϲΡρχʀϔϧΤϱ͹Γ͑Ͷɼౖஏॶ༙͹༙ໃͶ஥໪͢ɼ౗ྶॶ༙͹ໂͺౖ ஏ͵͢͹പਕͶͺචͥ͢΍घ͹಩͚΍͹Ͳͺ͵͖ͮͪͳ͢ɼപਕॄ஄ؔ͹֌څ֪ࠫ͹ଚࡑΝࣖࠨͤ Ζݜڂं΍͏Ζɽ͞͹Γ͑͵ࢨఢͶؖ࿊͢ͱɼപਕॄ஄ؔ͹֌څଲཱི͹ଚࡑͳͨ͹॑གྷ੓Ͷ঱఼Ν   ,UD%HUOLQ7KH/RQJ(PDQFLSDWLRQ7KH'HPLVHRI6ODYHU\LQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV &DPEULGJH0$+DUYDUG8QLYHUVLW\ 3UHVV )UDQN-:HWWDDQG0DUWLQ$1RYHOOL7KH/RQJ5HFRQVWUXFWLRQ7KH3RVW&LYLO:DU6RXWKLQ+LVWRU\ )LOPDQG0HPRU\ 1HZ<RUNDQG2[RQ8.5RXWOHGJH   ඄ޛຌ๗஋ʰॽ඲ ΠϟϨΩ࢛Ͷ͕͜ΖʰΠϱτϗϧϞغʱ͹Ғ஖ʁ੕࣑ชԿ͹ݱླྀͳ౹߻մए͹Ն೵੓ 'DQLHO :DONHU+RZH:KDW+DWK*RG:URXJKW7KH7UDQVIRUPDWLRQRI$PHULFDɼ-RKQ/DXULW]/DUVRQ7KH 0DUNHW5HYROXWLRQLQ$PHULFD/LEHUW\$PELWLRQDQGWKH(FOLSVHRIWKH&RPPRQ*RRGʱʲΠϟϨΩ࢛඲࿨ʳ  ೧  ݆ ʁ นɽ  ຌߚͲͺʰਕझʱͳ͏͑༽ޢͶͯ͏ͱʰ ʱΝ෉͢ͱනىͤΖɽݳࡑָ໲దͶͺ൳ఈ͠Η͍ͯͯΖ෾ྪָద൥ᙟͳ ͢ͱͲͺ͵͚ɼΠϟϨΩ࢛Ͷ͕͏ͱʰി͹৯ʱͳݶ͑ݡͪ໪Νخ६ͶਕʓΝۢพ͢ɼऀճద͵͏͢ऀճద੏ౕԿѻ ྙΝฯ࣍͢ͱͪ͘΍͹ͳ͢ͱఈٝͤΖͪΌͲ͍Ζɽઔౣਜ਼धʲΠϟϨΩωθϞͳʰਕझʱʳʤ໌ݻԲ୉ָड़൝ऀɼ  ೧ʥɼL นɽ  -HIIUH\*ORVVQHUn&DYDOLHUVDQG&UDFNHUV/DQGOHVV:KLWHV,Q7KH0LQG2I7KH(OLWH$QWHEHOOXP6RXWK|(OHFWURQLF 7KHVHVDQG'LVVHUWDWLRQV  8OULFK%RQQHOO3KLOOLSV/LIHDQG/DERULQWKH2OG6RXWK %RVWRQ0$ /LWWOH%URZQDQG&RPSDQ\ *HRUJH0)UHGULFNVRQ7KH%ODFN,PDJHLQWKH:KLWH0LQG7KH 'HEDWHRQ$IUR$PHULFDQ&KDUDFWHUDQG'HVWLQ\ 1HZ<RUN+DUSHU 5RZ   *ORVVQHURSFLW(XJHQH'*HQRYHVHn<HRPHQ)DUPHUVLQD6ODYHKROGHUVb'HPRFUDF\|$JULFXOWXUDO+LVWRU\ QR   *ORVVQHURSFLW%UXFH&ROOLQV:KLWH6RFLHW\LQWKH$QWHEHOOXP6RXWK 1HZ<RUN/RQJPDQ 'DYLG %URZQn$9DJDERQGbV7DOH3RRU:KLWHV+HUUHQYRON'HPRFUDF\DQGWKH9DOXHRI:KLWHQHVVLQWKH/DWH $QWHEHOOXP6RXWK|-RXUQDORI6RXWKHUQ+LVWRU\QR   45

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- ͗͏͖Ͷ൶͹ཤӻͶ͵Ζ͖ࣖͤ΄ͫ͘ͳक௃ͪ͢Γ͑Ͷɼ౗ྶ੏Νң࣍ͪ͢͏ࢨ಍ं૜Ͷͳͮͱɼ ස͢͏പਕ͹ಊ޴ͺໃࢻͲ͘͵͏΍͹ͫͮͪ͹Ͳ͍Ζɽ   ୊  ઇ ৿ڷ޽ۂιένʖͲ͹֌څଲཱིյඈ͹ࢾΊ  ৿ڷ޽ۂ͹൅ఴգఖͶ͕͏ͱ΍ɼപਕΦϨʖφ૜͹֌څଲཱིյඈ͹౔ྙΝ೟ΌΖ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ζɽ ΠϧώϜयͶ͕͜Ζ࠹ॵ͹޽ۂ൅ఴͺ  ೧େͳ  ೧େͶݡΔΗͪɽ๼෨خ६Ͷͺ྾Ζ͗ɼ ೧ΉͲͶപਕ஋੓͹ ͗޽ۂͶॊࣆ͢ͱ͏ͪ͹Ͳ͍Ζɽ޽ۂιένʖͲಉ͏ͪ͹ͺ΍ͮͼΔ Ծ૜പਕͲ͍ͮͪ͗ɼϕϧϱνʖͺ౐ࢤ஦ৼ෨Ͷසࠖ૜͍͗΀ΗΖ͞ͳΝݔ೨͢ͱɼݿཱིͪ͢৖ॶ Ͷ޽৖ௌΝࡠͮͪɽ޽ۂͶԾ૜പਕΝླྀͤ͞ͳͺೈ෨ͲϕϫϪνϨΠʖφ֌څ͹ୈಆΝ૥ΌΖ͞ͳ Ͷ͵Ε࠹शదͶ౗ྶ੏͗ڶ͖͠ΗΖͳثዩͪ͢ं΍͏ͪ͗ɼҲ๏ͲݡࠒΌΖཤӻ΍୉͖ͮͪ͘ɽΠ ϧώϜयͲͺ  ੊نॵغͶ࠹ॵ͹޽৖͗Ͳ͘ͱҐཔɼًۂՊΔͺϕΠʀϙϭ΢φ͹࿓ಉंΓΕ΍ ΓΕ҈Ճ͵౗ྶ࿓ಉΝ޹Ξͫ͗ɼ҈Ճ͵౗ྶ࿓ಉΝ༑઎͢ͱപਕ͹ޑ༽ؽճΝݰΔͤ͞ͳͺപਕ࿓ ಉंͳ౗ྶඉॶ༙͹೸຿Ν஄݃ͦ͠ൕ౗ྶ੏Ͷ޴͖ΚͦΖՆ೵੓ΝඁΌͱ͏ͪɽͨ͞Ͳɼ৮͵͢͹ പਕ͗౗ྶ੏ͶชۡΝͯ͜Ζ͞ͳ͹͵͏Γ͑Ͷɼ޽ۂιένʖͲ͹ޑ༽͗ଇ਒͠Ηͪ͹Ͳ͍Ζɽϕ ϧϱνʖ݋޽ۂकٝंͲ͍ͮͪξωΦϩʀϕϧρφͺ౐ࢤ͹ෙഌͳ֌څ೟ࣟ͹ୈಆΝڬΗɼմ݀ࡨ ͳ͢ͱ  ೧Ͷঘ͠͵޽৖ௌͶ໘՘޽৖ΝࡠΕɼͨ͞Ͳஏݫ͹໘՘ͳ೸ࢊ෼ɼଷନͲස͢͏പਕ Νཤ༽ͤΖ͞ͳͶͪ͢ɽϕϧρφͺཤଠकٝͳޮฑ͵ѽ͏Ͳɼ֌څಈ૬Νඈ͜Γ͑ͳͪ͢͹Ͳ͍Ζɽ ϕϧρφͶแͮͱɼଠ͹ࢤ຿ࢨ಍ंͪͬ΍Ծ૜പਕʤҢ຿΍؜΋ʥΝ޽৖Ͳޑ͏࢟Όɼ΍ͳ΍ͳͺ പਕͳࠉਕ౗ྶͳΝൔʓͲޑͮͱ͏ͪ͗ɼപਕͫ͜Ͷ೘Η଺͓ͪ޽৖΍͍ͮͪͳ͏͑ɽ͠ΔͶɼ௠ ۜ࿓ಉंͺஏݫͲؽփ޽͹γʖϑηΏৱྋ඾Νভඇ͢ͱ͚ΗΖͪΌɼϕϧϱνʖ͗๮Ξͫऀճద஡ ঄ͫ͜Ͳ͵͚ɼܨࡃదࣙހཤӻ΍΍ͪΔͪ͢ɽΉͪɼԾ૜പਕ͹ଈ͖Δ͢ͱΊΖͳɼ޽৖ͺ͖ͪ͢ Ͷ॑གྷ͵ಉ͘޳Ͳ͍ͮͪɽ ೧େ͹෈ڱ͹ࡏͶͺɼ޽৖͗ڃয়ͶؗͮͪτϋεʖʀώϪʖ͹Ծ૜ പਕ͹ण͜ࡾͶ͵͖ͮͪΔͲ͍Ζɽ  ೈ෨ΦϨʖφͺ͢ͻ͢ͻࠉਕ౗ྶΝ੓֪ɼಕಛɼۊ࿓ྛཀྵ͹໚ͲϕΠʀϙϭ΢φΓΕ΍༑Ηͱ͏ Ζͳͪ͗͢ɼࠉਕ౗ྶ͹ϕΠʀϙϭ΢φͶଲͤΖܲ㚿ৼ͹ౕ߻͏΍ک௒ͪ͢ɽΠϱτϗϧϞޛغͶ ཯୦໲ୌ͗ූ৏͢ɼ๼෨͗ඉ౗ྶॶ༙͹പਕɼͳΕΚ͜ϕΠʀϙϭ΢φΝ౗ྶ੏ൕଲ͹ཱི৖ͶӀ͘ ࠒ΍͑ͳͤΖ͹Ͷଲ߇͢ͱɼೈ෨Ͳ΍ϕΠʀϙϭ΢φΝ౗ྶ੏ࢩ࣍͹ਠӨͶखΕૌ΍͑ͳ͏͑ࢾΊ ͗͵͠Ηͪɽ͢ͻ͢ͻϕΠʀϙϭ΢φ΃͹࣌વࣆۂͳ͢ͱࣖ͠Ηͪ޽ۂ෾໼Ͳ͹ޑ༽ଇ਒ͺͨ͹Γ ͑͵ࢾΊ͹ҲͯͲ͍Εɼͨ͞Ͷͺɼଷନͳසࠖͳક͑ͪΌͫ͜Ͳͺ͵͚ɼ౗ྶͳ͹ިླྀ͗Γ͚ݡΔ Ηͪชຼ͖ΔϕΠʀϙϭ΢φΝӀ͘཯ͪ͢͏ͳ͏͑ΦϨʖφ૜͹ૄ͏΍͍ͮͪ͹Ͳ͍Ζɽ  ୊  ઇ ࿊๞཯୦ΝΌ͛Ζപਕ಼෨͹࿨૬   ΠϧώϜयͶ͕͏ͱ࿊๞཯୦͗݀͢ͱηϞʖθ͵ϕϫιηͲͺ͵͖ͮͪ͞ͳ΍ɼപਕΦϨʖφ૜ ͹஦ʀԾ૜പਕ΃͹ࢩഓྙ͗׮સ͵΍͹Ͳͺ͵͖ͮͪ͞ͳΝࣖ͢ͱ͏Ζɽ཯୦໲ୌͶࡏ͢ͱɼ౗ྶ   *ORVVQHURSFLW5HVROXWLRQVRIWKH0RQWJRPHU\6RXWKHUQ5LJKWV&RQYHQWLRQRI0DUFKTXRWHG LQ7KRUQWRQRSFLWn/DWH6RXWKHUQ&RQYHQWLRQDW0RQWJRPHU\|'H%RZbV5HYLHZYRO 1HZ2UOHDQV    )O\QWRSFLW0LQQLH&%R\G$ODEDPDLQWKH)LIWLHV$6RFLDO6WXG\ 1HZ<RUN&ROXPELD8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV    )O\QWRSFLW  *ORVVQHURSFLW  62

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