Ọ ࡞Ꮚ
1࣭๓⏣ ▱ဢ
2(1
㧗 ▱ Ꮫ ᩍ ⫱ ◊ ✲ 㒊 ே ᩥ ♫ ⛉ Ꮫ ⣔ ᩍ ⫱ Ꮫ 㒊 㛛 㧗 ▱ Ⓨ 㐩 㞀 ᐖ ◊ ✲ ࣉ ࣟ ࢪ ࢙ ࢡ ࢺ࣭2㧗 ▱ Ꮫ Ꮫ 㝔 ⥲ ྜ ே 㛫 ⮬ ↛ ⛉ Ꮫ ◊ ✲ ⛉ )
The Study on the Development of the Teaching Materials for Children with Learning Difficulties in Elementary School Mathematic lessons.
Kanako Korenaga¹ and Tomoya Maeda²㸪
¹Kochi University Research and Education Faculty Humanities and Social Science Cluster Education Unit, The Research Project on Kochi Developmental Disabilities;
²Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University.
Abstract㸸In this study, we developed the teaching materials by focusing on children with learning difficulties in the regular classroom. We analyze how the materials contribute to the learning of children with learning difficulties. From the results of the test, test scores of seven of the eight children has increased or no change. Therefore, materials used in this study may have a certain effect has been suggested for the children. However, we've discussed about materials were not utilize kinesthetic enough, not corresponds to the interest of all children, that why that did not improve the score of G. We are planning to analyze the factors, continue to research.
࢟ ࣮ ࣡ ࣮ ࢻ 㸸 Ꮫ ⩦ ᅔ 㞴 ඣ ,⟬ ᩘ ,ᩍ ᮦ
㸯 㸬 ၥ 㢟 ࡢ ᡤ ᅾ ᩍ ဨ ࡣ ,Ꮚ ࡶ ‶ ㊊ ឤ ࡸ 㐩 ᡂ ឤ ࢆ ឤ ࡌ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ᤵ ᴗ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ,Ꮚ ࡶ ࡢ ᐇ ែ ࢆ ༑ ศ ᢕ ᥱ ࡋ ࡓ ࠺ ࠼ ࡛ ,୍ 㛫 ࣭ ༢ ඖ ࡈ ࡢ ᤵ ᴗ ࡢ ࡡ ࡽ ࠸ ࢆ ල య ࣭ ᫂ ☜ ࡋ ,ᒎ 㛤 ࡸ ㈨ ᩱ ࡢ ᥦ ♧ ࡢ ᪉ ,ᯈ ᭩ ィ ⏬ ࡞ ࡢ ᤵ ᴗ ࡢ ⤌ ࡳ ❧ ࡚ ࢆ ⪃ ࠼ ,ᚲ せ ᛂ ࡌ ࡚ ᩍ ᮦ ࢆ ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ ᚲ せ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ1.Ꮚ ࡶ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ศ ࡾ ࡸ ࡍ ࡃ,☜ ࡞ Ꮫ ຊ ࡢ ྥ ୖ ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡍ ࡣ ,ᩍ ᮦ ࡢ 㛤 Ⓨ ࡸ ⏝ ࡣ ᚲ せ ྍ Ḟ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ . ࡛ ࡣ ᩍ ᮦ ࡣ ఱ .ᩍ ᮦ ࡢ ᤊ ࠼ ᪉ ࡣ ࡁ ࡃ ձ ᩍ ⛉ ෆ ᐜ ཬ ࡧ ࡑ ࡢ 㝿 ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ᩍ ⛉ ᭩ ࡞ ࢆ ྵ ࡵ ࡿ ᤊ ࠼ ᪉ ( , ᩍ ᮦ ◊ ✲ ࡸ ᩍ ᮦ ゎ 㔘 ࠸ ࠺ ሙ ྜ ) , ղ ᩍ ⛉ ෆ ᐜ ࡣ ༊ ู ࡋ ࡚ ,ᩍ ⛉ ෆ ᐜ ࡢ ࠶ ࡿ ᴫ ᛕ (ㄆ ㆑ )ࢆ ᙧ ᡂ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㑅 ᢥ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ⣲ ᮦ ࡸ ࣓ ࢹ ( ,ᩍ ᮦ ᵓ ᡂ ,ᩍ ᮦ ά ⏝ ࡸ ᩍ ⫱ ࣓ ࢹ ࠸ ࠺ ሙ ྜ ) ࠸ ࠺ ᤊ ࠼ ᪉ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ .ᩥ 㒊 ⛉ Ꮫ ┬ (ᪧ ᩥ 㒊 ┬ ௦ ࢆ ྵ ࡵ ࡚ )ࡢ Ꮫ ⩦ ᣦ ᑟ せ 㡿 ࡢ ࠕ ⥲ ๎ ࠖ ࡛ ࡣ ᚋ ⪅ ղ ࡢ ❧ ሙ ࢆ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ . ࠼ ࡤ 1958 ᖺ ∧ Ꮫ ⩦ ᣦ ᑟ せ 㡿 ( 33 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 1 ᪥ ࿌ ♧ )࡛ ࡣ ࠕ ᩍ ⛉ ᭩ ࡑ ࡢ ࡢ ᩍ ᮦ ,ᩍ ල ࡞ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡘ ࡡ ◊ ✲ ࡋ ,ࡑ ࡢ ά ⏝ ດ ࡵ ࡿ ࡇ .ࡲ ࡓ Ꮫ ᰯ ᅗ ᭩ 㤋 ࡢ ㈨ ᩱ ࡸ ど ⫈ ぬ ᩍ ᮦ ➼ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ,ࡇ ࢀ ࢆ ⢭ 㑅 ࡋ ά ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࠖ(⥲ ๎ ,ᑠ Ꮫ ᰯ ,୰ Ꮫ ᰯ ࡶ ྠ ᩥ ) グ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ2. ⌧ ᅾ ࣥ ࢱ ࣮ ࢿ ࢵ ࢺ ࡢ ᬑ ཬ క ࠸ ,⡆ ༢ ᩍ ᮦ ࡢ ሗ ࡸ ᩍ ᮦ ࢆ ࡗ ࡓ ᤵ ᴗ ࡢ ᣦ ᑟ ᪉ ἲ࣭ᣦ ᑟ ࢆ ᡭ ධ ࢀ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ .ಖ ㆤ ⪅ ᑐ ᛂ ࡸ ⏕ ά ᣦ ᑟ ࡞ ᤵ ᴗ ௨ እ ࡢ ᴗ ົ ࡀ ቑ ࠼ ࡓ ⌧ ᅾ ࡢ ᩍ ဨ3 ࡗ ࡚ , ࣥ ࢱ ࣮ ࢿ ࢵ ࢺ ࡞ ࡼ ࡿ ᩍ ᮦ ࡣ ౽ ࡞ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࢁ ࠺ .ࡋ ࡋ ,ࡑ ࡢ ᩍ ᮦ ࢆ ࠸ ⮬ ศ ࡢ ᢸ ᙜ ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ ࡸ Ꮚ ࡶ ࡢ Ꮫ ⩦ ࢫ ࢱ ࣝ ྜ ࢃ ࡏ ࡿ ࡢ ࠸ ࠺ ど Ⅼ ࡸ ᕤ ኵ ࡀ ᚲ せ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ⪃ ࠼ ࡿ . 2010 ᖺ࠾ࡅࡿ⮬ ࡽࡢ◊✲࡛ ,㏻ᖖᏛ⣭ ࠾ࡅࡿどぬ࣭⫈ ぬ࣭㐠ືឤぬ↔Ⅼࡋࡓ ⟬ᩘࡢᩍᮦࡀ ,ඣ❺ࡢ Ꮫ ຊ ྥ ୖ ୍ ᐃ ᭷ ຠ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ♧ ၀ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ .ࡋ ࡋ , ࢇ ࡢ ඣ ❺ ࡢ Ꮫ ຊ ࡀ ྥ ୖ ࡋ ࡓ ୰ ࡛ ,Ꮫ ⩦ ᅔ 㞴 ࢆ ♧ ࡍ ඣ ❺ (Ⓨ 㐩 㞀 ᐖ ࡢ デ ᩿ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ ࡀ ≉ ู ࡞ ᨭ ࡀ ᚲ せ ࡞ Ꮚ ࡶ ,௨ ୗ Ꮫ ⩦ ᅔ 㞴 ඣ ࡍ ࡿ )ࡢ Ꮫ ຊ ࡣ ࢇ ຠ ᯝ ࡀ ㄆ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ .ࡑ ࡇ ࡛ ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ ㏻ ᖖ Ꮫ ⣭ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ デ ᩿ ࡢ ࠶ ࡿ Ⓨ 㐩 㞀 ᐖ ඣ ࢆ ྵ ࡵ ࡓ Ꮫ ⩦ ᅔ 㞴 ඣ ╔ ┠ ࡋ ࡚ ᩍ ᮦ ◊ ✲ ࢆ ⾜ ࠸ ,ᩍ ᮦ ࡀ Ꮫ ⩦ ᅔ 㞴 ඣ ࡢ Ꮫ ࡧ ࠸ ᐤ ࡍ ࡿ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ . 㸰 㸬 ◊ ✲ ࡢ ┠ ⓗ ᑠᏛᰯ ㏻ᖖᏛ⣭࠾࠸࡚ Ꮫ⩦ᅔ㞴 ඣ ╔┠ࡋࡓ⟬ᩘᩍᮦࢆ⏝ ࠸ࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚,ᏊࡶࡢᏛࡧ ࠸ᐤ ࡍ ࡿ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ .ල య ⓗ ࡣ ,㏻ ᖖ Ꮫ ⣭ ᅾ ⡠ ࡍ ࡿ Ꮫ ⩦ ᅔ 㞴 ඣ ࡢ ≉ ᛶ ᛂ ࡌ ࡓ ⟬ ᩘ ᩍ ᮦ ࢆ 㛤 Ⓨ ࡋ ,ᢸ ௵ ᩍ ဨ ᩍ ᮦ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ ᩍ ♧ ࡋ ࡚ ࡶ ࡽ ࠺ .ࡶ ࡋ ࡃ ࡣ ,ᇳ ➹ ⪅ ࡀ ᑐ ㇟ ඣ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ᩍ ᮦ ࡢ ᥦ ♧ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ .ᩍ ᮦ ࢆ ⏝ ࡋ ࡓ ༢ ඖ ࡢ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ,ᤵ ᴗ ୰ ࡢ ᑐ ㇟ ඣ ࡢ ᵝ Ꮚ ,༢ ඖ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡣ ู ⏝ ព ࡋ ࡓ ☜ ㄆ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡞ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࢆ ⥲ ྜ ⓗ ุ ᩿ ࡋ ࡚ ,ᩍ ᮦ ࡀ ඣ ❺ ࡢ Ꮫ ຊ ྥ ୖ ᐤ ࡍ ࡿ ࢆ ᳨ ド ࡍ ࡿ . 㸱 㸬 ศ ᯒ ࡢ ど Ⅼ స ᴗ ㄢ 㢟 ◊✲ࡢ ศᯒどⅬࡣᏛ⩦ᅔ㞴ඣ ╔ ┠ࡋࡓ⟬ᩘᩍᮦࡢά⏝࡛࠶ ࡿ .ලయ ⓗ࡞సᴗㄢ㢟ࡣ ,➨୍ ,◊✲ᐇ㊶ ᰯ ࣭ ᐇ ㊶ Ꮫ ⣭ ࡢ 㑅 ᐃ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ◊ ✲ ᑐ ㇟ ඣ ࡢ ☜ ᐃ .➨ ,ࠕ ศ ᩘ ࡢ ࢃ ࡾ ⟬ ࢆ ⪃ ࠼ ࡼ ࠺ ࠖ ࡢ ᩍ ᮦ 㛤 Ⓨ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ Ꮫ ⣭ య ࡛ ࡢ ά ⏝ .➨ ୕ ,ࠕ ྜ ࡢ ⾲ ࡋ ᪉ ࢆ ⪃ ࠼ ࡼ ࠺ ࠖ ࡢ ᩍ ᮦ 㛤 Ⓨ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ Ꮫ ⣭ య ࡛ ࡢ ά ⏝ .➨ ᅄ ,Ꮫ ⩦ ᅔ 㞴 ඣ ╔ ┠ ࡋ ࡓ ⟬ ᩘ ᩍ ᮦ ࡢ ά ⏝ ࡢ ⥲ ྜ ศ ᯒ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ . 㸲 㸬 ◊ ✲ ᐇ ㊶ ᰯ ,ᐇ ㊶ Ꮫ ⣭ ࡢ 㑅 ᐃ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ◊ ✲ ᑐ ㇟ ඣ ࡢ ☜ ᐃ ᮏ◊✲ ࡢ◊✲ᐇ㊶ᰯ ,ᐇ㊶Ꮫ⣭ ࡣ 2010 ᖺᗘ◊ ✲ᑐ㇟࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓ 㹇ᑠᏛᰯ◊✲⥅⥆ࡢ౫ 㢗ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ .㹇ᑠᏛᰯ ࡣ ⏣ ⏿ ᅖ ࡲ ࢀ ࡓ ⮬ ↛ ㇏ ࡞ ሙ ᡤ ࠶ ࡿ .㏻ ᖖ Ꮫ ⣭ 9 Ꮫ ⣭ ,≉ ู ᨭ Ꮫ ⣭ 3 Ꮫ ⣭ , ᰯ ඣ ❺ 239 ྡ ,ᩍ ဨ 21 ྡ ࡢ Ꮫ ᰯ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ .ඣ ❺ ࡣ ,᫂ ࡿ ࡃ ά ື ⓗ ࡞ ඣ ❺ ࡀ ከ ࡃ ,ᤲ 㝖 ࡸ ࢡ ࣛ ࣈ ά ື ࡞ ࡛ Ꮫ ᖺ ࢆ ㉸ ࠼ ࡓ 㛵 ಀ ࢆ ᣢ ࡘ ࡇ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ .ࡲ ࡓ ,ᗈ ࡞ ᩜ ᆅ 㠃 ✚ ࡸ ,࢜ ࣮ ࣉ ࣥ ࢫ ࣌ ࣮ ࢫ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ,ඣ ❺ ࡣ ࡉ ࡲ ࡊ ࡲ ࡞ 㐟 ࡧ ࢆ ࡢ ࡧ ࡢ ࡧ ⾜ ࠺ ࡇ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ . 㹇 ᑠ Ꮫ ᰯ ࡢ ᩍ ⫱ ᪉ 㔪 ࡣ ,ᑠ Ꮫ ᰯ ᩍ ⫱ ࢆ ㏻ ࡋ ࡚ ,ඣ ❺ ࡀ ே ᱁ ᙧ ᡂ ࡢ ᇶ ♏ ࢆ ᇵ ࠺ ࡓ ࡵ ,ඣ ❺ ࡢ ಶ ᛶ ࢆ ᑛ 㔜 ࡋ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ , ᩍ ⫋ ဨ ࡀ ព ḧ ⓗ ࡛ ឡ ࢆ ࡶ ࡗ ࡓ ᩍ ⫱ ά ື ࢆ ᥎ 㐍 ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ .ᰯ カ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠕ ⮬ ࣭ ຊ ࣭ ᗣ ࠖ ࡢ ᐇ ⌧ ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡋ ,Ꮫ ᰯ ⏕ ά ࡢ ࡞ ࡛ ,ඣ ❺ ࡢ Ꮫ ຊ ,㐨 ᚨ ᛶ ,ே ᶒ ࢆ ☜ ❧ ࡋ ,㇏ ࡞ ே 㛫 ᛶ ࢆ 㣴 ࠺ ࡓ ࡵ , ᩍ ⫋ ဨ ࡀ ୍ !"#$$%&'() *+,- ./01234
⮴ ᅋ ⤖ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ . ⤒ Ⴀ ࡢ᪉ 㔪 ࡋ ࡚ ,≉ูᨭ ᩍ ⫱ࢆ ど Ⅼ ࠾ ࠸ࡓ Ꮫ⣭ ᨵ ၿ ,ඣ❺ ಶ ேࡀ ⏕ ࡁࡿᏛ ⩦ ά ືࢆ ീࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀᣲ ࡆ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ .ල య ⓗ ࡣ ,ඣ ❺ ࡢ ࢃ ࡾ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ᤵ ᴗ ࢆ ᒎ 㛤 ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ,ศ ࡿ࣭࡛ ࡁ ࡿ࣭࠺ ࡲ ࡃ ࡞ ࡿ ႐ ࡧ ࢆ ࠶ ࢃ ࡏ ,ᇶ ♏ ⓗ ࣭ ᇶ ᮏ ⓗ 㡯 ࡢ ᐃ ╔ ࢆ ᅗ ࡿ ࡇ ,ㄆ ࡵ ྜ ࠸ ࣭ ᨭ ࠼ ࠶ ࠸ ࣭ ࡳ ࡀ ࡁ ࠶ ࠺ Ꮫ ⩦ 㞟 ᅋ ࡢ 㐀 ,ᰯ ෆ ◊ ✲ ࣭ ◊ ಟ ࢆ ᐇ ㊶ ⓗ ⾜ ࠸ ,ᖖ ⮬ ᕫ ᨵ 㠉 ࣭ ⮬ ᕫ ᨵ ၿ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ,๓ 㐍 ࢆ ᅗ ࡿ ࡇ ,⤯ ᑐ ホ ౯ ࢆ ⏕ ࡍ ࡇ ࡞ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ . ≉ ู ᨭ Ꮫ ⣭ ࡣ ⥴ 㞀 ᐖ Ꮫ ⣭ ▱ ⓗ 㞀 ᐖ Ꮫ ⣭ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ ྜ ィ 3 Ꮫ ⣭ ࠶ ࡿ .㏻ ᖖ Ꮫ ⣭ ࡣ ,㹊 㹂 ࡸ 㸿 㹂 㹆 㹂 デ ᩿ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ඣ ❺ ࡶ ᅾ ⡠ ࡋ ,㏻ ᖖ ࡢ ඣ ❺ ࡶ Ꮫ ⩦ ࢆ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ . ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ◊ ✲ ౫ 㢗 ࢆ ࡋ ࡓ Ꮫ ⣭ 6 ᖺ B ⤌ ࡣ ,⏨ ඣ 13 ྡ ,ዪ ඣ 13 ྡ ࡢ ィ 26 ྡ ࡢ Ꮫ ⣭ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ .ᑐ ㇟ ඣ ࡣ 8 ྡ ࡋ ࡓ .௨ ୗ ᑐ ㇟ ඣ ࡢ ᴫ せ ࢆ ♧ ࡍ .ᩍ ᮦ ᑟ ධ ௨ ๓ ࡢ 2 ༢ ඖ 㸦ࠕ ࡢ 㠃 ✚ ࠖࠕ ᩥ Ꮠ ᘧ ࠖ㸧 ࡢ ༢ ඖ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ,ᩍ ᮦ ᑟ ධ ௨ ๓ ࡢ ᤵ ᴗ ほ ᐹ ࡛ ࡢ ᵝ Ꮚ ,VARK ⌮ ㄽ ᇶ ࡙ ࠸ ࡚ స ᡂ ࡋ ࡓ Ꮫ ⩦ ࢫ ࢱ ࣝ ศ 㢮 ࡢ ࣥ ࢣ ࣮ ࢺ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࢆ ୍ ぴ ࡋ ࡓ .VARK ⌮ ㄽ ࡣ ,ࢽ ࣗ ࣮ ࢪ ࣮ ࣛ ࣥ ࢻ ࡢ Lincoln Ꮫ ࡢ ᩍ ဨ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࢽ ࣮ ࣭ࣝD࣭ࣇ ࣞ ࣑ ࣥ ࢢ (Niel D. Fleming) Ặ ࡀ ᥦ ၐ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ⌮ ㄽ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ .VARK ࡣ ,Visual(ど ぬ ),Aural(⫈ ぬ ),Read/write(ㄞ ࡳ ᭩ ࡁ ),Kinesthetic(ື స ᛶ )ࡢ 㢌 ᩥ Ꮠ ࢆ ព ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ .ே ࡣ ఱ Ꮫ ⩦ ࢆ ࡍ ࡿ 㝿 ,ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ឤ ぬ ࢆ ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ .ࡲ ࡓ , ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ ឤ ぬ ࡣ ே ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ዲ ࡳ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ .ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ ࡢ ዲ ࡁ ࡞ ឤ ぬ ࢆ ά ⏝ ࡋ ,Ꮫ ⩦ ࢆ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡛ ,Ꮫ ⩦ ࡢ ຠ ⋡ ࡀ ྥ ୖ ࡍ ࡿ ࠸ ࠺ ⌮ ㄽ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ . ➨ 1 ⾲ ᑐ ㇟ ඣ ࡢ ᴫ せ ᑐ ㇟ ඣ ྡ ࡢ 㠃 ✚ (100 Ⅼ ‶Ⅼ) ᩥ Ꮠ ᘧ (100 Ⅼ‶Ⅼ ) ᤵ ᴗ ほ ᐹ VARK ࡢ⤖ᯝ A 95 100 ࡸ ࡿ Ẽ ࠊ⑂ ࢀ ࡞ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᤵ ᴗ 㞟 ୰ ຊ ࡀ ኚ ࡍ ࡿ .ᛮ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ ࢆ ࡍ ࡄ ཱྀ ࡍ ࡿ (㧗 ᶵ ⬟ ⮬ 㛢 ࡢ デ ᩿ ᭷ ). 㐠 ື ឤ ぬ ඃ B 75 100 ࣀ ࣮ ࢺ ࢆ ᭩ ࡃ ࡇ ᚲ Ṛ ࡞ ࡾ ࠊ ᩍ ဨ ࡢ ヰ ࢆ ⪺ ࠸ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸ .㊊ 㐟 ࡧ ࡀ ┠ ❧ ࡘ . ⫈ ぬ ඃ 㸦 ࡢ ᕪ ࡣ ࠶ ࡲ ࡾ ࡞ ࠸ 㸧 C 100 100 ≉ Ẽ ࡞ ࡿ ࡇ ࢁ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ . 㐠 ື ឤ ぬ ඃ 㸦 ⮬ ศ ࡢ ྡ ๓ ࢆ ၏ ୍ ᭩ ࠸ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸧 D 60 95 ࣀ ࣮ ࢺ ࡇ ࡔ ࢃ ࡾ ࡍ ࡂ ࡚ ࣀ ࣮ ࢺ ࢆ ᭩ ࠸ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㛫 ࡢ ㄝ ᫂ ࢆ ⪺ ࠸ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸ . ࡚ ࡢ ឤ ぬ ࡛ ྠ Ⅼ ᩘ E 65 80 ࡰ ࣮ ࡗ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㛫 ࡀ ┠ ❧ ࡘ . ὀ ព ഴ ྥ . 㐠 ື ឤ ぬ ඃ 㸦 ࡢ ᕪ ࡣ ࠶ ࡲ ࡾ ࡞ ࠸ 㸧 F 100 100 ≉ Ẽ ࡞ ࡿ ࡇ ࢁ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ . ⫈ ぬ ࣭ 㐠 ື ឤ ぬ ඃ G 65 95 ࿘ ࡾ Ẽ ࢆ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ .ࡁ ࡻ ࢁ ࡁ ࡻ ࢁ ࡋ ,࿘ ࡾ ࡢ ඣ ❺ ࡕ ࡻ ࡗ ࠸ ࢆ ࡔ ࡍ ሙ 㠃 ࡶ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ . ⫈ ぬ ࣭ 㐠 ື ឤ ぬ ඃ H 65 100 ≉ Ẽ ࡞ ࡿ ࡇ ࢁ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ . ⫈ ぬ ඃ 㸳 㸬ࠕ ศ ᩘ ࡢ ࢃ ࡾ ⟬ ࢆ ⪃ ࠼ ࡼ ࠺ ࠖ ࡛ ࡢ ⏝ ᩍ ᮦ ᮏ༢ඖ ࡛ࡣ௨ୗࡢᩍᮦࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ ,Ꮫ⣭య ᑐࡋ࡚⏝ ࡋࡓ .
㈨ ᩱ 㸯 ศ ᩘ ࡢ ࢃ ࡾ ⟬ ࡢ ⫈ ぬ ᩍ ᮦ ㈨ ᩱ 㸰 ศ ᩘ ࡢ ࢃ ࡾ ⟬ ࡢ ど ぬ ᩍ ᮦ ㈨ᩱ 1 ࡣ,ศᩘ ࡢࢃࡾ⟬ࡢィ⟬᪉ ἲࢆ᭩࠸ࡓᩍᮦ࡛࠶ࡿ .ࡇࡢᩍᮦࢆ ࠕㄞࡴࠖࡇ࡛⫈ ぬඃࡢඣ❺ᑐࡍ ࡿ ⫈ ぬ ᩍ ᮦ ࡋ ࡚ ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ . ๓ ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࢆࡩࡲ࠼࡚ ,⯆࣭㛵ᚰࡢ ࠶ࡿඣ❺ᩘࡀከ ࡗࡓࢽ࣓ࡢ࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮ ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ , ᩍ ᮦ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ඣ ❺ ࡢ ⯆ ࣭ 㛵 ᚰ ࢆ 㓄 ៖ ࡋ ࡓ ᩍ ᮦ ࡋ ࡓ . ㈨ᩱ 2 ࡣ,ศᩘ ࡢࢃࡾ⟬ࡢィ⟬ᡭ 㡰ࢆ᭩࠸ࡓᩍᮦ࡛࠶ࡿ .ࡇࡢᩍᮦࢆࠕぢ࡞ࡀࡽ ࠖၥ㢟ࢆゎࡃࡇ ࡛ ,どぬඃ ࡢ ඣ ❺ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ど ぬ ᩍ ᮦ ࡋ ࡚ ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ . 㸴 㸬ࠕ ྜ ࡢ ⾲ ࡋ ᪉ ࢆ ⪃ ࠼ ࡼ ࠺ ࠖ ࡛ ࡢ ⏝ ᩍ ᮦ ᮏ༢ඖ ࡛ࡣ௨ୗࡢᩍᮦࢆ 㛤Ⓨࡋ ,Ꮫ⣭య ᑐࡋ࡚⏝ ࡋࡓ . ㈨ ᩱ 㸱 ྜ ࡢ ⾲ ࡋ ᪉ ࢆ ⪃ ࠼ ࡼ ࠺ ࡢ ᩍ ᮦ ㈨ ᩱ 㸲 ྜ ࡢ ⾲ ࡋ ᪉ ࢆ ⪃ ࠼ ࡼ ࠺ ࡢ 㐠 ື ឤ ぬ ᩍ ᮦ !!"#$% &'()*+ ,-./01 234 !!"#$% &'()*+ ,-./01 534 !!"#$% &'()*+ ,-./01 534 !!"#$% &'()*+ ,-./01 534 !!"#$% &'()*+, -./0153 4 !!"#$%&'()*+,-./01534 !"#$$%&'() *+,- ./01234
㈨ᩱ 3 ࡣ,య ᑐࡍࡿẚࢆồࡵ ࡿ 㝿⏝ࡋࡓᩍᮦ࡛࠶ࡿ .ᡭ㡰ࢆ ᭩ࡁ,ࠕࡑࢀᚑࡗ ࡚ ࠖၥ㢟ࢆ ゎࡃどぬ ᩍ ᮦ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ .ࡲ ࡓ ,ᮏ ᩍ ᮦ ࢆ ࠕ 㡢 ㄞ ࡋ ࡚ ࡽ ࠖ ၥ 㢟 ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡴ ࡇ ࡛ ,⫈ ぬ ᩍ ᮦ ࡋ ࡚ ࡶ ά ⏝ ࡋ ࡓ . ㈨ᩱ 4 ࡣ,ᅄゅ ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿゝⴥ ࢆ᭩࠸࡚ࡽၥ㢟ྲྀࡾ⤌ ࡴᩍᮦ࡛࠶ࡿ .ࠕᩥᏐࢆ᭩ ࡃ ࠖ࠸࠺ ࡇ࡛ ,㐠 ື ឤ ぬ ඃ ࡢ ඣ ❺ ⏝ ࡋ ࡓ . 㸵 㸬 ⤖ ᯝ ⪃ ᐹ ௨ୗࡣࠕศᩘࡢࢃ ࡾ⟬ࠖࡢ༢ඖࢸ ࢫࢺࡢ⤖ᯝࢆࡢ༢ඖࢸࢫ ࢺࡢ⤖ᯝẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ ,ᩍᮦࡢ ᭷ຠᛶࢆ᳨ ド ࡍ ࡿ .௨ ୗ ྛ ᑐ ㇟ ඣ ࡢ ᩍ ᮦ ࢆ ᑟ ධ ࡋ ࡓ ༢ ඖ㸦ࠕ ศ ᩘ ࡢ ࢃ ࡾ ⟬ ࠖ㸧 ᩍ ᮦ ࢆ ᑟ ධ ࡋ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ༢ ඖ㸦ࠕ ࡢ 㠃 ✚ ࠖ ࠕ ᩥ Ꮠ ᘧ ࠖ㸧 ࡢ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࢆ ẚ ㍑ ࡍ ࡿ . ➨ 2 ⾲ ༢ ඖ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ᑐ ㇟ ඣ ࡢ 㠃 ✚ ᩥ Ꮠ ᘧ ศ ᩘ ࡢ ࢃ ࡾ ⟬ A 95 100 100 B 75 100 100 C 100 100 100 D 60 95 95 E 65 80 95 F 100 100 100 G 65 95 55 H 65 100 100 ༢ඖࢸ ࢫࢺࡢ⤖ᯝࡽ ,ᑐ㇟ඣ 8 ྡ୰ 7 ྡࡢࢸࢫࢺᚓⅬࡣኚ ࡞ࡋࡶࡋࡃࡣ ,Ⅼᩘࡀୖ ᪼ࡋࡓ .ࡇࡢࡇࡽ , ༢ ඖ ࡣ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡢ ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡢ ⏝ ᩍ ᮦ ࡀ ᑐ ㇟ ඣ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ୍ ᐃ ࡢ ຠ ᯝ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ♧ ၀ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ .ࡕ ࡞ ࡳ ࠕ ศ ᩘ ࡢ ࢃ ࡾ ⟬ ࠖࡢ ༢ ඖ ࡛ ࡣ ,ᩍ ᮦ ࢆ ά ⏝ ࡋ ࡓ Ꮫ ⣭ య ࡢ ༢ ඖ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡢ ᖹ ᆒ Ⅼ ࡣ 94 Ⅼ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ .᭱ ᚋ ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ຠ ᯝ ࡀ ࡳ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ G 㛵 ࡋ ࡚ ⪃ ᐹ ࡍ ࡿ .ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡢ ᩍ ᮦ ࡛ ࡣ ,㐠 ື ឤ ぬ ࢆ ά ⏝ ࡋ ࡓ ᩍ ᮦ ࢆ ༑ ศ ᑟ ධ ࡛ ࡁ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ ,G ࡗ ࡚ ᩍ ᮦ ⮬ య ࡀ ⯆ ࣭ 㛵 ᚰ ࡢ ᑐ ㇟ ࡛ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ ࡀ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ .ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ せ ᅉ ࢆ ศ ᯒ ࡋ , ᚋ ࡶ ⥅ ⥆ ࡋ ࡚ ◊ ✲ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ண ᐃ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ .
