トラウマの有無とワーキングメモリ容量との関連

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トラウマの有無とワーキングメモリ容量との関連

永瀬努・佐藤健二

徳島大学総合科学部人間科学研究第25巻 2017 年

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ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࡢ ᭷ ↓ ࡜ ࣡ ࣮ ࢟ ࣥ ࢢ ࣓ ࣔ ࣜ ᐜ 㔞 ࡜ ࡢ 㛵㐃

Ọ ℩ ດ 1) బ ⸨ ೺ ஧ 2)

The relationship between the existence of trauma and working memory capacity Tsutomu NAGASE1)_{Kenji SATO}2)

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that individuals who

experienced trauma had less working memory (WM) capacity than individuals who did not. The participants consisting of undergraduates filled out the Traumatic

Experiences Schedule and the Impact of Event Scale (IES) that measured

posttraumatic stress reactions. The participants were divided into two groups, those who have trauma (n=18) and not trauma (n=19). The capacity of WM was measured by the operation span task (OSPAN) for each group. It was found that the OSPAN score of the group with trauma was lower than that without trauma. The result suggested that the existence of trauma is related to WM capacity. Based on this result, it was

discussed that the possibility of intervention in trauma to increase WM.

Key Words; trauma, posttraumatic stress reactions, working memory

1)_{ᚨ ᓥ ┴ ᩍ ⫱ ጤ ဨ ఍}

Tokushima Prefectural Board of Education

2)_{ᚨ ᓥ ኱ Ꮫ ኱ Ꮫ 㝔 ♫ ఍ ⏘ ᴗ ⌮ ᕤ Ꮫ ◊ ✲ 㒊}

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ၥ 㢟 ࡜ ┠ ⓗ ே ࡢ ᚰ ࡣ 㸪 ఱ ࠿ ⾪ ᧁ ⓗ ࡞ ฟ ᮶ ஦ ࡟ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࡜ ࡁ 㸪῝ ࡃ യ ࡘ ࡃ 㸬ࡇ ࡢ ᚰ ࡢ യ ࡢ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆࠕ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࠖ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ 㸬 ᮏ 㑥 ࡛ ࡣ 㜰 ⚄ ࣭ ῐ ㊰ ኱ 㟈 ⅏ ࡸ ᆅ ୗ 㕲 ࢧ ࣜ ࣥ ஦ ௳ ࢆ ዎ ᶵ ࡜ ࡋ 㸪 ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ◊ ✲ ࡀ ┒ ࢇ ࡟ ⾜ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࡟ 㛵㐃 ࡍ ࡿ ⑌ ᝈ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ௦ ⾲ ⓗ ࡞ ࡶ ࡢ ࡀ ᚰ ⓗ እ യ ᚋ ࢫ ࢺ ࣞ ࢫ 㞀 ᐖ

㸦 Postraumatic Stress Disorder㸪 ௨ ୗ 㸸 PTSD㸧 ࡀ ᣲ ࡆ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 PTSD ࡣ 1980 ᖺ 㸪 DSM-Ϫ ࡟ ึ ࡵ ࡚ ⑌ ᝈ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ グ㍕ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬 ᮏ 㑥 ࡛ ࡣ 1995 ᖺ ࡢ 㜰 ⚄ ࣭ ῐ ㊰ ኱ 㟈 ⅏ ࢆ ዎ ᶵ ࡜ ࡋ 㸪 PTSD ࡢ ᴫ ᛕ ࡀ ྲྀ ࡾ ୖ ࡆ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡜ ࡞ ࡾ 㸪 PTSD ࡢ ཎ ᅉ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ฟ ᮶ ஦ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ ᚋ ࡢ ཯ ᛂ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ ࣓ ࢝ ࢽ ࢬ ࣒ ࡞ ࡝ ࡀ ὀ ┠ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ᭱ ᪂ ࡢ DSM̺ 5 ࡛ ࡣ PTSD ࡢ デ ᩿ ᇶ ‽ A ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ฟ ᮶ ஦ ࡢ ᛶ ㉁㸦 ษ ㏕ ࡋ ࡓ ⏕ ࿨ ࡢ ༴ ᶵ 㸪῝ ้ ࡞ ᛹ ᡃ ࡢ ༴ 㝤㸪ᛶ ⓗ ౵ く ࡞ ࡝ 㸧ࢆ 㸪デ ᩿ ᇶ ‽ B-E ࡛ ࡣ య 㦂 ࠿ ࡽ ᫬ 㛫 ࡀ ⤒ 㐣 ࡋ ࡚ ࡶ ࣇ ࣛ ࢵ ࢩ ࣗ ࣂ ࢵ ࢡ ࢆ ྵ ࡴ ෌ య 㦂 ⑕ ≧ 㸪 ᅇ 㑊 ⑕ ≧ 㸪㐣ぬ㓰 ⑕ ≧ 㸪ㄆ ▱ ࣭ Ẽ ศ ࡢ 㝜 ᛶ ࡢ ኚ ໬ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ እ യ ᚋ ࢫ ࢺ ࣞ ࢫ ཯ ᛂ

㸦 Posttraumatic Stress Reactions: ௨ ୗ PTSR㸧 ࢆ ᐃ ⩏ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬㸦 APA, 2013㸧 ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ 㸪㏆ ᖺ デ ᩿ ᇶ ‽ A ࡟ ྜ ⮴ ࡋ ࡞ ࠸ ฟ ᮶ ஦ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ࡶ 㸪 ᫬ 㛫 ࡀ ⤒ 㐣 ࡋ ࡚ ࡶ PTSR ࢆ 㧗 ࡃ ࿊ ࡍ ࡿ ⪅ ࡢ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡀ ᣦ ᦬ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦 ๓ ⏣ ࣭ ኱ Ụ 㸪 2009㸧㸬 బ ⸨ (2005)ࡣ 㸪 ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࢆ ⊃ ⩏ ࡜ ᗈ ⩏ ࡶ ࡢ ࡟ ศ ࡅ 㸪 ⊃ ⩏ ࡢ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࢆ PTSD ࡟ ఩ ⨨ ௜ ࡅ 㸪୍ ᪉ 㸪ᗈ ⩏ ࡢ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࢆ ࠕ ⤒ 㦂 ᙜ ᫬ ࡜ ྠ ࡌ ᜍ ᛧ ࡸ ୙ ᛌ ឤ ࢆ ᙜ ヱ ಶ ே ࡟ ࡶ ࡓ ࡽ ࡋ ⥆ ࡅ ࡿ ฟ ᮶ ஦ 㸪 ฟ ᮶ ஦ ࡢ ᛶ ㉁ ࡣ ᚲ ࡎ ࡋ ࡶ ⏕ ࿨ ࢆ ⬣ ࠿ ࡍ ༴ 㝤 ࡞ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ 㸪 ࡲ ࡓ ࡑ ࡢ ฟ ᮶ ஦ ࡢ ᭱ ୰ ࡸ ┤ ᚋ ࡟ ᙉ ࠸ ᜍ ᛧ ឤ 㸪 ↓ ຊ ឤ 㸪 ᡓ ុ ࢆ ୚ ࠼ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࡶ ࡞ ࠸ ࠖ ࡜ ᐃ ⩏ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࡇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ య 㦂 ࡣ 㸪 ࡼ ࡾ ከ ࡃ ࡢ ⪅ ࡀ య 㦂 ࡍ ࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 ࡇ ࠺ ࡋ ࡓ ⪅ ࡬ ࡢ ᑐ ᛂ ⟇ ࡢ ☜ ❧ ࡀ ồ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࡇ ࠺ ࡋ ࡓ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࡬ ࡢ ᑐ ᛂ ⟇ ࡢ 1 ࡘ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ὀ ┠ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡢ ࡀ ➹ グ㛤 ♧ ἲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࡇ ࢀ ࡣ Pennebaker & Beall (1986) ࡀ ⪃ ᱌ ࡋ ࡓ ᢏ ἲ ࡛ 㸪 1 ᅇ 20 ศ ࠿ ࡽ 30 ศ 㸪 ᩘ ᅇ ࡟ ࢃ ࡓ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪 ⮬ ㌟ ࡢ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࡸ 㸪 ࢫ ࢺ ࣞ ࢫ ࣇ ࣝ ࡞ య 㦂 ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ឤ ᝟ ࡸ ᛮ ⪃ ࢆ ➹ グ ࡍ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪㛗 ᮇ ⓗ ࡟ ࡣ ㄆ ▱ ⓗ ᶵ ⬟ ࢆ ྥ ୖ ࡉ ࡏ (Klein & Boals㸪2001)㸪་ ᖌ ゼ ၥ ᅇ ᩘ ࡢ ῶ ᑡ ࡸ ච ␿ ᶵ ⬟ ࡢ ᨵ ၿ ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ㌟ య ⓗ ೺ ᗣ ࢆ ቑ 㐍 ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࣓ ࢱ ศ ᯒ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ (Smyth㸪 1998)㸬 ࡉ ࡽ ࡟ 㸪┠ ᶆ ࡟ ྥ ࠿ ࡗ ࡚ ᝟ ሗ ࢆ ฎ ⌮ ࡋ ࡘ ࡘ 㸪 ୍ ᫬ ⓗ ࡟ ᚲ せ ࡞ ஦ ᯶ ࢆ ಖ ᣢ ࡍ ࡿ ാ ࡁ ࡜ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࣡ ࣮ ࢟ ࣥ ࢢ ࣓ ࣔ ࣜ (Working Memory㸹௨ ୗ 㸪WM ࡜ ␎ グ )ᐜ 㔞 ࢆ ቑ ኱ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡶ ሗ ࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ (Klein & Boals㸪 2001)㸬

WM ࡣ ⮬ ᚊ ⚄ ⤒ ⣔ ࢆ ࡿ 1 ࡘ ࡢ ᣦ ᶆ ࡜ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ᚰ ᢿ ኚ ື ᛶ ࡜ ࡢ 㛵㐃 ࡶ ᣦ ᦬ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸦 Thayer & Brosscho, 2005㸧 ࡞ ࡝ 㸪 WM ࡢ ᅇ ᚟ ࡀ ┤ ᥋ ೺ ᗣ ≧ ែ ࡟ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ཬ ࡰ ࡍ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ᣦ ᦬ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ 㸪 WM ᐜ 㔞 ࡀ ቑ ኱ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪 ᚰ ㌟ ೺ ᗣ ࡢ ᨵ ၿ ࡀ ࡞ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࣉ ࣟ ࢭ ࢫ ࡀ ᝿ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 Klein and Boals (2001)ࡣ ➹ グ㛤 ♧ ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ WM ࡣ ᨵ ၿ ࡋ 㸪≉ ࡟ ≀ ㄒ ໬ ࡉ ࢀ 㸪㤳 ᑿ ୍ ㈏ ࡋ ࡓ ➹ グ ෆ ᐜ ࡀ WM ࡜ 㛵㐃 ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡜ ሗ ࿌ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࡑ ࡢ ୖ ࡛ Klein ࡽ ࡣ ➹ グ㛤 ♧ ࡢ ຠ ᯝ ࣓ ࢝ ࢽ ࢬ ࣒ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪WM ࢆ ⪃ ៖ ࡟ ࠸ ࢀ ࡓ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ࢆ ᥦ ᱌ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࡑ ࢀ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ࡜ 㸪 ࢫ ࢺ ࣞ ࢫ ࣇ ࣝ ࡞ グ ᠈ ࡣ ᩿ ∦ ⓗ ࡛ 㸪 య ไ ໬ ࡀ ୙ ༑ ศ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 ౵ ධ ࡋ ࡸ ࡍ ࠸ ≧ ែ ࡟ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࡑ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 WM ࢆ ᾘ ㈝ ࡍ ࡿ ࡢ ࡛ ᥎ ㄽ ࡸ ၥ 㢟ゎ Ỵ ⬟ ຊ ࡀ ప ୗ ࡋ ࡚ ࡋ ࡲ ࠺ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ 㸬 ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ 㸪 ➹ グ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ グ ᠈ ࡀ య ไ ໬ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡜ ౵ ධ ᛮ ⪃ ࡀ ῶ ᑡ ࡋ 㸪 ၥ 㢟ゎ Ỵ ࡸ ࢥ ࣮ ࣆ ࣥ ࢢ ࡀ ᨵ ၿ ࡉ ࢀ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ೺ ᗣ ≧ ែ ࡀ ᨵ ၿ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸦 WM ௬ ㄝ㸧㸬 ᐇ 㝿 ࡟ 㸪 ᮏ 㑥 ࡢ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡶ ➹ グ㛤 ♧ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ WM ࡢ ᨵ ၿ ࡀ ሗ ࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ㸦 ఀ ⸨࣭బ ⸨࣭ 㕥 ᮌ 㸪 2009 ; ୰ 㔝࣭ྜྷ ⏣࣭బ ⸨ 㸪 2012㸧㸬 ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ 㸪WM ࡢ ᨵ ၿ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ ᮏ 㑥 ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ➹ グ㛤 ♧ ◊ ✲ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ᚲ ࡎ ࡋ ࡶ ୍ ⮴ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࢃ ࡅ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ 㸦 ୰ ᕝ ࣭ ୰ 㔝 ࣭ బ ⸨ 㸪 2008 ; ᯇ ᮏ ࣭ ྜྷ ⏣ ࣭ ୰ 㔝 ࣭ బ ⸨ 㸪 2011)㸬 ➹ グ㛤 ♧ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ Klein ࡽ (2001)ࡢ WM ௬ ㄝ ࡣ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪WM ࡀ ῶ ᑡ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ๓ ᥦ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ᐇ 㝿㸪 ࡇ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ࡢ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡶ WM ࡜ 㛵㐃 ࡢ ῝ ࠸ ὀ ព ᶵ ⬟ ࡢ ప ୗ ࡀ PTSD ᝈ ⪅ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ᵝ ࠎ ࡞ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ♧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦 Morey,2009, ᮃ ᭶ ࣭ ᒣ ⏣ ࣭ ᯇ ஭ 㸪 2011㸧㸬 ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ 㸪 ᗈ ⩏ ࡢ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ⤒ 㦂 ⪅ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ WM ࡢ ప ୗ ࡣ ༑ ศ ࡟ ᳨ ウ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬 ࡶ ࡋ 㸪 ᗈ ⩏ ࡢ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ⤒ 㦂 ⪅ ࡀ ࡑ ࠺ ࡛ ࡞ ࠸ ⪅ ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ 㸪WM ࡀ ᑡ ࡞ ࡃ ࡞ ࠸ ࡞ ࡽ ࡤ 㸪ᗈ ⩏ ࡢ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࡟ 㛵 ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪 PTSD ࡟ ‽ ᣐ ࡋ ࡓ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ࡛ ⪃ ࠼ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ 㞴 ࡋ ࠸ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ♧ ၀ ࡉ ࢀ 㸪 ␗ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ᵓ ⠏ ࡜ ௓ ධ ᢏ ἲ ࡀ ᚲ せ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ඛ ⾜ ◊ ✲ ࢆ ㋃ ࡲ ࠼ 㸪 ᗈ ⩏ ࡢ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ⤒ 㦂 ⪅ ࡀ ࡑ ࠺ ࡛ ࡞ ࠸ ಶ ே ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ WM ࡀ ᑡ ࡞ ࠸ ࡜ ゝ ࠺ ௬ ㄝ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ┠ ⓗ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬永瀬　努・佐藤健二

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᪉ ἲ 1. ᐇ 㦂 ༠ ຊ ⪅ ࡢ ᢳ ฟ A ┴ ෆ ࡢ 4 ᖺ ไ ኱ Ꮫ ࡢ ኱ Ꮫ ⏕ 515 ྡ㸦 ᖹ ᆒ ᖺ 㱋 19.58 ṓ 㸪 SD=1.17㸧 ࢆ ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡋ 㸪㉁ ၥ ⣬ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ࢫ ࢡ ࣜ ࣮ ࢽ ࣥ ࢢ ㄪ ᰝ ࢆ ᐇ ᪋ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࢫ ࢡ ࣜ ࣮ ࢽ ࣥ ࢢ ㄪ ᰝ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ㉁ ၥ ⣬ ࡟ グ ධ ࡀ ࡞ ࡃ 㸪 ࠿ ࡘ Ặ ྡ ࡜ 㐃 ⤡ ඛ ࢆ ᫂ グ ࡋ ࡓ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ↓ ࡋ ⩌ ࡢ ᭷ ຠ ᅇ ⟅ ⪅ ࡣ 124 ྡ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬ࡑ ࡢ 124 ྡ ࠿ ࡽ ௵ ព ࡟ 27 ྡ ࢆ ᢳ ฟ ࡋ 㸪 ᐇ 㦂 ᐊ ࡟ ᮶ ᐊ ᚋ ࢖ ࣥ ࣇ ࢛ ࣮ ࣒ ࢻ࣭ࢥ ࣥ ࢭ ࣥ ࢺ㸦 ௨ ୗ I.C ࡜ ␎ グ㸧 ࢆ ཷ ࡅ ࡓ ୖ ࡛ ᐇ 㦂 ཧ ຍ ࡟ ྠ ព ࡋ ࡓ 19 ྡ㸦 ᖹ ᆒ ᖺ 㱋 19.68, SD㸻 1.00 ⏨ ᛶ 10 ྡ 㸪ዪ ᛶ 9 ྡ 㸧 ࢆ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ↓ ࡋ ⩌ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ศ ᯒ ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ㉁ ၥ ⣬ ࡟ グ ධ ࡀ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ⪅ ࡣ 88 ྡ ࡔ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬ࡲ ࡓ ࡑ ࡢ ୰ ࡛ IES ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ᐃ ࡛ PTSR ࡀ ୰ ⛬ ᗘ 㸦 9 Ⅼ 㸧 ௨ ୖ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ⪅ ࡣ 76 ྡ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ㉁ ၥ ⣬ ࡟ グ ධ ࡀ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 ࡲ ࡓ 㐃 ⤡ ඛ ࢆ ᫂ グ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ 22 ྡ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ᐇ 㦂 ᐊ ࡟ ᮶ ᐊ ࡋ ࡚ ࡶ ࡽ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡣ PTSR ࢆ ࿊ ࡍ ࡿ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ య 㦂 ⪅ ࢆ ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ࡓ ࡵ ᮶ ᐊ ᫬ ࡟ ෌ ᗘ IES ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ᐃ ࢆ ⾜ ࠸ PTSR ࡀ ୰ ⛬ ᗘ 㸦 9 Ⅼ 㸧 ᮍ ‶ ࡢ 2 ྡ ࢆ ᐇ 㦂 ཧ ຍ ࡢ ୰ Ṇ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡓ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ᮶ ᐊ ࡢ 㝿 ࡟ ⢭ ⚄ ⑌ ᝈ ⡆ ᫆ ᵓ 㐀 ໬ 㠃 ᥋ ἲ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ∧ 㸦 Sheehan & Lecrubier, 2003 ; ௨ ୗ M.I.N.I.࡜ ␎ グ㸧ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ PTSD ࡢ ␲ ࠸ ࡢ ࡞ ࠸ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ☜ ㄆ ࡋ 㸪 ࡲ ࡓ ⢭ ⚄ ⛉ ➼ ࡢ ᑓ 㛛 ᶵ 㛵 ࢆ ฼ ⏝ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸ ࠿ ࡝ ࠺ ࠿ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡢ ☜ ㄆ ࡶ ⾜ ࠸ 㸪ヱ ᙜ ࡍ ࡿ ⪅ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ ᐇ 㦂 ཧ ຍ ࡢ ୰ Ṇ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡓ 㸬 ᭱ ⤊ ⓗ ࡟ 18 ྡ 㸦 ᖹ ᆒ ᖺ 㱋 19.61, SD=1.14, ⏨ ᛶ 5 ྡ 㸪 ዪ ᛶ 13 ྡ 㸧 ࢆ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ⩌ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ศ ᯒ ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ཧ ຍ ⪅ ࡟ I.C ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࡢ ࡕ 㸪 ྠ ព ᭩ ࡬ ࡢ グ ධ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡚ ࡶ ࡽ ࠸ 㸪 ᐇ 㦂 ᐊ ෆ ࡢ 㜵㡢 ౑ ⏝ ࡢ ࢩ ࣮ ࣝ ࢻ ࣝ ࣮ ࣒ ࡟ ࡚ ㉁ ၥ ⣬ ࡬ ࡢ ᅇ ⟅ ࡜ WM ㄢ㢟 ࡀ ᐇ ᪋ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬 2. ᗘ a)ࢫ ࢡ ࣜ ࣮ ࢽ ࣥ ࢢ ᫬ ౑ ⏝ ᗘ ࣇ ࢙ ࢖ ࢫ ࢩ ࣮ ࢺ 㸦 ᡤ ᒓ 㸪 ᖺ 㱋㸪 ᛶ ู 㸪㐃 ⤡ ඛ 㸧 እ യ ᚋ ࢫ ࢺ ࣞ ࢫ య 㦂ㄪ ᰝ ⾲㸦 బ ⸨࣭ᆏ 㔝 , 2001㸧㸸 እ യ ᚋ ࢫ ࢺ ࣞ ࢫ య 㦂ㄪ ᰝ ⾲ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࢆ య 㦂 ࡋ ࡓ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ ࡜ ࡑ ࡢ ฟ ᮶ ஦ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡢ ⡆ ༢ ࡞ グ㏙ ࢆ ࡶ ࡜ ࡵ ࡓ 㸬 PTSR ࡢ ⛬ ᗘ㸸ඛ ⾜ ◊ ✲ ࡜ ࡢ ẚ ㍑ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 Impact of Event Scale ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ∧ 㸦 ฟ ᮶ ஦ ࢖ ࣥ ࣃ ࢡ ࢺ ᑻ ᗘ 㸪௨ ୗ㸸IES㸧㸦 Horowits et al., 1979 ; Asukai & Miyake, 1998㸧 ࡟

ࡼ ࡾ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 IES ࡣ ඲ 15 㡯 ┠ ࠿ ࡽ ࡞ ࡿ ⮬ ᕫ グ ධ ᘧ ࡢ ᑻ ᗘ ࡛ 㸪౵ ධ ⑕ ≧ 7 㡯 ┠ ࡜ ᅇ 㑊 ⑕ ≧ 8 㡯 ┠ ࡢ 2 ᅉ Ꮚ ࠿ ࡽ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ྛ 㡯 ┠ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪 ᭱ ㏆ 1 㐌㛫 ࡢ ⤒ 㦂㢖 ᗘ ࢆ 㸪 1㸦 ࡲ ࡗ ࡓ ࡃ ࡞ ࠸ 㸧㹼 4㸦 ࡋ ࡤ ࡋ ࡤ ࠶ ࡿ 㸧ࡢ 4 ௳ ἲ ࡛ ᅇ ⟅ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬ホ ᐃ ࡢ 㝿 ࡣ 㸪1㸦 ࡲ ࡗ ࡓ ࡃ ࡞ ࠸ 㸧 ࢆ 0 Ⅼ 㸪 2㸦 ࡵ ࡗ ࡓ ࡟ ࡞ ࠸ 㸧 ࢆ 1 Ⅼ 㸪 3㸦 ᫬ ࠎ ࠶ ࡿ 㸧 ࢆ 3 Ⅼ 㸪 4㸦 ࡋ ࡤ ࡋ ࡤ ࠶ ࡿ 㸧 ࢆ 5 Ⅼ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ⟬ ฟ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 b) ᐇ 㦂 ཧ ຍ ᫬ ᐃ ኚ ᩘ ࢔ ࣞ ࢟ ࢩ ࢧ ࢖ ࣑ ࢔ ഴ ྥ ࡢ 㧗 ࠸ ே ࡣ 㸪 ឤ ᝟ ⤒ 㦂 ࢆ ⮬ ࡽ ゝㄒ ໬ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ᅔ 㞴 ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸦 Taylor, Bagby, & Parker, 1997㸧㸪 ࡇ ࡢ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ ࢔ ࣞ ࢟ ࢩ ࢧ ࢖ ࣑ ࢔ ഴ ྥ ࡢ 㧗 ࡉ ࡀ ⮬ ᕫ 㛤 ♧ ࡢ ⛬ ᗘ ࡟ ᙳ 㡪 ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ᣲ ࡆ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ᢚ ࠺ ࡘ ࡢ ⛬ ᗘ ࡢ 㧗 ࠸ ⪅ ࡣ WM ᐜ 㔞 ࡀ ᑡ ࡞ ࠸ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ▱ ぢ㸦 ఀ 㔛 ࣭ ᮃ ᭶ ,2012㸧 ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ ᢚ ࠺ ࡘ ࡢ ⛬ ᗘ ࡀ WM ࡟ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ୚ ࠼ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ᣲ ࡆ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ୖ グ ࡢ ᐃ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ௨ ୗ ࡢ ᑻ ᗘ ࢆ ࡶ ࡕ ࠸ ࡓ 㸬 ࢔ ࣞ ࢟ ࢩ ࢧ ࢖ ࣑ ࢔ ഴ ྥ 㸸 Tront Alexithymia Scale 20 㡯 ┠ ᨵ ゞ ∧ 㸦 ௨ ୗ 㸸 TAS-20㸧㸦 ᑠ ∾ ࡽ , 2003㸧࡟ ࡼ ࡾ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 TAS-20 ࡣ ඲ 20 㡯 ┠ ࠿ ࡽ ࡞ ࡿ ⮬ ᕫ グ ධ ᘧ ᑻ ᗘ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 ྛ 㡯 ┠ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪 1㸦 ࡲ ࡗ ࡓ ࡃ ᙜ ࡚ ࡣ ࡲ ࡽ ࡞ ࠸ 㸧㹼 5㸦㠀 ᖖ ࡟ ᙜ ࡚ ࡣ ࡲ ࡿ 㸧 ࡢ 5 ௳ ἲ ࡛ ᅇ ⟅ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬

ᢚ ࠺ ࡘ ࡢ ⛬ ᗘ㸸Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ∧ 㸦 ௨ ୗ㸸CES-D㸧㸦 ᓥ࣭㮵㔝࣭໭ ᮧ࣭ὸ ஭ , 1985㸧 ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬CES-D ࡣ ␿ Ꮫ ◊ ✲ ⏝ ࡟ 㛤 Ⓨ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ඲ 20 㡯 ┠ ࠿ ࡽ ࡞ ࡿ ⮬ ᕫ グ ධ ᘧ ࡢ ᑻ ᗘ ࡛ ⌧ ᅾ ࡢ ᢚ ࠺ ࡘ ≧ ែ ࢆ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ 㸬ྛ 㡯 ┠ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ᭱ ㏆ 1 㐌㛫 ࡛ ࡢ ⤒ 㦂㢖 ᗘ ࢆ 0㸦 1 ᪥ ᮍ ‶ 㸧㹼 3㸦 5-7 ᪥ 㸧 ࡢ 4 ௳ ἲ ࡛ ᅇ ⟅ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬

WM ᚓ Ⅼ 㸸 Operation Span Task (Turner & Engle, 1989 ; ௨ ୗ 㸪 OSPAN ࡜ ␎ グ ) ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡟ ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ OSPAN ࡣ ࣃ ࢯ ࢥ ࣥ ࢆ ౑ ࡗ ࡚ ⾜ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ 㸪 ᖸ ΅ ࡸ ጉ ᐖ ࡢ ୰ ࡛ ㄢ㢟 ࡟ ὀ ព ࢆ ⥔ ᣢ ࡋ ไ ᚚ ࡍ ࡿ ⬟ ຊ ࢆ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ࣃ ࢯ ࢥ ࣥ ࡢ ࣔ ࢽ ࢱ ࣮ ࡟ ⡆ ༢ ࡞ ィ ⟬ ၥ 㢟 ࡜ ༢ ㄒ ࡀ ⾲ ♧ ࡉ ࢀ 㸪ィ ⟬ ၥ 㢟 ࡢ ṇ ㄗ ุ ᩿ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ᚋ ༢ ㄒ ࢆ 㡢ㄞ ࡋ ぬ ࠼ ࡿ 㸬 ࣛ ࣥ ࢲ ࣒ ࡟ 2㹼 7 ಶ ࡢ ⠊ ᅖ ࡛ ⾲ ♧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࠕ ィ ⟬ ၥ 㢟㸫 ༢ ㄒ ࠖ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ᚋ 㸪 ᅇ ⟅ ࡢ ࣌ ࣮ ࢪ ࡀ ⾲ ♧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࡽ ༢ ㄒ ࢆ ぬ ࠼ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㝈 ࡾ ධ ຊ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ ࢀ ࢆ 1 ᪋ ⾜ ࡛ 27 ᑐ 㸪 3 ᪋ ⾜ ࡛ ィ 81 ᑐ ⾜ ࠸ 㸪 ṇ ㄗ ุ ᩿ ࡜ ༢ ㄒ ṇ ⟅ ᩘ ࡞ ࡽ ࡧ ࡟ ᅇ ⟅ ᫬ 㛫 ࠿ ࡽ WM ᚓ Ⅼ ࢆ ⟬ ฟ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬

(5)

3. ◊ ✲ ᡭ ⥆ ࡁ ཧ ຍ ⪅ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪 ᚨ ᓥ ኱ Ꮫ ⥲ ྜ ⛉ Ꮫ 㒊 3 ྕ 㤋 ༡ Ჷ 3 㝵 ࡢ ➨ 4 ᐇ 㦂 ᐊ ࡟ ᮶ ᐊ ࡋ ࡚ ࡶ ࡽ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬ྛ ㉁ ၥ ⣬ ࡬ ࡢ ᅇ ⟅ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ WM ㄢ㢟 ࡣ ᐇ 㦂 ᐊ ෆ ࡟ ࠶ ࡿ 㜵㡢 ௙ ᵝ ࡢ ࢩ ࣮ ࣝ ࢻ ࣝ ࣮ ࣒ ࡛ ⾜ ࢃ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬 ⤖ ᯝ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ⩌ ࡜ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ↓ ࡋ ⩌ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ᖺ 㱋 ࡜ ᛶ ู ࢆ ᚑ ᒓ ኚ ᩘ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ t ᳨ ᐃ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬⤖ ᯝ ,࠸ ࡎ ࢀ ࡶ ᭷ ព ࡞ ᕪ ࡣ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 TAS-20,CES-D, OSPAN ࢆ ᚑ ᒓ ኚ ᩘ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ୍ せ ᅉ ศ ᩓ ศ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ࡑ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ 㸪 TAS-20 ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ ᭷ ព ࡞ ᕪ ࡣ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ 㸦F (1,35)=.29, n.s.㸧 ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ 㸪 CES-D(F (1,35)= 9.22, p <.01 ), OSPAN(F (1,35)=6.17, p<.05 )࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ᭷ ព ࡞ ᕪ ࡀ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬 ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ⩌ ࡣ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ↓ ࡋ ⩌ ࡟ ẚ ࡭ ᢚ ࠺ ࡘ ഴ ྥ ࡀ 㧗 ࡃ 㸪 OSPAN ᚓ Ⅼ ࡀ ప ࠸ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ♧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ (Table1)㸬 ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ⩌ ࡜ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ↓ ࡋ ⩌ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 OSPAN ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ 1 ᅇ ࡢ ၥ 㢟 ᩘ 㸦 2㹼 7 ၥ 㸧 ࡈ ࡜ ࡢ ᖹ ᆒ ᚓ Ⅼ 㸦 ᭱ ኱ 1㸫 ᭱ ᑠ 0㸧 ࢆ ᚑ ᒓ ኚ ᩘ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ୍ せ ᅉ ศ ᩓ ศ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ࡑ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ 㸪 3 ၥ 㸦F(1,35)=5.41, p<.05㸧 ࡜ 4 ၥ 㸦F(1,35)=9.29, p<.01㸧 ࡜ 5 ၥ 㸦F (1,35)=5.83, p <.05㸧࡜ 7 ၥ㸦F (1,35)=3.65, p<.10㸧 ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ᭷ ព ࡞ ᕪ ࡀ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬 ୍ ᪉ ࡛ 㸪 2 ༢ ㄒ㸪 6 ༢ ㄒ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ ᭷ ព ࡞ ᕪ ࡣ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ (Table2)㸬 ⪃ ᐹ ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡢ ┠ ⓗ ࡣ 㸪Klein(2001)ࡢ ᥦ ၐ ࡍ ࡿ WM ௬ ㄝ ࡢ ๓ ᥦ ࡜ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ WM ࡢ ῶ ᑡ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ᳨ ド ࡍ ࡭ ࡃ 㸪ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ⤒ 㦂 ⪅ ࡀ ࡑ ࠺ ࡛ ↓ ࠸ ಶ ே ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ WM ࡀ ᑡ ࡞ ࠸ ࡜ ゝ ࠺ ௬ ㄝ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ࡲ ࡎ 㸪௒ ᅇ ኱ Ꮫ ⏕ 515 ྡ ࡟ ࢫ ࢡ ࣜ ࣮ ࢽ ࣥ ࢢ ㄪ ᰝ ࢆ ࠾ ࡇ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࡀ 㸪ᑐ ㇟ ⪅ ࡢ 17㸣 ࡀ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࢆ ᢪ ࠼ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪ࡲ ࡓ ࡑ ࡢ 86㸣 ࡀ ୰ ⛬ ᗘ ௨ ୖ ࡢ PTSR ࢆ ࿊ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ♧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬 ࡇ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࡟ 㛵 ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪 ྠ ࡌ ࡃ ኱ Ꮫ ⏕ ࢆ ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ୰ ᕝ㸦 2008㸧, ྜྷ ⏣㸦 2013㸧࡜ ྠ ᵝ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪௒ ᅇ ࡢ ◊ ✲ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ 㠀 ⮫ ᗋ ⩌ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ኱ Ꮫ ⏕ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ⱞ ࡋ ࡴ ⪅ ࡀ ከ ࡃ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ⤖ ᯝ ࡀ ♧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࡜ ࠸ ࠼ ࡿ 㸬 ࡑ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ᐇ 㦂 ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࠿ ࡽ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ↓ ࡋ ⩌ ࡟ ẚ ࡭ ࡚ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ⩌ ࡢ ᪉ ࡀ WM ᚓ Ⅼ ࡀ ప ࠸ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ♧ ࡉ ࢀ 㸪 ᗈ ⩏ ࡢ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࢆ

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永瀬　努・佐藤健二

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ᣢ ࡓ ࡞ ࠸ ⪅ ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ 㸪 ᗈ ⩏ ࡢ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࢆ ᣢ ࡘ ⪅ ࡢ ᪉ ࡀ WM ᐜ 㔞 ࡀ ᑡ ࡞ ࠸ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ♧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬 Klein & Boals㸦 2001㸧 ࡛ ࡣ ཎ ᅉ ࡣ ࡝ ࠺ ࠶ ࢀ 㸪㐍⾜ ୰ ࡢ ฟ ᮶ ஦ ࡣ 㸪 ᮍ ゎ Ỵ ࡞ ࢫ ࢺ ࣞ ࢫ ࣇ ࣝ ࡞ ฟ ᮶ ஦ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ㄆ ▱ ࡣ 㸪WM ㈨ ※ ࢆ ࡵ ࡄ ࡗ ࡚ ➇ ྜ ࡍ ࡿ ୙ 㐺 ษ ࡞ せ ồ ࡟ ࡞ ࡿ ࡜ ㏙ ࡭ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࡉ ࡽ ࡟ 㸪ㄢ㢟 ࡀ ༑ ศ 㞴 ࡋ ࡅ ࢀ ࡤ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ᛮ ⪃ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ὀ ព ࢆ ๭ ࠸ ࡓ ࡾ 㸪 ࡑ ࢀ ࡽ ࢆ ᢚ ไ ࡋ ࡼ ࠺ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ ࡾ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ 㸪ㄢ㢟 ᡂ ⦼ ࡢ ప ୗ ࡟ ࡘ ࡞ ࡀ ࡿ ࡜ ㏙ ࡭ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࡇ ࡢ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪 ௒ ᅇ ࡢ ◊ ✲ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪 ᗈ ⩏ ࡢ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࢆ ᭷ ࡍ ࡿ ⪅ ࡣ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ⓗ ࡞ ฟ ᮶ ஦ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ㄆ ▱ ࡟ WM ࢆ ౑ ⏝ ࡋ ࡚ ࡋ ࡲ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪ㄢ㢟 ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ౑ ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ WM ᐜ 㔞 ࡀ ῶ ࡗ ࡚ ࡋ ࡲ ࠸ ㄢ㢟 ᡂ ⦼ ࡀ ᝏ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪 ᗈ ⩏ ࡢ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࢆ ᭷ ࡍ ࡿ ⪅ ࡢ WM ࡢ ῶ ᑡ ࡀ ♧ ၀ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ⩌ ࡜ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ↓ ⩌ ࡜ ࡢ ẚ ㍑ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪 ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ⩌ ࡢ ᪉ ࡀ ᢚ ࠺ ࡘ ഴ ྥ ࡀ 㧗 ࠸ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ⤖ ᯝ ࡀ ᚓ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬㔠㸦 2001㸧 ࡣ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ⏕ ࡌ ࡿ ឤ ᝟ ࡢ ኚ ໬ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ᢚ ࠺ ࡘ 㸪 ⨥ ㈐㸪 ᛣ ࡾ 㸪 ↓ ຊ 㸪 ᝒ ယ ឤ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ឤ ᝟ ࢆ ᣲ ࡆ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ య 㦂 ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪 ♫ ఍ ࡸ ୡ ࡢ ୰ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ࡶ ࡢ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ᇶ ᮏ ⓗ ࡞ ಙ 㢗 ឤ ࡢ ႙ ኻ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ࡟ 㸪 ఱ ࠿ ࡜ ࡚ ࡶ ኱ ษ ࡞ ౯ ್ ࡀ ⮬ ศ ࠿ ࡽ ኻ ࢃ ࢀ ࡚ ࡋ ࡲ ࡗ ࡓ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ឤ ࡌ ࡚ ࡋ ࡲ ࠺ 㸬 ࡇ ࠺ ࡋ ࡓ ႙ ኻ ឤ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᢚ ࠺ ࡘ Ẽ ศ 㸪 ᝒ ယ ឤ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡿ (㔠 , 2001㸧࡜ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ ࠺ ࡋ ࡓ ඛ ⾜ ◊ ✲ ࡢ ▱ ぢ ࢆ ㋃ ࡲ ࠼ 㸪 ᗈ ⩏ ࡢ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࢆ ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ ྠ ᵝ ࡟ 㸪 ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࡢ ᭷ ࡍ ࡿ ⪅ ࡣ ᢚ ࠺ ࡘ ഴ ྥ ࡀ 㧗 ࠸ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ♧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࡜ ࠸ ࠼ ࡿ 㸬 ᢚ ࠺ ࡘ ࡢ 㧗 ࠸ ⪅ ࡣ WM ᐜ 㔞 ࡀ ᑡ ࡞ ࠸ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ♧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪㸦 ఀ 㔛 ࣭ ᮃ ᭶ 㸪 2012㸧 ࡇ ࠺ ࡋ ࡓ ▱ ぢ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪 ࡇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪 ௒ ᅇ ࡢ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ᗈ ⩏ ࡢ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ᵓ ⠏ ࡜ WM ࡢ ቑ ຍ ࢆ ព ᅗ ࡋ ࡓ ௓ ධ ᢏ ἲ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ୍ ຓ ࢆ ㏙ ࡭ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡓ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡿ 㸬 ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ ᗈ ⩏ ࡢ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࢆ ᣢ ࡘ ⪅ ࡣ ᢚ ࠺ ࡘ ഴ ྥ ࡶ 㧗 ࠸ ࡇ ࡜ ࡶ ྜ ࢃ ࡏ ࡚ ♧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬 ࡇ ࡢ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࡀ WM ᐜ 㔞 ࡢ ཬ ࡰ ࡍ ᙳ 㡪 ࡔ ࡅ ࡛ ࡞ ࡃ 㸪ᢚ ࠺ ࡘ ࡀ WM ᐜ 㔞 ࡟ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ཬ ࡰ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡶ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬 ࡑ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ௒ ᚋ ࡣ ᢚ ࠺ ࡘ ࡢ ⛬ ᗘ ࢆ ⤫ ไ ࡋ ࡚ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ồ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 ௜ グ ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࢆ ᐇ ᪋ ࡍ ࡿ ࡟ ࠶ ࡓ ࡾ 㸪 వ ㄒ ┿ ኵ ඛ ⏕ 㸪 ኱ ᖹ ⱥ ᶞ ඛ ⏕ 㸪 Ἑ 㔝 ࿴ ᫂ ඛ ⏕ 㸪 ‮ ᕝ 㐍 ኴ 㑻 ඛ ⏕ ࡟ ࡣ ከ ᩘ ࡢ ࡈ ព ぢ㸪 ࡈ ༠ ຊ ࢆ ㈷ ࡾ ࡲ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ᚰ ࡼ ࡾ ࡢ ឤ ㅰ ࢆ ⏦ ࡋ ୖ ࡆ ࡲ ࡍ 㸬 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡣ ⛉ Ꮫ ◊ ✲ ㈝ ᇶ ┙ ◊ ✲ 㸦 C㸧㸦 25380932㸧 ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ຓ ᡂ ࢆ ཷ ࡅ ࡓ 㸬 ᘬ ⏝ ᩥ ⊩

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トラウマの有無とワーキングメモリ容量との関連