‑ ノ ー ト ー 高 岡短 期 大 学 紀 要 第
7
巻 平 成8
年3
月B u ll
.T a k a o k a N a t i o n a l C o l l e g e
,V o l
.7
,M a r c h 1 9 9 6
T h e
A p pli
c atio n of N
e w E d
u c atio n a】し M edi
a in t h e
E
n g li
sh P r og r a m at T ak a o kaN
atio n al C
olleg eC
h r i s
to
ph e r R
.C o v e
y(R
e c e
iv e
d No v e m
be r
2 , 1 99 5)A
B
S T R A C T1 n t
he w o r
ldo
fe
du c a t
io n
,
m o s t
.
e x p e r t s a g r e e t
ha t t
he r e w
ill be a m a j o r S h
ift a w a y
fr o m t
he t r a
d it
io n a
lt e a c
he r
‑c e n t e r e
d le a r n
in g m o
de
lt o a m o r e s t u
de n t
‑c e n t e r e
dp a r a
‑ d ig m t
ha t r e q u
ir e s m o r e
in
it
ia t
iv e o n t h e p a r t o
ft
he s t u
de r l t
・ Pa r a
‖e
lin g t
his c
ha n g e
,w e w
ilユ be
fo r c e
dt o m a
ke u s e o
rt e c
hn o
lo g l C a
la
dv a n c e s t o 】
'
i
n
dm o r e e
ffic
ie n t w a y s
fo r
l
e a r n
in g a n
dt e a c
h in g t o t a
ke p
la c e
・ T he
in c r e a s
in g u s e o
f in t e r a c t
iv e
C D 's
, lo w
‑c o s t
t e
le c o m m u n
ic a t i o n s e r v
ic e s
,h y p e r m e
di a
,a n
do t
he r m u
lti r n e
d ia t e c
hn o l o g i e s a ll s e e m t o
i
n
d ic a t e t h a t t e a c
he r s w
il
l in c r e a s
in g 一y p
la c e m o r e e m p
ha s
is u p o n c u r r
ic u l u m a n
dm a
‑t e r
ia
ls
de v e l o p m e n t
in o r
de r t o m a
ke t
he
be s t u s e o
rr a p
id ly i m p r o v
in g e
du c a t
io n a
lm e
d ia ; a s a r e s u
lt
,t
he
ki n
ds o
fa c t
iv i ti e s a n
de x e r c i s e s t a k i n g p
la c e
in t
he c l a s s r o o m w
illa
ls o
be
fu n
da m e n t a
lly a
lt e r e
d .1 n t
he
En g
lis
hs e c ti o n o
rt h e L a n g u a g e s
fo r
Bu s
in e s s
de p 〜1 r t m ∈ ) n t
,W e
ha v e a
ls o
be e n
t r y
in g t o
ide n t
ify w a y s t o a p p
ly n e w e
du c a t
io n a
lm e
dia t o
im p r o v e t
he
le a r n
in g
/t e a c
h‑ in g p r o c e s s
・ T his p a p e r w
ill de s c r
i be o u r e x p e r
im e n t s w
it
h E le c t r o n
ic
Ma
ila n
d Hy p e r m e
d ja
‑ba s e
d Co m p u t e r
As s
is t e
d La n g u a g e I
」e a r n
in g a u t
ho r
in g p r o g r a m s
・ T he
ba s
ic
in s t r u c t
io n a
lm o
de
l fo r t u t o r
ia
トba s e
d Co m p u t e r
As s
i=s t e
d In s t r u c t
io n w
ill be
in
‑t r o
du c e
d,
a n
d it s g e n e r a
l im p a c t u p o n c
la s s r o o m
in s t r u c t
io n
dis c u s s e
d ・K E Y W O R D S
EI
M a
il;
Sy n c
hr o n o u s
E‑Ma
il;
As y n c
hr o n o u s
E‑M a
il;
LJa t r O
be
Un
iv e r s
it y
EIM a
il L is t s e r v e r ;
Se r v e r ;
=y p e r m e
d ia ;
in
div
idu a
liz e
di n s t r u c t
io n ;
Co m p u t e r
As s
is t e
d La n g u a g e
Le a r n
in g
(C A LL
) .1 E l
e c
tr o n
ic
Ma
il 1.1 In t r o
du c t
io n
E l
e c t r o n
ic m a
il ha s
be e n u s e
d in
fo r e l
gn
la n
gu a
ge
te a c
h in
gn o w
fo r
qu
ite s o m e
tim e ;
it is s a
id to
be e
f fe c t
iv e
in r e
du c
in
gs
tu
de n t a n x
ie
t y le v e
ls
fo r s e v e r a
lr e a s o n s
・ F ir s t
・外国 人教 師
it
p r o v
ide s s
tu
de n
ts w
it ha r
is
k‑fr e e
le a r n i n
ge n v
ir o n m e n
t in w
h ic
h t he
te a c
he r
is
tr a n s
‑ fo r m e
d fr o m a n a u
t ho r
it y figu r e
to a
kn o w
le
dge a
ble c o
lle a
gu e
. T h is
is e s
pe c
ia
lly
im
‑ po r
ta n
tw
he n
te a c
h in
g Ja
pa n e s e s
tu
de n
ts
,w
ho
ge n e r a
llyw
illn o
tr a
is e
‑t he
ir
、 ha n
ds
to a s
k qu e s
t io n s
in
t he c
la s s r o o m e v e n
if t he
y do n o
tu n
de r s
ta n
d. Re s e a r c
h ha s s
ho w n
t h
a
ts
tu
de n
t pa r
tic i
pa
tio n r a
te s
in c r e a s e
dr a s
t ic a
lly ir r e s
pe c
t iv e o
f t he
fo r m o
fe
le c
‑ tr o n
ic m a
ilc
ho s e n
. A ls o
, E‑Ma
ilo
ffe r s s
tu
de n
ts
t he c
ha n c e
to u s e
t he
ir w r
itl n
gS
kills
f
o r m e a n
in
g fu
lc o m m u n
ic a
tiv e
ta s
ks
, t hu s e n c o u r a
gl n
g t he m
to
fr e e
lye x
pe r
im e n
tw
it hw r
it
te n
En
glis
h; s
in c e
t he
te x
t bo o
ks
t ha t w e s e
le c
t fo r c
la s s r o o m u s e o
fte n
fa
il to
pr o
‑v
ide a n y
t hin
g bu
ta r
tific
ia
lly c o n
tr
iv e
dc o m m u n
ic a
tiv e
ta s
ks
, E‑ M
a
ilc a n
pe r
fo r m a
v e r y I m
po r
ta n
t fu n c
tio n
in w r
itl n
gI n s
tr u c
tio n
.1.2 S
y n c
hr o n o u s a n
d As
yn c
hr o n o u s
E‑Ma
ilT h
e r e a r e
ba s
ic a
ll y tw o
fo r m s o
f E ‑Ma
ilc o m m u n
ic a
t io n : s
yn c
hr o n o u s a n
da s
yn c
hr o
‑n o u s
. Syn c
hr o n o u s
,o r
"
r e a
l‑tim e
"c o n n e c
t io n s r e
qu l r e S
pe c
ia
ls o
f tw a r e
t ha
ta
llo w s
p
a r
tic l p a n
tI n
pu
t tO
be
im m e
d ia t e
ly v
is
ible t o e v e r y o r l e
. As y n c
hr o n o u s e
le c
tr o n
ic m a
il,o n t
he o
t he r
ha n
d , in v o
lv e s e x c
ha n
ge s o
fe
le c t r o n
ic m e s s a
ge s t
ha
t do n o
to c c u r a
t t he s a m e
t im e
. T he
la
gs
be
tw e e r l W
he n a I ℃ e S S a
ge
is s e n
ta n
dw
he n
it is a c
tu a
lly r e c e
iv e
da n
dr e a
dc a n v a r y
dr a s
tic a
ll y .F
o r
fo r e l
gn
la n
gu a
ge s
tu
de n
ts
,a s y n c
hr o n o u s c o m m u n
ic a t
io n o
ft e n t a
ke s
p la c e
in t
he
f
o r m o
f E‑Ma
il pe n
‑pa
le x c
ha n
ge s
. W h ile
t he y s e e m
t,o
be e
ffe c
tiv e
t t he y
ha v e t w o m a j o r w e a
kn e s s e s :
1)
Stu
de n
ts o
f te n
do n o
tr e c e
iv e a n
im m e
d ia
te r e s p o n s e
to a n
E‑ Ma
il皿 e S S a
ge
t ha
t t he
ys e n
d to a
pe ロ
ーpa
lo r
lis
ts e r v e r
. ⅠⅢ
de e
d , t he
ys o m e
tim e s
do n o
t ge
tr e s p o n s e s
to
t he
ir m e s s a
ge s a
ta
ll, 1e a v l n
g tll e m e x
tr e m e
ly fr u s
tr a
te
d ,a n
dr a
is l n
gt
he
ir a
f fe c
tiv e
filte r s e v e n
h ighe r
. 2)
Pe
'n
‑pa
le x c
ha n
ge s o
fte n
la c
ka c
le a r
pu r
po s e
, le a v i n
g t he s
tu
de n
ts w
it hv e r y
litt
le
to
d is c u s s w
it
he a c
ho t
he r
. W he n
t h is
ha
pp e n s
,s
tl l
de n
ts
fin
d it dif fic tl
lt to
fo c u s
,
a n
do
f te r l
lo s e
in
te r e s
t .T h i
s
ye a r
,w e
be
ga n e x
pe r
im e n
tin
gw
it ha s y n c
hr o n o u s
E‑Ma
ile x c
ha n
ge s
t hr o u
g h La
tr o
be
Un
iv e r s
ity
's
E‑Ma
il lis
ts e r v e r
. Ea c
hs
tu
de n
t in t
he
Fr e s
hm a n c
la s s s u
bs c r
ibe
d to
t he
"
G
e n e r a
l D is c u s s
io l l
"
li
s
t. Hu n
dr e
ds o
fD o n
‑n a t
iv e
Erl
g lis
hs
pe a
ke r s
fr o m a
llo v e r t
he w o r
ld ha v e s u
bs c r
i be
d to
t h is
lis
ts e r v e r
,a n
d da
ily
E‑Ma
ilm e s s a
ge
tr a
f fic
ha s
be e n e x
tr e m e
l y he a v
y . Alt ho u
g h t he o v e r w
he
lm l n
gm a
]O r l
t yO
fo u r s t u
de n
ts e n j o y e
d pa r
tic
i‑ pa
ti n
gl n
t h is
pr o
je c
t , t he y w e r e o
ft e n
dis a
p po
in
te
dw
he n
t he
ir m e s s a
ge s w e r e n o
ta n
‑s w e r e
d pr o m
p t lyo r
t he s u
bje c
ts
dis c u s s e
do n
t he
lis
tr e m a
in e
do n a v e r y s u
pe r
fic
ia
l le v e
ュ. Itw a s c
le a r
t ha
tw e
ha
d to s e a r c
h fo r m o r e a
pp r o
pr i a
te W a
ys
fo r s
tu
de rl
tS
tO m a
ke u s e o
f t h is e s s e n
tia
ln e w m e
d ia
. Ar e e x a m
ill a
tio l l 0
f t he
pr o c e
du r e s u s e
d ha s
g
l V e Ⅲ m e S e v e r a
lH e w
ide a s
fo r
im
pr o v e m e n
t .1 .3 S
o m e
Wa y s t o
Ma
ke
Be t t e r
Us e o
r E‑Ma
ilU
n
do u
b te
d l y,t
he
be s
tw a y o
fm a
k in
gu s e o
f E‑Ma
ilw o u
ld be
to e x p e r
im e n
tw
it ha
w
ide r a n
ge o
f bo t
h k in
ds o
f E‑Ma
il. W h ile s y n c
hr o n o u s s y s
te m s s e e m
to
ha v e m o r e
T h e A p pl
ic a t i o n o f N e
wE d u c a t i o n a l M e d i a i n t h e E n g l i s h P r o g r a m a t T N C
17 9m e r
it in
ge n e r a
l ,I fe e
l t ha
tw e c a n a
ls o
be s u c c e s s
fu
lw
it ha s
yn c
hr o n o u s
E‑Ma
il ifw e
r e m e m
be r
to :
1)
ge
tm u
lt
ip le
pe n
‑pa
ls
fo r e a c
ho
fo u r s
tu
de n
ts ; a n
d 2) c o n
du c
te x
‑c
ha n
ge s w
it ho t
he r c
la s s e s
in
fo r e l
gn C O u n
tr
ie s
in s
te a
do 二
Fjo
in l n
g lis
ts e r v e r
‑t y pe
dis c u s
‑s
io n
lis
ts
. I f t h is
is
do n e
,s
tu
de n t s w
ill ha v e p
le n t
yo
fc
ha n c e s
fo r
in
te r e s
tl n
ga n
dm e a n l n
g fu
l in
te r a c
tio n s w
it hn a
tiv e a n
dn o n
‑n a t
iv e s
pe a
l( e r s w
it ho u
t t he o v e r w
he
lm l n
ga r 1 0 n y m l
ty O
fa
lis
ts e r v e
dis c u s s
io n
gr o u
p .Si
m u
l ta n e o u s e x c
ha n
ge s o
f in
fo r m a t
io n
‑‑w
he t
he r o c c u m n
gw
it hin
T NC 's
L A No r e x
‑t e r n a
lly t
hr o u
g ha
M O O( a n e
le c
tr o n
ic
fa c
ility
fo r r e a
l‑t
im e
dis c u s s
io n a n
ds
im u
la
‑ tio n
トpr o v
ide a
h ig h de
gr e e
in
tr
in s
ic m o t
iv a
tio n
t ha t e n c o u r a
ge s s
tu
de n
ts
to w r
it e
.U
s
in
g te
ln e
t ,s
tu
de n
ts c a n
pa r
tic
ipa
te
in a
M O Oc a
lle
d "s c
h M O Oz e u n
iv e r s
ity
" t ha
t is s
pe c
ia
lly
de s
ign e
d fo r n o n
‑n a
tiv e s
pe a
k in
gs
tu
de n t s o
f En
glis
ha n
dt
he
ir
te a c
he r s
・ So
f
a r
,t e a c
he r s a n
ds
tu
de n t s
t ha
t ha v e
pa r
t ic i
pa
te
d in
itc
・1a
im t
ha
t it is v e r y e
ffe c
tiv e
.S
y n c
hr o n o u s e x c
ha n
ge s o
f in
fo r m a t
io n w
it
h in
T N C 's
L A Na
pp e a r
to
be
po s s
ib le o n
ly
ifs p e c
ia
ls o
f tw a r e
pa c
ka
ge s s u c
ha s t
he
"
D
a e
da
lu s
In t
曙r a t e
d Wr
it in
g En v
ir o n m e n
t"(
D I W E)
pr o v e
to
be
fin a n c
ia
ll yv
ia
ble
. D I W E ha s
be e n ≡ ; u c c e s s
fu
lly a
do
p te
d fo r u s e
in w r
itl n
gC
la s s e s a t
Na n z a n
Un
iv e r s l
ty l n
Na
go y a a n
d G ifu
Un
iv e r s l t y
in
G ifu
. I ha v e a s
ke
d pe r m
is s
io n
fr o m
t he
En
g lis
h de
pa r t h l e n
tS O
f bo
t hu n
iv e r s
it
ie s
to e x a m
in e
t he s o
f tw a r e
in t
he n e a r
fu t u r e
.2.0 H
y p e r m e
dia
‑ba s e
d Co m
pu t e r
As s
is t e
d La n
gu a
ge
Le a r I ‑ 1 n
gT h
r o u
g h ye a r s o
fe x
pe r
ie n c e a s a c
la s s r o o m t e a c
he r
, I ha v e o
bs e r v e
d t ha
ts t u
de n t s p r o
gr e s s t
hr o u
g ht
he m a t e r
ia
lp r e s e n
te
d du r l n
gC
la s s e s a
t d iffe r e n t r a t e s
,
m a
k in
g it
n e c e s s a r y
fo r t
he
in s t r u c t o r
to
pr o v
i de
in
div
idu a
liz e
d in s t r u c
tio n t o t
ho s e w
ho 皿 a y n o
t be a
ble
to u n
de r s
ta n
d t he c o n
te n
to
fa
pa r
tic u
la r
le c t u r e o r p r e s e n
ta
tio n
. Sin c e c
la s s
‑r o o m t
im e
is s o
lim
it e
d , pr o v
id in
gt u t o r
ia
ls e r v
ic e s t o
in
d iv
i du a
ls
tu
de n
ts w
ho
ha v e
f
a
lle n
be
h in
ds
ho u
l d be m
in
im
iz e
d to t
he e x
te n
t t ha t
t his
is
po s s
ib le
. On e o
f t he
be s
t to o
ls a v a
ila
b le
fo r m
in
im
iz i n
g t he a m o u n
to
ft u t o r
ia
lo n e
‑to
‑o n e s
tu
de n
t‑te a c
he r
in
te r
‑a c t
io n
in t
he c
la s s r o o m
is
to p r o v
ide
Co m
pu
te r
As s
is t e (
i La ll
gu a
ge
Le a r n
in
g(
C A L L)s o
ftw a r e
t ha t s
tu
de n t s c a n u s e a
t t he
ir o w n
pa c e
.I
n
t he
fo r m o
f dr
ill‑a n
d‑pr a c
tic e
pr o
gr a m s
,c o m
pu
te r
‑ba s e
d in s
tr u c t
io n
ha s
be e n
a r o u n
d fo r a
lo n
g tim e
. Un
fo r
tu n a
te
l y,m a n
yo
lde r
C A 士o r
CA L L pr o
gr a m s t
ha t
l ha v e s e e n o r u s e
dw e r e
lit tle
be
t te r
t ha n
te x
tbo o
ks
be c a u s e t
he
ir
pr e s e n t a
tio n w a s
do n e w
it
h‑o u t
to
da
y'
s
gr a
p h ic a
lu s e r
in
te r
fa c e
,a n
d it didn o
t pr o v
ide a c c e s s
to
t he
pi c t u r e s
,m o v
‑ ie s
,a n
ds o u n
ds o
f to
da y
'
s c o m
pu
te r s
. W hile t
he e a r
ly
C A L Lp r o
gr a m s m a
y ha v e
ha
d t he
ir u s e a s
dr
ill‑a n
d ‑pr a c t
ic e
pr o
gr a m s
,t
he y w e r e
in
he r e n
tly
lim
ite
d by t
he
ir
in a
b ilit y t o c o n v e y t
he c o n t e x t
in w
h ic
h t he
la n
gu a
ge w a s
be
in
gu s e
d . Re c e n
tly
, ho w e v e r
, t he c o m p u t e r
ha s
be e n a
ble t o o
f fe r u s a u
d io v
is u a
lm e
d ia t
ha
t im m e n s e
l ye n
ha n c e a n
de n
‑r
ic
h t he
le a r n i n
gp r o c e s s
b y pr o v
idin
gs t u
de n t s w
it
ht
h.