日本語学習者と読解教材のインタラクションの解明に向けた縦断的調査 : PAC分析を研究手法として

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(1)ᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪ߣ⺒⸃ᢎ᧚ߩࠗࡦ࠲࡜࡚ࠢࠪࡦߩ ⸃᣿ߦะߌߚ❑ᢿ⊛⺞ᩏ —㧼㧭㧯ಽᨆࠍ⎇ⓥᚻᴺߣߒߡ— ਣጊ ජ᱌࡮ዊỈ દਭ⟤. ‫⇐ ޤ࠼࡯ࡢ࡯ࠠޣ‬ቇ೨‫⇐ޔ‬ቇਛ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ᧚‫ޔ‬㧼㧭㧯ಽᨆ. 㧝㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ ᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪ߩ㑐ᔃ߇ᣣᧄ␠ળ࡮ᣣᧄᢥൻߦะ޿ ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ޿ߎߣ߆ࠄ‫߈ᦠޔ‬ਅࠈߒᢎ᧚ߦߒߡ߽↢ᢎ᧚ߦߒߡ߽ᣣᧄ ␠ળ߿ᢥൻ㑐ଥߩ㗴᧚ࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ޿‫ޕ‬ਛߦߪࠬ࠹࡟ࠝ࠲ࠗࡊ⊛ߥᭂ ┵ߥᖱႎ߇⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ᧚߽޽ࠅ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔ‬ᢎ᧚ߦࠃߞߡቇ⠌ ⠪߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߥᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌࠆߩ߆ࠍ⸃᣿ߔࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߦࠬ࠹࡟ࠝ࠲ࠗ ࡊ⊛ߥᣣᧄ௝߇ឬ߆ࠇߚᢎ᧚ࠍᛒ߁ᔅⷐߦㄼࠄࠇߚᢎᏧߦߣߞߡ‫ޔ‬᝼ᬺߩ ዷ㐿ࠍ⠨߃ࠆ਄ߢ߽㊀ⷐߥ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ቇ⠌⠪߇᝼ᬺߦ⥃߻એ೨ ߩ੍⠌ߥߤߢ୘ੱߣߒߡᢎ᧚ߦធߔࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ቇ⠌⠪ ߇᝼ᬺᵴേߩਛߢߤߩࠃ߁ߥⴕേࠍߣࠅ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ᕁ⚝ࠍߒ‫߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ ߥࡕࡁࠧ࠻ߣߩࠗࡦ࠲࡜࡚ࠢࠪࡦࠍߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠍ⸃᣿ߔࠆߛߌߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬ቇ ⠌⠪୘ੱߣᢎ᧚ߣߩࠗࡦ࠲࡜࡚ࠢࠪࡦ߽⸃᣿ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ ࠆ‫⸃⺒ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬ᢎ᧚߇⊒ାߔࠆᖱႎ߇‫ޔ‬ቇ⠌⠪୘ੱߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥㅪᗐ ࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߒ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ߿ᣣᧄੱ߳ߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߩᒻᚑߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆߩ߆‫ޔ‬ ߹ߚߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⺒⸃ᢎ᧚߇⊒ାߔࠆᖱႎߩฃߌᱛ߼ᣇߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ⠌⠪ߩዻᕈߦ ࠃߞߡߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⇣ߥࠆ߆ࠍ⸃᣿ߔࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ᧚૞ᚑ࡮ᢎ᧚ㆬᛯ࡮᝼ᬺ ㆇ༡ߦ᦭↪ߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᤓ੹‫ޔ‬ᢎ⑼ᦠ߿ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߦ߅ߌࠆ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ኻ⽎ߩឬ߆ࠇᣇ߇‫ߺ⺒ޔ‬ᚻߦኻ ߒߡ໧㗴ߩ޽ࠆࡔ࠶࠮࡯ࠫࠍㅍߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ᗧ⼂࡮ᛕ್ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥ ߞߚߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒ߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬㊁ํઁ㧔2001㧕ߥߤߢߩ⼏⺰߇⋓ࠎ ߦߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫⑔ߚ߹ޔ‬᳗ઁ㧔2004㧕߿㙚ጟઁ(2005)ߩࠃ߁ߥ‫ޔ‬ቇ⠌⠪ߩቇ߮ ߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓ⸃᣿ߚ߼ߩ⎇ⓥ߽ᆎ߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜ߇࠹࡯ࡑߣߔࠆ㗔ၞ. 䋭㪈㪇㪈䋭.

(2) ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣇᴺ⺰߇⏕┙ߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߚ߼ߦ⸥ㅀ⊛࡮੐଀⊛ߥౝኈߦߣߤ߹ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᢎ ⢒ታ〣ߦ߅ߌࠆᜰ㊎ߩឭଏߦ߹ߢߪ⥋ߞߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ߘߎߢ‫╩ޔ‬⠪ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬ਣጊ㧔2007a‫ޔ‬2007b㧕߿ਣጊ࡮ዊỈ㧔2007‫ޔ‬2008㧕ࠍ ㅢߒ‫ޔ‬ቇ⠌⠪୘ੱߣᢎ᧚ߩࠗࡦ࠲࡜࡚ࠢࠪࡦߩ⸃᣿ߩߚ߼ߩ⎇ⓥᚻᴺߣߒ ߡ‫ޔ‬ା㗬ᕈߩ㜞޿⾰⊛⺞ᩏߩᚻᴺߢ޽ࠆPersonal Attitude Construct ಽᨆᴺ 㧔୘ੱ೎ᘒᐲ᭴ㅧ‫ޔ‬㧼㧭㧯ಽᨆᴺ㧕Kࠍ↪޿ߡᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪߇⺒ߺᢎ᧚߆ࠄ ᗵߓࠆߎߣߩಽᨆߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਣጊ㧔2007b㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆⺒⸃ᢎ᧚ߣ ቇ⠌⠪ߣߩࠗࡦ࠲࡜࡚ࠢࠪࡦߩ⸃᣿ߩߚ߼ߩ⎇ⓥᚻᴺߣߒߡߩ㧼㧭㧯ಽᨆ ᴺߩน⢻ᕈࠍᬌ⸽ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬㧼㧭㧯ಽᨆᴺ߇ᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒ߦ⽸₂ߒ߁ࠆ น⢻ᕈߦߟ޿ߡ⠨ኤߒ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪߇⺒⸃ᢎ᧚߆ࠄߤߩࠃ߁ߥᓇ㗀ࠍฃ ߌߡ޿ࠆ߆ߦߟ޿ߡ⠨ኤߒߚ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫⇐ޔ‬ቇਛߩᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪2ฬࠍኻ ⽎ߣߒߚ㧼㧭㧯ಽᨆ߆ࠄ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏදജ⠪ߩ᭽‫ߥޘ‬಴ળ޿߿⚻㛎߇‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏදജ ⠪ߩ⺒ߺߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪ߣ⺒⸃ᢎ᧚ߣߩࠗ ࡦ࠲࡜࡚ࠢࠪࡦߪቇ⠌⠪ߩ‫ޟ‬୘‫⚻ߩޠ‬㛎ߦᡰ߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ ޿߁ᗵ⸅ࠍᓧߚ‫ࠍࠇߎޕ‬ᬌ⸽ߔࠆߦߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ⠌⠪ⷐ࿃ࠍ․ቯߔࠆᚻᲑࠍᜬߜ ߥ߇ࠄ❑ᢿ⊛⺞ᩏࠍⴕߥ߁ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޔߢߎߘޕ‬ਣጊ࡮ዊỈ㧔2008㧕ߪᣣ ᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪߇⺒ߺᢎ᧚߆ࠄᗵߓࠆߎߣߩಽᨆߦขࠅ⚵߻㓙ߦ↪޿ࠆ‫ޔ‬ቇ⠌ ⠪ⷐ࿃ߩ․ቯߦะߌߚ‫ߩ࠻࡯ࠪࠬࠗࠚࡈޔ‬ᡷༀࠍឭ᩺ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ᧄⓂߪ‫ޔ‬ਣጊ࡮ዊỈ㧔2008㧕߇ឭ᩺ߒߚࡈࠚࠗࠬࠪ࡯࠻ࠍ↪޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ ቇ⠌⠪ߩ⇐ቇ೨㧔⇐ቇࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㐿ᆎᤨ㧕ߣ⇐ቇਛߦⴕߥߞߚ㧼㧭㧯ಽᨆ ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍ߽ߣߦ‫ࠆߌ߅ߦᦼᤨߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ቇ⠌⠪ߣᢎ᧚ߩࠗࡦ࠲࡜ ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߦቇ⠌⠪ߩ‫ޟ‬୘‫⇐ߡߒߘޔ߆ࠆ޿ߡࠇ⃻ߦ߁ࠃߩߤ߇ޠ‬ቇߣ޿߁‫ޔ‬ ቇ⠌⠪ߩੱ↢ߦ߅ߌࠆ಴᧪੐߇ቇ⠌⠪ߣᢎ᧚ߣߩࠗࡦ࠲࡜࡚ࠢࠪࡦߦߤߩ ࠃ߁ߥᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠍ⠨ኤߔࠆ‫ޕ‬. 㧞㧚ᣇᴺ 䋲䋮䋱㩷⺞ᩏදജ⠪ ⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߪ‫ࠕ࠾ࠕ࠮ࠝޔ‬࿾ၞii߆ࠄߩඨᐕߩ⍴ᦼ੤឵⇐ቇ↢㧔ᅚᕈ㧕ߢ ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ኾ᡹ߪᣣᧄ⺆ߣᔃℂቇߢ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌ᱧ߇㜞ᩞߢ3ᐕ㧔ㅳ4ᤨ㑆㧕‫ޔ‬ ᄢቇߢ3ᐕඨ㧔ㅳ3-5ᤨ㑆㧕޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᷰᣣᱧߪ2004ᐕߩ㑐⷏࿾ᣇ߳ߩᣏⴕ㧔1ㅳ 㑆㧕ߩߺߢ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ജߪਛ⚖࡟ࡌ࡞ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬. 䋭㪈㪇㪉䋭.

(3) 䋲䋮䋲㩷⺞ᩏ䈱ᚻ⛯䈐⺞ᩏߪ⍴ᦼ⇐ቇࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㐿ᆎ೨ߩ2009ᐕ4᦬ߣ⍴ᦼ⇐ቇࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓᦼ㑆 ਛߩ7᦬ߦ‫╩ޔ‬⠪ࠄߩ⎇ⓥቶߢ╩⠪ࠄ߇ታᣉߒߚ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏᤨ㑆ߪߘࠇߙࠇ⚂4-5 ᤨ㑆ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧼㧭㧯ߩᚻ⛯ߦᓥ޿⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࠍಽᨆߒ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏද ജ⠪߇࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ࠍೝỗߣߒߡ⊒ᗐߔࠆ߽ߩࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߣ޿߁⋡⊛ߢ⺞ ᩏࠍㅴ߼ߚ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏߪ⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߩ⸵นࠍᓧߡ‫ߦ࡯࠳࡯ࠦ࡟ࡊ࡯࠹ޔ‬㍳㖸ߒ ߚ‫⺞ߪ᧪ᧄޔߪ⺆⸒↪૶ޕ‬ᩏදജ⠪߇ᕁߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇⥄↱ߦ⴫⃻ߢ߈ࠆ ࠃ߁Უ⺆ߢⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ㆡಾߢ޽ࠆߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆKKK߇‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߪᧄੱߩᏗᦸߦ ࠃࠅ⁁ᴫߦᔕߓߡ૶↪⸒⺆ࠍㆬᛯߔࠆߎߣߣߒߚ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ‫⇐ޔ‬ቇ೨㧔ࡊ ࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㐿ᆎ೨㧕⺞ᩏߢߪ‫߇⺆⧷ޔ‬ਥߦ૶↪ߐࠇ‫⇐ޔ‬ቇਛߩ⺞ᩏߢߪਥߦ ᣣᧄ⺆߇૶↪ߐࠇߚKX‫ޕ‬ ⺞ᩏදജ⠪߇〯ࠎߛᚻ㗅ߪਣጊ㧔2007a‫ޔ‬2007b㧕ߣၮᧄ⊛ߦห᭽ߢ޽ࠆX‫ޕ‬ ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ㧼㧭㧯ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߣ৻⥸⊛ߥ㧼㧭㧯ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߩ⋧㆑ὐߪ‫ޔ‬ ᧄ⎇ⓥ߇ೝỗߔࠆ⺒⸃ᢎ᧚ࠍ↪ᗧߔࠆὐߦ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ೝỗߣߔࠆ⺒⸃ᢎ᧚ߩㆬ ቯߦ޽ߚߞߡߪ‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜ߇⺒⸃ᢎ᧚߇ቇ⠌⠪ߦਈ߃ࠆᓇ㗀ࠍⷰኤߔࠆߎߣࠍ ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ⷰޔ‬ኤߒ߿ߔߐࠍఝవߒߟߟ‫ࡊࠗ࠲ࠝ࡟࠹ࠬޔ‬ᕈߩ㜞 ޿ౝኈߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ࠍ‫ޔ‬ೝỗߣߔࠆ⺒⸃ᢥߦណ↪ߔࠆߎߣࠍၮᧄᣇ㊎ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ࠬ࠹࡟ࠝ࠲ࠗࡊᕈߩᒝߐߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫╩ޔ‬⠪ࠄߩਥⷰ⊛್ᢿࠍឃ㒰ߔࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ ᣣᧄੱߩᣣᧄ⺆ᢎᏧ10ฬߦ㧔1㧕ᣣᧄ߿ᣣᧄੱߦߟ޿ߡߩࠬ࠹࡟ࠝ࠲ࠗࡊ⊛ ߥⷐ⚛߇฽߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆߣᕁ߁߆‫ޔ‬㧔2㧕฽߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆߣᕁ߁႐ว‫߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ ߥࠬ࠹࡟ࠝ࠲ࠗࡊ߆ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ‫ⶄޔ‬ᢙߩ⺒⸃ᢎ᧚ࠍ⹏ଔߒߡ߽ࠄ޿‫ߩߘޔ‬ ⚿ᨐࠍᵴ↪ߒߡ‫╩ޔ‬⠪ࠄ2ฬ߇‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞‫ޔ‬ᢎ᧚ߩ᥉෸ᐲࠍട๧ߒㆬ ቯߒߚXK‫⺞ᧄޕ‬ᩏߢណ↪ߒߚߩߪ‫⇐ޔ‬ቇ೨↪߇⍹Ꮉઁ㧔1993㧕 ‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄ⺆2nd ࠬ ࠹࠶ࡊ‫╙ߩޢ‬19⺖ߩ‫ޟ‬㈬‫⇐ޔߢޠ‬ቇਛ↪߇ਃᶆ࡮ࡑࠣࡠࠗࡦ㧔1994㧕“An Integrated Approach to Intermediate Japanese” The Japan Timesߩ╙8⺖ߩㅦ⺒ߩ ᢥ┨‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޟ‬ᔒะ‫ࠆ޽ߢޠ‬XKK‫ޕ‬ ㅪᗐೝỗᢥߪ╩⠪ࠄ2ฬߢᬌ⸛ߒ૞ᚑߒߚ߽ߩߢ‫ߪࠇߎޟޔ‬ᄖ࿖ੱߩߚ߼ ߩᣣᧄ⺆ߩᢎ⑼ᦠߢߔ‫ߩߎߪߚߥ޽ޕ‬ᢥ┨ߦᦠ߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆᣣᧄߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ ߤ߁ᗵߓ߹ߒߚ߆‫ߩߚߥ޽ޕ‬ᗵߓߚߎߣࠍ‫ߛߊߡߒ⴫ߢࠫ࡯ࡔࠗ߿⪲⸒ޔ‬ ߐ޿‫ߪߦᤨߊᦠޕ‬ᕁ޿ߟ޿ߚ㗅ߦ‫ޔ‬㗅૏ߩ⇟ภࠍߟߌߡߊߛߐ޿‫޽ߢޠޕ‬ ࠆ‫ޕ‬. 䋭㪈㪇㪊䋭.

(4) 㧟㧚ᣣᧄߦ㑐ߔࠆࡕࡁࠧ࠻ߣߩធ⸅⁁ᴫ 㧙ࡈࠚࠗࠬࠪ࡯࠻ߩᖱႎ߆ࠄ㧙 ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਣጊ࡮ዊỈ㧔2008㧕ߦ߽ߣߠ߈‫ޔ‬ਣጊ㧔2007a‫ޔ‬2007b㧕ߢ ૶↪ߒߚࡈࠚࠗࠬࠪ࡯࠻ߩᖱႎߦ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߦ㑐ߔࠆࡕࡁࠧ࠻ߣߩធ⸅⁁ᴫߦ ߟ޿ߡߩ⾰໧ࠍᣂߚߦㅊടߒߚࡈࠚࠗࠬࠪ࡯࠻ࠍ૶↪ߒ‫ޔ‬㧼㧭㧯ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆ ࡘ࡯ߩભᙑᤨ㑆ࠍ೑↪ߒߡࡈࠚࠗࠬࠪ࡯࠻߳ߩ⸥౉ࠍଐ㗬ߒߚ‫⾰ޕ‬໧㗄⋡ ߪ‫⇐ޔ‬ቇ೨ߣ⇐ቇਛߣߢᣣᧄ࡮ᣣᧄੱߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎ߳ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߩ⚻〝‫ޔ‬ 㗫ᐲ‫ޔ‬ᖱႎߩౝኈߩᄌൻࠍㅊ߁ߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒ‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫ࠕࠖ࠺ࡔޔ‬㧔ᣂ ⡞࡮㔀⹹࡮ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻࡮TV࡮ߘߩઁ㧕‫ੱޔ‬㑆㧔ኅᣖ࡮෹ߛߜ࡮ᢎᏧ࡮ ߘߩઁ㧕‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩࠢ࡜ࠬ߳ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߩ㗫ᐲ‫ޔ‬㊀ⷐᐲ㧔㊀ⷐ㧨5㧪߆ࠄ㊀ ⷐߢߪߥ޿㧨1㧪ߩ5Ბ㓏⹏ଔ㧕ࠍ዆ߨߚ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ߇⴫1ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߘޔߚ߹ޕ‬ ߩࡈࠚࠗࠬࠪ࡯࠻ࠍ⷗ߥ߇ࠄߘߩ႐ߢ⵬⿷⾰໧⊛ߥࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬. ⴫1㩷 ᣣᧄ䈮㑐䈜䉎䊝䊉䉯䊃䈫䈱ធ⸅⁁ᴫ䈮䈧䈇䈩㩷 . ⇐ቇ೨ ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ㗫ᐲ 㧔ធ⸅ኻ⽎㧕 ᣣ࿁⒟ᐲ 㧔㔀⹹࡮68㧕. ㊀ⷐᐲ. ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ㧦ᣂ⡞࡮㔀 ⹹࡮ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶ ࠻࡮68࡮ߘߩઁ ੱ㑆㧦ኅᣖ࡮෹ߛ ㅳ࿁⒟ᐲ ߜ࡮ᢎᏧ࡮ߘߩઁ 㧔෹㆐㧦EJCVOCKN㧕. . ᣣᧄ⺆ߩࠢ࡜ࠬ ᣣᧄṛ࿷⚻㛎. . ㅳ࿁⒟ᐲ . . ⇐ቇਛ ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ㗫ᐲ 㧔ធ⸅ኻ⽎㧕 ᣣ࿁⒟ᐲ 㧔68࡮ᤋ↹࡮㖸 ᭉ㧕 ㅳ࿁⒟ᐲ 㧔෹㆐࡮ᢎᏧ⋥ ធ㧕 ㅳ࿁⒟ᐲ 0QVCRRNKECDNG. ㊀ⷐ ᐲ . . . 䋳䋮䋱㩷 ⇐ቇ೨䈱ᣣᧄ䊶ᣣᧄੱ䈮㑐䈜䉎ᖱႎ䈻䈱䉝䉪䉶䉴 ⴫1ࠍ⷗ߡࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫⇐ޔ‬ቇ೨‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏදജ⠪ߪ㔀⹹‫ߦࡆ࡟࠹ޔ‬1ᣣ1࿁⒟ ᐲࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩ߳ࠕࠖ࠺ࡔߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ធ⸅ߩ㊀ⷐᐲࠍ5Ბ㓏⹏ଔߢ4 ߣⓍᭂ⊛ߦ⹏ଔߒߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬㜞ᩞᤨઍߦᄢ㒋߆ࠄߩ੤឵⇐ቇ↢ߛߞߚᣣᧄ ੱߩ෹ੱߣ࠴ࡖ࠶࠻ߢㅳߦ2࿁⒟ᐲធ⸅߇޽ࠅ‫ੱޔ‬㑆߳ߩធ⸅ߩ㊀ⷐᐲࠍ5. 䋭㪈㪇㪋䋭.

(5) Ბ㓏⹏ଔߢ5ߣ㕖ᏱߦⓍᭂ⊛ߦ⹏ଔߒߚ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ᝼ᬺߪㅳ3࿁⒟ᐲ ޽ࠅ‫߽ߡ޿ߟߦࠇߎޔ‬㊀ⷐᐲࠍ5Ბ㓏⹏ଔߢ5ߣ㕖ᏱߦⓍᭂ⊛ߦ⹏ଔߒߚ‫ޕ‬. 䋳䋮䋲㩷 ⇐ቇਛ䈱ᣣᧄ䊶ᣣᧄੱ䈮㑐䈜䉎ᖱႎ䈻䈱䉝䉪䉶䉴 ⇐ቇਛ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏදജ⠪ߪ࠹࡟ࡆߩ߶߆ᣣᧄߩ㖸ᭉߦ1ᣣ3࿁⒟ᐲ‫ޔ‬ᤋ↹ߪ᦬ ߦ1࿁⒟ᐲࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩ߳ࠕࠖ࠺ࡔߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ធ⸅ߩ㊀ⷐᐲࠍ5Ბ㓏 ߢ5ߣ㕖ᏱߦⓍᭂ⊛ߦ⹏ଔߒߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᣣᧄੱߩ෹ੱ߿ᢎᏧߣߪㅳߦ6࿁⒟ ᐲធ⸅߇޽ࠅ‫ੱޔ‬㑆ߣߩធ⸅ߩ㊀ⷐᐲࠍ5Ბ㓏ߢ5ߣ㕖ᏱߦⓍᭂ⊛ߦ⹏ଔߒ ߚ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ᝼ᬺߪㅳ5࿁ߣ⇐ቇ೨ࠃࠅ߽ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߩ㗫ᐲ߇㜞߹ߞ ߚ߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬㊀ⷐᐲߪ5Ბ㓏ਛ3ߣૐߊߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄṛ࿷⚻㛎ߘߩ߽ߩߪ‫ޔ‬5Ბ 㓏⹏ଔਛ5ߣ㕖ᏱߦⓍᭂ⊛ߦ⹏ଔߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ࡈࠚࠗࠬࠪ࡯࠻ߦၮߠ޿ߡⴕߞߚ⵬⿷⾰໧ߩ࿁╵ߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ᝼ ᬺߪవ↢ߩᢎ߃ᣇߥߤߪᭉߒ߼ࠆ߽ߩߩ‫߇ߤࠎߣ߶ߩ࠻ࠗࡔࠬ࡜ࠢޔ‬㖧࿖ ߆ࠄߩ⇐ቇ↢ߢ‫ޔ‬ᓐࠄߩ૶↪⸒⺆߇㖧࿖⺆ߦߥߞߡߒ߹߁௑ะ߇޽ࠅ‫⺞ޔ‬ ᩏදജ⠪ߪ⹤ߦߟ޿ߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥߊߥߞߚߣ޿߁‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᐔᣣߩ ᤤ㘩߿᝼ᬺᄖߢߪࠨ࡯ࠢ࡞߿࠯ࡒࠍㅢߒߡ⍮ࠅวߞߚᣣᧄੱߣ‫ޔ‬ᐔᣣߩᤤ 㘩߿᝼ᬺᄖߩᤨ㑆ࠍ৻✜ߦㆊߏߔࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄੱߣߩ࠺࡯࠻ߣ޿߁ᣂ ߒ޿⚻㛎ࠍߔࠆߥߤߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏදജ⠪ߦߣߞߡߩ㊀ⷐᐲߦߪ‫ੱޔ‬㑆㑐 ଥߩ᭴▽ߦᚑഞߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆߇ᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬. 㧠㧚㧼㧭㧯ಽᨆࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߩ⚿ᨐߣ⠨ኤ㧝㧙⇐ቇ೨ ⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߩ⍴ᦼ⇐ቇࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㐿ᆎ೨ߩ࠺ࡦ࠼ࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߪ࿑1ߩㅢࠅ ߢ޽ࠆ‫╩ޕ‬⠪ࠄߩ✚ว⸃㉼ߪ4.4▵ߦ␜ߔ߇‫⾗ߩߘޔ‬ᢱߣߥߞߚ⺞ᩏදജ ⠪ߩ⊒⹤ౝኈࠍ4.1ޯ4.3▵ߦਣጊ㧔2007a‫ޔ‬2007b㧕ߣห᭽ߦน⢻ߥ㒢ࠅߘ ߩ߹߹ឝタߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ญ㗡⴫⃻ߪߘߩ߹߹ߣߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᢥᴺ਄ߩ⺋ࠅߪୃᱜߒߡ ␜ߔ‫ޠ ޟޕ‬ౝߪᵈ㧡ߦ␜ߒߚᚻ㗅㧔3㧕ߢ⺞ᩏදജ⠪߇ࠞ࡯࠼ߦᦠ߈ㄟ ࠎߛౝኈߢ‫ޔ‬㧔㧕ౝߪ⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߩ⊒⹤ౝኈࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߚ߼ߦᔅⷐߛߣ ᕁࠊࠇࠆ⵬⿷ᖱႎࠍ╩⠪ࠄ߇ട╩ߒߚㇱಽߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬. 䋭㪈㪇㪌䋭.

(6) ࿑1㩷 ⇐ቇ䊒䊨䉫䊤䊛㐿ᆎ೨䈱⺞ᩏදജ⠪䈱䊁䉨䉴䊃䈎䉌ᗵ䈛䉎ᣣᧄ䈱䉟䊜䊷䉳. 㧨ฦ㗄⋡ߩౝኈ㧪㧔 )ౝߩ╓ภߪන⁛ߢߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫ 4:Seems like the Japanese people drink for relaxation more than leisure.(0)10:It seems that people in foreign countries also invite their colleagues to drinks after work (+) ,9:Promoting drinking,(0) 1:Drink too much is unhealthy.(-),2:I too, have woken up the next day with a headache after drinking too much. It was such painful experience. I don’t see why people still do it.(-) 6:Does that mean young people in Japan drink less?, (0) 8: Do they drink very often? (0), 3: Alcohol plays an important part in human social relations in Japanese society.(+), 5: I have heard that people speak the truth after drinking(0)., 7:Is it impolite to refuse an invitation to drink?(0). 䋴䋮䋱㩷⺞ᩏදജ⠪䈮䉋䉎䉪䊤䉴䉺䊷䈱⸃㉼䉪䊤䉴䉺䊷䋱䈮䈧䈇䈩㧔ࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯1ߪ“Seems like the Japanese people drink for relaxation more than leisure.” “It seems that people in foreign countries also invite their colleagues to drinks after work”“Promoting drinking”ߩ3㗄⋡ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧕 ߿ߞ߬ࠅ޽ߩ೨ߦ‫ߩ޽ޔ‬ᢥߦᦠ޿ߡ޿ࠆઃ߈ว޿㈬ߪ‫߅߆ࠎߥޔ‬㈬ߣ⡯. 䋭㪈㪇㪍䋭.

(7) ႐ ߣ ੱ ߚ ߜ ߇ ߟ ߥ ߇ ߞ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ᗵ ߓ ‫ ࠅ ߬ ߞ ߿ ޕ‬ᣣ ᧄ ߢ ‫ ޔ ߩ ޽ ޔ‬working environment seems quite stressful. So then after work, like, maybe a more senior.... senior person maybe ask like the ␠ຬߩ⠨߃‫ޟ‬㘶ߺߦⴕ߈߹ߖࠎ߆‫ޠ‬like for their hard work, for their day. I think it’s also common now that, in other countries like XXXXKKK, that they also do that, but... but it is more, more out of leisure rather than you have worked hard today, so let’s go relax, or.... yeah. It’s more like, ઀੐ ߇⚳ࠊߞߡ߽‫ߚ߹ޔߩ޽ޔ‬ઃ߈ว޿ߚ޿ᗵߓ‫ ޕ‬㧔‫઀ޟ‬੐߇⚳ࠊߞߡ߽߹ߛ ઃ߈ว޿ߚ޿ᗵߓ‫ߪޠ‬ᣣᧄߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬XXX㧕‫ޕ‬ઃ߈ว޿㈬ߪ߅㈬ߣ⡯႐ߣ ੱߚߜ߇ߟߥ߇ߞߡࠆᗵߓ߇ߔࠆ‫ޔߢޕ‬ᣣᧄߢߪworking environment is stressful so then after work, maybe a senior person like, ߥࠎߛࠈ߁‫ޔ‬ask for drinking. ␠ຬߦ‫ޔ‬㘶ߺߦⴕ߈߹ߖࠎ߆‫ޕ‬XXX߽ߘ߁ߔࠆߌߤ‫ޔ‬it’s more leisure. ߥࠎ߆઀੐એᄖߩ⹤߽ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄߢ‫߁޿߁ߘޔߩ޽ޔ‬ઃ߈ว޿㈬ߪ‫ߣ߶ޔ‬ ࠎߤߩዬ㈬ደߦⴕ߈߹ߔ߆ߨ‫ޕ‬XXXߢߪ߿ߞ߬ࠅࠬࡐ࡯࠷ࡃ࡯ߣ߆ࡄࡉߣ ߆‫߁޿߁ߘޔ‬ዬ㈬ደ‫߆ࠎߥޔ‬XXXߦ߽޽ࠆߌߤ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ੱ߇߶ߣࠎߤⴕ߆ߥ ޿ߨix‫ޕ‬㧔ߎߩ3㗄⋡߆ࠄࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߔࠆߩߪ㧕␠㐳ߣ߆߇␠ຬߦ‫ߞ⺃ߩ޽ޔ‬ ߡ޿ߡ‫ޔߛࠎߥޔߥࠎߺߡߒߘޔ‬㘶ߺㆊ߉ߡ‫ߥࠎߺޔ‬㈮ߞߡࠆᗵߓ‫␠ޕ‬㐳 ߪ50ᱦߋࠄ޿‫␠ߡߒߘޔ‬ຬߪ20ઍ߆30ઍߩੱ߇޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧔ߺࠎߥߩ㗻ߪ㧕 ర᳇ߦ╉ߞߡ޿ࠆᗵߓ‫ޕ‬㧔ࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߪ㧕߿ߞ߬ࠅ↵ߩੱ‫ޕ‬㧔ᤨ㑆⊛ߦߪ㧕9 ᤨඨ߆10ᤨߋࠄ޿߆ߥ‫ޕ‬㧔⌕ߡ޿ࠆ᦯ߪ㧕ࠪࡖ࠷ߣ࠲ࠗ‫ޕ‬㧔ᐫౝߢߪ㧕ᄢ ߈޿ჿߢ╉ߞߡ޿ߡ‫ࠅߚߒࠍ⹤ޔ‬᱌ࠍ᱌ߞߚࠅ㧔ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧕. 䉪䊤䉴䉺䊷䋲䈮䈧䈇䈩㧔ࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯2ߪ “Drink too much is unhealthy.” “I too, have woken up the next day with a headache after drinking too much. It was such painful experience. I don’t see why people still do it.”ߩ2㗄⋡ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧕 ߿ߞ߬ࠅߥࠎ߆ህߥᗵߓ‫ޔߪߩ߁޿ߡߞ޿ߟ߈ޔߣߞ߃ޕ޿ߟ߈ޔߡߒߘޕ‬ ߃ߞߣ‫ޔ‬㘶ߺㆊ߉ߡ‫⁁ޔ߆ࠎߥߩ޽ޔ߆ߣ޿ߤࠎߒޔߩ޽ߡߒߘޔ‬ᘒߢߔ ߆㧫⁁ᘒࠍߤࠎߤࠎᖡߊߥࠆ࡮࡮࡮ߞߡ޿߁ᗵߓ‫ޕ‬㧔ህߥᗵߓߣ޿߁ߩߪ㧕 ߿ߞ߬ࠅߘߩ‫ޔߩ޽ޔ‬ฯ߈᳇߇ߔࠆ㧔ߎߣ㧕‫߆ࠎߥߡߒߘޕ‬૗߆㘩ߴߚߊ ߡ‫ో߽ߢޔ‬ὼ㘩ߴࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޔߩ޽ޔࠄ߆ࠇߘޕ‬⠉ᣣߦ‫ߩߘߛ߹ߩ޽ޔ‬ ㈬ߩ๧ࠍ߹ߛߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߇ߩߤߦ‫ޔ‬ญߦ߽‫ޔ‬you can still taste....߁ࠎ‫ޕ‬㧔ࠗ ࡔ࡯ࠫߔࠆߎߣߪ㧕ࠊߚߒߩ߅ῳߐࠎߪ‫ޔ߆ࠎߥޔ߁߽੹ޔ‬retire? Retirement..... 䋭㪈㪇㪎䋭.

(8) ߘࠇߢᲤᣣ‫߆ࠎߥޔࠅߚ⷗ࠍࡆ࡟࠹ޔߩ޽ޔ‬ᤤߏ㘵߽‫ߏ᥅ߩ޽ޔߣ࡯߃ޔ‬ 㘵߽‫ޔߩ޽ޔ‬㘩੐ߩߣ߈߅㈬ࠍ㘶ࠎߢ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᲤᣣᲤᣣߘ߁ߒߡ‫ޔߩ޽ޔ‬ ߢ߽‫ߩ޽ޔ‬1᧰ߒ߆㘶ߺ߹ߖࠎߢߔߌߤ‫߽ߟ޿ߩ޽ޔ‬㘶ࠎߛ޽ߣߢ‫ޔ߆ࠎߥޔ‬ ߃࡯ߣ‫ޔ‬reasoning‫߅߆ߣߒߚࠊޔߣߞ߃ߩ޽ޔ‬Უߐࠎߣੱ↢ߩ޿ࠈ޿ࠈߥ‫ޔ‬ ߥࠎ߆‫ޕߔߢࠎߚߡߒ⹤ޔ‬㧔⹤ߩౝኈߪ㧫㧕‫ߘޠޔߪ߈ߣ޿⧯ߪߒߚࠊޟ‬ ߁޿߁ᗵߓ‫ࠍ޿߬ߞ޿ޔߩ޽ߡߒߘޕ‬㘶ࠎߢ‫ࠎ߁⸒ߡߞޠࠎ߆ޟޔߩ޽ޔ‬ ߢߔ߆㧫޽ߩ‫∛ޔ‬᳇ߦߥࠆࠎߢߔࠃߨ‫ߣ޿ߥߊࠃߪࠇߘޕ‬ᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޔߩ޽ޕ‬ ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߣߒߡߪ‫ࠅ߬ߞ߿ޔ‬㤥޿‫ޔߩ޽ޔ‬࿕ߊߥࠆ‫∛ߩ޽ޔ‬᳇ߥ࡮࡮࡮߁ ࠎ‫ޠࠎ߆ޟޕ‬ᔃ⤳‫ޔޔ‬ᔃ⤳ߓ߾ߥߊߡ‫ޔ‬⢄⤳‫ޕ‬㧔ߘߩࠃ߁ߦ߅ῳߐࠎ߇߅ ㈬ࠍ㘶ࠎߢ޿ࠆߣ߈ߩⷞⷡ⊛ߥࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߪ㧕࡮࡮࡮ߜࠂߞߣⶄ㔀ߥᗵߓ‫ޕ‬ ߢ‫ޔߥ߆߁޿߁ߤޔ‬ᄞਛߥᗵߓߢ‫ޔ‬૗߆‫޿߬ߞ޿ޔߣ࡯߃ޔࠍ⹤ޔߩ޽ޔ‬ ⹤ߒߚߌߤ‫߆ࠎߥޔ‬૗߇⹤ߒߚ޿߆㧔⺞ᩏදജ⠪ࠄ⡞޿ߡ޿ࠆ஥߇㧕ࠃߊ ࠊ߆ࠄߥ߆ߞߚ‫߁⸒ߡߞޔࠎ࡯߁ޕ‬ᗵߓ‫ޕ‬㧔߅Უߐࠎߪ߅ῳߐࠎߩⴕേࠍ㧕 ߥࠎ߆‫ޔ‬ሶଏߞ߸޿ߩⴕേߣ߆㧔ߣᕁ޿ߥ߇ࠄ⷗ߡ޿ࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬㧔⺞ᩏදജ⠪ ߪ߅ῳߐࠎࠍ⷗ߡ޿ߡ㧕߿ߞ߬ࠅ߅ῳߐࠎߪ㈬߇ᄢᅢ߈ߢߔ㧔ߣᕁ߁㧕‫ޕ‬. 䉪䊤䉴䉺䊷䋳䈮䈧䈇䈩㧔ࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯3ߪ“Does that mean young people in Japan drink less?” “Do they drink very often?” “Alcohol plays an important part in human social relations in Japanese society.” “I have heard that people speak the truth after drinking.” “Is it impolite to refuse an invitation to drink?”ߩ5㗄⋡ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧕 ߥࠎ߆‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄੱߩᢥൻ‫ᦨޔߪ⋡⇟৻ޕߨߔߢ࡮࡮ࠎ߁ޔ‬ㄭߩ⧯޿ੱߩ㑆 ߢߪ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߣ⥄ಽߩ↢ᵴࠍߪߞ߈ࠅ඙೎ߒߡ‫߁޿߁ߘޔࠄ߆ߛޔ‬ᗧ๧㧔ઃ ߈ว޿㈬ࠍ㘶߻ᗧ๧㧕ߪ૗ߢߔ߆ߞߡ‫ߣޔ‬⠨߃ߡ‫⾰ߩߘޔ‬໧߇‫ޕ࡮࡮࡮ߣߞࠂߜޔ‬ ᦨᓟߩᢿࠆ‫ޔ‬ᢿࠆߩ੹߶ߣࠎߤ޿߹ߖࠎߢߔࠃߨ‫ߒ߽ޕ‬ᐕ਄ߩੱ⡞߆ࠇߡ‫ޔ‬ ᢿࠆߣᄬ␞ߛߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕߔ߹߈ⴕߡ޿ߟޔࠄ߆ߛޕ‬㧔⺒ࠎߢ޿ࠆߣ߈ߦ ⷞⷡൻߒߚࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߪ㧕߶ߣࠎߤߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧔᳇᷷ߢࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߔࠆߣ㧕ߜࠂߞ ߣኙ޿ᗵߓߒߡࠆ‫ޕ‬XXXߩߥࠎ߆‫ޔ‬5᦬߆ߥ‫ޟޔߩ޽޿ߏߔߩ߽ޕ‬ᥧ޿‫ޕޠ‬ ޽‫ޔ‬ᥧ޿ߓ߾ߥ޿‫“ޕ‬Grey”‫ޕ‬XXXߦ‫߽ߢߟ޿ߥࠎߺޔ‬㘶ࠎߢ߹ߔߨ‫ޕ‬㧔⺞ ᩏදജ⠪⥄りߪߘߩቄ▵ߦߪ㧕5᦬ߦߪ‫ޔ‬෰ᐕߩ‫⺰ޔߩ޽ޔ‬ᢥ⎇ⓥߩ޿ࠈ޿ ࠈ‫ޔߩ޽ޔ‬researchߒߡ޿߹ߒߚߨ‫޿ߏߔޕ‬ኙ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᄤ᳇ߪ‫࡮࡮ࠎ࡯߁ޔ‬ ߁ࠎ‫ޕߔߢߚߞ߆ߥߊࠃޕ‬㔎߇㒠ߞߚࠅ‫ޔࠎ࡯߁ޕ߁ߘޕ‬㔐߽㒠ߞߡ߹ߒ. 䋭㪈㪇㪏䋭.

(9) ߚߨ‫߆ࠎߥޔߦ⑺ࠅ߬ߞ߿ޕ‬㔎߇޿ߞ߬޿㒠ߞߡ߹ߔߨ‫ޕ‬. 䋴䋮䋲㩷⺞ᩏදജ⠪䈮䉋䉎䉪䊤䉴䉺䊷㑆䈱㑐ଥ 䉪䊤䉴䉺䊷䋱䈫䋲䈱㑐ଥ䈮䈧䈇䈩㧔౒ㅢὐߪ㧕ߥ޿ߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬㆑߁ὐߪ‫ޔ‬2⇟⋡ߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ‫ޔߩ޽ޔ‬㘶ߺㆊ߉ ࠆߦߟ޿ߡ‫߁޿߁ߘߩ޽ޔߡ޿ߟߦߣߎߩޔ‬⠨߃ߢߔߌߤ‫࡯࡞ࠣޔߩ޽ޔ‬ ࡊ1ߪߚ߱ࠎߺࠎߥㆡᒰߥ‫ޔࠎ߱ߚޔߨ߁ߘ࡮࡮࡮ߩ޽ޔ‬one glass or two, not over drinking too much.. Promoting drinking....most of the.... I think I saw on TV. in Japan that advertisement, like they have like, they show standard.... standard drinks, like how much you’re supposed to have of this product.... that the product that they’re advertizing. So if it’s beer or wine, they will have a standard amount saying you shouldn’t drink over this amount. But I don’t think XXX had, or YYYx like.... They’ll just tell you, drinking this is cool. But not so promoting it in a safe way so that people don’t over drink.. 䉪䊤䉴䉺䊷䋲䈫䋳䈱㑐ଥ䈮䈧䈇䈩 The third group is more about how, the way the Japanese people drink. But the second one is more about generally.... the people in general, I think. Second one is more about health.... the health aspect of drinking. But third one is more about drinking.... I think drinking as in a㧔vent ? ⡞߈ขࠇߕ㧕 how they act as like.... act as a connection or a 㧔vent ? ⡞߈ขࠇߕ㧕 That connects people. ߎࠇߪ㔍 ߒ޿ߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬. 䉪䊤䉴䉺䊷䋳䈫䋱䈱㑐ଥ䈮䈧䈇䈩㧔౒ㅢὐߪ㧕߁࡯ࠎ࡮࡮࡮߿ߪࠅߘߩconnection.... ߃࡯ߞߣ࡮࡮࡮߁࡯ࠎ‫ޕ‬ 㧔30⑽ᖠ߻㧕maybe cultural aspects of drinking. 㧔⋧㆑ὐߪ㧕߁࡯ࠎ‫ޕ‬ಽ߆ࠅ ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬. 䋳䈧䈱䉪䊤䉴䉺䊷䈱㑐ଥ䈮䈧䈇䈩 They’re all negatives. I personally, I don’t really drink. I think a lot of people are drinking....drinking for the sake of drinking, and not because they like the alcohol. But.... yeah I think it’s becoming a social event rather than an enjoyment.. 䋭㪈㪇㪐䋭.

(10) 䋴䋮䋳㩷 ⵬⿷⾰໧ 㩷 ”Seems like the Japanese people drink for relaxation more than leisure.”: ߿ߞ߬ࠅ઀੐ߩ޽ߣߢ‫ޔߩ޽ޔ‬ዬ㈬ደߣ߆‫ޔ‬㘶ߺߦⴕߊߎߣߢߔߨ‫ߘޕ‬ ࠇߪ‫ޔ‬relaxationߣ޿߁ߎߣߛߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޔ߽ߢޕ‬leisureߣ޿߁ߩߪ‫ޔߩ޽ޔ‬ ଀߃߫‫⟤߇ߒߚࠊޔߣ࡯߃ޔ‬๧ߒ޿ࡢࠗࡦࠍ⾈ߞߚ߆ࠄ‫߆ࠎߥޔ‬㘶ߺߦ‫ޔ‬ ߥࠎ߆㘶ߺ߹ߖࠎ߆ߣ߆‫߇޿⺃߁޿ߣޔ‬leisureߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫⺞(ޕ‬ᩏදജ⠪ߩ ࿖ߢ෹㆐ߣ༛⨥ᐫߢ㘶ߺߥ߇ࠄ⹤ࠍߔࠆߩߪ)ࠊߚߒߪ‫߇࡯ࡅ࡯ࠦޔߩ޽ޔ‬ ᄢᅢ߈߆ࠄ‫ߡߞߣߦߒߚࠊޔ‬leisureߢߔ‫ߩߘޔ߆ࠎߥޕ‬਄ߦ෹㆐ߣ⹤ߖࠆ࡮࡮࡮ ߁ࠎ‫ޕ‬㧔ࠬࡐ࡯࠷ࡃ࡯ߢ㘶ࠎߢࠆߩߪ㧕ࠬࡐ࡯࠷ࡃ࡯ߢ‫ࠅߪ߿ޔߩ޽ޔ‬෹ ㆐ߣ৻✜ߦ޽ߩ‫⹜ޔ‬วࠍⷰߦⴕߞߡ‫ࠍ࡞࡯ࡆ࡮࡮ࠎ߁ޔ‬㘶ߺߥ߇ࠄ⹜วࠍ ⷗ࠆ࡮࡮࡮ߘࠇߪLeisure߆ߥ‫ޕ‬For me, ߁࡯ࠎ‫ߢ߁ߘޔࠎ࡯߁ޔߪߒߚࠊޔ‬ ߔߨ‫ޕ‬Because.... because it was written here more about, about drinking after work.... and I’m sure there are a lot of Japanese people heard like the alcohol itself, so they drink a lot of what they like, because they like the taste, or something... But because it was mainly.... mainly talked about ઃ߈ว޿㈬. So I just got the image that most... like they often go to drinking, or like restaurants and ዬ㈬ደwith their colleagues, so I don’t.... it felt more like it was attached to their work, rather than their own lifestyle... yeah. Unless you and your colleague.... you.... you have other interactions other than in the work place, say they might become friends and they play golf or something. But if it’s just work and drinking and nothing else, maybe it’s more of a relaxation. “It seems that people in foreign countries also invite their colleagues to drink after work.”: I think it happens, but maybe not as often as in Japan. Yeah.... because I don’t think the working environment is as stressful. Yeah.... “Promoting drinking”. Just the feeling that I got found that I have to go. Yeah. It’s.... I thought it was another way of saying, like.... ߤ߁⸒߁࡮࡮saying.... that drinking connects people together, so in the way of having good relations with other people maybe also involves drinking. ( ⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߩpromotingߣ޿߁⺆߇␜ߔᗧ๧ߪ) Because some people do think drinking is bad for you. But in this article it doesn’t really. 䋭㪈㪈㪇䋭.

(11) say that, it was promoting it as a social thing for people. Yeah.... Of course it has warnings like don’t drink and drive, but it doesn’t necessarily say drinking is bad. “Drinking too much is unhealthy”: I think it’s straight forward. “I too have woken up the next day.......”: I was thinking, drinking to much sort of, you know, the stomach lining, I think it sort of destroys the stomach lining, so drinking too much actually causes the acid to come back up, so it’s not.... it feels really bad like a burn, and your... you know... so I think I was in just by.... if you have been drinking for a long time, I think, after a while, like, couple of months, you drink a little bit, and you feel like you wanna throw up. ߥࠎ߆‫ޕࠎ߁ޔ‬ “Does that mean young people in Japan drink less?” : Is more of.... because the article says that they.... they separate their work from their private lives, so I was wondering do they drink less, or do they also like drinking, but maybe not with their workmates, or if they drink privately.... yeah. “Do they drink very often?”: That’s also talking about the workplace. Like, do they work hard everyday, ߣ‫ޔ‬ very light like overwork and they’re having to go drinking for a relaxation because they’ve had a stressful day everyday, or maybe 2 or 3 time a week.... yeah.㧔ߎߩ⾰ ໧ߦኻߔࠆ⺞ᩏදജ⠪⥄りߩ╵߃ߪ㧕I don’t know... I don’t know, cuz I heard, or I’ve learned from like tips books that if your senior at the office has not left to go home, you’re not allowed to go home. And if.... but I also heard that it has changed, that the young people now, as soon as the time.... it is time to go home, they just stop what they’re doing, or finish what they’re doing, and then the rest maybe they take home, or.... or... they leave it till the next day.... so I don’t really know. ”Alcohol plays an important part in human social relations in Japanese society.”: I think on top of relaxation also helps you to see.... clearer the person that you go with. Also connects with the next one as well, because I think with drinking, your brain doesn’t process as well as it does when you haven’t been drinking. So your conscious tells you what to say, and what you shouldn’t say, but when you drink,. 䋭㪈㪈㪈䋭.

(12) you sort of say everything that you think. It’s yeah.... so it helps to see sometimes like, after drinking, how that person really is, or how he or she really feels, even though they haven’t really been saying anything. Maybe they will show that by.... like,. body language, or they might just say it, after they’ve been drinking. I think. it depends on the person who’s hearing it. If it’s good for he or she to know, or if they think is better for them that they don’t know. Yeah, I think it can be good, or it can be bad, yeah. “Is it impolite to refuse an invitation to drinking?”: I think it’s like growing up. Um.... We have been told to not to push ourselves. If we don’t like something, maybe we shouldn’t do it, or if we don’t think it’s right, we shouldn’t do it. But then we were also told, sometimes it is rude to refuse someone’s invitation, but having, yeah.... sort of a contradictive thing. And I think it also depends on culture because I have been staying in a home stay, and my host mother would tell me, if you don’t like, say for dinner maybe we have like roast or lamb or something, she said if you don’t like it, you dot have to have it. But if it was my mom, she would say I cooked this for you, you should eat it otherwise it’s a waste. So sometimes it is confusing as what is more appropriate and what is not, so yeah, so culturally I just thought “Is it impolite to refuse an invitation to drinking?” is I saw in Japan that it is a social thing that people invite you politely, see if you would join them.... So I was just wondering if.... Cuz I don’t like drinking, but I just thought if someone invited me, and I was to refuse, would that be really impolite or if they think it’s okay. Yeah.... just something I thought about.. 䋴䋮䋴㩷 ࿑䋱䈱✚ว⊛⸃㉼⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߪࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯1ࠍ “after work drinks”ߣฬઃߌߚ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏදജ⠪ߪ ‫ޟ‬ઃ߈ว޿㈬‫ࠄ߆ޠ‬⡯႐ߣ߅㈬ߣߩ㑐ㅪࠍᒝߊᗵߓ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߪ⡯႐ⅣႺߩࠬ ࠻࡟ࠬ߇㕖Ᏹߦᄢ߈޿ߩߢ‫✕ߩߘޔ‬ᒛࠍ߶ߋߔߚ߼ߦ਄ม߇ㇱਅࠍ㘶ߺߦ ⺃߁ߩߛࠈ߁ߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫⺞ߚ߹ޕ‬ᩏදജ⠪ߪઁߩ࿖ߢ߽⚳ᬺᓟߦห௥ࠍ ߅㈬ߦ⺃߁ߎߣߪ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߩ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᗧ๧ว޿߇⇣ߥࠆߣ⠨߃ ߡ޿ࠆ‫⺞ߪࠇߎޕ‬ᩏදജ⠪ߪ “relax”ߣ “leisure̍ࠍ૶޿ಽߌߡ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ ߩઃ߈ว޿㈬ߪ✕ᒛࠍ✭߼ࠆ “relax”ߩߚ߼ߩ߽ߩߢ‫ޔ‬XXXߥߤߩ⚳ᬺᓟߩ. 䋭㪈㪈㪉䋭.

(13) 㘶㈬ߪ㘶㈬ߘߩ߽ߩߣ઀੐એᄖߩળ⹤ࠍᭉߒ߻ߚ߼ߩ “leisure”ߩ⦡ᓀ߇ᒝ ޿ߣߒߚ⊒⸒߆ࠄ್ᢿߢ߈ࠆ‫߇ࠬ࡜ࡊߪࠫ࡯ࡔࠗߩ࡯࠲ࠬ࡜ࠢޕ‬1㗄⋡‫ޔ‬0 ߇2㗄⋡ߢ‫߿߿ޔ‬⢐ቯ⊛ߥࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ᰴߦ⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߪࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯2ࠍ “self control”ߣฬઃߌߚ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏදജ⠪ߪ ߎߎߢ⥄ಽߩੑᣣ㈮޿ߩ૕㛎ࠍㅪᗐߒ‫ޔ‬㘶ߺߔ߉ߪ૕ߦࠃߊߥ޿ߣ⹏ଔߒ ߡ޿ࠆ‫⺞ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᩏදജ⠪⥄りߩῳⷫߩ㘶㈬ߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࠍㅪᗐߔࠆߣߣ߽ ߦ‫ޔ‬૕ߩౝㇱ‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߦߪ⢄⤳ࠍᖡൻߐߖࠆࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࠍㅪᗐߒߚ‫ࠬ࡜ࠢޕ‬ ࠲࡯ߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߪࡑࠗ࠽ࠬ߇2㗄⋡ߢ‫ุޔ‬ቯ⊛ߥࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᦨᓟߦ⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߪࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯3ࠍ “drinking and Japanese society”ߣฬઃ ߌߚ‫ޕ‬㈬߇ᣣᧄ␠ળߩੱ㑆㑐ଥߦ߅޿ߡ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒ‫ޔ‬ᐕ਄ߩੱߦ ߅㈬ߦ⺃ࠊࠇߡᢿࠆߩߪᄬ␞ߛ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᢿࠆੱߪ߶ߣࠎߤ޿ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ࠗࡔ ࡯ࠫࠍᜬߜ‫ޔ‬㈬ࠍ㘶߻ߣੱ߇ࡎࡦࡀࠍ⹤ߔߣ⡞޿ߚߎߣ߇޽ࠆߣߔࠆ৻ᣇ ߢ‫ᧄޔ‬ᒰߦߒࠂߞߜࠀ߁߅㈬ࠍ㘶߻ߩ߆ߣ޿߁⇼໧߿‫ᧄޔ‬ᢥߩᖱႎߪ⧯޿ ੱߪ߅㈬ࠍ㘶߹ߥߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߦߥࠆߩ߆ߣ޿ߞߚ⇼໧ࠍᜬߞ ߡ޿ࠆ‫⺞ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᩏදജ⠪߇⺰ᢥࠍᦠ޿ߡ޿ߚᤨᦼߩኙߊߡ㔎߿㔐߇㒠ࠆ ᳇୥ࠍㅪᗐߒߚ‫߇ࠬ࡜ࡊޔߪࠫ࡯ࡔࠗߩ࡯࠲ࠬ࡜ࠢޕ‬1㗄⋡‫ޔ‬0߇4㗄⋡ߢ‫ޔ‬ ߶߷ਛ┙⊛ߥࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫࡯࠲ࠬ࡜ࠢޔ‬㑆ߩ㑐ଥߩਛߢ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩ࠹࡟ࡆߩትવࠍ଀ߦ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏද ജ⠪ߣ㑐ࠊࠅߩ޽ࠆXXX,YYYߣ㆑޿‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߪ㘶㈬ࠍ޽߅ࠆࠃ߁ߥ႐㕙߇޽ ࠆߎߣࠍᜰ៰ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ࠺ࡦ࠼ࡠࠣ࡜ࡓో૕ߢߪ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏදജ⠪⥄り߇㘶㈬߇ᅢ߈ߢߪߥ޿ߎߣ߽ ޽ߞߡ‫ోޔ‬૕⊛ߦุቯ⊛ߦᗵߓࠆߒ‫߇ޘੱޔ‬㈬߇ᅢ߈ߢ㘶㈬ࠍߔࠆߩߢߪ ߥߊ‫ޔ‬㈬ߩߚ߼ߦ㈬ࠍ㘶߻ߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᇅᭉࠃࠅ߽ࠃࠅ␠ળ⊛ߥⴕὑߦ ߥߞߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦᗵߓࠆߣ⹤ߒߚ‫࡮ࠬ࠽ࠗࡑ࡮ࠬ࡜ࡊޕ‬0ߢ⷗ࠆߣ‫࡜ࡊ ޔ‬ ࠬߪ2㗄⋡‫߇ࠬ࠽ࠗࡑޔ‬2㗄⋡‫ޔ‬0߇6㗄⋡ߣਛ┙⊛ߥࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߩ⊒⸒ߪ‫ޔ‬ਥߦೝỗߣߒߚ⺒ߺ‛߿࠹࡟ࡆߣߩធ⸅ߦࠃࠆᖱ ႎ‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬ኅᣖߣߩ⚻㛎‫ޔ‬XXXߢߩ⺰ᢥၫ╩ᤨߩቇ↢↢ᵴߢߩ⚻㛎ߦၮߠ ޿ߡ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄੱߣߩ⋥ធߩធ⸅ߥߤ߆ࠄߩᖱႎߪ߶ߣࠎߤ⷗ࠄࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬ XXX߿YYYߣߩᲧセߪᄙዋ⷗ࠄࠇߚ߽ߩߩ‫⋧ߣઁޔ‬ኻൻߒߡᝒ߃ࠃ߁ߣߔ ࠆ௑ะߪዊߐ޿ࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ౕޔߚ߹ޕ‬૕⊛ߦ⚦߆ߦឬ౮ߐࠇࠆࠗࡔ࡯ ࠫߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩᄙ޿઀੐‫ޔ‬਄มߩ⺃޿ߪᢿࠇߥ޿‫ޔ‬࿕ߊߡ㤥޿⢄ ⤳‫ޔ‬ኙߊߡᥧ޿ߥߤุቯ⊛ߥ߽ߩ߇ᄙ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬. 䋭㪈㪈㪊䋭.

(14) 㧡㧚㧼㧭㧯ಽᨆࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߩ⚿ᨐߣ⠨ኤ2̅⇐ቇਛ ⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߩ⇐ቇਛ㧔ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㐿ᆎᓟ⚂3ࡩ᦬߇⚻ㆊߒ‫ޔ‬ඨᦼߩ⇐ቇߢ ᦼᧃ⹜㛎ᦼ㑆ࠍㄫ߃ࠆ೨㧕ߩ࠺ࡦ࠼ࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߪ࿑2ߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࿑2㩷 ⇐ቇਛ䈱⺞ᩏදജ⠪䈱䊁䉨䉴䊃䈎䉌ᗵ䈛䉎ᣣᧄ䈱䉟䊜䊷䉳. 㧨ฦ㗄⋡ߩౝኈ㧪㧔 )ౝߩ╓ภߪන⁛ߢߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫ 㧦⑳ᦨㄭࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠߩ࠾ࡘ࠭߿ᖱႎࠍ᳇ߦߥߞߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫ ޕ‬㧦ᣣ ᧄੱߩ෹ߚߜߩਛߢࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ߩ‛߫߆ࠅ⾈߁ੱ߽޿ࠆ‫ ޕ‬㧦‫ޟ‬ᣣᧄੱߪ ߅ߺ߿ߍ߇ᅢ߈ߢߔ‫↵ ޕ‬ᕈࠃࠅᅚᕈߩᣇߪࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠ߇ᅢ߈ࠄߒ޿‫ޕ‬. PCOGDTCPFIQQFUCTGPQVPGEGUUCTKN[DGVVGT‫ ޕ‬ᚻ૞ࠅߩ߽ ߩ߽ߔߏ޿㜞޿ߢߔ‫ߗߥ ޕ‬ᣣᧄੱߩࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ᔒะߪߎࠎߥߦᒝ޿ߢ ߔ߆‫ ޕ‬ᣣᧄߛߌߢߪߥߊ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔ‬ᔒะߪᶏᄖߢ߽ᵹⴕߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬. ⑳ߩኅᣖߪ޿ߟ߽ࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ࠃࠅຠ⾰ߦࠃߞߡ⾈޿‛ࠍߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬. ೨ߦᄢቇߩ෹ߛߜߪࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߩࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ߩࠫ࡯ࡦ࠭ࠍ⾈ߞߚ‫౐ޔ‬ ਁ౞ߢ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉ ޕ‬ຠࠍోὼ⾈ࠊߥ޿ᣣᧄੱ߽޿ࠆ߆‫ߗߥ ޕ‬ ࡌ࠹ࠖ࡯ߪ࠻ࠗ࡟ߩࠬ࡝࠶ࡄࠍ⷗ࠆߣ޿ߟ߽╉ߞߡߒ߹߁߆‫޿⾈ ޕ‬. 䋭㪈㪈㪋䋭.

(15) ‛ߛߌߓ߾ߥߊ‫ࠍ࡯ࠚࡈࠞ߿ࡦ࡜࠻ࠬ࡟ޔ‬ㆬ߱ᤨ߽ੱ᳇߇޽ࠆ%JCKP5VQTG ߩᣇࠍㆬ߱ᤨ߇ᄙ޿ࠄߒ޿‫ ޕ‬ᣣᧄߦ᧪ߡ߆ࠄ੹߹ߢ‫ޔ‬⍮ࠅวߞߚ ෹ߚߜߪ߶ߣࠎߤࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ߩ⽷Ꮣࠍᜬߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ ޕ‬. 䋵䋮䋱㩷⺞ᩏදജ⠪䈮䉋䉎䉪䊤䉴䉺䊷䈱⸃㉼䉪䊤䉴䉺䊷䋱䈮䈧䈇䈩㧔ࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯1ߪ‫ᦨ⑳ޟ‬ㄭࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠߩ࠾ࡘ࠭߿ᖱႎࠍ᳇ߦߥߞߡ߈߹ߒ ߚ‫ޟޠޕ‬ᣣᧄੱߩ෹ߚߜߩਛߢࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ߩ‛߫߆ࠅ⾈߁ੱ߽޿ࠆ‫ޟޠޕ‬ᣣ ᧄੱߪ߅ߺ߿ߍ߇ᅢ߈ߢߔ‫↵ޟޠޕ‬ᕈࠃࠅᅚᕈߩᣇߪࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠ߇ᅢ߈ࠄ ߒ޿‫ޟޔޠޕ‬namebrand goods are not necessarily better.‫ޟޠ‬ᚻ૞ࠅߩ߽ߩ߽ߔ ߏ޿㜞޿ߢߔ‫ߩޠޕ‬6㗄⋡ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧕㧔ోㇱࠍ⷗ߡ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬૗߆ᗵߓࠆ߽ߩ‫ߪࠫ࡯ࡔࠗޔ‬㧕޽ߩ‫⾈ޔ޿߬ߞ޿ޔ‬ ߞߡ߹ߔ‫ߩ੹޼߹ޕ‬෹㆐‫੹ߩ޽ޔ߆ߣࡦ࡚ࠪ࠶ࠔࡈޔߩ޽ޔߊࠃ⊝ޔ‬૗߆‫ޔ‬ ᵹⴕߞߡ߹ߔ߆㧫ߥ⹤ࠍߒߡࠆߌߤ‫ߩ⑳ޔ‬႐วߪ‫ࠍࠇߘޔ‬⡞޿ߡ߽‫߃଀ޔ‬ ߫㔀⹹ࠍ⺒ࠎߢ߽‫ࠇߎޔ޽ޔ‬᰼ߒ޿ߥ࡯ߣᕁߞ‫ޔ‬ᕁ߁ᤨߪ޽ࠎ߹ࠅή޿ߢ ߔߨ‫ޕ‬ᄙಽ‫޿޿ࠊ߆߇ࠇߎޔ޽ޔ‬㧍ߣᕁ޿߹ߔߌߤ‫޽߹ޔߪߢ߹ޔ߁⾈ޔ‬ ޿߆ߥ޿߆ߥ‫߽ࠇߘޕ‬ᄙಽ‫ޔߩ޽ޔ‬ኅᣖߩᓇ㗀߽޽ࠅ߹ߔߨ‫߅ޔߩ޽ޕ‬㊄ ࠍ‫࡯ߩ޽ޔ‬ᔅⷐ‫ޔ‬એ਄ߩ‛‫ޔ⹤߁޿ߡߞޔ޿ߥࠊ⾈ࠍޔ‬⠨߃ᣇ‫߅޽߹ޕ‬㊄ ࠍᄢ੐ߦߒߡ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔߩ޽ޔߦ߹ߚޔߦ߹ߚޕ‬ຠࠍ⾈ߞߡ߽⦟޿ߌߤ‫ޔ‬ ࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠ߫ߞ߆ࠅࠍ⾈ߞߡࠆߩߪߜࠂߞߣ൩૕ߥ޿ߥߞߡ‫߁ߘޕࠎ߁ޕ‬ ߛߨ‫․ޔ‬೎ߩ⸥ᔨᣣߣ߆‫↢⺀ޔ߫߃଀ޔ‬ᣣߣ߆ߩ‫⥄ޔߩ޽ޔ߽ߡߞ⾈ޔ‬ಽ ߇ሜߒ޿ᗵߓ‫ޔ‬༑߱ᗵߓᗵߓ߇ߔࠆߌߤ‫੹ߒ߽޽߹ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ࡉ࡜࠙ࠬߣ߆ ࠫࡖࠤ࠶࠻⾈޿ߚ޿ᤨ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔࠅ߬ߞ߿ޔ‬ຠࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄙಽ‫ޔ‬୯Ბߣ߆ຠ⾰ ߣ߆‫࡞ࠗ࠲ࠬߚߞ޿߁ߘޔ‬⠨߃ߡ⾈޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᚻ૞ࠅߩ‛‫ߜߞߎޔ‬xi߽ᦠ޿ߡ ߹ߔߨ‫ޕ‬୯Ბߔߏ޿㜞޿‫ޕ‬XXXߢ߽‫ࡦࡌࠗߥ޿ߚߺࠕࠚࡈ࠻࡯ࠕޔߩ޽ޔ‬ ࠻߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޔߢࠇߘޕ‬ᚻ૞ࠅߩ‛ߪߔߏ޿㜞޿ߢߔ‫ࠅ߹ࠎ޽ޕࠎ࡯߁ޕ‬ ⾈ࠊߥ޿ߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬ᚻ૞ࠅߩ‛‫⥄ࠅࠃ߁⾈ޕ‬ಽߢ૞ࠆ‫ࠚࡈ࠻࡯ࠕߣࠎ࡯߁ޕ‬ ࠕߦⴕߞߡ‫⥄ޔߩ޽ޔ߽ߩ߽ߥࠎߎ࡯޽ޔ‬ಽߩᚻߢ૞ࠇࠆᗵߓ߇޽ࠆ‫ੱޔ‬ ߔߏ޿‫ޔ‬ᚽ⢻‫ߣ޿ߏߔޔߢߩ߁޿ߡߞࠆ޽ޔ‬ᕁ޿߹ߔߨ‫ޕ‬ᓟߪ߅࿯↥‫ߢޔ‬ ߔߨ‫ࠆߡ޿ᦠߦߎߎߪ⑳ޕ‬ᣣᧄੱ‫߅ޔ‬࿯↥߇ᅢ߈ߢߔ‫ޔߩߘߪࠇߘޔߢޕ‬ ᢥࠍ‫ߩ࠻࡯ࡄޔߣޔ‬ᗵᗐߢߔߌߤ‫߅ޔ߽⑳ޕ‬࿯↥ࠍ⾈߁ߩ߇ᅢ߈ߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬. 䋭㪈㪈㪌䋭.

(16) ᣏⴕߔࠆᤨ‫ߚߞⴕߦߎߎޔ‬੐޽ࠆߞߡ޿߁⸥ᔨຠߣ߆ࠍ⾈ߞߜ߾޿߹ߔߨ‫ޕ‬ ‛‫ࠆ߹ߨߚ߽⑳ޕߨߔ߹޿߾ߜߞ⾈ޔ‬xiiߩߧ޿ߋࠆߺ‫ޕߨߔߢࠎߚߞ⾈ޔ‬೨ ߦ‫ޕ‬ᮮᵿߦ᧪ߚᤨ‫ޔ޽ޔࠎ࡯߁ޔߪߩઁޕࠎ࡯߁ޔߢޕ‬9⇟‫ޔ‬੐ߢ‫↵ޔ‬ᕈࠃ ࠅᅚᕈߩᣇ߇‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔ‬ຠ߇ᅢ߈ࠄߒ޿‫߁ߘߪࠇߘޕ‬ᕁ޿߹ߔߌߤ‫ߣ޽ޔ‬ ߿ߞ߬ࠅᅚᕈߩ‫߅ߩ޽ޔߪޔ‬㊄ࠍ߈ߞߜࠅߒߡࠆߞߡ޿߁߆‫࡜ࡉޕࠎ߁ޔ‬ ࡦ࠼ຠ߇ᅢ߈ߛߌߤ‫ޔ‬ᄙಽ‫ߩ޽ޔ‬㆑߁ࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ߩ‛ࠍ‫ૃߪ࡞ࠗ࠲ࠬ޽߹ޔ‬ ߡ޿ࠆߥࠄ⾈ࠊߥ޿߆߽⍮ࠇ߹ߖࠎ‫↵ޔߤߌߛޕ‬ᕈߪ‫޿ߚ޿ߛޔ‬หߓߩ‛ ࠍ⾈ߞߡ޿ࠆᗵߓ߇ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔ᅚߩੱߪ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉߩߎޔ‬ຠ߇⦟޿ߥߣᕁߞߡ ߽‫ޔ‬หߓࠃ߁ߥࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ߩ㆑߁‛߇޽ߞߚࠄ㧫㧕⾈ࠊߥ޿ߢ‫ޔ‬㆑߁‛ࠍ⾈ ߁‫ޔߪੱߩ↵ޔ߽ߢޕ‬หߓࠃ߁ߥ‛ߛߌߤ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉߩߘޔ‬ຠࠍ⾈ߞߡߒ߹ ߁‫ޔ੹ޕߨߔߢ߁ߘޔߔߢ߁ߘ߽࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޕ࡞ࠗ࠲ࠬ߆߁޿ߡߞ࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޕ‬ ↵ߩ෹㆐‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄੱߥࠎߛߌߤ‫ޔߜޔߩ޽ޔ‬㆑߁‫ޔ‬૗߆‫ޔ‬6ਁ౞ߩࠫ࡯ࡦ࠭ࠍ ⾈ߞߚ෹㆐߇‫ߞ⾈ࠍ࠭ࡦ࡯ࠫߩ࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉߩࠬ࡝ࠡࠗߩߎޔߩ޽ޔ߽ߟ޿ޔ‬ ߡ޿ߡ‫ ↢৻ޔߢࠇߘޔ‬๮ࡃࠗ࠻ࠍߒߡ߽‫߅ޔߩ޽ޔ‬㊄‫⛎ޔ߹ޔ‬ᢱ‫౉߇ޔ‬ ߞߡ‫߅߽᦬੹ޔߡߞ߾ߜߞ⾈ࠍ࠭ࡦ࡯ࠫߩ޽ޔߋߔޔࠄ߆߫ߘޔߚޔ‬㊄߇ ߥߊߥࠆߞߡ⸒ߞߡߡ‫ޔ߽࠭ࡦ࡯߽ࠫߢޔߢޕ‬10ᧄ૏㧫15ᧄ૏ᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ ߩߦ‫ޕߔ߹ߡߞ߾ߜߞ⾈ߛ߹ޔ‬૗᡿ߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫ઁߦߪ‫ޕࠎ࡯߁ޕࠎ࡯߁ޔ‬ ޽޽‫ᦨޔ‬ㄭ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔ‬ຠߩ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ‫߿ࠬ࡯ࡘ࠾ޔ‬ᖱႎ‫ޔ‬᳇ߦߥߞߡ߈߹ߒ ߚ‫ᦨࠄ߆ࠇߘޕ‬ㄭ‫ޔ‬ᄐߦߥߞߡ‫ߣߞࠂߜޔ‬㔀⹹ࠍ⾈ߞߚࠎߢߔߨ‫޽ޔߢޕ‬ ߩ‫ߚߞ⾈ߩߘޔ‬㔀⹹ߦ‫ޔ‬タߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߩ޽ޔ‬໡ຠ‫߇ޔ‬ᱴߤࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ߩ‛ߥ ࠎߢߔߌߤ‫ޔ੹ޔߥ޿޿ࠊ߆ࠇߎ࡯޽ޔߢࠎ⺒ࠍࠇߘޔߢޕ‬૗߆ૃߡࠆߘ ߩࠃ߁ߥ‛ࠍᜬߞߡߥ޿߆ࠄ‫ࠅ߬ߞ߿߽ߢޕߡߞ߾ߜߞߥߊߚ޿⾈ޔ‬୯Ბ ߇‫ޔ‬᳇ߦߥࠆ߆ࠄ‫ޕ‬㧔ߎߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࠍ⷗ߡ޿ࠆᤨߦ‫ޔ‬૗߆ᗵߓࠆ⦡‫ޔ‬㖸ߪ㧕 ⦡ߪ‫ޔߊޔ‬㤥ߢߔ‫ߥࠎߤޕ‬㤥....ߤࠎߥ‫⽷ޔࠎ࡯߁ޔ‬Ꮣߩਛߩ‫߇ᧅޔ‬ήߊߥ ࠆߞߡ޿߁߆‫ోޕ‬ㇱ૶ߞߜ߾ߞߡ‫ޔ߁߽ߢࠇߘޔ‬シ޿‫ޔ‬ᗵߓ‫ޕ‬㧔ⷞⷡ⊛ߥ ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߪ㧕޽ߩ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޕ߆ߣ࠻࡯ࡄ࠺ߥࡘࠪ࠶࡝ࠗ࠲ࠬޔ޿ߏߔޔ‬ຠ ߩᐫ‫ޔ‬ਗࠎߢߡ‫߅ߥ޿ࠇ߈ޕ‬ሥ᭽ߺߚ޿ߥ߅⾈޿‛ߒߡࠆߣ߆‫ޕ‬㧔ߘߩ࠺ ࡄ࡯࠻ߪ‫߫߃଀ޔ‬㧕XXXߪή޿ߢߔߨ‫ࠎ߱ߚޕ‬YYYߢ޽ࠅ߹ߔߨ‫࡯ࡄ࠺ޕ‬ ࠻ߩ৻㓏ߪᱴߤCHANEL‫ޕߨߔߢࠎߥޔ‬㧔ߘߎࠍᱠ޿ߡ޿ࠆߩߪ㧕⍮ࠄߥ ޿ੱߢߔ‫ޕ‬. 䋭㪈㪈㪍䋭.

(17) 䉪䊤䉴䉺䊷䋲䈮䈧䈇䈩㧔ࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯2ߪ‫ߗߥޟ‬ᣣᧄੱߩࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ᔒะߪߎࠎߥߦᒝ޿ߢߔ߆‫ޠޕ‬ ‫ޟ‬ᣣᧄߛߌߢߪߥߊ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔ‬ᔒะߪᶏᄖߢ߽ᵹⴕߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩ⑳ޟޠޕ‬ ኅᣖߪ޿ߟ߽ࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ࠃࠅຠ⾰ߦࠃߞߡ⾈޿‛ࠍߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޟޠޕ‬೨ߦᄢቇ ߩ෹ߛߜߪࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߩࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ߩࠫ࡯ࡦ࠭ࠍ⾈ߞߚ‫ਁ౐ޔ‬౞ߢ‫ߩޠޕ‬4㗄⋡ ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧕 ߁࡯ࠎ‫߇‛޿⾈ࠅ߬ߞ߿ߪੱޕ‬ᅢ߈ߢߔߨ‫ޔߡߞ߽ࠍࠇߘޔߢࠇߘޕ‬ᄙಽ‫ޔ‬ ૗᡿ߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ߡߞޔ‬ᕁߞߜ߾޿߹ߔ‫ޕࠎ߁ޕ‬೨ߦീᒝߒߚࠎߛߌߤ‫޽ޔ‬ ߩ‫ޔ‬ᛄ߁ᤨߩ‫ޔ‬ᔟᗵ‫ޕ‬ᔟᗵߩᗵߓ߇ߔࠆ߆ࠄ‫ࠆߔࠍ‛޿⾈ޔߊࠃޔߩ޽ޔ‬ ࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ‫߽ࠇߘޕࠎ߁࡮࡮࡮ޔ‬ᄙಽߘ߁ߛߌߤ‫ޔ‬ᄙಽ‫߽ߟ޿ޔߩ޽ޔ‬ ᣂߒ޿‫ޔ‬ᵗ᦯ߣ߆‛ࠍ᰼ߒ޿‫ߣޔࠆ޿߽ੱޔ‬ᕁ߁‫ᦨ޼߹ޕ‬ㄭXXXߢ߽‫߹ޔ‬ ޽‫ޔ‬෹㆐߇‫ޔߩ޽ޕߨߔ߹ߡߞ⾈‛ߩ࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉ޿ߏߔޔ‬VUITTONߩࡃ࠶ࠣ‫ޕ‬ ੹ᐕ߽‫ޔߚ߰ޔ‬2୘⾈޿߹ߒߚ‫ޔ߁ߘޕ‬෹㆐ߪ‫ޕߨߔߢ޿ߏߔޕࠎ߁ޕ‬ቇ↢ ߥߩߦ‫ޔߢޕ‬YYYߩ෹㆐߽‫ޔ‬ᱴߤ‫ޔߩ޽ޔ‬Gucciߣ߆Coachߩࡃ࠶ࠣᜬߞߡ ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬૗ߢ޽ߩߎࠎߥ⾈ߞߜ߾޿߹ߔ߆㧫ߣ‫ޔ‬⡞޿ߚᤨ‫ޔ‬૗߆቟޿߆ࠄߞ ߡ‫ߦߥࠎߘޕ‬቟ߊߥ޿ߣᕁ޿߹ߔߌߤ‫ޕ‬㧔߳࡯㧕߁ࠎ‫ޕ‬㧔ߘߩ෹㆐ߪ㧕߽ ߁තᬺߒߚߌߤ‫߽ߢޔ‬ኅᣖߪ‫ޔ‬ᓐᅚߩኅᣖߪ‫ޔߩ޽ޔ‬Ꮢᓎᚲߢ௛޿ߡࠆ߆ ࠄ‫ߣߞࠂߜޔ‬㊄ᜬߜᗵߓ㧫࡮࡮࡮ߢ߽‫ߩ⑳ޔ‬ኅᣖߪ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔࠅ߬ߞ߿ޔ‬ ຠߪ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔߢޕߔߢ޿ߥࠊ⾈ޔࠅ߹ࠎ޽ޔ‬ຠߩ࠮࡯࡞ߢ߽‫ߛ࡞࡯࠮ޔ‬ ߌߤ‫ߩߎޔߥࠎߎߛ߹ޔ‬૏߅㊄ᛄ߁ߩ߇‫ߌߛ࡞࡯࠮ޔߖޔߛ߹ࠅ߬ߞ߿ޔ‬ ߤ‫ߛ߹ޔ‬㜞޿‫ߣޔ‬ᕁ߁ᤨ߽޽ࠅ߹ߔߨ‫ޕ‬ᓟߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙಽ‫ޔࠅࠃ‛ߩ࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔ‬ ߽‫⥄ޔࠎ࡯߁ޔ߆ߣޔ‛ޔࠆ߃૶ߊࠃޔ‬ಽࠍࠃߊ‫ޔ߹ޔߦ߁ࠃࠆ⌕ޔߩ޽ޔ‬ ᵗ᦯ߣ߆‫߇ᤨ߁߾ߜߞ⾈ޔ߁⾈ޔ߆ߣ࠷ࡦࡄޔ‬ᄙ޿ߢߔ‫ޕ‬㧔ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߔࠆ ൬޿ߪ㧕൬޿ߪ‫ޔߩ޽ޔ‬૗߆ߥ‫ߩ޽ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿‫ߩࡦࡃࠞޔ‬൬޿㧫㕟ߩ൬޿‫ޕ‬ ߢ‫ޔߪࠫ࡯ࡔࠗޔ‬ᄢቇߢ‫ߩߘޔߩ޽ޔ‬෹㆐ߩ‫ߣߚߞ⾈ࠍ࠭ࡦ࡯ࠫޔߩ޽ޔ‬ ޿߁⹤ࠍ‫ޔߢޕᤨߚߡ޿ᦠޔ‬ᓐߪ‫⟲ߩ޽ޔ‬㚍಴り‫⟲ߣߞࠂߜޔࠄ߆ߛޔ‬㚍 ᑯߢ⹤ߒߡߚߞߡᗵߓߢߔ‫ޔ࡯ߐߡߞ⑳ޟޕ‬6ਁߢ⾈ߞߜ߾ߞߡߐ࡯‫ޠޕ‬㧔⹤ ߒߡ޿ࠆ෹㆐㧔↵ᕈ㧕ߩ㗻ߪ㧕ߔߏ޿ర᳇‫ޕ‬㧔ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߔࠆ⦡ߪ㧕ߜࠂߞ ߣ⨥⦡ߞ߸޿ᗵߓߢߔ‫ޕ‬. 䉪䊤䉴䉺䊷䋳䈮䈧䈇䈩㧔ࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯3ߪ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޟ‬ຠࠍోὼ⾈ࠊߥ޿ᣣᧄੱ߽޿ࠆ߆‫ߗߥޟޠޕ‬. 䋭㪈㪈㪎䋭.

(18) ࡌ࠹ࠖ࡯ߪ࠻ࠗ࡟ߩࠬ࡝࠶ࡄࠍ⷗ࠆߣ޿ߟ߽╉ߞߡߒ߹߁߆‫‛޿⾈ޟޠޕ‬ ߛߌߓ߾ߥߊ‫ࠍ࡯ࠚࡈࠞ߿ࡦ࡜࠻ࠬ࡟ޔ‬ㆬ߱ᤨ߽ੱ᳇߇޽ࠆChain-Storeߩᣇ ࠍㆬ߱ᤨ߇ᄙ޿ࠄߒ޿‫ޟޠޕ‬ᣣᧄߦ᧪ߡ߆ࠄ੹߹ߢ‫ޔ‬⍮ࠅวߞߚ෹ߚߜߪ ߶ߣࠎߤࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ߩ⽷Ꮣࠍᜬߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩޠޕ‬4㗄⋡ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧕 ޽ߩ‫߁޿߁ߎޔ‬ᗵߓߩߔࠆ‫ޔ޽߹ޔߩ޽ࠅ߬ߞ߿޽߹ޔ‬๟ࠅߩੱߪ‫࡜ࡉޔ‬ ࡦ࠼ຠࠍ‫ޔ޽ޔࠄ߆ࠆ޿ߡߞ૶ޔ‬ᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔࠍޔ‬ᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߥޔࠄ߆ޔ‬ ࠎ߆‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄੱߪ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔ⊝ޔ‬ຠ‫ߟ৻ߡ߼ߖޔ‬૏ᜬߞߡ޿ࠆᗵߓ߇ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߛ߆ࠄ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉߣߞࠂߜޔ‬ຠ‫ోޔ‬ὼ⾈ࠊߥ޿ᣣᧄੱ߽޿ࠆ‫⾰ߩޔ߆ޔ‬໧㧔⇼ ໧㧕‫ࡈࠞ߿ࡦ࡜࠻ࠬ࡟ޔߊߥ߾ߓߌߛ‛޿⾈ޔߣ࡮࡮࡮ޔࠎ߁ޔߪߦઁޕ‬ ࠚ‫ޔ‬ਗ߱ᤨ߽‫ޔߩ޽ޔߊࠃ߽⑳ޔ߫߃଀ࠅ߬ߞ߿ޔ‬෹㆐ߣ‫ޔߩ޽ߦ✜৻ޔ‬ ࠦ࡯ࡅ࡯ࠍ㘶ߺߦⴕߊߣ߆‫ࠍ࡯ࡅ࡯ࠦޔࠄ߇ߥߒࠅߚߒ⹤ޔ‬㘶ߺ߹ߔ‫ޔߢޕ‬ ᱴߤ‫ੱ޽߹ޔ࠷࠶࠽࡯࠼࡯࠲ࠬࡒޔ߆ߣࠬࠢ࠶ࡃ࡯࠲ࠬޔ‬᳇߇޽ࠆ‫ࠚ࠴ޔ‬ ࡯ࡦࠬ࠻ࠕߦⴕߞߡ‫࡯ࡅ࡯ࠦࠅߚߒ⹤޽߹ޔ‬㘶ࠎߛࠅߣ߆‫ޔߩઁߩ޽ޕ‬ዊ ߐ޿ߩᐫ‫ޔ‬୘ੱߩ‫ޔ‬ᐫߣ߆‫ߚߞⴕࠅ߹ࠎ޽ޔ‬੐ߥ޿ࠎߢߔ‫ߪࠇߘޕ‬ᄙಽ‫ޔ‬ ޽ߩ࠴ࠚ࡯ࡦࠬ࠻ࠕߛ߆ࠄ‫ߊࠃ⊝ޔ‬⍮ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ‬ᐫߛ߆ࠄ‫ߩߘߩ޽ޔ‬ᣇࠍ ㆬ߱ᤨ߇ᄙ޿‫ߣޔ‬ᕁ޿߹ߔ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޕ‬ຠ߽‫ߥࠎߘޔ‬ᗵߓ‫ߞ߿ޕߔ߹ߒ߇ޔ‬ ߬ࠅ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⊛ߥࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ߣ߆‫޽߹ޔ‬ຠ⾰ࠍ‫޽ޔ߈ߞߐޕߔ߹ߡߒޔ⸽଻ޔ‬ ߩᢥࠍ⺒ࠎߛᤨ‫ޔ‬૗ߢࡌ࠹ࠖߪ‫߽ߟ޿ߣࠆ⷗ࠍࡄ࠶࡝ࠬߩ࡟ࠗ࠻ޔߩ޽ޔ‬ ╉ߞߡߒ߹߁߆ߣ޿ߞߡ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉߪࡄ࠶࡝ࠬߩߘޔࠎ߁ޔ‬ຠߥࠎߛߌߤ‫ޔ‬ ૗ߢ߅߆ߒ޿߆ߣᕁߞߡ‫߁޿߁ߘߛߚޕ‬ᗵᗐߪ‫ޔ‬಴ߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬㧔⺞ᩏදജ⠪ ߇‫ࠄߚߞߛࠖ࠹ࡌޔ‬㧕ᄙಽߔߏ޿ߥ࡯ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬૗߆ኅߦࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠߒ ߆ή޿ᗵߓ‫ޕ‬㧔ߘߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߪ㧕ࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉߥ‫ޔ‬㜞⚖ߥᗵߓ߇ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧔ߎ ߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࠍ⷗ߡ޿ߡᗵߓࠆࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߪ㧕ߜࠂߞߣᕁ޿಴ߒߚࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߪ‫ޔ‬ ෹㆐㧔ᣣᧄੱߩ↵ᕈߢᄢቇߩ෹㆐㧕ߪᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ޽ߩVUITTONߩ⽷Ꮣߥࠎ ߛߌߤ‫ߣߞࠂߜ߁߽ޔ‬უࠇߜ߾ߞߡ‫ߡߞޔ‬ᗵߓߥࠎߛߌߤ‫ޕࠆߡߞ૶ߛ߹ޔ‬ ߢ‫ޔ‬૗ߢ޽ߩᣂߒ޿‫⽷ޔ‬Ꮣ‫ޔߣޔ߆޿ߥࠊ⾈ޔ‬⡞޿ߚࠄ‫ޔ‬ᓐߪ‫߹ޔߩ޽ޔ‬ ߚ޽ߩࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔ‬ຠߩ‫⽷ޔ‬Ꮣࠍ⾈޿ߚ޿߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬2ਁ౞ߩ߅㊄ࠍ‫ޔ‬ ߚ߼ߡ޿߹ߔ‫߁޿߁ߘޕߨߔߢ޿ߥࠄ߆ࠊߊࠃޔߢޕ‬⠨߃ᣇࠍ‫ޕ‬㧔ᣣᧄ߳ ᧪ߡ߆ࠄ੹߹ߢߦ⍮ࠅวߞߚ෹㆐ߪ㧕ᄢቇߩ෹㆐߇ᄙ޿ߢߔߨ‫࡮࡮ޔߪ⦡ޕ‬ ޽ߩ‫ޔߩ޽ࠅߪ߿ޕ⦡޿߸ߞޔ޿⭯ޔߤߌ޿ߥࠎ߆ࠊߊࠃޔ‬ᨵࠄ߆ߥᗵߓ ߇ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧔⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߪ㧕ᄐ‫߇⦡޿⭯ߪ੹ޔࠄ߆ߚߞߥޔ‬ᅢ߈ߛߌߤ‫ޔ‬ ౻ߛߞߚࠄ‫ࠅ߬ߞ߿ޔ‬㤥‫ߩ⦡⨥߆ޔ‬ᣇ߇ᅢ߈‫ޕ‬. 䋭㪈㪈㪏䋭.

(19) 䋵䋮䋲㩷⺞ᩏදജ⠪䈮䉋䉎䉪䊤䉴䉺䊷㑆䈱㑐ଥ 䉪䊤䉴䉺䊷䋱䈫䋲䈮䈧䈇䈩㧔౒ㅢὐߪ㧕߿ߞ߬ࠅ⾈޿‛ߦߟ޿ߡ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔߢޕ‬ຠࠍ⾈ߞߜ߾߁ੱ‫ޔ‬ ߩ⹤‫޿ߚ޿ߛߢࠇߘޕ‬ᣣᧄੱ‫ߩޔ‬੐߇‫ޕࠎ߁ޔ‬㧔⋧㆑ὐߪ㧕ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ1ߪ‫ޔ‬ ߛ޿ߚ޿⾈޿‛ߩ‫ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣޔߤߌߛࠎߥޕ⹤ޔ‬2ߪ‫ࡦ࡜ࡉޔߣߞ߽ޔߩ޽ޔ‬ ࠼ຠߩ⹤‫ߦޔ‬㓸ਛߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޕ‬ຠ‫޿ߚ޿ߛߪޔ‬㜞޿‫ޕ‬୯Ბ߇㜞޿ ᗵߓ߇ߔࠆߌߤ‫ޔߩ޽ޔ‬ᚻ૞ࠅߩ‛߽‫ޔ‬㜞޿‫ޔߣߞࠂߜޕ‬㆑߁ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦ ߥߞߡ‫ޕ‬1⇟ߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ‫ࠂߜࠅ߬ߞ߿ޔߤߌߛࠎߥ⹤ߩ‛޿⾈޿ߚ޿ߛޔ‬ ߞߣ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔ‬ຠ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔߩ࡮࡮࡮ޔߣࠎߥޔߩޔ‬ຠߪ‫ޔߦߐ߹ޔ‬㜞޿ ࠎߛߌߤ‫ޔ‬ຠ⾰ߣ߆‫ޔߥ⥸৻ޔߩ޽ޔ߆ߣ࡞ࠗ࠲ࠬޔ‬᥉ㅢߩᐫߢᄁߞߡ޿ ࠆ‫޽߹ޔ‬ᄁߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ‬หߓࠃ߁ߦ⦡ࠎߥ‛‫޿ߚ޿ߛޔ‬ᄌࠊࠄߥ޿ߢߔ‫ߥޕ‬ ߩߦ‫ޔ‬૗ߢ‫ޔ߹ޔࠆ޿ޔߪੱ߁߾ߜߞ⾈ޔ߹ޔߩ޽ޔ‬ᄙ޿ߞߡ޿߁‫޿޿ޔ‬ ߹ߔ‫߁޿ߡߞޔߢޔ‬ᗵߓ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔߣߞࠂߜޕࠎ߁ޕ‬ຠࠍ‫ุޔ‬ቯߔࠆߞߡ ޿߁ᗵߓ‫ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣޔ‬1ߪ‫ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣޕ‬2ߪ‫ࡦ࡜ࡉޔߣߞࠂߜ޽߹ޔߣߞࠂߜޔ‬ ࠼ຠࠍ‫┙ޔߩ޽ޔߣߞࠂߜࠍޔ‬႐ߪ‫┙࡮࡮ޔ‬႐ߪ‫ޔߤߌ޿ߥߪߢ޿⦟ޔ޽ޔ‬ ᖡ޿‫ޔ޿ߥ߽ޔ‬ᗵߓ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔߣߞࠂߜޕ‬ᔒะߦߟ޿ߡ‫࡯޽ޔߣߞࠂߜޔ‬ ߎࠎߥ੐߽޽ࠆ‫ߥࠎߘޔߢޔ‬੐߽޽ࠆߣ޿߁‫ޔ‬ᗵߓ‫ޕ‬. 䉪䊤䉴䉺䊷䋲䈫䋳䈮䈧䈇䈩㧔౒ㅢὐߪ㧕߿ߞ߬ࠅࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠߩ⹤‫޿ߚ޿ߛޔ߹ޕ‬หߓߢߔߨ‫ޔߢࠇߘޕ‬ 2‫ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣޔ‬2ࠃࠅࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ3ߪ‫ߥ⊛⥸৻ߣߞࠂߜ߁߽ޔ‬⠨߃‫౒ޕ‬ㅢὐߪ‫߹ޔ‬ ߛ୘ੱ⊛ߥ‫ޔ‬૕㛎‫⚻ޔ‬㛎‫ޕ‬㧔⋧㆑ὐߪ㧕ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ2ߪ‫⥄ޔߣߞࠂߜޔ‬ಽߩ⠨ ߃߽‫ޔߩ޽ޔ‬฽߼ߡ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧔ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ3⇟ߪ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏදജ⠪ߩ૕㛎߇޽ࠎ߹ ࠅ౉ߞߡߥ޿ᗵߓ߇ߔࠆ߆ߣ޿߁⾰໧ߦኻߒߡ㧕ߘ߁ߢߔߨ‫ߞࠂߜ߁߽ޕ‬ ߣߎࠇߪ‫ᧄޔ‬ᒰߦ‫߁޿߁ߎޔ‬㘑ߦ‫⾰ޔ߹ޔ‬໧ࠍߒߚࠅ‫╵ߣߞࠂߜޔߡߒޔ‬ ߃ࠍ⠨߃ߚࠅߒ߹ߔ‫ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣޕ‬2‫ࠆ޿ߡߞ⸒ޔߪޔ‬੐ߪ߽߁ߜࠂߞߣߪߞ߈ ࠅߒߡ޿ߡ‫ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣޔ߽ߢޔ‬3ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙಽ‫ߩ࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔߩ޽ޔ‬ᔒะ߇ᒝ޿‫ߞޔ‬ ߡ޿߁࠹࡯ࡑߢ‫ޔ‬૗߆‫ޔ‬ᄙಽ‫߁޿߁ߎޔߪࠇߘޔ‬ᗵߓ‫ޔߩ޽ޔߢޔ‬5⇟ߣ߆ 14⇟ߣ߆ߞߡ‫ޕ޽߹ޔ‬. . 䋭㪈㪈㪐䋭.

(20) 䉪䊤䉴䉺䊷䋱䈫䋳䈮䈧䈇䈩㧔౒ㅢὐߪ㧕߿ߞ߬ࠅ‫‛޿⾈ޔ‬ᅢ߈‫ޔߩ޽ߊࠃޕ‬෹㆐ߣ‫ⴕ߳ߎߣޔߩ޽ޔ‬ ߞߡ‫ߩ޽ޔࠅߚߒ‛޿⾈ޔߢࠇߘޔ‬㘩੐ࠍߒߚࠅߔࠆᗵߓ‫޿ߛޔߢࠇߘޕ‬ ߚ޿‫ޔߩ޽ޔ‬ᅚߩሶ‫ࠍޔ‬ᗐ௝ߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ޕߚ޿ᦠޔ‬㧔⋧㆑ὐߪ㧕߁࡯ࠎࠣ࡞ ࡯ࡊ1ߪ‫ޔ޿ߚ޿ߛޔ‬ᗵᗐ‫ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣޔߢޕߨߔߢޔ‬3ߪ‫ޔߩ޽ޔߣߞ߽ޔ‬᳇ ઃ޿ߚ‫ޔ‬ᚲ‫ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣ࡮࡮࡮ޔߢޕ‬1ߪ‫ߥࠎ⦡ޔߡ޿ߟߦޔ‛޿⾈޿ߚ޿ߛޔ‬ ⠨߃‫ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣޔ߽ߢޔߢޕ‬3ߪ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉߣߞࠂߜ߁߽ޔ‬ຠ‫ޕ⹤ߡ޿ߟߦޔ‬㧔᳇ ߠ޿ߚߎߣߪᗵᗐߢߪߥߊ㧕޽ߩ‫ޔߣߞࠂߜ߁߽ޔ‬ታ㓙ߦ⷗ߚߣ߆⡞޿ߚ ੐ߪ‫߆ߣޔ‬᳇ઃ޿ߚ‫ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣޕ‬3߽‫⾰ޔߩ޽ޔߣߞࠂߜޔ‬໧‫࡞ࠣޔߡߞ޽ޔ‬ ࡯ࡊ1ߪ‫ޔ‬ᗵᗐߣ߆⠨߃‫ޕߔ߹ߡߞ⸒ࠅ߈ߞߪޔߢޔ‬. 䋳䈧䈱䉪䊤䉴䉺䊷䈮䈧䈇䈩 ߿ߞ߬ࠅ‫ߥࠎ⦡޽߹ޔ࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔߣߞࠂߜޔߪޔᤨࠆߔࠍ‛޿⾈ޔ‬⠨߃‫ޔ‬ ߣ߆‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔ‬ຠ‫ޔ߭ޔߩઁߣߞࠂߜޔ߽ߦޔ‬ຠ⾰ߣ߆‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߩࡈࠔࡦࠢ ࡚ࠪࡦߣ߆‫ߣߞࠂߜޔࠍޔ‬⠨߃‫ߣ޿ߥࠄߥ߫ࠇߌߥޔ‬ᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ࠅ߬ߞ߿ޕ‬ ᣣᧄੱߪ‫ߩ࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔ‬ᔒะ߇ᒝ޿ߞߡ⸒ࠊࠇߡ߹ߔ‫ޔߢޕ‬ᣣᧄੱߪ⾈޿‛ ࠍߒߡࠆ‫ޔߪޔᤨࠆߔޔ߹ޔ‬ᄙಽ‫ᦨޔ‬ೋߦࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠߩ‫ޔ‬੐ࠍ⠨߃ߡ‫ޔ‬ᄙ ಽ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔ‬ຠࠍ⾈ߞߡߒ߹޿߹ߔ‫ޔ߹ޔߢࠇߘޔߢޕ‬൩⺰ઁߩㆬᛯ߽޽ ࠆ‫ޔ߽ߤࠇߌޔ‬ᣣᧄੱߛߞߚࠄ‫ߩޔ࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔߩ޽ޔࠅ߬ߞ߿ޔ‬ᣇ߽‫ޔ‬ㆬ ߱ߞߡ޿߁ᗵߓ‫ޕ‬. 䋵䋮䋳㩷 ⵬⿷⾰໧ ‫ᦨ⑳ޟ‬ㄭࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠߩ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ߿ᖱႎࠍ᳇ߦߥߞߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޠ‬㧦㧔ᦨㄭߡ⸒߁ߩߪ㧕ᦨㄭߢߔ‫ޕ‬6᦬‫ޕ‬㧔૗߆ᄐߦߥߞߡ㔀⹹ࠍ⾈ߞߡߞߡ ޿߁⹤ߪ߿ߞ߬ߎߩ‫ޔ‬6᦬㧕ߪ޿‫ޕ‬㧔ᷰᣣ⋥ᓟߩ㧕ᄙಽ4᦬ߦ߹ߛ‫ޔߩ޽ޔ‬ ቇᩞߪᆎ߹ߞߚ߫ߞ߆ࠅߢ‫ޕߡߡߞ౉ޔࠍޔ࡞ࠢ࡯ࠨߥࠎ⦡ޔߛ߹ߢࠇߘޔ‬ ߢ‫ޔߩ޽ޔߩઁޔ‬ᣂߒ޿಴᧪ߚ෹㆐ߪ‫ޔߩ޽ޔ‬ㆆࠎߛࠅߣ߆‫ޔ߽ߢޔ‬5᦬ߦ ౉ߞߡ‫ߚ޿⌕ߜ⪭ޔ߹ޔߣߞࠂߜޔ‬ᗵߓ㧫⊝߽‫ޔ‬ീᒝߣ߆‫ޔߡߡߞ౉ޔ߽ޔ‬ ߩ⁁ᘒ‫ޔࠎߤࠎߤߢࠇߘޔߡߞ޽߽࠻࡯ࡐ࡟ޔߩ޽ޔ߽࠻࡯ࡐ࡟ߥࠎ⦡ޕ‬ ߛࠎߛࠎ‫ޔߩ޽ޔ‬෹㆐ߣߩઃ߈ว޿‫ޔ߹ޔ‬ㆆ߱ᤨ㑆߇ዋߥߊߥߞߡ㧔߰࡯ ࠎ㧕‫⥄ᤨߩߘޔ߹ޔߣߞࠂߜޔࠄ߆ߚߞߥޕ‬ಽ߇‫੹ޔ‬૗ࠍߒߚᣇ߇⦟޿߆‫ޔ‬. 䋭㪈㪉㪇䋭.

(21) ߣ޿߁߆‫ࠆ߿ޔ߹ޔࠎ࡯߁ޔ‬੐‫ࠆ޽ޕߨ߆ߔߢޔ‬⒳‫⥝ޔߩ޽ޔ‬๧߇޽ࠆ߆ ࠄ㧔߁ࠎ߁ࠎ㧕‫ޔ‬㔀⹹ࠍ⾈ߞߡ‫ޕߢࠎ⺒ߢࠇߘޔ‬㧔XXXߦ޿ߚߣ߈ߪ㧕ߛ ޿ߚ޿޽ߩ‫⧓ޔ‬⢻ੱߩ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬߣ߆ࠍ⺒ࠎߛࠅ‫ޔ߁޿߁ߘޔ‬㔀⹹ࠍ‫ޔ‬ᄙಽ ⾈ߞߡ‫ޕ‬ᄁߞߡ޿ࠆ㔀⹹߽‫ߩࠞ࡝ࡔࠕ޿ߚ޿ߛޔ‬㔀⹹ߛ߆ࠄ‫ߩߘޔߩ޽ޔ‬ ਛߦタߞߡ޿ࠆ‛ߪ‫ޔ߽ߢޕ޿ߥ߃⾈ޔ߽ߡߞ߇ߚ޿⾈ޔ‬YYYߩ㔀⹹ߪ‫ޔ‬ ᣣᧄߩ㔀⹹ߣߛ޿ߚ޿หߓߢߔߨ‫ߪ࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉ࡯ࠎޕ‬㆑޿߹ߔߌߤ‫ߚ޿ߛޕ‬ ޿ࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠ‫ޔ‬タߞߡ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬YYYߪ‫ޔߪ‛޿⾈ޔ‬቟޿ߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬㧔⦟޿ߥߣ ᕁߞߚࠄ㧕⾈ߞߡ߽޿޿ࠎߢߔߌߤ‫߇ᤨ޿ߥࠊ⾈ࠅ߬ߞ߿ޔ‬ᄙ޿‫ޕ‬㧔ߘߩ ℂ↱ߪ㧕߽ߞߣ቟ߊߡ‫߽ߢޔ‬หߓࠃ߁ߥ‫ޔࠍ‛ޔ‬តߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ‫ޟ‬ᣣᧄੱߩ෹ߚߜߩਛߢࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ߩ‛߫߆ࠅ⾈߁ੱ߽޿ࠆ‫ޠ‬㧦 ෹㆐ߩਛߦ‫ޔ੹ޔߪޔ‬෹㆐ߣ޿߁߆‫ޔ‬2ߟߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߇޽ߞߡ‫ޔߢࠇߘޔ‬ ޽ߩ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔ‬ຠ‫ޔߩ޽ޔߪੱ߁⾈ޔࠅ߆߫ޔ‬1ߟߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢ‫ޔߣ޽ޔ‬1 ߟߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩੱ㆐ߪ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔ߃ޔࠅ߹޽ޔ‬ຠߩ⹤߇޽߹ࠅߒߥ޿߆ࠄ‫ޕ‬ 㧔2ߟߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ෹㆐ߣㆆ߱㗫ᐲߪ㧕ᦨㄭߪ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔߩ޽ޔ‬ຠߪ‫ޔߩޔ‬ ⹤ߪ޽߹ࠅߒߥ޿‫ޔ‬෹㆐ߣࠃߊ৻✜ߦ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧔ߘߩℂ↱ߪ㧕ᄙಽ‫ޔ‬⠨߃ ᣇ߇ㄭ޿߆ࠄ‫ޕ‬㧔⠨߃ᣇ߇ㄭ޿ߩߪࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠߩߎߣએᄖߦ߽㧕⾈޿‛ࠃ ࠅ‫ޔ޽߹ޔߩઁޔߩ޽ޔ‬㕙⊕޿੐‫ޔ߆ޔ‬ᭉߒ޿੐߽޽ࠆߞߡ޿߁ᗵߓ‫ޕ‬ ‫ޟ‬ᣣᧄੱߪ߅ߺ߿ߍ߇ᅢ߈ߢߔ‫ޠ‬㧦㧔⺞ᩏදജ⠪߇ᣣᧄߦ᧪ߡ⚻㛎ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ߣ޿߁⾰໧ߦኻߒߡ㧕ߘ߁ ߢߔߨ‫ޔߥࠎ⦡ޕ‬೨ߦ‫ޔߩ޽ޔ‬ೋ߼ߡᣣᧄߦ᧪ߚᤨ‫ޔ߽ޔ‬ኅᣖߣ৻✜ߦᣏ ⴕߒߚࠎߢߔߨ‫ޔߩ޽ޕ‬㑐⷏ߩᣇߢ‫ޔߩ޽ޔߢߎߘޕ‬หߓ‫࡯࡞ࠣޔߩ޽ޔ‬ ࡊߩ‫ੱޔ‬㆐ߪ޿ߞ߬޿޿ߚ‫ߑࠊߑࠊޔߩ޽ޔ޽߹ޔߤߌߔߢࠎߚ޿ޔ‬บḧ ߆ࠄ᧪ߚ߆ࠄ‫ߪߣߥ޿⦟߽ߡߞ⾈޿߬ߞ޿ޔ‬ᕁߞߡ‫ߩ޽ޔߤߌޔ‬หߓ߅࿯ ↥ߩᐫߦ‫ޔߩ޽ޔ‬ᣣᧄੱߩⷰశቴ߽޿ߚࠎߛߌߤ‫ੱߩߘޔߩ޽ޔ‬㆐߽‫޿ޔ‬ ߞ߬޿ࠍ⾈ߞߡ‫ޔߞ޽ޔߣߞࠂߜߪ⑳ᤨߩߘޔ‬ᣣᧄੱߛߞߚࠄ‫ޔ߽ߢߟ޿ޔ‬ ޽ߩ‫ޔ‬ᣏⴕ಴᧪ࠆ‫ޔ‬ᗵߓߥࠎߢ㧔߁ࠎ߁ࠎ߁ࠎ㧕‫ޔ‬૗ߢ޿ߞ߬޿⾈ߞߜ߾ ߞߚ߆ߥߣᕁߞߡ‫ޕ‬ 㧔ߎߩࠃ߁ߥⴕേߪYYY߿XXXߩੱߪ㧕ߒߥ޿ߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬ ࿖ౝᣏⴕߣ߆‫߅ޔࠅ߹޽ޔ‬࿯↥ࠍ⾈ࠊߥ޿ࠎߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᶏᄖߦⴕߞߚࠄ‫޿⾈ޔ‬ ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࿖ౝߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙಽ‫ޔߩ޽ޔߒ߽ޔ‬หߓᚲߦ2࿁‫ޔ߹ޔ‬2ᐲ‫ޔ‬2࿁㧫᧪ࠄࠇߥ ޿ߥࠄ‫ޔ‬ᄙಽ⾈޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ‫↵ޟ‬ᕈࠃࠅᅚᕈߩᣇߪࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠ߇ᅢ߈ࠄߒ޿‫ޠޕ‬㧦㧔ߎࠇߪ㧕ߤߎߢ߽㧔ㅢߓࠆ⹤㧕ߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬㧔ߘߩ⠨߃ߪ㧕߿ߞ߬ࠅኅᣖ㧔ߩ. 䋭㪈㪉㪈䋭.

(22) ᓇ㗀ߦࠃࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬㧔ኅᣖ߇ߎ߁޿߁⹤㗴ࠍ㧕߁ࠎ‫ࠆ޿ߡߞ⸒ޔ‬㧔߅ῳߐࠎߪ ޽߹ࠅ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔ‬ຠߪᅢ߈ߓ߾ߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧕ߘ߁ߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬೨ߦ޽ߩ‫⇐ߩઁޔ‬ቇ ↢ߣ৻✜ߦ⾈޿‛ࠍ‫ߣ޽ޔߣ⑳ޔߩ޽ޔᤨߚߞⴕޔߦޔ‬2ੱߩᅚߩሶߪ‫޽ޔ‬ ߩ‫ޔ‬૗ߩᐫߢߒߚ‫ޔߣߞࠂߜޔߩ޽ޔ‬ᵗ᦯ߩᐫߦ౉ߞߡ‫ߔޔࠇߎޔߩ޽ޔ‬ ߏ޿߆ࠊ޿޿ࠎߢ‫ߩ࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉߩߎޔ‬ᵗ᦯ߔߏ޿߆ࠊ޿޿‫ߌߚߡߒޔ⹤ߩޔ‬ ߤ‫ߩ↵ޔ‬ሶ㆐ߪ‫ࠇߎ࡯߃ޔ‬㜞޿ࠃ࡯‫ޕߡࠇࠊ⸒ߡߞޔ‬㧔ߘߩᣣᧄੱߩ߅෹ ㆐ߢ‫ޔ࠭ࡦ࡯ࠫޔ‬6ਁ౞ߩ⾈ߞߚ↵ߩੱߪߜࠂߞߣ⃟ߒ޿߆ߣ޿߁໧޿ߦ㧕 ⃟ߒߊߥ޿ߌߤ‫ޔߪੱ߁޿߁ߎࠅ߬ߞ߿ޔ‬ዋߥ޿ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޔߥࠎߘޕ‬6ਁ ౞ߢ‫ߣߞࠂߜߪߩ߁߾ߜߞ⾈ޔ‬൩૕ή޿‫ޕ޿ߏߔޔߡߊߥ߾ߓߣߞࠂߜޕ‬6 ਁ‫ޔ‬1ࡩ᦬૏ߩ↢ᵴ⾌㧔߁ࠎߘ߁ߨ㧕‫ߩߘޕ‬૏ߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬ ‫ޟ‬namebrand goods are not necessarily better‫ޠ‬㧦 XXXߢ‫ߛ߹ޔ‬XXXߦ޿ߚᤨ‫ࠎߚ⷗ࠍ⚵⇟ߣߞࠂߜޔߢࡆ࡟࠹ߣߞࠂߜޔ‬ ߢߔߨ‫ߣߞࠂߜޕ‬หߓ૏ߩ‫ޔߩ޽ޔߪᤨߩߘޔ‬ሶߤ߽ߩᵗ᦯ߛߞߚߌߤ‫ޔ‬ หߓࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔߤߌߛࠎߥࠫ࡯ࡖࠫ޿⿒ޔߩ޽ޔߥࠎ⦡ޔ‬1ߟߪ‫ޔ‬NIKE‫ޔߢޔ‬ ࠬࡐ࡯࠷ߩࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼‫ߣ޽ޕ‬1ߟߪ‫ޔߪ࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉߩ޽ޔ‬ή޿ࠎߢߔߨ‫ߘޔߢޕ‬ ߩᤨ‫ޔ‬୯Ბ߇NIKEߪ‫ߣ޽ޔߩ޽ޔ‬1ߟߩ3୚૏ߢ‫ޔ߽ߢޔ‬ຠ⾰ߣ߆‫ޔߥࠎ⦡ޔ‬ ޽‫⎇ޔߌޔ‬ⓥ‫ޔߢࠇߘޔߢޔ߆ޔ‬ຠ⾰ߣ߆‫ࠅ߹ࠎ޽ޔ‬ᄌࠊࠄߥ޿߆ࠄ‫ޕ‬ ‫ޟ‬ᚻ૞ࠅߩ߽ߩ߽ߔߏߊ㜞޿‫ޠޕ‬㧦 YYYߢ߽ߘ߁ߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄߢߪ‫ߚ⷗ޕࠎߖ߹ߡ⷗ޔ‬੐ή޿ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ‫ߗߥޟ‬ᣣᧄੱߩࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ᔒะߪߎࠎߥߦᒝ޿ߢߔ߆‫ޠ‬㧦㧔ߎߩ⠨߃ߪ‫ߛࠎ⺒ޔ‬ᢥ┨ߩਛߩࠛࡇ࠰࡯࠼߆ࠄ߆‫ޔ߽ߣࠇߘޔ‬ᣣᧄߦ᧪ ߡ੹⷗ߡ޿ߡ߆ࠄ߆ߣ޿߁໧޿ߦኻߒߡ㧕ߘࠇߪ‫ޔ‬ਔᣇߣᕁ߁‫ޕ‬YYYߪ‫ޔ‬ ߿ߞ߬ࠅ⧯⠪ߩᣇ߇‫ޔ‬ᄙಽ‫ߩ࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔ‬ᔒะߪ‫ޔ‬ᒝ޿ߢߔߌߤ‫ޔ‬XXXߪ‫ޔ‬ ޽ࠎ߹ࠅߘࠎߥߦᒝߊߥ޿ߢߔ‫ޕ‬㧔YYYߩ⧯⠪ߩᣇ߇ࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ᔒะ߇ᒝ޿ ߩߪ㧕ᣣᧄߪ‫޿ߚ޿ߛޔ‬หߓ૏‫ޔߣ࡯޽ޕ‬ᐕߦ㑐ଥή޿‫ߩޔ‬ᗵߓ߇ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ‫ޟ‬ᣣᧄߛߌߢߪߥߊ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔ‬ᔒะߪᶏᄖߢ߽ᵹⴕߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޠޕ‬㧦㧔YYY㧘XXX‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄએᄖߩ࿖߽⠨߃ߡࠆ߆ߣ޿߁໧޿ߦኻߒߡ㧕ߘ߁ߢߔ ߨ‫ߦࠬࡦ࡜ࡈ੹ޔߩ޽ޕࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬૑ࠎߢ޿ࠆ෹㆐߽޿ࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬ ᦨㄭߜࠂߞߣ‫ޔࠍࠇߎޔߩ޽ޔ߆ߣࠅߚߒ࠻࠶ࡖ࠴ߢ࠻࠶ࡀޔ߹ޔߒ⹤ޔ‬ ⾈ߞߚߣ߆‫ޔߪࠇߘ߽ߢޔߢޕ‬ᄙಽ‫ߩࡄ࠶ࡠ࡯࡛ࠅ߬ߞ߿ޔ‬ᣇ߇‫ޔ‬቟޿‫ޕ‬ ‫ߩ⑳ޟ‬ኅᣖߪ޿ߟ߽ࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ࠃࠅຠ⾰ߦࠃߞߡ⾈޿‛ࠍߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޠ‬㧦 ᄙಽ‫ߩⷫޔ‬ᣇ߇‫ᦨޔࠅߪ߿ޕߨߔߢ߁ߘޔ‬ೋߦ‫ޔ‬㧔⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߩਔⷫ߇㧕. 䋭㪈㪉㪉䋭.

(23) ⚿ᇕߒߚᤨߪ‫߅ߣߞࠂߜޔ‬㊄߇ή޿ᗵߓߢߔߏ޿㗎ᒛߞߡ߈ߡ‫߁ߘޔߢޔ‬ ޿߁⠨߃߇‫ޕ‬ ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޟ‬ຠࠍోὼ⾈ࠊߥ޿ᣣᧄੱ߽޿ࠆ߆‫ޠޕ‬㧦㧔⺞ᩏදജ⠪⥄りߩ⠨߃ߢߪ㧕߁࡯ࠎ‫ޕߥ߆޿ߥ޿ޕ‬㧔YYYߢߪ㧕޿ࠆ ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬㧔XXXߪ㧕⛘ኻ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ‫ޠޕ߆߁߹ߒߡߞ╉߽ߟ޿ߣࠆ⷗ࠍࡄ࠶࡝ࠬߩ࡟ࠗ࠻ߪ࡯ࠖ࠹ࡌߗߥޟ‬㧦㧔⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߩ⠨߃ߢߪ㧕ᄙಽࡌ࠹ࠖߦߣߞߡ‫ߡߞޕ޿ߒ߆߅ޔߪࠇߎޔ‬ ޿߁߆‫ߣ߆ߔ߹޿߾ߜߞ⾈ޔߢޔ࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉߡࠎߥޔߡࠎߥޔࡄ࠶࡝ࠬޔ‬ᕁ ߞߡ‫ޕ‬ ‫ࠍ࡯ࠚࡈࠞ߿ࡦ࡜࠻ࠬ࡟ޔߊߥ߾ߓߌߛ‛޿⾈ޟ‬ㆬ߱ᤨ߽ੱ᳇߇޽ࠆ Chain-Storeߩᣇࠍㆬ߱ᤨ߇ᄙ޿ࠄߒ޿‫ޠޕ‬㧦㧔ᣣᧄߩ෹㆐ߦℂ↱ࠍ⡞޿ߡߺߚߣߎࠈ㧕ZZZxiiiߛߞߚࠄ‫ޔ‬ᄙಽઁߩᚲή ޿߆ࠄ‫ޔߩઁޔ߽ߢޔߤߌߛߩߊⴕߜߞߘޔ‬෹㆐ߩ‫ޔ‬ZZZએᄖߩᚲߦ૑ࠎߢ ޿ࠆ෹㆐ߦ⡞ߊ‫ޔ‬⡞ߊߣ‫࠼ޕߨߔߢ߁ߘޕࠄ߆޿ߒ޿߅ޔ޽ޔߣߞࠂߜޔ‬ ࡯࠽࠶࠷‫߇ޔ‬ᅢ߈ߢߔ‫ޕ߆ߣޔ‬㧔⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߪXXX߿YYYߦ࠴ࠚ࡯ࡦࠬ࠻ ࠕ߇㧕޽ߞߡ߽୘ੱ⚻༡ߩዊߐߥᐫߦ߽ⴕߊ߆ߣ޿߁໧޿ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬୘ੱ ⚻༡ߩᐫ㧕ߦ߽ⴕ߈߹ߔߨ‫৻ޔߩ޽ޔߪࠇߘޕ‬࿁⹜ߒߡ‫ޔ޿ߒ޿߅ߢࠇߘޔ‬ ߣᕁߞߚࠄ‫ޔߢޕߊⴕߚ߹ߩ޽ޔ‬XXXߢ‫ޔߩ޽ޔ߆ߣࠬࠢ࠶ࡃ࡯࠲ࠬޔ‬ᐫ ߦࠃߞߡ‫ߪߐߒ޿߅ޔߩ޽ޔ‬㆑޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄߪߛ޿ߚ޿หߓ૏ߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬YYY ߽ߛ޿ߚ޿หߓ૏ߢߔ‫ޕ‬YYYߩੱߪ㧔࠴ࠚ࡯ࡦࠬ࠻ࠕࠃࠅ߽㧕ߜࠂߞߣ․ ೎ߥᐫࠍㆬ߱ᤨ߇ᄙ޿ߢߔ‫ޕ‬୘ੱ⚻༡ߩᐫߢߔ‫ޔߪࠇߘޕ‬ᄙಽ‫ޔߩ޽ޔ‬YYY ߩੱߪ‫ޔ޿ߒ⃟ޔߩ޽ޔ‬ᐫ߆㘩ߴ‛߇ᅢ߈ߛ߆ࠄ‫ߩ⑳ޕ‬෹㆐߽‫࠶ࡀߊࠃޔ‬ ࠻ߢ⺞ߴߡ‫੹ޔ‬ᐲߎߩᐫߦⴕ߆ߥ޿㧫ߞߡ‫ޕߊࠃޕ‬ ‫ޟ‬ᣣᧄߦ᧪ߡ߆ࠄ੹߹ߢ‫ޔ‬⍮ࠅวߞߚ෹ߚߜߪ߶ߣࠎߤࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ߩ⽷Ꮣࠍ ᜬߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޠޕ‬㧦 ᧄᒰߦ‫ޕߨߔߢ߁ߘޔ‬. 䋵䋮䋴㩷 ࿑䋲䈱✚ว⊛⸃㉼⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߪࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯1ࠍ‫ߣޠ‛޿⾈ޟ‬ฬߠߌߚ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏදജ⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ ੱߩ෹ੱߣߩធ⸅⚻㛎ߦၮߠ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄੱߪࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠߩ⾼⾈ᗧ᰼ߩ㜞ߐ ߦ⾼⾈ⴕേ߇઻ߞߡ޿ࠆߣᜰ៰ߒߟߟ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏදജ⠪⥄りߪ‫ޔ‬ኅᣖߩ‫ޟ‬ᔅⷐ. 䋭㪈㪉㪊䋭.

(24) એ਄ߩ߽ߩࠍ⾈ࠊߥ޿‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ၷታߥᆫ൓ߦᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߽޽ߞ ߡ‫⾈⾼ޔ‬㑐ᔃ߇ታ㓙ߩⴕേߦ⚿߮ߟ߆ߕ‫߽ࠅࠃ࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޔ‬୯Ბ߿ຠ⾰ࠍఝ వߔࠆߣߒߚ‫৻ߩߘޕ‬ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬ೝỗߣߔࠆ⺒⸃ᢥߦ಴ߡߊࠆ߅࿯↥ߩ⠌ᘠࠍ ᜬߟᣣᧄੱߦኻߒ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏදജ⠪⥄り߽ᣏⴕߥߤߩ⸥ᔨߦ߅࿯↥ࠍ⾈ߞߡߒ ߹߁ⴕേࠍᝄࠅ㄰ࠅ‫౒ޔ‬ᗵߒߚ‫↵ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᕈࠃࠅᅚᕈߩ߶߁߇ࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠ ࠍᅢߺ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉߥࠈ޿ࠈ޿ޔ‬ຠࠍ⾈߁ߩߦኻߒߡ‫↵ޔ‬ᕈߪૃߚࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ ߩࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠࠍ⾈߁ߣ޿߁ᕈᏅࠍ‫⇐ࠅߪ߿ޔ‬ቇਛߩᣣᧄੱߣߩធ⸅⚻㛎ߦ ߽ߣߠ޿ߡᜰ៰ߒߚ‫߇ࠬ࡜ࡊߪࠫ࡯ࡔࠗߩ࡯࠲ࠬ࡜ࠢޕ‬3㗄⋡‫ޔ‬0߇1㗄⋡ߢ‫ޔ‬ ࡑࠗ࠽ࠬ߇2㗄⋡ߢߤߜࠄ߆ߣ޿߃߫ਛ┙⊛ߥࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᰴߦ⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߪࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯2ࠍ‫ߣߞ߽ࠅࠃ࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޟ‬㊀ⷐߥߎߣࠍ⠨߃ ߡ⾈޿‛ࠍߒߚ߶߁߇޿޿‫ߣޠ‬ฬߠߌߚ‫⺞ߪߢߎߎޕ‬ᩏදജ⠪ߪᣣᧄߢߪ ߥߊ‫ޔ‬XXXߢหㇹߩ෹ੱ߇ࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠ߇ᅢ߈ߥߎߣࠍ⺑᣿ߒ‫ޔ‬หߓ࿯࿾ߦ ૑ࠎߢ޿ߡ߽⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߩኅᣖߪߘߩࠃ߁ߥ⾼⾈ⴕേࠍߣࠄߥ޿ߣㅀߴߚ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫⇐ޔ‬ቇਛߦ಴ળߞߚᣣᧄੱߩ෹ੱ߇6ਁ౞ߩࠫ࡯ࡦ࠭ࠍ⾈ߞߚߎߣࠍ㕖 Ᏹߦሜߒߘ߁ߦ⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߦႎ๔ߒߚߎߣࠍㅪᗐߒߚ‫ߩࠄߜߤޕ‬෹ੱߩⴕ േ߽‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏදജ⠪ߩኅᣖߩⴕേߣߪ⇣ߥࠆ‫࡜ࡊߪࠫ࡯ࡔࠗߩ࡯࠲ࠬ࡜ࠢޕ‬ ࠬ߇1㗄⋡‫߇ࠬ࠽ࠗࡑޔ‬3㗄⋡ߢߤߜࠄ߆ߣ޿߃ุ߫ቯ⊛ߥࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߣߥߞ ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᦨᓟߦ⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߪࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯3ࠍ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޟ‬ᔒะ߇ᒝ޿‫ߣޠ‬ฬߠߌߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎߎߢߪ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏදജ⠪߇಴ળߞߚᣣᧄੱߪߥࠎࠄ߆ߩࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠࠍᜬߞߡ ޿ߚߣ޿߁⚻㛎߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄੱߢࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠࠍ1ߟ߽ᜬߞߡ޿ߥ޿ੱߪ޿ߥ޿ ߩߢߪߥ޿ߛࠈ߁߆ߣផ᷹ߒߚ‫ޔߊߥߪߢߌߛ‛޿⾈ޔߚ߹ޕ‬㘶㘩ߦ߅޿ ߡ߽‫ޔ‬XXX߿YYYߩੱߣߪ⇣ߥࠅ‫ޔ‬୘ੱ⚻༡ߩᐫࠃࠅ߽࠴ࠚ࡯ࡦᐫࠍㆬ߱ ௑ะ߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍ‫⇐ࠅߪ߿ޔ‬ቇਛߩᣣᧄߢߩ⚻㛎ߦ߽ߣߠ޿ߡᜰ៰ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߘߩ৻ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬ೝỗߣߒߚ⺒⸃ᢥߩࡌ࠹ࠖ࡯߇ࡎ࡯ࡓࠬ࠹ࠗߢ࠻ࠗ࡟ߩࠬ࡝ ࠶ࡄߦࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠ߇૶ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆߩࠍ⷗ߡ╉ߞߡߒ߹߁ⴕേߪℂ⸃ߢ߈ߕ‫ޔ‬ ⥄ಽߥࠄ‫ߣޠߥ޿ߏߔޟ‬⢐ቯ⊛ߦ⹏ଔߔࠆߣߒߚ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ᣣᧄߢ⍮ࠅว ߞߚᣣᧄੱߩ↵ሶቇ↢߇‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠߩ⽷Ꮣࠍ⾈߁߅㊄߇ߚ߹ࠆ߹ ߢ‫ޔ‬უࠇߚࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠߩ⽷Ꮣࠍ૶ߞߡ޿ࠆߩࠍ⷗ߚ⚻㛎ࠍᕁ޿಴ߒ‫ޔ‬෹ੱ ߇ߘߩࠃ߁ߥⴕേࠍߣࠆℂ↱߇ℂ⸃ߢ߈ߥ޿ߣߒߚ‫࡯ࡔࠗߩ࡯࠲ࠬ࡜ࠢޕ‬ ࠫߪࡊ࡜ࠬ߇2㗄⋡‫߇ࠬ࠽ࠗࡑޔ‬2㗄⋡ߢࡊ࡜ࠬߣࡑࠗ࠽ࠬ߇⋧Ვߐࠇࠆߎ ߣߦࠃߞߡਛ┙⊛ߥࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬. 䋭㪈㪉㪋䋭.

(25) ⺞ ᩏ ද ജ ⠪ ߪ ‫ో࡯࠲ࠬ࡜ࠢޔ‬૕ߪࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠߦ㑐ㅪߒߡ޿ߡ‫ࠬ࡜ࠢޔ‬ ࠲࡯1ߪࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠߦኻߔࠆ⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߩ߿߿ุቯ⊛ߥ⠨߃߇಴ߚߩߦኻ ߒ‫࡯࠲ࠬ࡜ࠢޔ‬2㧘3ߪ୘ੱ⊛ߥ⚻㛎ߦၮߠ޿ߡ޿ࠆὐߢ౒ㅢߒ‫࠲ࠬ࡜ࠢޔ‬ ࡯2߇୘ੱ⊛ߥ⠨߃߇߿߿ᒝߊ‫࡯࠲ࠬ࡜ࠢޔ‬3߇৻⥸⊛ߥ⠨߃߇಴ߡ޿ࠆὐ ߇⇣ߥࠆߣߒߚ‫ࠅߪ߿ߪߦ⊛⚳ᦨߡߒߘޕ‬ᣣᧄੱߪࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ᔒะ߇ᒝ޿ߣ ⸒ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆߣߒ‫⥄ޔ‬ಽ߽‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄੱߥࠄઁߦ߽ㆬᛯ⢇߇޽ߞߚ႐วߢ߽ࡉ ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠࠍㆬᛯߔࠆߣ޿߁ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆߣߒߚ‫࠽ࠗࡑ࡮ࠬ࡜ࡊޕ‬ ࠬ࡮0ߩ⹏ଔߪ‫ోޔ‬૕ߢࡊ࡜ࠬ߇6㗄⋡‫߇ࠬ࠽ࠗࡑޔ‬7㗄⋡‫ޔ‬0߇1㗄⋡ߢ‫ోޔ‬ ૕⊛ߦߪ߿߿ਛ┙⊛ߥࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࠍᜬߞߚߣ޿߃ࠆ‫⹏ߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ଔߪਛ┙ ⊛ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏදജ⠪ߩ⊒⸒߆ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬ᶖ⾌⠪ߪࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ࠃࠅ߽߽ߞߣ㊀ ⷐߥߎߣࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡ⾈޿‛ࠍߔߴ߈ߣ޿߁⾫޿ᶖ⾌⠪ߣߒߡߩ޽ࠅᣇߦߪ ᒝ޿ᗧ⷗ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏදജ⠪ߩଔ୯ⷰ߇‫⥄ޔ‬ಽߣ⇣ߥࠆଔ୯ⷰࠍᜬ ߞߚੱߣߩ಴ળ޿㧔ᣣᧄੱ↵ሶቇ↢㧕ߣߩ⋧ኻൻߦࠃߞߡ᣿⏕ൻߒߚࠃ߁ ߦⷰኤߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ⺞ᩏදജ⠪߇⺒⸃ᢥࠍ⺒ࠎߢᕁ޿ᶋ߆ߴߚࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߪߤࠇ߽ ⥄ࠄߩኅᣖ࡮෹㆐ߣ޿ߞߚౕ૕⊛ߦ⥄ಽߣធ⸅ߩ޽ࠆੱ‛ߩⴕേ߿⠨߃ᣇ ߣኒߦ⚿߮ߟ޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩࠢ࡜ࠬߢቇࠎߛߎߣ࡮ᓧߚᖱႎ߿⺒⸃ᢎ ᧚⥄りߦ฽߹ࠇࠆᖱႎࠃࠅ߽‫⥄ޔ‬ಽ߇ⷰኤߒ૕㛎ߒߚߎߣ߇ࠃࠅᄢ߈ߊᓇ 㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇⷗ߡขࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ធ⸅ߩ޽ࠆੱ㑆߆ࠄฃߌߚᓇ㗀߇ᄢ߈ ޿ࠊߌߛ߇‫ੱߩߘޔ‬㑆ߦߪធ⸅࿁ᢙߩᄙ޿ߪߕߩᣣᧄ⺆ߩࠢ࡜ࠬߩᢎຬ߿ ࠢ࡜ࠬࡔࠗ࠻߇౉ߞߡ޿ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߽⇐ᗧߔߴ߈ὐߛࠈ߁‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᣣ ᧄߦ᧪ߡ߆ࠄ߽᡿ㇹߩ෹ੱ߿ኅᣖߩ⸒േ߇ᣣᧄߢߩ૕㛎ߣㅪേߒߡᗐ⿠ߐ ࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ߦ․ޔ‬ኅᣖߩਈ߃ࠆᓇ㗀߇ᄢ߈޿ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩߎߣࠍᄢ߈ߥᨒ⚵ߺߢᝒ߃⋥ߔߣ‫⸃⺒ޔ‬ᢎ᧚ߣߩࠗࡦ࠲࡜࡚ࠢࠪࡦ ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫⸃⺒ߣੱᧄޔ‬ᢎ᧚એᄖߩࡕࡁࠧ࠻߇ౕ૕⊛ߥࠛࡇ࠰࡯࠼ࠍ઻ߞ ߡ༐⿠ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ߪ࠻ࠧࡁࡕߩߘޔߚ߹ޔ‬ធ⸅㗫ᐲ߇ᄙߌࠇ߫༐⿠ߐࠇࠆ ߣ޿߁ࠊߌߢߪߥߊ‫⋥߃ߣߚޔ‬ㄭߩធ⸅߇ߥߊߣ߽ᧄੱߦߣߞߡᄢ߈ߥᗧ ๧ࠍᜬߟ߽ߩߢ޽ࠇ߫㗫❥ߦ༐⿠ߐࠇࠆߣ޿߁‫ޟ‬ធ⸅ߩ⾰‫߇ޠ‬㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ ߎߣࠍ␜ໂߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬. 䋭㪈㪉㪌䋭.

(26) 㧢㧚✚ว⊛⠨ኤ ⇐ቇ೨ߣ⇐ቇਛߩ2ᐲߦࠊߚߞߡታᣉߒߚ㧼㧭㧯ಽᨆߩᲧセ߆ࠄᜰ៰ߢ ߈ࠆߎߣߪᄢ߈ߊಽߌߡ‫⇐ޟޔ‬ቇ೨ߣ⇐ቇਛߢߪᣣᧄ⺆ࠢ࡜ࠬߩᖱႎឭଏ Ḯߣߒߡߩᓇ㗀ജ߇⇣ߥࠆߎߣ‫ੱޟߣޠ‬㑆㑐ଥ‫ߦ․ޔ‬ኅᣖߦ㑐ߔࠆ⚻㛎߇ ᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫ߩޠ‬2ὐߢ޽ࠆ‫ߡ޿ߟߦࠇߙࠇߘߪߢ▵ᧄޕ‬⠨ ኤࠍട߃‫⎇ߩߎޔ‬ⓥߩᗧ⟵ߣ੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ߹ߣ߼ߚ޿‫ޕ‬. 䋶䋮䋱㩷 ⇐ቇ೨䈫⇐ቇਛ䈪䈲ᣣᧄ⺆䉪䊤䉴䈱ᖱႎឭଏḮ䈫䈚䈩䈱 ᯏ⢻䈏⇣䈭䉎⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߪ⇐ቇ೨ߦ߽㜞ᩞᤨߦ੤឵⇐ቇ↢ߣߒߡ᧪ߡ޿ߚᣣᧄੱቇ↢ ߣߩ੤ᵹߪ޽ߞߚ߇‫ߚߞ޿߁ߘޔ‬ᣣᧄੱߣߩ⋥ធ⊛ߥ੤ᷤ࡮ធ⸅ߪ⺒⸃ᢎ ᧚ߣߩࠗࡦ࠲࡜࡚ࠢࠪࡦߦ޽߹ࠅᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ޔࠈߒ߻ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ ࠢ࡜ࠬ߿ᧄ޽ࠆ޿ߪ࠹࡟ࡆߢᓧߚᖱႎ߇༐⿠ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ߦࠇߘޕ‬ኻߒߡ⇐ ቇਛߩᣣᧄ⺆ࠢ࡜ࠬߪ‫⇐ޔ‬ቇ೨ࠃࠅ߽㗫ᐲ߇ᄙ޿᝼ᬺߢ޽ࠆߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄ ߕ‫⸃⺒ޔ‬ᢎ᧚ߣߩࠗࡦ࠲࡜࡚ࠢࠪࡦߦ߅޿ߡ޽߹ࠅᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ⇐ቇਛߪ‫ޔ‬ធ⸅ߩ㗫ᐲߪᣣᧄ⺆ߩࠢ࡜ࠬߩᢎຬ߿ࠢ࡜ࠬࡔࠗ࠻ࠃࠅ߽ዋߥ ޿ߣ⷗ࠄࠇࠆᣣᧄੱߩ෹ੱ࡮⍮ੱߣߩធ⸅⚻㛎ߦ߽ߣߠߊࠗࡔ࡯ࠫ߇⼾߆ ߦ⃻ࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޔࠄ߆ߣߎߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩࠢ࡜ࠬߪ․ߦ⇐ቇ೨ߩቇ↢ߦ ߣߞߡ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬ᄢ߈ߥᗧ๧ࠍᜬߟߎߣ߇ផ᷹ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⇐ቇ೨ߩቇ⠌⠪ߦߣߞߡᣣᧄ⺆ߩࠢ࡜ࠬߢᓧߚᖱႎ߇ߘߩࠃ߁ߦᄢ߈ߥ ᗧ๧ࠍᜬߟߩߛߣߔࠆߣ‫ߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬ᖱႎ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߥᒻߢቇ⠌⠪ߩࠗࡔ࡯ ࠫᒻᚑߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆ߆ߪ㊀ⷐߢ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬ᵈᗧᷓ޿ᬌ⸽߇ᔅⷐߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ଀߃߫‫⺞ߩߎޔ‬ᩏදജ⠪ߪ⇐ቇ೨ߩ⺞ᩏߢߪ‫ޔ‬ೝỗߣߥߞߚ⺒⸃ᧄᢥࠍ⺒ ࠎߢ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩุቯ⊛ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࠍ༐⿠ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߡోޕ‬ቇ⠌⠪߇หߓࠃ߁ߥ ෻ᔕࠍ␜ߔߣߪ㒢ࠄߥ޿߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬ᢎ᧚ࠍ૶↪ߔࠆᢎᏧ߿ᢎ᧚૞ᚑ⠪ߪߎࠇ ߶ߤุቯ⊛ߥࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࠍฃߌขࠆቇ⠌⠪߽޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍ⹺⼂ߔࠆᔅⷐ ߇޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ㄭᐕ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⑼ᦠߦឭ␜ߐࠇߚᢥൻ⊛ߥᖱႎࠍ੐ታߣߒߡᝒ߃ࠆߎ ߣߩ໧㗴ὐࠍᜰ៰ߒ‫ޔ‬ᛕ್⊛ߦᛒ߁㊀ⷐᕈ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇᆎ߼ߚ㧔૒⮮2007ઁ㧕 ߇‫⎇ᧄޔ‬ⓥ߇␜ໂߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ⇐ቇ೨ߩᣣᧄ⺆ࠢ࡜ࠬ߇ᒰੱߦਈ߃ࠆᓇ㗀߇ ᄢ߈޿น⢻ᕈࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣ‫ߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬એ਄ߦᄙߊߩᣣᧄ⺆ᢎᏧ߇ߘߩߎߣࠍ ߒߞ߆ࠅߣ⹺⼂ߒߚ਄ߢᢎ᧚㐿⊒߿᝼ᬺㆇ༡ࠍߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ቇ. 䋭㪈㪉㪍䋭.

(27) ⠌⠪ߩታᘒߦߟ޿ߡ߽੹ᓟߐࠄߦ⺞ᩏ࡮ಽᨆࠍㅴ߼‫ޔ‬ᬌ⸛ߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬. 䋶䋮䋲㩷 ੱ㑆㑐ଥ䇮․䈮ቇ⠌⠪䈱ኅᣖ䈮㑐䈜䉎⚻㛎䈏 ᄢ䈐䈭ᓇ㗀䉕ਈ䈋䈩䈇䉎 ੱ㑆㑐ଥߦ߽ߣߠߊ⚻㛎߇ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߣߒߡᄙߊ༐⿠ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ߥࠎߤޔ‬ ੱ㑆㑐ଥߥߩ߆ࠍ⠨߃ߡߺࠆߣ⥝๧ᷓ޿ὐ߇޿ߊߟ߆޽ࠆ‫⇐ޔߕ߹ޕ‬ቇ೨ ߩᣣᧄੱߩ෹ੱߣߩធ⸅ߦߪ޽߹ࠅᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޟޔ‬ᣣᧄ ੱߩ⍮ੱ‫ޔ߽ߡ޿߇ޠ‬හߘߩੱ‛ߩ⸒േߥߤߦᄢ߈ߊᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌࠆࠊߌߢ ߪߥ޿ߎߣ߇⷗ߡขࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᶏᄖߢᣣᧄߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎ߇㒢ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆਛ‫ޔ‬ᣣ ᧄੱߣߩ⋥ធߩធ⸅ߪᓇ㗀߇ᄢ߈޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ੍ᗐߐࠇߚ߇‫ߢ߁ߘޔ‬ ߪߥ߆ߞߚߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩᤨὐߢߪቇ⠌⠪ߩኅᣖߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆࠗࡔ࡯ࠫ߇ᄙߊ༐⿠ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ ߛ߇‫ޔ‬ቇ⠌⠪ߩኅᣖߪ⇐ቇਛߩ㧼㧭㧯ಽᨆࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ᗐ⿠ߐ ࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߢⴕࠊࠇߚᤨᦼߩᤨ㑆⊛ߦㄭߊߦㅪ⛊߇޽ ࠆࠊߌߢߪߥߊߣ߽‫ޔ‬ᒝߊࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߐࠇࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቇ⠌⠪ߩ ኅᣖߣ޿߁㕖Ᏹߦ୘ੱ⊛਎⇇ߦዻߔࠆ߽ߩ߇ᣣᧄߦߟ޿ߡߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࠍ༐ ⿠ߔࠆ႐วߦ߽ᒝߊෳᾖߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫⺞ޔߚ߹ޔ‬ᩏදജ⠪ߩ࿖ߩᄢቇ↢ ᵴߩਛߢߩ੤෹㑐ଥߩਛߢߩ಴᧪੐‫ߜࠊߥߔޔ‬ᣣᧄߣߪ⋥ធ㑐ㅪߒߥ޿ࡕ ࡁࠧ࠻߇⇐ቇਛߩᣣᧄṛ࿷ߦၮߠߊ⚻㛎ߦၒᴚߔࠆߎߣߥߊ༐⿠ߐࠇߚߎ ߣߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ⠌⠪ߩኅᣖ߿෹ੱߣߩ㑐ଥ߇޿߆ߦߎߩ⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫᒻ ᚑߦᒝߊ㑐ਈߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߐࠄߦ‫⺞ߩߎޔࠄ߆࠻࡯ࠪࠬࠗࠚࡈޔ‬ᩏදജ⠪߇ੱ㑆㑐ଥߩ᭴▽ߩนุߦ ㊀ⷐᕈࠍ⷗޿ߛߒߡ޿ࠆ᭽ሶ߇⷗ࠄࠇߚ߇‫ޔ‬㧼㧭㧯ಽᨆࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߦ߅ ޿ߡ߽⇐ቇਛߩᣣᧄ⺆ߩࠢ࡜ࠬߩࠢ࡜ࠬࡔࠗ࠻ߦߪ޽߹ࠅᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߡ߅ ࠄߕ‫৻ޔ‬ᣇߢᓐࠄࠃࠅ߽ធ⸅㗫ᐲ߇ૐ޿ᣣᧄੱߩ෹ੱߥߤ߆ࠄᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌ ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ⷰኤߐࠇ‫⺞ߩߎޔ‬ᩏදജ⠪߇නߦੱ㑆㑐ଥߦᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌ߿ߔ ޿ߩߢߪߥߊ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏදജ⠪ߣ㑐ଥߩ޽ࠆੱ߆ࠄߩᓇ㗀ߪ‫ߩߣ‛ੱߩߘޔ‬㑐 ଥߦᔕߓߡࠗࡔ࡯ࠫᒻᚑߦ⴫಴ߐࠇߡ޿ߚࠅ‫޿ߣࠆ޿ߡߒࠅߚߞ߆ߥߒޔ‬ ߁ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ޕ‬. 䋭㪈㪉㪎䋭.

(28) 䋶䋮䋳㩷 ᧄ⎇ⓥ䈱ᗧ⟵䈫੹ᓟ䈱⺖㗴 ᧄ⎇ⓥߪ‫⇐ࠆ޽ޔ‬ቇ↢߇ᣣᧄߦߟ޿ߡߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࠍᒻᚑߔࠆ㓙ߦ‫⇐ޔ‬ቇ೨ ߩᣣᧄ⺆ࠢ࡜ࠬߪ⇐ቇਛࠃࠅ߽ᒝߊᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ߿ᣣᧄੱ ߣ޿߁࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢߘߩ߽ߩߦ⋥ធ㑐ਈߒߥ޿‫ޟ‬ኅᣖ‫⸒ߩޠ‬േ߇⇐ቇ೨߽⇐ቇ ਛ߽ෳᾖߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ኅᣖ߿෹ੱߥߤᗧ๧ߩ޽ࠆធ⸅߇޽ࠆੱ㑆ߣߩ ߿ࠅߣࠅߦᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩቇ⠌⠪ߪ‫⸃⺒ޔ‬ᢎ᧚ߦ⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚᖱႎߦߟ޿ߡ‫⋥ޔ‬ធ⊛ߦ෻ᔕߔࠆ ߩߢߪߥߊ‫⚻ߦߢ߹ࠇߘޔ‬㛎ߒߚኅᣖ߿෹ੱߣߩ୘ੱ⊛ߥࠛࡇ࠰࡯࠼ࠍᗐ ⿠ߒߡ෻ᔕߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬න⚐ߦ࿖☋߿ᐕ㦂ߥߤߩⷐ࿃ߢࡄ࠲࡯ࡦൻߒߡ෻ᔕ ࠍ੍᷹ߔࠆߩߪ㔍ߒ޿ߎߣ߇ౕ૕⊛ߦ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᧄ⎇ⓥ߇⠨ኤߒߚߩߪ1⇐ቇ↢ߦㆊ߉ߕ‫⇐ߩઁ߇ࠇߎޔ‬ቇ↢ߦ߽౒ㅢߒߡ ߺࠄࠇࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ߆ߪᒁ߈⛯߈⺞ᩏߒ‫ޔ‬ᬌ⸽ߔࠆ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ ઒ߦߎߩࠃ߁ߥ௑ะ߇ዋߥ߆ࠄߧᢙߩ⇐ቇ↢ߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆߣߒߚࠄ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ ࠢ࡜ࠬ‫ޔ‬ኅᣖ‫ޔ‬୘‫ੱߩޘ‬㑆㑐ଥߪ୘‫ߩޘ‬ቇ⠌⠪ߩ⚻㛎ߦᔕߓߡᄙ᭽ߢ޽ࠆ ߚ߼‫ޔ‬ᢎ᧚૞ᚑ࡮ᢎ᧚ㆬᛯ࡮᝼ᬺㆇ༡ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޟߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬୘‫ߡߒߣޠ‬෻ ᔕߔࠆቇ⠌⠪߇ⶄᢙ㓸߁ࠢ࡜ࠬࠍ޿߆ߦㆇ༡ߔࠆ߆‫ޔ‬ਛߢ߽⇐ቇ⚻㛎⠪ߣ. ⇐ቇᧂ⚻㛎⠪߇ᷙߓࠆࠢ࡜ࠬࠍ޿߆ߦㆇ༡ߔߴ߈߆‫ࠍ⺰⼏ޔ‬ᷓ߼ࠆᔅ ⷐᕈ߇޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫⎇ᧄޔ‬ⓥߪ⇐ቇ೨ߩࠢ࡜ࠬ߿⇐ቇߔࠆߎߣߩᗧ⟵߇ᓥ᧪⃻႐ߢᢎᏧ߇ ᗵߓߡ޿ࠆએ਄ߦᄢ߈޿น⢻ᕈ߽␜ໂߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᶏᄖߣᣣᧄߣߢߪߘߩᗧ ๧ߢ߽⇣ߥࠆࠢ࡜ࠬㆇ༡߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧖ᧄⓂߪ‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ19㧙21ᐕᐲ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌⵬ഥ㊄㧔ၮ⋚⎇ⓥ(C)㧕‫ޟ‬㧼㧭㧯ಽᨆ ᴺࠍᵴ↪ߒߚቇ⠌⠪߇ᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ᧚߆ࠄฃߌࠆᓇ㗀ߣቇ⠌⠪ⷐ࿃ߩ⸃᣿‫ޠ‬ 㧔⎇ ⓥઍ⴫⠪㧦ਣጊජ᱌‫⺖ޔ‬㗴⇟ภ㧦19520449㧕ߩขࠅ⚵ߺߩ৻ㇱߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬. 䋭㪈㪉㪏䋭.

(29) ෳ⠨⾗ᢱ䋱㩷 ⇐ቇ೨䈱䌐䌁䌃䉟䊮䉺䊎䊠䊷䈱㊀ⷐᐲ㗅૏䈮䉋䉎〒㔌ኻᲧ⴫ZKX. . . . . . . . . . . . ෳ⠨⾗ᢱ䋲㩷 ⇐ቇਛ䈱䌐䌁䌃䉟䊮䉺䊎䊠䊷䈱㊀ⷐᐲ㗅૏䈮䉋䉎〒㔌ኻᲧ⴫. . . . . . . . . . 䋭㪈㪉㪐䋭. . . . . . .

(30) ᵈ K. 㧼㧭㧯ಽᨆᴺߪ␠ળᔃℂቇߣ⥃ᐥᔃℂቇߩਔᣇߩ⍮⷗ࠍᜬߟౝ⮮㧔㧕ߦࠃ ߞߡ㐿⊒ߐࠇߚ⎇ⓥᚻᴺߢ‫ޔ‬ ‫ޟ‬ᒰ⹥࠹࡯ࡑߦ㑐ߔࠆ⥄↱ㅪᗐ㧔ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ㧕 ‫ޔ‬ㅪᗐ 㗄⋡㑆ߩ㘃ૃᐲ⹏ቯ‫ޔ‬㘃ૃᐲ〒㔌ⴕ೉ߦࠃࠆࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯ಽᨆ‫ⵍޔ‬㛎⠪ߦࠃࠆࠢ ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯᭴ㅧߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫ߿⸃㉼ߩႎ๔‫ޔ‬ታ㛎⠪ߦࠃࠆ✚ว⊛⸃㉼ࠍㅢߓߡ‫ޔ‬୘ ੱߏߣߦᘒᐲ߿ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߩ᭴ㅧࠍಽᨆߔࠆᣇᴺ‫ޠ‬ 㧔ౝ⮮ 㧦㧕ߢ‫․ߩߘޔ‬ ᓽߪ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏදജ⠪ߩᗵⷡ⊛ߢ⥄↱ߥ⊒ᗐ߳ߩ೙㒢ࠍน⢻ߥ߆߉ࠅᄖߒߚ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏ දജ⠪߇ਥ૕ߣߥࠆᚻᴺߢ޽ࠆߣหᤨߦ‫ޔ‬ቴⷰᕈ࡮ౣ⃻ᕈ߇㜞޿⾰⊛⎇ⓥߩᚻ ᴺߢ޽ࠆὐߦ޽ࠆ㧔ਣጊ D㧕 ‫ޕ‬. KK. ੹࿁ߩ㧼㧭㧯ಽᨆߦណ↪ߒߚ⺒ߺᢎ᧚߇⧷⺆࿤ߩቇ⠌⠪ኻ⽎ߩᣣᧄ⺆ਛ⚖ᢎ ⑼ᦠߢ޽ߞߚߩߢ‫⺆⧷ޔ‬࿤ߩᣣᧄቇ⠌⠪ߦ⺞ᩏදജࠍଐ㗬ߒߚ‫ޕ‬. KKK. ᐕ ᦬ ᣣ⇣ᢥൻ㑆ᢎ⢒ቇળࡊ࡟࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߢߩ⻠⟵㧔⻠Ꮷ㧦੗਄ቁઍ࡮. ᧃ↰ᷡሶ࡮દ⮮ᱞᒾ㧕ߦၮߠߊ‫ޕ‬ KX. ⮮↰㧔㧕ߢߪ‫ߩੱᧄޔ‬ᏗᦸߦࠃࠅᲣ⺆㧔⧷⺆㧕ߢߪߥߊᣣᧄ⺆߇૶↪ߐࠇ ࠆᣇᑼ߇ណ↪ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ਣጊ㧔D㧕߽ߎࠇߣหߓᣇᑼࠍណ↪ߒߚ‫ᧄޕ‬Ⓜߢ ߽૶↪⸒⺆ߩㆬᛯࠍᧄੱߦછߖࠆᣇᑼࠍߣߞߚ⚿ᨐ‫ ޔ‬࿁⋡ߣ ࿁⋡ߣߢਥߥ૶ ↪⸒⺆߇⇣ߥࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚ‫ߩ⺆⸒↪૶ޕ‬ᄌൻߦߟ޿ߡߪⓂࠍᡷ߼ߡ⺰ߓߚ޿‫ޕ‬ . v. ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߩᚻ㗅ࠍⷐ⚂ߔࠆߣએਅߩࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ‫߇࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ ޕ‬ਈ߃ ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩᢎ⑼ᦠߦឝタߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⺒ߺ‛ࠍ⺒߻‫ߩ‛ߺ⺒ޕ‬ᣣᧄ ⺆ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߪਛ⚖೨ඨߢ‫◲ޔ‬නߥ⺆ᒵ࡝ࠬ࠻߇ઃߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔㧕ㅪ ᗐೝỗᢥ߇⚕㕙ߣߣ߽ߦ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏ⠪ߦࠃࠅญ㗡ߢ߽ਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔㧕ᕁ ޿ߟߊ߹߹ߦㅪᗐߒߚߎߣ߫ࠍ‫ߟߕ⺆ޔ‬ᨎߩࠞ࡯࠼ߦᦠߊ‫ޕ‬㧭ࠍ ╬ಽߒߚࠨࠗ࠭ߩ⚕ࠍ↪ᗧߒ‫ޔ‬ᨎᢙߪ೙㒢ߒߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧔㧕ࠞ࡯࠼ࠍ㊀ⷐ ߥ㗅ߦਗߴࠆ‫ޕ‬ᗐ⿠㗅ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧔㧕ߩࠞ࡯࠼ࠍ‫ޔ‬㊀ⷐᐲ㗅ߦਗߴ ᦧ߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔㧕ࠞ࡯࠼ߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߩㄭߐࠍ⋥ᗵ⊛ߦᲑ㓏ߢ ⹏ଔߔࠆ‫ࠍ࠼࡯ࠞޕ‬ᨎߕߟㆬ߮‫ޔ‬ฦࡍࠕߩ㘃ૃᐲࠍ‫ޟ‬㕖Ᏹߦㄭ޿Ԙ‫ޠ‬ ߆ࠄ‫ޟ‬㕖Ᏹߦ㆙޿Ԟ‫ߩߢ߹ޠ‬Ბ㓏ߢ‫⋥ޔ‬ᗵ⊛ߥࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߢ‫⹏ޔ‬ଔࠍⴕ ߁‫ޕ‬㧔㧕ભᙑߦ౉ࠆ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏදജ⠪ߪભᙑߒ‫ߔ౉⸥ߦ࠻࡯ࠪࠬࠗࠚࡈޔ‬ ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬㑆‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏታᣉ⠪㧔╩⠪㧕ߪ ߩᖱႎ㧔ㅪᗐ㗄⋡㑆ߩ㘃ૃᐲ〒㔌ⴕ೉㧕ࠍࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ߦ౉ജߒ‫ࠍࡓ࡜ࠣࡠ࠼ࡦ࠺ޔ‬૞ᚑߔࠆ‫ࡦ࠺ޕ‬ ࠼ࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔᮸ᒻ࿑㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬㧔㧕ߢᓧࠄࠇߚ㘃ૃᐲ〒㔌ⴕ೉㧔ෳ⠨⾗ᢱ࡮. 䋭㪈㪊㪇䋭.

(31) 㧕ߦၮߠ߈‫╩ޔ‬⠪ࠄ߇࠙ࠜ࡯࠼ᴺߢࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯ಽᨆࠍⴕߞߚ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬ᨆ ಴ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਣጊ㧔D㧕ߦ⹦ߒ޿‫ߪ࠻ࡈ࠰ޕ‬5255,ࠍ૶ ↪ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧔㧕࠺ࡦ࠼ࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦၮߠ޿ߚࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍฃߌࠆ‫ޕ‬ભᙑ ਛߦ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ࠺ࡦ࠼ࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ⷗ߥ߇ࠄ‫ࠍ࡯ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޔ‬ฃߌࠆ‫ޕ‬ਥߦ‫ޔ‬ ߹ߣ߹ࠅࠍᜬߟࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯ߣߒߡ⸃㉼ߢ߈ߘ߁ߥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࠍ⺞ᩏදജ ⠪߇ឭ␜ߒ‫ߣߛࠅ߹ߣ߹ޔ‬ᕁ߁ℂ↱߿ࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯㑆ߩ㑐ଥ‫ޔ‬ฦ㗄⋡ߩࠗ ࡔ࡯ࠫߥߤࠍ⾰໧ߦ╵߃ࠆᒻߢ⺑᣿ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔㧕ฦㅪᗐ㗄⋡ߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫ 㧔ࡊ࡜ࠬ߆ࡑࠗ࠽ࠬ߆㧕ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ฦㅪᗐ㗄⋡ߩන⁛ߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫ߇⋥ ᗵ⊛ߦࡊ࡜ࠬ㧔㧗㧕‫ࠬ࠽ࠗࡑޔ‬㧔̅㧕‫޿ߥ߃޿߽ߣࠄߜߤޔ‬㧔㧕ߩ޿ߕ ࠇߦ⹥ᒰߔࠆ߆ࠍ╵߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ vi. ೝỗߣߔࠆ⺒⸃ᢥߩㆬቯߩߚ߼ߦታᣉߒߚ‫⃻ޔ‬⡯ߩᣣᧄ⺆ᢎᏧࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ⺞ ᩏߦߟ޿ߡߪⓂࠍᡷ߼ߡႎ๔ߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬. vii. ᧄ⺞ᩏߢណ↪ߒߚ⍹Ꮉ߶߆㧔㧕 ‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ PF ࠬ࠹࠶ࡊ‫ޟ⺖ ╙ߩޢ‬㈬‫ޔߪޠ‬ ᣣᧄߩ㈬ᢥൻ㧔 ‫ޟ‬ઃ߈ว޿㈬‫ޠ‬ ‫ޔ‬ ‫ޟ‬ή␞⻠‫ߤߥޠ‬㧕߇ᣣᧄ੐ᖱ⊛ߦ⚫੺ߐࠇߚ߽ߩ ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ਃᶆ࡮ࡑࠣࡠࠗࡦ㧔㧕”#P+PVGITCVGF#RRTQCEJVQ+PVGTOGFKCVG ,CRCPGUG”6JG,CRCP6KOGU ߩ╙㧤⺖ߩㅦ⺒ߩᢥ┨ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉޟ‬ᔒะ‫ߣޠ‬ ޿߁࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄੱߩኅᐸߦࡎ࡯ࡓࠬ࠹ࠗࠍߒߚ⇐ቇ↢ࡌ࠹ࠖ࡯ߩ૕㛎߇ ✄ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫᧪ޕ‬ᣣ೨ߦࡎࠬ࠻ࡈࠔࡒ࡝࡯ߩኅᣖߘࠇߙࠇߦ߅ߺ߿ߍࠍḰ஻ߒ ߚ‫߅ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬Უߐࠎߦᚻ૞ࠅߩࡃ࠶ࠢࠍ޽ߍߚߣߎࠈ‫ࠅ߹޽ޔ‬༑߫ࠇߕ߇ߞ ߆ࠅߔࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ‫߅ߩߘޔ‬Უߐࠎ߇࠻ࠗ࡟ߩࠬ࡝࠶ࡄ߹ߢࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ຠࠍ૶߁߶ ߤߩࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ᔒะߢ޽ߞߚߎߣߦ᳇ߠߊߣ޿߁ౝኈߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬. viii. ⺞ᩏදജ⠪߇ㅢߞߡ޿ࠆᄢቇ߇޽ࠆ↸ߩᖱႎߢ޽ࠆ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏදജ⠪߇㒢ቯߢ߈ߥ. ޿ࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬XXX ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ix. ⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߦࠃࠆߣ‫ߪࡉࡄ߿࡯ࡃ࠷࡯ࡐࠬޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦ㘶߻ߎ ߣ߇ਛᔃߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ዬ㈬ደߪ㘩ߴ‛߇಴ࠆߣ޿߁ὐ߇⇣ߥࠆ‫ޕ‬. x. ⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߩਔⷫߩᲣ࿖ߩᖱႎߢ޽ࠆ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏදജ⠪߇㒢ቯߢ߈ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦߔࠆ ߚ߼‫ޔ‬YYY ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬. xi. ೝỗߣߒߚ⺒⸃ᢥߩߎߣ. xii. ᮮᵿ㐿࿖ 150 ๟ᐕ⑂ߩࠪࡦࡏ࡞ࠠࡖ࡜ࠢ࠲࡯ߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬. xiii. ⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߩ⇐ቇవߩ࿾ၞߩᖱႎߢ޽ࠆ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏදജ⠪߇㒢ቯߢ߈ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦߔ. ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ZZZ ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬. 䋭㪈㪊㪈䋭.