itaku h25 oda 「アメリカ及びイギリスにおける政府開発援助に対する会計検査に関する調査研究」

(1)

ᐔᚑ24ᐕᐲળ⸘ᬌᩏ㒮ᆔ⸤ᬺോႎ๔ᦠ

ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ෸߮ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦ

ኻߔࠆળ⸘ᬌᩏߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ

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ႎ๔ᦠ

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(2)

عغ⋡ᰴغع

ߪߓ߼ߦ...1

1㧚⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥߩ⢛᥊࡮⋡⊛...1

2㧚⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥߩᣇᴺ...1

㧔1㧕ᢥ₂࡮ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻⺞ᩏ...1

㧔2㧕ᶏᄖ⃻࿾⺞ᩏ㧔☨࿖㧕...1

3㧚ᧄႎ๔ᦠߩ᭴ᚑ...3

Σ㧚☨⧷2߆࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩ᭎ⷐ╬...4

1㧚☨࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩ᭎ⷐߣ․ᓽ...6

㧔1㧕᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦଥࠆᴺ⊛ᨒ⚵ߺ...6

㧔2㧕᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦଥࠆ᡽╷...8

㧔3㧕᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩታᣉ૕೙㧔ᯏ㑐ޔਥߚࠆᓎഀ㧕...9

㧔4㧕᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦଥࠆታ❣ޔ੍▚╬...16

2㧚⧷࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩ᭎ⷐߣ․ᓽ...32

㧔3㧕᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩታᣉ૕೙㧔ᯏ㑐ޔਥߚࠆᓎഀ㧕...37

㧔4㧕᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦଥࠆታ❣ޔ੍▚╬...45

3㧚☨⧷2߆࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆ⹏ଔ╬...62

㧔1㧕☨࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩ⹏ଔ...62

㧔2㧕⧷࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩ⹏ଔ...71

Τ㧚☨⧷2߆࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆળ⸘ᬌᩏߩ⁁ᴫ...77

1㧚☨⧷2߆࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆળ⸘ᬌᩏߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌᩏ૕೙...77

㧔1㧕☨࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆળ⸘ᬌᩏߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌᩏ૕೙...77

㧔2㧕⧷࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆળ⸘ᬌᩏߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌᩏ૕೙...85

2㧚☨࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆળ⸘ᬌᩏߩ੐଀...94

㧔1㧕ᬌᩏ੐଀ߩో૕௑ะ...94

㧔2㧕ᬌᩏ੐଀ߩ⹦⚦ಽᨆ...117

3㧚⧷࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆળ⸘ᬌᩏߩ੐଀...146

㧔1㧕ᬌᩏ੐଀ߩో૕௑ะ...146

㧔2㧕ᬌᩏ੐଀ߩ⹦⚦ಽᨆ...169

4㧚ᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆળ⸘ᬌᩏߩ੐଀...205

(3)

Υ㧚߹ߣ߼...210

1㧚ฦ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩ⃻⁁...210

㧔3㧕᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦଥࠆታᣉ૕೙...213

㧔4㧕᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦଥࠆታ❣ޔ੍▚...214

㧔5㧕᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆ⹏ଔ೙ᐲ...216

2㧚ฦ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆળ⸘ᬌᩏߩ⃻⁁...217

㧔1㧕᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆળ⸘ᬌᩏߩታᣉ૕೙...217

㧔2㧕᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥ╬ߦኻߔࠆળ⸘ᬌᩏߩ੐଀...220

3㧚߹ߣ߼ ᚒ߇࿖ળ⸘ᬌᩏ㒮ߦኻߔࠆ␜ໂ...236

ع↪⺆㓸...242

(4)

ߪߓ߼ߦ

1 㧚⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥߩ⢛᥊࡮⋡⊛

ળ⸘ᬌᩏ㒮ߢߪޔࡈࠖ࡝ࡇࡦߩࡑ࡞ࠦࠬᄢ⛔㗔㧔ᒰᤨ㧕⇼ᖺ߇⴫㕙ൻߒޔᚒ߇࿖ߩ᡽ᐭ 㐿⊒េഥ⾗㊄ߩᵹࠇߩਇㅘ᣿ߐߣ᦭ലᕈ߇໧㗴ߦߥߞߚߩࠍᯏߦ࿖᳃ߩ㑐ᔃ߇ᭂ߼ߡ㜞޿ ໧㗴ߣߒߡޔหಽ㊁ߢߩᬌᩏߩలታᒝൻ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߚޕߎࠇߦᔕ߃ߡޔળ⸘ᬌᩏ㒮ߢߪޔ ᤘ๺62ᐕ㧔1987ᐕ㧕ߦޔਥߣߒߡ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩᬌᩏࠍⴕ߁ᄖോᬌᩏ⺖ࠍᣂ⸳ߒޔᶏᄖ ߦ⺞ᩏቭࠍᵷ㆜ޔ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆᧄᩰ⊛ᬌᩏࠍᆎ߼ߡ޿ࠆޕ

ߎߩ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆᬌᩏߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ⋧ᚻ࿖ߦኻߔࠆᬌᩏᮭ㒢߇ߥ޿ߥߤߩ೙⚂ ߇޽ࠅޔ⋧ᚻ࿖᡽ᐭߩදജߩਅޔᲤᐕ⺞ᩏቭࠍᵷ㆜ߒߡޔᚒ߇࿖ߩេഥߢᑪ⸳ߐࠇߚᣉ⸳ ߿⺞㆐ߐࠇߚᯏ᧚ߪ᦭ലߦᵴ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆ޔᛛⴚදജߩᚑᨐߪ਄߇ߞߡ޿ࠆ߆ߥߤޔេ ഥലᨐߩ஥㕙ࠍ㊀ⷞߒߡ⃻࿾⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆޕ

ᧄ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥߪޔవㅴ࿖ߩਛߢⓍᭂ⊛ߦ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦข⚵߻☨࿖෸߮⧷࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ 㐿⊒េഥߩ᡽╷෸߮⹏ଔߩታᣉ⁁ᴫ෸߮ળ⸘ᬌᩏ㒮߇ⴕߥߞߡ޿ࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆ ળ⸘ᬌᩏߩ⁁ᴫޔႎ๔࡟ࡐ࡯࠻╬ߩౝኈߦߟ޿ߡ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥߒޔ੹ᓟߩᚒ߇࿖ળ⸘ᬌᩏ㒮ߦ ߅ߌࠆ㐿⊒េഥᬌᩏߩ࿷ࠅᣇߦߟ޿ߡ᦭↪ߥᖱႎឭଏࠍⴕߥ߁ߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆޕ

2 㧚⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥߩᣇᴺ

ᧄ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥߪޔળ⸘ᬌᩏ㒮੐ോ✚㐳ቭᚱ⺞ᩏ⺖㧔⎇ⓥᜂᒰ㧕ࠃࠅޔਃ⪉UFJ࡝ࠨ࡯࠴& ࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠹ࠖࡦࠣᩣᑼળ␠߳ߩᆔ⸤ߦࠃࠅⴕߥࠊࠇߚޕ

ౕ૕⊛ߦߪޔᢥ₂࡮ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻⺞ᩏ෸߮ᶏᄖ⃻࿾⺞ᩏ㧔☨࿖㧕ࠍㅢߓߡޔ☨࿖ޔ⧷ ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩ᡽╷ޔታᣉ૕೙ޔታ❣ޔ੍▚೙ᐲ෸߮ળ⸘ᬌᩏߩ૕೙ޔᮭ㒢ࠍ ᭎ⷰߒޔౕ૕⊛ߥᬌᩏ੐଀ߦߟ޿ߡߩಽᨆ㧔௑ะಽᨆ࡮⹦⚦ಽᨆ㧕ࠍⴕߞߚޕ

㧔

1 㧕ᢥ₂࡮ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻⺞ᩏ

߹ߕޔ☨࿖ޔ⧷࿖ߩ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩ᡽╷ᚲ▤ቭᐡޔታᣉᯏ㑐ߩ࠙ࠛࡉࠨࠗ࠻߿౏⴫⾗ᢱޔ వⴕ⎇ⓥ╬ࠍਛᔃߦࠨ࡯ࡌࠗࠍⴕ޿ޔਔ࿖ߩ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩ᡽╷ޔ૕೙ޔታ❣ޔ⹏ଔߩ⁁ ᴫߦߟ޿ߡ᭎ⷰߒߚޕ

⛯޿ߡޔਔ࿖ߩળ⸘ᬌᩏ㒮ߩ࠙ࠛࡉࠨࠗ࠻߿౏⴫⾗ᢱࠍਛᔃߦޔ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆ ળ⸘ᬌᩏߩข⚵⁁ᴫޔ੐଀ߦߟ޿ߡขࠅ߹ߣ߼ߚޕ୘೎ߩᬌᩏ࡮ႎ๔੐଀ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ╙ Τ┨ޟ☨⧷2߆࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆળ⸘ᬌᩏߩ⁁ᴫޠߦ߅޿ߡ⸥ㅀߒߡ޿ࠆޕ ߥ߅ޔಽᨆߦ↪޿ߚᢥ₂࡮⾗ᢱޔ࠙ࠛࡉࠨࠗ࠻ߪᏎᧃߦ৻ⷩᢛℂߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

(5)

ߪޔ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦ㑐ߔࠆ᡽╷ޔ૕೙ޔ⹏ଔ೙ᐲ෸߮ળ⸘ᬌᩏߩ૕೙ޔᮭ㒢ޔᚻᴺ෸߮ታ ോ਄ߩ⺖㗴ߦߟ޿ߡߩᖱႎ෼㓸ࠍⴕߞߚޕ

ع☨࿖⃻࿾⺞ᩏ㧔ኻ㕙ᑼࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯⺞ᩏ㧕

ޣᣣ ⒟ޤ 2012ᐕ9᦬24ᣣ㧔᦬㧕㨪9᦬28ᣣ㧔㊄㧕

ޣ⺞ᩏ⠪ޤ ળ⸘ᬌᩏ㒮੐ോ✚㐳ቭᚱ⺞ᩏ⺖㧔⎇ⓥᜂᒰ㧕೽㐳 ਄᧛ ੫

ਃ⪉UFJ࡝ࠨ࡯࠴&ࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠹ࠖࡦࠣᩣᑼળ␠ ౏౒⚻༡࡮࿾ၞ᡽╷ㇱ ਥછ⎇ⓥຬ Ꮐㄭ㕏ඳ ⎇ⓥຬ ↰ญ ჽテ

ታᣉᣣ ᤨ㑆 ኻ⽎ᯏ㑐㕙⺣⠪

9/24㧔᦬㧕 14:00~16:00 The Urban

Institute

Center on International Development and Governance

Director, Charles Cadwell

Senior Research Associate, Ritu Nayyar࡯Stone

09:15~10:30 Department of Agriculture

Food Assistance Division

Office of Capacity Building and Development Director, Ronald L. Croushorn

Foreign Agricultural Service

Office of Country and Regional Affairs Assistant Deputy Administrator 9/25㧔Ἣ㧕

14:00~:15:30 Millennium Challenge Corporation

Department of Administration and Finance

Assistant Chief Financial Officer, Eric G. Redmond Department Policy and Evaluation

Department Policy Officer, Andria Hayes࡯Brichler

09:45~13:00 US GAO International Affairs and Trade Assistant Director, Leslie Holen Assistant Director, Anthony Moran Assistant Director, James B. Michels Senior Analyst, George A. Taylor, Jr. ARM-CDMA

Assistant Director, Martin de Alteriis Applied Research and Methods Managing Director, Nancy Kingsbury Centor fo Design, Methods, and Analysis Senior Statistician, Justin Fisher

9/26㧔᳓㧕

14:00~15:00 Department of State

Office of Inspector General

Assistant Inspector General for Audits, Evelyn R. Klemstine

Assistant Inspector General, Robert B.Peterson Congressional and Public Affairs Officer, Douglas Welty

13:00~14:00 Department of State

Office of U.S. Foreign Assistance Resources Director, Robert Goldberg

Director of Planning and Performance Management, Melissa Schild

Senior Evaluation Advisor 9/27㧔ᧁ㧕

14:30~16:00 Department of Treasury

(6)

ታᣉᣣ ᤨ㑆 ኻ⽎ᯏ㑐㕙⺣⠪

Assistant Inspector General for Audit, Marla A. Freedman

Deputy Assistant Inspector General for Audit, Robert A. Taylor

Office of Multilateral Department Banks Duputy Director, Benjamin N. Dennis 14:30~16:00 USAID Office of Inspector General

Deputy Assistant Inspector General, Alvin Brown Deputy Assistant Inspector General for Audit, Melinda G. Dempsey

Assistant Inspector General for Audit, Tim Cox, CPA

9/28㧔㊄㧕

16:00~17:30 USAID Evaluation Division

Sr.Policy Analyst S.Tjip Walker, Ph.D. Program Performance Specialist, Gary Russell

3 㧚ᧄႎ๔ᦠߩ᭴ᚑ

ᧄႎ๔ᦠߩ᭴ᚑߪએਅߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆޕ

Σ㧚☨⧷2߆࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩ᭎ⷐ╬ 1㧚☨࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩ᭎ⷐߣ․ᓽ 2㧚⧷࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩ᭎ⷐߣ․ᓽ

3㧚☨⧷2߆࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆ⹏ଔ╬

Τ㧚☨⧷2߆࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆળ⸘ᬌᩏߩ⁁ᴫ

1㧚☨⧷2߆࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆળ⸘ᬌᩏߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌᩏ૕೙ 2㧚☨࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆળ⸘ᬌᩏߩ੐଀

3㧚⧷࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆળ⸘ᬌᩏߩ੐଀ 4㧚ᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆળ⸘ᬌᩏߩ੐଀ Υ㧚߹ߣ߼

1㧚ฦ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩ⃻⁁

(7)

Σ㧚☨⧷

2 ߆࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩ᭎ⷐ╬

a) ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩቯ⟵㧔DACၮḰ㧕

⚻ ᷣ ද ജ 㐿 ⊒ ᯏ ᭴ 㐿 ⊒ េ ഥ ᆔ ຬ ળ

1

㧔Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development㧦OECD/Development Assistance Committee㧦DAC㧕OECD/DACߦࠃࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒ េഥ㧔Official Development Assistance: ODA㧕ߪޔޟDACߩᜰቯߔࠆⵍេഥ࿖㧔Recipients㧕 ࡝ࠬ࠻ߦ޽ࠆ࿖ߣ࿾ၞޔ߹ߚߪ࿖㓙ᯏ㑐߳ߩ⾗Ḯߩᵹࠇ㧔resource flow㧕ޠߣቯ⟵ߐࠇࠆޕ ߹ߚޔޟߘߩ⾗Ḯߪ࿖ኅ߿࿾ᣇ᡽ᐭࠍ฽߼ߚ౏⊛ᯏ㑐ޔ߹ߚߪߘߩၫⴕᯏ㑐ߦࠃߞߡήఘ߹ ߚߪ᦭ఘߢଏ⛎ߐࠇޔㅜ਄࿖ߩ⚻ᷣ㐿⊒ߣ⑔␩ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡㆇ༡ߐࠇࠆ

2

ޠߣ᣿␜ߐࠇߡ޿ ࠆࠃ߁ߦޔ᡽ᐭ߹ߚߪ᡽ᐭߩታᣉᯏ㑐ߦࠃߞߡ㐿⊒ㅜ਄࿖߹ߚߪ࿖㓙ᯏ㑐ߦଏਈߐࠇࠆ߽ ߩߢޔ㐿⊒ㅜ਄࿖ߩ⚻ᷣ࡮␠ળߩ⊒ዷ߿⑔␩ߩะ਄ߦᓎ┙ߟߚ߼ߦⴕ߁⾗㊄࡮ᛛⴚឭଏߦ ࠃࠆදജࠍᗧ๧ߒߡ޿ࠆ

3

ޕ

DACߢߪODAኻ⽎࿖࡮࿾ၞࠍޔ1ੱᒰߚࠅߩGNIߦၮߠ߈ㆬቯߒߡ߅ࠅޔԘᓟ⊒㐿⊒ ㅜ਄࿖㧔Least Developed Countries: LDCs㧕ޔԙૐᚲᓧ࿖㧔1ੱᒰߚࠅGNI߇1005࠼࡞㧕ޔԚ ਛᚲᓧ࿖࡮࿾ၞ㧔1 ੱᒰߚࠅ GNI ߇ 1006-3975 ࠼࡞㧕ޔԛ㜞ਛᚲᓧ࿖࡮࿾ၞ㧔1 ੱᒰߚࠅ GNI߇3976-12275࠼࡞㧕ߩ4ߟߦಽ㘃ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ2012-2013ᐕߪޔ148ߩ࿖ߣ࿾ၞ߇ODA ኻ⽎࿖ߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ

4

ޕ

b) ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩ㘃ဳ

৻⥸⊛ߦޔ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߪޔԘ࠼࠽࡯࿖߆ࠄ㐿⊒ㅜ਄࿖ߦଏਈߐࠇࠆੑ࿖㑆េഥޔ෸߮ ԙ࿖㓙ᯏ㑐ࠍㅢߒߡᡰេߔࠆᄙ࿖㑆េഥޔߩ2ߟߦᄢ೎ߢ߈ࠆޕԘߩੑ࿖㑆េഥߪޔ⿅ਈ 㧔ࠣ࡜ࡦ࠻㧕ߣ᡽ᐭ⾉ઃ㧔ࡠ࡯ࡦ㧕ߩ2ߟߦᄢ೎ߢ߈ࠆޕ

⿅ਈߪޔߐࠄߦήఘ⾗㊄េഥߣᛛⴚදജߩ2⒳㘃ߦಽߌࠄࠇࠆޕήఘ⾗㊄දജߣߪޔ㐿 ⊒ㅜ਄࿖ߩ⚻ᷣ␠ળ㐿⊒ߩߚ߼ߦᔅⷐߥ⾗ᯏ᧚ޔ⸳஻ޔࠨ࡯ࡆࠬޔ߹ߚߪߘࠇࠄࠍ⾼౉ߔ

1

DACߪޔOECDߩᆔຬળߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠅޔ㐿⊒ㅜ਄࿖߳ߩ࿖㓙දജᡰេߦ㑐ߔࠆ᡽╷ࠍ⼏⺰ߔࠆ႐ߢ޽ࠅޔ

DACᧄળวޔ߿េഥലᨐ૞ᬺㇱળޔߐࠄߦਅㇱ⚵❱ߩࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߥߤޔኾ㐷೎ߩ᭽ޘߥળว߇ሽ࿷ߔ

ࠆޕߘࠇࠄߩળวߦ߅޿ߡޔេഥߩ㊂ߣ⾰ߩะ਄ߦ㑐ߒߡ࿖㓙⊛ߥ࡞࡯࡞߿ᣇะᕈࠍ⼏⺰ޔࡕ࠾࠲࡝ࡦࠣ

╬ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆޕ⃻࿷ޔOECDട⋖࿖34߆࿖ߩ߁ߜ24߆࿖ߣ᰷Ꮊㅪว㧔EU㧕ߦࠃࠅ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ

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OECD࠙ࠛࡉࠨࠗ࠻

㧔http://www.oecd.org/dac/aidstatistics/officialdevelopmentassistancedefinitionandcoverage.htm#Definition

㧕

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ේᢥߪએਅߩㅢࠅޕFlows of official financing administered with the promotion of the economic development

and welfare of developing countries as the main objective, and which are concessional in character with a grant element of at least 25 percent 㧔using a fixed 10 percent rate of discount㧕. By convention, ODA flows comprise

contributions of donor government agencies, at all levels, to developing countries 㧔Bilateral ODA㧕 and to

multilateral institutions. ODA receipts comprise disbursements by bilateral donors and multilateral institutions. Lending by export credit agencies with the pure purpose of export promotion is excluded.

㧔http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=6043㧕

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OECD (2012) ‘DAC List of ODA Recipients: Effective for reporting on 2012 and 2013 flows’

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ࠆߚ߼ߩ⾗㊄ࠍ⿅ਈߔࠆេഥᒻᘒߢ޽ࠆޕήఘ⾗㊄දജ߇ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆಽ㊁ߪޔਥߦ଻ஜ࡮ ⴡ↢ޔ⛎᳓ޔᢎ⢒ޔㄘ᧛࡮ㄘᬺ㐿⊒╬ߩၮ␆↢ᵴಽ㊁㧔Basic Human Needs: BHN㧕ޔ␠ળၮ ⋚ᢛ஻ޔⅣႺ଻ో߅ࠃ߮ੱ᧚⢒ᚑ╬ࠍਛᔃߣߒߡ޿ࠆޕㄭᐕߪޔ㒐ἴ࡮ἴኂᓳ⥝ᡰេޔᐔ ๺ߩ᭴▽࡮ቯ⌕ᡰេ߿ޔ࿾㔗ኻ╷㧘࠹ࡠ࡮ᶏ਄଻቟ኻ╷߽ኻ⽎ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕήఘ⾗㊄ද ജߪޔ㐿⊒ㅜ਄࿾ၞߩਛߢ߽Ყセ⊛ᚲᓧ᳓Ḱߩૐ޿⻉࿖࡮࿾ၞࠍਛᔃߣߒߡታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆ

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ޕ ᛛⴚදജߣߪޔ㐿⊒ㅜ਄࿖ߩ␠ળ࡮⚻ᷣߩ㐿⊒ߩᜂ޿ᚻߣߥࠆੱ᧚ࠍ⢒ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ޔេ ഥଏਈ஥ߩᛛⴚ߿ᛛ⢻ޔ⍮⼂ࠍ㐿⊒ㅜ਄࿖ߦ⒖ォߒޔߘߩ࿖ߩታᖱߦ޽ߞߚㆡಾߥᛛⴚߥ ߤߩ㐿⊒߿ᡷ⦟ࠍᡰេߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦޔᛛⴚ᳓Ḱߩะ਄ޔ೙ᐲ߿⚵❱ߩ⏕┙߿ᢛ஻ߥߤߦነ ਈߔࠆេഥᒻᘒߢ޽ࠆޕᛛⴚදജߩኻ⽎ߣߔࠆಽ㊁ߪޔ଻ஜ࡮ක≮ߥߤߩ BHN ಽ㊁߆ࠄ ↥ᬺಽ㊁ߦ߹ߢᄙጘߦਗ਼ࠆޕᛛⴚදജߪޔᚲᓧ᳓Ḱ߇Ყセ⊛㜞޿ߚ߼ήఘ⾗㊄දജ߿᦭ఘ ⾗㊄දജߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠄߥ޿࿖࡮࿾ၞ߿ޔ⚥Ⓧௌോ߇ᄙ޿ߚ߼᦭ఘ⾗㊄දജߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠄߥ ޿࿖࡮࿾ၞߥߤߦኻߒߡ߽ⴕࠊࠇࠆ

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ޕ

ઁᣇޔ᡽ᐭ⾉ઃߪ᦭ఘ⾗㊄දജ㧔୫᱅㧕ߣ๭߫ࠇޔ㐿⊒ㅜ਄࿖ߦኻߒޔૐ㊄೑ߢ㄰ᷣᦼ 㑆ߩ㐳޿✭߿߆ߥ᧦ઙ㧔⼑⸵⊛ߥ᧦ઙ㧕ߢ㐿⊒⾗㊄ࠍ⾉ઃߌࠆេഥᒻᘒߢ޽ࠆޕ㊄೑߿ኻ ⽎࿖ߪߘߩ࿖ߩᚲᓧ᳓Ḱ߿⚻ᷣⷙᮨߦࠃߞߡ୘೎ߦ᳿ቯߐࠇޔኻ⽎ಽ㊁ߪ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩ⚻ᷣ᭴ ㅧ߿᡽ᐭ㐿⊒⸘↹ޔ࿖ౝ㐿⊒⾗㊄㈩ಽ᡽╷╬ߦࠃߞߡ᳿ቯߐࠇࠆ

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ޕ

c) ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩ᜚಴㗵ߩ⋡ᮡ୯

᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩฦ࿖ߩ᜚಴⋡ᮡ㗵ߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ1969ᐕޔࡑࠢ࠽ࡑ࡜਎⇇㌁ⴕ✚ⵙ㧔ᒰᤨ㧕 ߩⷐ⺧ߦၮߠ߈ޔࡇࠕ࠰ࡦరࠞ࠽࠳㚂⋧ࠍᆔຬ㐳ߦ7ੱߩᆔຬ߇૞ᚑߦ޽ߚߞߚޔ1970ᐕ ઍߩ㐿⊒ᚢ⇛ߦ㑐ߔࠆႎ๔ᦠߢ޽ࠆ‘Partners in Development’ߦߡޔޟ1975ᐕ߹ߢ࠼࠽࡯࿖ߩ GNP8Ყ0.7%ࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߎߣޠ߇ឭ໒ߐࠇޔ1970ᐕ10᦬ߩ࿖ㅪ✚ળߦߡ౏ᑼߦߎࠇࠍᢙ୯ ⋡ᮡߣߒߡឝߍࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚ

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ޕએ᧪ޔGNIᲧ0.7㧑ߪ࿖㓙␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆ࠼࠽࡯࿖ߩ㆐ᚑ ⋡ᮡߣߒߡᩮઃ޿ߡ߅ࠅ2005ᐕ

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ߦߪ⧷࿖ࠣ࡟ࡦࠗ࡯ࠣ࡞ࠬࠨࡒ࠶࠻ߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ߿࿖ㅪ ✚ળߩࠦࡒ࠶࠻ࡔࡦ࠻ߣߒߡ߽᣿⸥ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ

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ޕ

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ᄖോ⋭࠙ࠛࡉࠨࠗ࠻㧔http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/seisaku/keitai/musho/about.html㧕 6

ᄖോ⋭࠙ࠛࡉࠨࠗ࠻㧔http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/seisaku/keitai/gijyutsu/about.html㧕 7

ᄖോ⋭࠙ࠛࡉࠨࠗ࠻㧔http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/seisaku/keitai/enshakan/about.html

㧕

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1 㧚☨࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩ᭎ⷐߣ․ᓽ

㧔

1 㧕᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦଥࠆᴺ⊛ᨒ⚵ߺ

☨࿖ߪޔ╙ੑᰴ਎⇇ᄢᚢᓟޔᄢᚢߢᄢ߈ߥⵍኂࠍฃߌߚ᰷Ꮊ⻉࿖ᡰេߩߚ߼ߩޔ޿ࠊࠁ ࠆࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ࡊ࡜ࡦ㧔ᱜᑼฬ⒓ߪ᰷Ꮊᓳ⥝⸘↹㧔European Recovery Program㧦ERP㧕ߩᴺ⊛ ᩮ᜚ߣߥࠆޟ1947ᐕኻᄖេഥᴺ㧔The Foreign Assistance Act of 1948㧕ޠࠍ೙ቯߒޔߘߩታᣉ ᯏ㑐ߣߒߡ⚻ᷣදജዪ 㧔Economic Cooperation Administration : ECA㧕ࠍ⸳⟎ߒߚ

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ޕ 1950ᐕઍߦߪޔᣥ࠰ㅪߣߩ಄ᚢ߇ỗൻߒޔ෻౒↥ਥ⟵ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚេഥ᡽╷ߪᄖ੤⊛ߥ ᚢ⇛࠷࡯࡞ߣߒߡᵴ↪ߐࠇޔ․ߦࠗࡦ࠼߿ࡄࠠࠬ࠲ࡦ╬ߩ౒↥࿤๟ㄝ࿖߳ߩァ੐࡮⚻ᷣេ ഥ߇ᒝൻߐࠇߚ

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ޕߐࠄߦ1950ᐕߩᦺ㞲ᚢ੎ߩഺ⊒ࠍฃߌߡޔ1951ᐕߦߪޟ⋧੕቟ో଻㓚 ᴺ㧔Mutual Security Act㧕ޠࠍ೙ቯߒޔࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ࡊ࡜ࡦߦၮߠߊ⚻ᷣេഥޔ1948ᐕ࿖㓙ᛛ ⴚදജᴺ㧔International Technical Cooperation Act, 1948㧕ޔ޿ࠊࠁࠆࡐࠗࡦ࠻࡮ࡈࠜ࡯⸘↹ߦ ၮߠߊᛛⴚេഥ

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ޔᚢᤨਛߩᱞེ⾉ਈᴺࠍ⿠Ḯߣߔࠆァ੐េഥߩ 3 ߟ߇⛔วߐࠇޔេഥߪ ァ੐ߣਇนಽ৻૕ߩ㑐ଥࠍᜬߟࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ޿ߚޕ

1960ᐕઍߦߪޔ1960ᐕߩᄢ⛔㗔ㆬ᜼ߢޔ࡚ࠫࡦ࡮F࡮ࠤࡀ࠺ࠖ࡯୥⵬ߣ࠾ࠢ࠰ࡦ୥⵬ߩ 㑆ߢޔ☨࿖᡽ᴦผ਄ೋ߼ߡេഥ߇ᄢ߈ߥ੎ὐߣߥࠅ

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ޔㆬ᜼ߦൎ೑ߒߚࠤࡀ࠺ࠖ࡯ᄢ⛔㗔 ߪޔ╙ੑᰴ਎⇇ᄢᚢᓟߦ᰷Ꮊ⻉࿖߆ࠄߩ⁛┙ࠍᨐߚߒߚࠕࠫࠕ⻉࿖ߣࠕࡈ࡝ࠞ⻉࿖ߦኻߒ ߡ⚻ᷣᓳ⥝߿᳃↢ߩ቟ቯޔ౒↥ਥ⟵൓ജߩኽߓㄟ߼╬ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚޔ߹ߚ⃻࿷ߩ☨࿖ߩ᡽ ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩၮᧄᴺߣߥࠆޟ1961ᐕኻᄖេഥᴺ㧔The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961㧕㧔એਅޔ ኻᄖេഥᴺޔߣ⸒߁ޕ㧕ޠࠍ೙ቯߒߚޕหᴺߦࠃࠅޔ⚻ᷣេഥߩታᣉਥ૕ߣߒߡޔ࿖ോ⋭ߩ ᄖ ㇱ ⚵ ❱ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߩ ☨ ࿖ ࿖ 㓙㐿 ⊒ ᐡ 㧔United States Agency for International Development: USAID㧕߇⸳┙ߐࠇߚޕ

1970 ᐕઍߦߪޔࡌ࠻࠽ࡓᚢ੎ߦኻߔࠆ෻ᚢㆇേࠍ⢛᥊ߦޔេഥࠍ᡽ᴦ㨯ァ੐⋡⊛ߦ೑↪ ߔࠆߎߣ߳ߩᛕ್߇㜞߹ߞߚߎߣߥߤ߆ࠄޔ1973 ᐕߦਅ㒮ᄖ੤ᆔຬળ ߪޔࡌ࡯ࠪ࠶ࠢ࡮ ࡅࡘ࡯ࡑࡦ࡮࠾࡯࠭࡮ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴㧔Basic Human Needs Approach㧦BHN㧕ࠍᩇߣߒߚᣂេഥ ᣇ㊎߇ᛂߜ಴ߐࠇޔኻᄖេഥᴺߩୃᱜ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚޕߘߩ⚿ᨐޔࡠ࡯ࡦޔࠣ࡜ࡦ࠻╬⾗㊄ᒻ ᘒ೎ߦಽ߆ࠇߡ޿ߚ USAID ߩ੍▚߇ޔ㘩♳ޔ଻ஜޔᢎ⢒╬ߩ࠮ࠢ࠲࡯೎ߦᄌᦝߐࠇࠆࠃ ߁ߦߥߞߚ

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ޕ

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Ṛ↰⾫ᴦ㧔1999㧕ޟ8 ⃻ઍ☨࿖ߩኻᄖេഥ᡽╷-᭴ㅧߣℂᔨߩᄌኈ-ޠဈᧄᱜᒄޔṚ↰⾫ᴦ ✬⪺ޡ⃻ઍ

☨࿖ᄖ੤ߩ⎇ⓥޢޔਛᄩᄢቇ಴ ޕ☨࿖ᡰេߩ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄ஥ߩฃ౉ᯏ㑐ߣߒߡ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄ⚻ᷣදജᆔຬળ

㧔⃻࿷ߩ⚻ᷣදജ㐿⊒ᯏ᭴㧔OECD㧕㧕߇⸳┙ߐࠇߚޕ

13 ห਄ޕ 14

ޟ㐿⊒ޠߣ޿߁⸒⪲߇ޔ⚻ᷣ㐿⊒ߩᗧ๧ߢ૶ࠊࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߩߪޔ1949ᐕߦ࠻࡞࡯ࡑࡦ☨ᄢ⛔㗔

߇⊒⴫ߒߚኻૐ㐿⊒࿾ၞេഥ᡽╷ߢ޽ࠆࡐࠗࡦ࠻࡮ࡈࠜ࡯⸘↹㧔Point Four Plan㧕ߩਛߢޔ╙ਃ਎⇇ࠍޟૐ

㐿⊒࿾ၞޠߣߒޔេഥߣᛩ⾗ߢޟ㐿⊒ޠߒߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߛߣߒߚߎߣߦᆎ߹ࠆ㧔ᮮጊᱜ᮸㧔2001㧕ޟ╙

3਎⇇ߣ࿖ㅪޠ2001ᐕޔァ❗໧㗴⾗ᢱޔNo.252ޔේᢥ㧔http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PCAAC280.pdf㧕㧕ޕ

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ጊᧄᗲ৻㇢㧔2009㧕ޟ☨࿖េഥ੐ᖱ╙20ภޟ☨࿖ߩኻᄖេഥ᡽╷-ߘߩ․ᓽߣᄌㆫޠ᡽╷ᄢቇ㒮ᄢቇ

㧔GRIPS㧕Development Forum࠙ࠛࡉࠨࠗ࠻㧔http://www.grips.ac.jp/forum/USA/No.20.htm㧕 16

࿖㓙දജ㌁ⴕ㧔2005㧕ޟ☨࿖ߩੑ࿖㑆㐿⊒េഥ᡽╷ޠ

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1980ᐕઍߦߪޔេഥᯏ㑐ߩᄙ᭽ൻ߇ㅴߺᄙᢙߩេഥᯏ㑐߇⸳┙ߐࠇߚ߇ޔ1990ᐕઍߩ಄ ᚢߩ⚳ੌ߿⽷᡽⿒ሼߩ᜛ᄢࠍ⢛᥊ߦޔេഥਇⷐ⺰߇㜞߹ࠅޔេഥ੍▚ߩ೥ᷫ߇ㅴ߼ࠄࠇޔ ޿ࠊࠁࠆޟេഥ∋ࠇޠߦࠃࠅ☨࿖ߩ㐿⊒េഥⷙᮨ߇❗ዊߒߡ޿ߞߚ

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ޕ

2000ᐕએ㒠ߪޔࠕࡈࠟ࠾ࠬ࠲ࡦᚢ੎߿ࠗ࡜ࠢᚢ੎ߥߤߦࠃࠅޔ☨࿖ߩ㐿⊒េഥ᡽╷ߪᣂ ߚߥォᯏࠍㄫ߃ࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚޕߘࠇ߹ߢᷫዋߐߖߡ޿ߚ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩ㗵ࠍᕆỗߦჇട ߐߖޔᓟㅀߔࠆࡒ࡟࠾ࠕࡓ㐿⊒౏␠㧔Millennium Challenge Corporation: MCC㧕ߩ⸳┙ߦࠃ ࠅޔ⚻ᷣ⊒ዷߩࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ߩ㜞޿࿖ޘޔߘߒߡਛ᧲߿ࠕࡈࠟ࠾ࠬ࠲ࡦߩ๺ᐔ㨯⊒ዷߩߚ߼ ߩᡰេߦᄙߊߩ⾗㊄߇ᛩ౉ߐࠇࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚޕ

☨࿖ߩ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩၮᧄᴺߢ޽ࠆኻᄖេഥᴺߪ3ㇱޔ╙1 ㇱߪ⚻ᷣេഥޔ╙2 ㇱߪァ ੐េഥޔ╙3ㇱߢߪេഥⷙቯޔߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ

หᴺ╙1᧦ߢߪޔ☨࿖ߩኻᄖេഥߩ⋡⊛ߣߒߡޔԘ⽺࿎ߩ✭๺ޔԙ㐿⊒ㅜ਄࿖߳ߩ⥄ഥ ⊛ߥ⚻ᷣ⊒ዷ㆐ᚑߩߚ߼ߩᡰេޔԚᏒ᳃ߩᮭ೑߿⚻ᷣߩᮭ೑߇ะ਄ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥ㐿⊒ࡊࡠ ࠮ࠬߩഥ㐳ޔԛ㐿⊒ㅜ਄࿖ߩ਎⇇⚻ᷣࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߳ߩ⛔วޔԜࠣ࠶࠼ࠟࡃ࠽ࡦࠬߩଦㅴޔߩ 5ߟࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿ࠆޕ

ኻᄖេഥᴺߪޔߘߩਛߢ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߣ࿖⋉ߣߩ㑐ㅪ߇ⷙቯߐࠇޔᄖ੤᡽╷ߩ㊀ⷐߥ৻ ㇱߢ޽ࠆߣߩ⹺⼂߇޽ࠆߚ߼ޔ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆℂ⸃߇ᓧࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣޔ߹ߚᧄᴺ ߦࠃࠅޔ࿖ോ⋭ߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߢ USAID ߇᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥࠍታᣉߔࠆߣ޿߁ᨒ⚵ߺ߇૞ࠄࠇ ߡ޿ࠆߚ߼ޔUSAIDߩ੍▚߽଻⼔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ޿ߞߚ․ᓽ߇޽ࠆ

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ޕ

ࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭ߇2ᦼ⋡ࠍㄫ߃ޔ੹ᓟߩ☨࿖ߩេഥᡷ㕟ߦะߌߚേ߈ߦߪᵈജ߇ᔅⷐߣߐࠇ ࠆ߇ޔࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭ1ᦼ⋡એ㒠ߩਥߥ⼏⺰ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆὐߪޔUSAIDߩᮭ㒢ᒝൻޔ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒ េഥታᣉᯏ㑐㑆ߩ⺞ᢛߩᡷༀޔេഥߩലᨐߩᬌ⸽ߥߤߢ޽ࠆ

19

ޕ2009㨪2011ᐕߩ╙ 111࿁ ㅪ㇌⼏ળߢߪޔBerman ⼏㐳߇ኻᄖេഥᴺࠍో㕙⊛ߦᡷ⸓ߔࠆᴺ᩺ޟGlobal Partnership Actޠ ࠍឭ಴ߒޔኻᄖេഥᡷ㕟ߪఝవ੐㗄ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇޔ2011㨪2013ᐕߩ╙112࿁ㅪ㇌⼏ ળߦ߅޿ߡߪޔPoe ⼏ຬߦࠃࠅޔ☨࿖ߩេഥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩㅘ᣿ᕈߣ৻⽾ᕈߩะ਄ࠍⷙቯߔ ࠆᴺ᩺ޟForeign Aid Transparency and Accountability Act of 2012㧔H.R. 3159㧕ޠ߇ឭ಴ߐࠇޔ ᧄᴺ᩺ߪޔ⿥ౄᵷߩ⼏ຬߦࠃࠅ⾥หࠍᓧߡ޿ࠆ

20

ޕ

ඨ਎♿೨ߦ೙ቯߐࠇߚኻᄖេഥᴺߪޔ⃻࿷߹ߢߦ૗ᐲ߆ୃᱜ㨯ᡷቯࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߩޔ េഥኾ㐷ኅߩᄢඨߪ⃻࿷ߩ࿖㓙ᖱ൓ࠍ෻ᤋߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߣᜰ៰ߒޔᣂߚߥᨒ⚵ߺߩᔅⷐᕈࠍ ਥᒛߒߡ޿ࠆ

21

ޕ

17

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㧔

2 㧕᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦଥࠆ᡽╷

2000ᐕએ㒠ߩ☨࿖ߩ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥ᡽╷ߪޔ2001ᐕ10᦬߆ࠄߩࠕࡈࠟ࠾ࠬ࠲ࡦᚢ੎ޔ2003 ᐕ3᦬߆ࠄߩࠗ࡜ࠢᚢ੎╬ࠍᄾᯏߣߒߡࠕࡈࠟ࠾ࠬ࠲ࡦޔࠗ࡜ࠢߩᓳ⥝ᡰេߦ㊀߈ࠍ⟎޿ ߡ߈ߚޕ2009ᐕએ㒠ߩࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭߦ߅޿ߡ߽ߎߩᣇะᕈߪᄢ߈ߊߪᄌൻߖߕޔࠢ࡝ࡦ࠻ࡦ ࿖ോ㐳ቭߪޔ࿖㒐㧔defense㧕ޔᄖ੤㧔diplomacy㧕ޔ㐿⊒េഥ㧔development㧕ߪኻᄖ᡽╷ߩ3 ᧄᩇߢ޽ࠅޔ☨࿖ߩ቟ో଻㓚ࠍផㅴߔࠆ਄ߢޔ㐿⊒េഥߪ࿖㒐߿ᄖ੤ߣਗ߱㊀ⷐߥⷐ࿃ߢ ޽ࠆߣ⸒෸ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

2009ᐕߦߪޡᄖ੤࡮㐿⊒᡽╷⷗⋥ߒႎ๔ᦠ㧔The Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review: QDDR㧕ޢࠍ⊒⴫ߒޔ࿖ോ⋭෸߮USAIDߩ⚵❱⢻ജࠍᒝൻߒޔ㐿⊒ࠍᄖ੤ߦ⛔วߔ ࠆߎߣࠍ᣿⏕ߦᛂߜ಴ߒߡ޿ࠆ

22

ޕ

߹ߚޔ2010ᐕ10᦬ߦࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔ߪࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞ߥ㐿⊒ߦ㑐ߔࠆᄢ⛔㗔઎ 㧔Presidential Policy Directive on Global Development: PPD㧕ࠍ⊒⴫ߒߚޕߎࠇߪޔᄢ⛔㗔⥄ࠄ㐿⊒េഥ᡽ ╷ߩࡆ࡚ࠫࡦࠍ␜ߔ߽ߩߢޔ☨࿖ೋߩో᡽ᐭ⊛ߥ㐿⊒ᚢ⇛ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕ㐿⊒߇☨࿖ߩ቟ ో଻㓚ߦਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ℂ⸃ߩਅޔ࿖㒐ޔ㐿⊒ޔᄖ੤ߩ3ߟࠍ⋧੕⵬ቢ⊛ߥኻᄖ᡽╷ ߣߒߡޔ଻ஜޔ㘩♳቟ో଻㓚ޔ᳇୥ᄌേߩ3ߟߩࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉࠍឝߍߡ޿ࠆ

23

ޕ

2012ᐕ⃻࿷ޔ࿖ോ⋭ߣUSAIDߪޟࠕࡈࠟ࠾ࠬ࠲ࡦ࡮ࡄࠠࠬ࠲ࡦޠޔޟࠗ࡜ࠢޠޔޟ࿖㓙଻ ஜޠޔޟ᳇୥ᄌേޠޔޟ㘩ߩ቟ో଻㓚ޠޔޟ᳃ਥਥ⟵࡮ࠣ࠶࠼ࠟࡃ࠽ࡦࠬ࡮ੱᮭޠޔޟ࿖㓙቟ో଻ 㓚࡮ᩭ᜛ᢔ㒐ᱛޠޔޟࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻࡮Ꮢ᳃ࠠࡖࡄࠪ࠹ࠖߩ᭴▽㧔building civilian capacity㧕ޠ ߩ8ಽ㊁ࠍఝవ⺖㗴ߣ૏⟎ઃߌޔ౒หߩఝవࡄࡈࠜ࡯ࡑࡦࠬ⋡ᮡ㧔High Priority Performance Goals: HPPGs㧕ࠍቯ߼ߡ޿ࠆ㧔࿑⴫ෳᾖ㧕ޕߎߩౝߩ3ߟߩ⋡ᮡ㧔ޟ࿖㓙଻ஜޠޔޟ㘩ߩ቟ో ଻㓚ޠޔޟ᳇୥ᄌേޠ㧕ߪ਄ㅀߩPDDߩਛᩭߣߥࠆ3ࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉࠍ෻ᤋߒߡ┙ߡࠄࠇߚ ⋡ᮡߢ޽ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ2004ᐕࡒ࡟࠾ࠕࡓ᜸ᚢળ⸘㧔Millennium Challenge Account: MCA㧕ታ ᣉਥ૕ߣߒߡ⸳┙ߐࠇߚMCCߪ2012ᐕ⃻࿷߹ߢߦޔ70ం࠼࡞એ਄ࠍ26ߩࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻

24

ߦ ಴⾗ߒޔ߹ߚ23ߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓޔว⸘49.5ం࠼࡞ࠍ಴⾗ߒߚ

25

ޕ

࿑⴫ ☨࿖࿖ോ⋭࡯USAID౒หఝవࡄࡈࠜ࡯ࡑࡦࠬ⋡ᮡ㧔HPPGs㧕

ಽ㊁ ⋡ᮡ

ࠕ ࡈ ࠟ ࠾ ࠬ ࠲ ࡦ ࡮ ࡄࠠࠬ࠲ࡦ

• ቟ቯᚢ⇛㧔Stabilization Strategy㧕ࠍㆀⴕߔࠆ

ࠗ࡜ࠢ • ࠗ࡜ࠢߩ⁛┙࡮⛔ᴦࠍ⏕଻ߔࠆ

࿖㓙଻ஜ • ࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞࡮ࡋ࡞ࠬ࡮ࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉߦᓥ޿ޔᲣⷫߣ5ᱦᧂḩߩ ੃ᐜఽޔᅧᇚߩᱫ੢₸ࠍ೥ᷫߔࠆߣ౒ߦHIVᗵᨴߩ੍㒐ߣᾲᏪ∛

22

ᄖോ⋭㧔2011a㧕 23

ߘࠇߙࠇޔޟ࿖㓙଻ஜࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉ㧔Global Health Initiative: GHI㧕ޠޔޟࡈࠖ࡯࠼࡮ࠩ࡮ࡈࡘ࡯࠴ࡖ࡯㧔Feed

the Future: FTF㧕ޠޔޟࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞᳇୥ᄌേࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉ㧔Global Climate Change Initiative: GCCI㧕ޠߩ3ࠗ

࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕᄖോ⋭㧔2011a㧕ޕ

24

MCCߩࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻㧔compact㧕ߣߪޔMCCߣⵍេഥ࿖߇✦⚿ߔࠆⶄᢙᐕᐲߩวᗧᢥᦠߩߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔ

ࠆ㧔http://www.mcc.gov/pages/activities㧕ޕ 25

(12)

ಽ㊁ ⋡ᮡ

ߩᩮ⛘߳ߩข⚵ࠍⴕ߁

᳇୥ᄌേ • ૐ὇⚛㐿⊒ᚢ⇛㧔Low-Emission Development Strategies: LEDS㧕ࠍ ᦨૐ12ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓޔ20߆࿖ߦߡታᣉߔࠆ

㘩ߩ቟ో଻㓚 • ޟࡈࠖ࡯࠼࡮ࠩ࡮ࡈࡘ࡯࠴ࡖ࡯㧔Feed the Future: FTF㧕ޠߦᓥ޿ޔ ⽺࿎ߣ㘫㙈ࠍ೥ᷫߒ㘩ߩ቟ో଻㓚ࠍ⏕଻ߔࠆ

᳃ ਥ ਥ ⟵ ࡮ ࠣ ࠶ ࠼ ࠟࡃ࠽ࡦࠬ࡮ੱᮭ

• ᳃ਥൻߣ᥉ㆉ⊛ߥੱᮭߩ⏕଻ޔ⺑᣿⽿છࠍᨐߚߒߚࠟࡃ࠽ࡦࠬ߇ ⴕࠊࠇࠆࠃ߁⒖ⴕ⻉࿖ࠍᡰេߔࠆ

࿖ 㓙 ቟ ో ଻ 㓚 ࡮ ᩭ ᜛ᢔ㒐ᱛ

• ᩭ౓ེߩ᜛ᢔࠍ࿖㓙⊛ߦ੍㒐ߒߡ޿ߊߣ౒ߦޔ቟ోߥᩭࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ ࡯ࠍ⏕଻ߔࠆ

ࡑ ࡀ ࠫ ࡔ ࡦ ࠻ ࡮ Ꮢ ᳃ ࠠ ࡖ ࡄ ࠪ ࠹ ࠖ ߩ ᭴▽

• Ꮢ᳃␠ળߣ᳃㑆࠮ࠢ࠲࡯ࠍᒝൻߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅޔេഥലᨐߩะ਄ ߣᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈࠍ⋡ᜰߔ

⾗ᢱ㧕USAID㧔2012㧕ߣUS Department of State and USAID㧔2012㧕ࠍၮߦMURC૞ᚑޕ

㧔

3 㧕᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩታᣉ૕೙㧔ᯏ㑐ޔਥߚࠆᓎഀ㧕

Ԙ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩታᣉ૕೙

OECD/DACߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩቯ⟵ߪޔ᡽ᐭ߹ߚߪ᡽ᐭߩታᣉᯏ㑐ߦࠃߞߡ㐿⊒ㅜ

਄࿖߹ߚߪ࿖㓙ᯏ㑐ߦଏਈߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߢޔ㐿⊒ㅜ਄࿖ߩ⚻ᷣ࡮␠ળߩ⊒ዷ߿⑔␩ߩะ਄ߦ ᓎ┙ߟߚ߼ߦⴕ߁⾗㊄࡮ᛛⴚឭଏߦࠃࠆදജࠍᗧ๧ߒߡ޿ࠆޕDACߩ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥ߇ޟ㐿 ⊒ ද ജ 㧔Development Assistance㧕ޠ ߢ޽ ࠆ ߣ ߔ ࠆߣ ޔ ☨ ࿖ ߩ᡽ ᐭ 㐿 ⊒ េഥ ߪ ޔޟ ኻ ᄖេ ഥ 㧔Foreign Assistance㧕ޠߣ๭߫ࠇޔ㐿⊒දജߩᗧ๧ว޿ࠃࠅ߽ࠃࠅᄖ੤⊛ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߦᵈᗧ ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆޕ

(13)

࿑⴫ េഥታᣉ૕೙࿑

⾗ᢱ㧕ᄖോ⋭㧔2011a㧕ࠍၮߦMURC૞ᚑޕ

ԙਥߥ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥᯏ㑐ߣ᭎ⷐ

☨࿖ߩኻᄖេഥߦ㑐ࠊࠆᯏ㑐ߪ᡽ᐭᯏ㑐ߛߌߢ50ࠍ⿥߃ࠆߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔᧄⓂߢߪ․ ߦ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿ࠆਅ⸥6ߟߩᯏ㑐ޔ࿖ോ⋭㧔United States Department of State㧕ޔ ☨࿖࿖㓙㐿⊒ᐡ㧔United States Agency for International Development: USAID㧕ޔࡒ࡟࠾ࠕࡓ᜸ ᚢ౏␠㧔Millennium Challenge Corporation: MCC㧕ޔ⽷ോ⋭㧔United States Department of the Treasury㧕ޔㄘോ⋭㧔United States Department of Agriculture: USDA㧕ޔ࿖㒐✚⋭㧔United States Department of Defense: DOD㧕ߩ᭎ⷐࠍ⺑᣿ߔࠆޕ

࿑⴫ ਥߥេഥታᣉਥ૕

ਥߥታᣉਥ૕ ਥߥᬺോ

࿖ോ⋭ ࡮ ኻᄖេഥߦଥࠆ᡽╷ᒻᚑ

࡮ ᄖ੤࡮㐿⊒᡽╷⷗⋥ߒႎ๔ᦠ㧔The Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review: QDDR㧕ߩታᣉ

࿖㓙㐿⊒ᐡ㧔USAID㧕 ࡮ ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻㨯ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩታᣉ㨯ࡕ࠾࠲࡝ ࡦࠣ㨯⹏ଔ

ࡒ࡟࠾ࠕࡓ᜸ᚢ౏␠㧔MCC㧕 ࡮ ࡒ࡟࠾ࠕࡓ᜸ᚢળ⸘㧔MCA㧕ߩㆇ༡࡮ታᣉ ⽷ോ⋭ ࡮࿖㓙㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐߳ߩ᜚಴

ㄘോ⋭㧔USDA㧕 ࡮ 㘩♳េഥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߣ✕ᕆ㘩♳េഥߩታᣉ

࿖㒐✚⋭㧔DOD㧕 ࡮ ァ੐េഥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔ኻᄖァ੐Ⲣ⾗ޔPKOޔ࿖㓙ァ੐ᢎ ⢒⸠✵ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧕ߩታᣉ

࡮ 㕖ァ੐េഥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔᳃㑆េഥ㧕ߩታᣉ

⾗ᢱ㧕DAC㧔2011㧕╬ࠍၮߦMURC૞ᚑޕ

࿖ോ⋭ ع ࿖ോ㐳ቭ

ع ࿖ോ೽㐳ቭ

㧔ࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻෸߮࡝࡝࡯ࠬᜂᒰ㧕

᡽╷ㇱ㐷

USAID

ع USAID㐳ቭ

ታᣉㇱ㐷

ࡒ࡟࠾ࠕࡓ౏␠㧔MCC㧕

ع ℂ੐㐳㧔࿖ോ㐳ቭ㧕

ع CEO

ߘߩઁេഥߦ㑐ਈߔࠆ᡽ᐭᯏ㑐

ع ⽷ോ⋭㧔࿖㓙㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐߳ߩ᜚಴㧕

ع ㄘോ⋭㧔㘩♳េഥ㧕

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a㧕࿖ോ⋭㧔United States Department of State㧕

࿖ോ⋭ߪ☨࿖ߩᄖ੤᡽╷ࠍᚲロߒޔ․ߦᐢ⟵ߩኻᄖេഥߩ᡽╷ᒻᚑߦ៤ࠊߞߡ޿ࠆޕߘ ߩ㓙ޔ4 ᐕᲤߦ⊒⴫ߐࠇࠆ QDDR ߦࠃߞߡޔᄖ੤᡽╷ߣ㐿⊒᡽╷ߩ৻⽾ᕈࠍ଻ߜߥ߇ࠄޔ

࿖ോ⋭ߣ USAID ߇⺑᣿⽿છࠍᨐߚߒޔࠃࠅലᨐ⊛ߦᯏ⢻ߒߡ޿ߊߚ߼ߩ⢻ജࠍᒝൻߒޔ

㐿⊒ࠍᄖ੤᡽╷ߦ⛔วߒߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇ᵴേ⋡⊛ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕ2010ᐕߩ QDDR ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ ႎ๔ᦠߢߪޔߎࠇࠄߩ⋡ᮡ㆐ᚑߩߚ߼ߦߪ☨࿖ߩޟᏒ᳃ߩജ㧔Civilian Power㧕ޠࠍᒁ߈਄ ߍߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߣᒝ⺞ߐࠇߚޕ߹ߚ2012ᐕ3᦬ߦߪޔ2011ᐕ߆ࠄ2016ᐕߩ࿖ ോ⋭ߣUSAIDߩߚ߼ߩᚢ⇛⸘↹㧔Strategic Plan㧕߽⊒⴫ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ

26

ޕ

b㧕࿖㓙㐿⊒ᐡ㧔United States Agency for International Development: USAID㧕

USAIDߪޔ☨࿖ߩ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩ⚂9ഀࠍභ߼ࠆੑ࿖㑆េഥߩታᣉᯏ㑐ߣߒߡਛᔃ⊛ߥ

ᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿ࠆޕUSAIDߪޔ࿖ോ㐳ቭ߆ࠄ✚ว⊛ߥᄖ੤᡽╷ߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬࠍฃߌࠆ⁛ ┙ߒߚㅪ㇌᡽ᐭᯏ㑐ߢ޽ࠅޔ☨࿖ᄖ੤᡽╷ߩ⋡ᮡߦၮߠ޿ߡޔ਎⇇ฦ࿾ߢ⚻ᷣេഥޔ㐿⊒ េഥޔੱ㆏េഥࠍឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆޕUSAIDߩេഥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߪ࿖ോ⋭ߣߩ౒หߦࠃࠅ⸘↹ߐ ࠇߡ޿ࠆޕࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩታᣉߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔߘߩౝኈ߿ታᣉ࿾ၞߦࠃߞߡޔ࿖ോ⋭ޔ㑐ଥ⋭ ᐡߣද⼏࡮ㅪ៤߹ߚߪᆔ⸤ߔࠆ૕೙ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕUSAIDߪޔࡢࠪࡦ࠻ࡦߩᧄㇱࠃࠅ߽ᶏ ᄖ੐ോᚲ㧔95᜚ὐ㧕ߦࠃࠅᄙߊߩ⡯ຬࠍ㈩⟎ߒޔេഥ᩺ઙታᣉߩ▤ℂߣߘߩᮭ㒢ࠍᶏᄖ੐ ോᚲߦᆔ⼑ߒߡ޿ࠆ

27

ޕ2011 ᐕᐲ੍▚ⷐ᳞ߦ߅޿ߡߪޔ᡽ᐭ⋥ធ㓹↪⡯ຬ2,613 ੱ㧔ᧄㇱ 1,683ੱޔᶏᄖ੐ോᚲ930ੱ㧕ࠍ⸘↹ߒߡ߅ࠅޔ࿷ᄖ⃻࿾ណ↪⡯ຬ2,449ੱߩ߶߆ޔฦ⒳ࡊ ࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢណ↪ߐࠇࠆ⠪ࠍ฽߼ࠆߣ✚ᢙ10,178ੱ㧔ᧄㇱ2,211ੱޔᶏᄖ੐ോᚲ 7,967ੱ㧕 ߩ㓹↪ࠍ⸘↹ߒߚ

28

ޕ߹ߚޔUSAIDߪᓥ᧪ࠃࠅޔPVO㧔Private Voluntary Organization㧕

29

ࠍ ㊀ⷐࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ߣ૏⟎ઃߌⓍᭂᵴ↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔ᓟㅀ㧕ޕ

c㧕ࡒ࡟࠾ࠕࡓ᜸ᚢ౏␠㧔Millennium Challenge Corporation: MCC㧕

MCCߪ2002ᐕߦ⊒⴫ߐࠇߚMCAߩታᣉߩߚ߼ߩេഥᯏ㑐ߣߒߡ2004ᐕ1᦬ߦ⸳┙ߐ ࠇߚޕMCCߪޔ࿖ㅪ੐ോ㐳ቭ߇⼏㐳ࠍോ߼ࠆMCCℂ੐ળ㧔ઁߦ⽷ോ㐳ቭޔ☨࿖ㅢ໡ઍ⴫

㧔USTR㧕ޔUSAID㐳ቭ╬߇ෳട㧕ߦ߅޿ߡޔᡰេࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆ઀⚵ߺߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕౕ૕⊛

ߦߪޔޟࠣ࠶࠼㨯ࠟࡃ࠽ࡦࠬޠޔޟ⚻ᷣ⊛⥄↱ᐲޠޔޟᏒ᳃߳ߩᛩ⾗ޠߣ޿߁3ಽ㊁ߦߟ޿ߡ17

26

࿖ോ⋭㧔2010㧕ޕ

27

ᄖോ⋭㧔2011a㧕 28

ᄖോ⋭㧔2011a㧕ޡODA⊕ᦠ2011ޢ

㧔http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/shiryo/hakusyo/10_hakusho_sh/pdfs/s3-2.pdf㧕 29

(15)

ᜰᮡߩ⹏ଔ╬ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡㆬቯߐࠇࠆㆡᩰ࿖ߣߩ㑆ߢࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻㧔วᗧᦠߩᗧ๧ޕMillennium Challenge Compact㧕ࠍ✦⚿ߒޔⶄᢙᐕߦࠊߚࠅᄢⷙᮨߥήఘ⾗㊄ଏਈࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ㆡᩰ࿖ߦߥࠅᓧࠆ࿖ࠍḰࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔threshold program㧕ㆡᩰ࿖ߣߒߡޔዊⷙᮨ ߩήఘ⾗㊄ଏਈ߽ⴕߞߡ޿ࠆޕ2010ᐕᐲ੍▚ⷐ᳞ߦ߅޿ߡޔ300ੱ⒟ᐲߩᧄㇱ㧔ࡢࠪࡦ࠻ ࡦDC㧕⡯ຬߩ㓹↪ࠍ⸘↹ߒߚ

30

ޕ

MCC ߪ⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ߩ㜞޿࿖ࠍㆬᛯߒޔᡰេࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆޕ2012 ᐕ⃻࿷26ߩࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻߇✦⚿ߐࠇ㧔࿑⴫ෳᾖ㧕ޔ⚥⸘70ం࠼࡞એ਄ࠍ಴⾗ߒߡ߈ߚ

31

ޕ MCA ߩኻ⽎ߣߥߞߚ࿖ߪޔᄙ᭽ߥ㑐ଥ⠪ߣߩࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍⴕߞߚ਄ߢޔᡰេ ኻ⽎ߣߥࠆࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆડ↹ᦠࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆޕߘߩᓟޔMCCߣߩ੤ᷤࠍ⚻ߡMCCߣ ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩౝኈߦ㑐ߔࠆࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻߇✦⚿ߐࠇࠆޕߎߩࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ߦߪޔࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ ⋡ᮡ߇᣿␜ߐࠇޔ⋡ᮡ㆐ᚑ⁁ᴫߪޔᔀᐩߒߡࡕ࠾࠲࡝ࡦࠣ࡮⹏ଔߐࠇࠆޕߐࠄߦޔMCA ኻ⽎࿖ߩㆬቯၮḰޔㆬቯ⚿ᨐ෸߮ᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩㅴ᝞⁁ᴫ

32

ߪਅ⸥࿑⴫ߩࠃ߁ߥޟࠬࠦ ࠕࠞ࡯࠼ޠߣߒߡ MCC ߩ࠙ࠛࡉࠨࠗ࠻ߢ౏㐿ߐࠇࠆߥߤޔㅘ᣿ᕈ࡮ࠕࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࡆ࡝࠹ࠖ ߇ᒝߊᗧ⼂ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ

33

ޕ

࿑⴫ ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻✦⚿࿖࡝ࠬ࠻㧔26߆࿖㧕

⾗ᢱ㧕MCC㧔2012㧕ࠍၮߦMURC૞ᚑޕ

30

ᄖോ⋭㧔2011a㧕ޡODA⊕ᦠ2011ޢ

㧔http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/shiryo/hakusyo/10_hakusho_sh/pdfs/s3-2.pdf㧕 31

MCC࠙ࠛࡉࠨࠗ࠻㧔http://www.mcc.gov/pages/about㧕

32

2013ᐕᐲߩㆬቯၮḰߪMCC㧔2012㧕ෳᾖޕ 33

࿖㓙දജ㌁ⴕ㧔2005㧕

(16)

࿑⴫ MCCᡰេኻ⽎࿖ߩࠬࠦࠕࠞ࡯࠼ߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫ㧔଀:ࠕࡈࠟ࠾ࠬ࠲ࡦ㧕

⾗ᢱ㧕MCC㧔2012㧕ࠍၮߦMURC૞ᚑޕ

MCCߩข⚵ߺߪޔߘߩታᣉᣇ㊎߿ᚻᴺߥߤ߇ᓥ᧪ߩ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߣߪ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔ ߘߩ⺖㗴ߣߒߡਅ⸥ߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ

34

ޕ

࡮ ᚢ⇛⊛ߦఝవᐲߩૐ޿࿖ߦኻߔࠆᡰេ㧦MCCᡰេኻ⽎࿖ߩਛߦߪ☨࿖ߩᚢ⇛ߦ߅޿ ߡ㊀ⷐߥ࿖߫߆ࠅߢߪߥߊޔᚢ⇛⊛ߥఝవᐲߩૐ޿࿖ޘߦኻߒߡ⛮⛯⊛ߥេഥࠍታ ᣉߢ߈ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇⺖㗴ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ࠹ࡠߩ᷷ᐥߣߥࠅ߁ࠆࠟ ࡃ࠽ࡦࠬ᳓Ḱߩᖡ޿࿖ߪេഥኻ⽎࿖ߣߪߥࠄߥ޿ߚ߼ޔ⸳┙ᒰೋߩ⋡⊛ߢ޽ߞߚޟ࠹ ࡠ㒐ᱛߩߚ߼ߩ⽺࿎✭๺ޠࠍ㆐ᚑߢ߈ࠆߩ߆ߣ޿߁⇼໧ߩჿ߽਄ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ ࡮ MCCᡰេኻ⽎࿖ߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓታᣉ⢻ജ㧦MCAᡰេኻ⽎࿖ߩ࠺࡯࠲෼㓸ޔಽᨆޔ⾰

ߩ㜞޿ડ↹ᦠ૞ᚑޔࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩࡕ࠾࠲࡝ࡦࠣ࡮⹏ଔࠍㆡಾߦታᣉߔࠆ⢻ജ߇஻ࠊ ߞߡ޿ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆߇ ᔨߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ

(17)

⡯ߩሽ࿷࡮ᷓᐲࠍᦨ߽㊀ⷐߥㆬ⠨ၮḰߣߒߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔታ㓙ߦળ⸘਄ߩࠕࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࡆ ࡝࠹ࠖࠍ⏕଻ߒޔᳪ⡯ࠍቢోߦ㒐ᱛߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆߇ ᔨߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ

d㧕⽷ോ⋭㧔United States Department of the Treasury㧕

⽷ോ⋭ߪޔ਎⇇㌁ⴕ߿IMF╬ߩ࿖㓙㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐߳ߩ಴⾗ߣ᜚಴ࠍⴕ޿ޔ߹ߚߘࠇࠄߩᯏ㑐 ߳ߩ᜚಴ࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߩ੍▚⺧᳞ᦠߩ૞ᚑߣ᡽╷⹏ଔࠍᜂᒰߒߡ޿ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ⽷ോ⋭ᛛⴚද ജዪ㧔United States Department of Treasury’s Office of Technical Assistance: OTA㧕ࠍㅢߒߡޔ ㅜ਄࿖᡽ᐭߩ⽷ോ▤ℂߦ㑐ߔࠆᛛⴚᡰេࠍታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆ

35

ޕ

e㧕ㄘോ⋭㧔United States Department of Agriculture: USDA㧕

ㄘോ⋭ߪ㘩♳េഥࠍᜂᒰߒߡ޿ࠆޕౕ૕⊛ߦߪએਅߩ5ߟߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆޕ ߹ ߚ ޔ 㘩 ♳េ ഥ ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ࡜ ࡓ એ ᄖ ߦ߽ ޔ ㄘ ോ ೽㐳 ቭ ߩ ᮭ 㒢ߢ ታ ᣉ ߐ ࠇࠆ The Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trustߣ޿߁㘩♳✕ᕆេഥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߽ታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ

36

ޕ

࿑⴫ ☨࿖ㄘോ⋭ߩታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆ㘩♳េഥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ

ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓฬ ౝኈ

Food for Progress㧔FFP㧕 ☨࿖↥ㄘ↥‛ߩ⿅ਈߣ౒ߦޔㄘᬺᛛⴚߩะ਄࡮

ㄘᬺࡆࠫࡀࠬࠍଦㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠍ ታᣉߔࠆޕㄘ᧛࿾ၞߩ෼౉ࠍჇ߿ߔߣ౒ߦ㘩♳ ቟ో଻㓚ࠍ㜞߼ߡ޿ߊߎߣࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒߚᵴേߣ ߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕ

The Mc Govern-Dole International Food for

Education and Child Nutrition Program

ቇᩞ⛎㘩ޔૐᚲᓧߩᲣሶะߌߩᩕ㙃ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ ࠻ޔ㘩ߩ቟ోߦߟ޿ߡߩᢎ⢒੐ᬺࠍታᣉߔࠆޕ The Local and Regional Procurement

Project㧔USDA LTP Project㧕

2009㨪2012ᐕߩ5ᐕ㑆ߦታᣉߐࠇߚ࿾↥࿾ᶖផ ㅴߩߚ߼ߩࡄࠗࡠ࠶࠻࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢ6,000ਁ࠼ ࡞ߩ⾗㊄߇ᛩ౉ߐࠇߚޕ

The Food for Peace Act㧔FPA㧕ㄘ૞‛ߩ⾏ᤃࠍ⊒ዷߐߖࠆߚ߼ߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߣ ߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕ

The Section 416㧔b㧕Program Commodity Credit Corporation㧔CCC㧕ߦࠃࠅᶏᄖ ߢ⺞㆐ߐࠇߚ૛೾ㄘ૞‛ࠍ⿅ਈߔࠆࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕ

⾗ᢱ㧕☨࿖ㄘോ⋭࠙ࠛࡉࠨࠗ࠻ࠍၮߦMURC૞ᚑޕ

35

OTA࠙ࠛࡉࠨࠗ࠻

㧔http://www.treasury.gov/about/organizational-structure/offices/Pages/Technical-Assistance-.aspx㧕ෳᾖޕ 36

ㄘോ⋭࠙ࠛࡉࠨࠗ࠻㧔http://www.fas.usda.gov/excredits/FoodAid/emersontrust.asp㧕ޕ଀߃߫ޔ2005ᐕߩࠛ

࠴ࠝࡇࠕߣࠛ࡝࠻࡝ࠕࠍߪߓ߼ߣߔࠆ⷏ࠕࡈ࡝ࠞ㘫㙈ߩ㓙ߦޔ50ਁ࠻ࡦߩ㘩♳ࠍ✕ᕆ㘩♳េഥߣߒߡነ

(18)

f㧕࿖㒐✚⋭㧔United States Department of Defense: DOD㧕

☨࿖ߩ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩ․ᓽߩ৻ߟߪޔេഥߦァ੐េഥ㧔military aid/assistance㧕߇฽߹ࠇ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ޕ ☨ ࿖ ߩ ァ ੐ េ ഥ ߪ ᄢ ߈ ߊ ಽ ߌ ߡ ኻ ᄖ ァ ੐ Ⲣ ⾗㧔Foreign Military Financing㧕ޔ࿖ㅪᐔ๺⛽ᜬᵴേ㧔Peacekeeping Operation: PKO㧕ޔ࿖㓙ァ੐ᢎ⢒⸠✵ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ ࡓ㧔International Military Education and Training Program㧕ߩ3ߟߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦᄢ೎ߢ߈ޔ DODߪߎࠇࠄߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩታᣉᯏ㑐ߣߒߡ૏⟎ઃߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ

g㧕࿖㓙දജ㕖᡽ᐭ⚵❱㧔Non Governmental Organization : NGOs㧕

☨࿖ߦ߅޿ߡߪޔNGOs ߇᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥታᣉᯏ㑐ߣߒߡߩ㊀ⷐߥᜂ޿ᚻߩ৻ߟߣ⹺⼂ߐ ࠇޔ☨࿖᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥ߿࿖㓙ᯏ㑐ߩ⾗㊄߳ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߦᒝ޿ߟߥ߇ࠅࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆޕታ㓙 ߦޔ2009ᐕߩޟర౓჻ߩᱞⵝ⸃㒰ޔേຬ⸃㒰ޔ␠ળᓳᏫ㧔Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration㧦DDR㧕ޠ߳ߩ USAID ߩਥⷐߥኻᔕߣߒߡታᣉ⺞㆐ᡷ㕟㧔Implementation and Procurement Reform: IPR㧕߇᜼ߍࠄࠇޔߎߎߢUSAIDߣNGOsࠍߪߓ߼ߣߔࠆᏒ᳃␠ળ⚵ ❱㧔Civil Society Organizations: CSOs㧕ߣߩࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊࠍᒝ߼ߡ޿ߊߎߣࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒ ߡ޿ߚ

37

ޕ

߹ߚޔޟ࿖㓙දജNGO࡟ࡐ࡯࠻2012㧔the 2012 Report of American Voluntary Agencies Engaged in Overseas Relief and Development Registered with the U.S. Agency for International

Development ㅢ⒓ 2012 VolAg Report㧕ޠߦࠃࠆߣޔ2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬⃻࿷ޔ579 ࿅૕߇ Private Voluntary Organization㧔PVOs㧕ߣߒߡUSAIDߦ⊓㍳ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔߘߩౝ95࿅૕߇࿖㓙PVOsޔ 6࿅૕߇☨࿖දജ㐿⊒⚵❱㧔the U.S. Cooperative Development Organizations: CDOs㧕ߣߥߞ ߡ޿ࠆޕUSAIDߪޔ2010ᐕߦߪPVOsߦ33ం࠼࡞ࠍ᜚಴ޔUSAIDએᄖߩ᡽ᐭᯏ㑐෸߮࿖ 㓙ᯏ㑐ߪ36ం౞ࠍPVOsߦ᜚಴ߒߡ޿ࠆޕPVOsో૕ߢߪ᡽ᐭએᄖ߆ࠄ209ం࠼࡞ߩ⾗㊄ ࠍᓧߡ޿ࠆޕ

߹ߚޔUSAIDߪPVOsߦኻߒߡ⵬ഥ㊄ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߽ታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆޕUSAIDߣߩᬺോ⚻㛎 ߇ዋߥ޿࿅૕ะߌߩ㐿⊒ࠣ࡜ࡦ࠻࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔Development Grants Program㧕߿PVO⚵❱ ߩ⢻ജᒝൻߩߚ߼ߦฦ⒳ᛛⴚᡰេࠍⴕ߁ࠤࠗࡄࡉ࡞࡮ࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯࠭࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔Capable Partners Program㧕ߣ޿ߞߚᡰេࠬࠠ࡯ࡓߪߘߩ৻଀ߢ޽ࠆ

38

ޕUSAIDߪߎࠇࠄࠍㅢߒߡޔ PVOsࠍ․ߦ⽷᡽㕙࡮⢻ജᒝൻ㕙ߢᡰេߒޔPVOs߇㐿⊒េഥ߿ੱ㆏⊛ᡰេߦ߅޿ߡ⃻႐࡟ ࡌ࡞ߢߩ⍮⼂ޔ⚻㛎ޔኾ㐷ࠍᦨᄢ㒢⊒ើߢ߈ࠆⅣႺ૞ࠅߦ⽸₂ߒߡ޿ࠆ

39

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㧔

4 㧕᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦଥࠆታ❣ޔ੍▚╬

Ԙ੍▚

਄ㅀߩㅢࠅޔ1960ᐕઍߩኻᄖេഥᴺߩ೙ቯએ㒠ޔ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߣ࿖⋉ߣߩ㑐ㅪ߇᣿␜ߐ ࠇޔ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥ߇ᄖ੤᡽╷ߩ㊀ⷐߥ৻ㇱߢ޽ࠆߣߩ⹺⼂ߣ࿖᳃ߩ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦኻߔࠆ ℂ⸃߇ᓧࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߿ޔᧄᴺߦࠃࠅޔ࿖ോ⋭ߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߢ USAID ߇᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥ ࠍታᣉߔࠆߣ޿߁ᨒ⚵ߺ߇૞ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅޔUSAIDߩ੍▚߽଻⼔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ

40

ޕ ߘߩߚ߼ޔᤨઍߩ᡽ᴦ⊛ߥ㑐ㅪ੐㗄ߦᏀฝߐࠇࠆ௑ะ߇ᒝ޿߽ߩߩޔ1990ᐕઍߩవㅴ࿖ ߩេഥ∋ࠇߩࠃ߁ߥ௑ะߪޔ2001ᐕએ㒠ߪ⷗ࠄࠇߥ޿ޕ߹ߚޔ2004ᐕ߆ࠄ2005ᐕߦ߆ߌ ߡߩᄢ᏷ߥ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩჇ㗵ߪޔMCCࠍㅢߓߚࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓታᣉߩߚ߼ߩ੍▚Ⴧ㗵߇ⴕࠊ ࠇߚߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆޕ

ԙታ❣

ਅ⸥࿑⴫ߢߪޔ2004ᐕ߆ࠄ2011ᐕߩ☨࿖ߩេഥታ❣ߩផ⒖෸߮1960 ᐕ߆ࠄ2011ᐕߩ េഥታ❣㗵ߩផ⒖ࠍ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔ߘࠇߙࠇ⚐ᡰ಴㗵ࡌ࡯ࠬ㧕ޕ☨࿖ߪ2000ᐕߦេഥታ❣㗵 ߇਎⇇╙1૏ߣߥߞߡએ㒠ޔ2011ᐕ߹ߢߩ㗅૏ߪ㚂૏ࠍ⛽ᜬߒߡ޿ࠆޕ2005ᐕ߆ࠄ2007 ᐕߦ߆ߌߡޔ৻ᐲߪេഥ㗵߇ᷫዋߒߚ߽ߩߩޔ2008ᐕ߆ࠄߪౣ߮Ⴧടߦォߓߡ޿ࠆޕ

᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩኻ GNIᲧ㧔ਅ⸥࿑⴫ෳᾖ㧕ߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ1960 ᐕઍߩ0.60%㧔1963 ᐕ㧕 ߆ࠄ0.36㧑㧔1966ᐕ㧕ߣᄢ߈ߥᄌേ߇⷗ࠄࠇߚ߇ޔ1970ᐕઍߪᢙ୯߇ᷫዋߒ1979ᐕߦߪ 0.19%߹ߢᷫዋߒߚޕ1980ᐕบ߽0.2%บࠍផ⒖ߒޔ2000ᐕߦߪ0.10%ߣᦨૐ୯ࠍߟߌߚ߽ ߩߩޔ2000ᐕઍᓟඨએ㒠ߪ0.16㨪0.20㧑೨ᓟߢផ⒖ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

☨࿖᡽ᐭߪޔ2015ᐕ߹ߢߦኻᄖេഥ੍▚ࠍ500ం࠼࡞߹ߢჇടߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

࿑⴫ ☨࿖ߩេഥታ❣ߩផ⒖㧔⚐ᡰ಴ࡌ࡯ࠬ㧕

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

ታ❣㗵

㧔⊖ਁ࠼࡞㧕 19,705 27,935 23,532 21,787 26,437 28,831 30,353 30,745 ታ❣㗵㗅૏ 1૏ 1૏ 1૏ 1૏ 1૏ 1૏ 1૏ 1૏ ࠪࠚࠕ㧔㧑㧕 24.8 26.1 22.5 22.5 22.1 24.1 23.6 23

ኻGNIᲧ 0.17 0.23 0.18 0.16 0.18 0.21 0.21 0.20

ኻGNI㗅૏ 20૏ 20૏ 21૏ 21૏ 21૏ 19૏ 19૏ 19૏

⾗ᢱ㧕OECD/DAC࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬࠍၮߦMURC૞ᚑޕ

ᵈ㧕2011ᐕߪᥳቯᢙ୯ޕ

40

(20)

࿑⴫ ☨࿖េഥታ❣㗵ߩផ⒖ 㧔1960-2011ᐕ㧕㧔⚐ᡰ಴ࡌ࡯ࠬޔන૏㧦⊖ਁ࠼࡞㧕

㪇㪌㪃㪇㪇㪇㪈㪇㪃㪇㪇㪇㪈㪌㪃㪇㪇㪇㪉㪇㪃㪇㪇㪇㪉㪌㪃㪇㪇㪇㪊㪇㪃㪇㪇㪇㪊㪌㪃㪇㪇㪇

㪈㪐㪍

㪇㪈㪐

㪍㪊㪈㪐

㪍㪍㪈㪐

㪍㪐㪈㪐

㪎㪉㪈㪐

㪎㪌㪈㪐

㪎㪏㪈㪐

㪏㪈㪈

㪐㪏㪋

㪈㪐

㪏㪎㪈㪐

㪐㪇㪈㪐

㪐㪊㪈㪐

㪐㪍㪈㪐

㪐㪐

㪉㪇㪇㪉

㪉㪇㪇㪌

㪉㪇㪇㪏

㪉㪇㪈㪈

ᵈ㧕2011ᐕߪᥳቯᢙ୯ޕ

࿑⴫ ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩኻGNIᲧߩផ⒖㧔1960-2011ᐕ㧕㧔න૏㧦㧑㧕

㪇㪅㪇㪇㪅㪈㪇㪅㪉㪇㪅㪊㪇㪅㪋㪇㪅㪌㪇㪅㪍㪇㪅㪎

㪈㪐㪍㪇㪈㪐㪍㪊

㪈㪐㪍㪍㪈㪐㪍㪐

㪈㪐㪎㪉

㪈㪐㪎㪌㪈㪐㪎㪏

㪈㪐㪏㪈

㪈㪐㪏㪋㪈㪐㪏㪎㪈㪐㪐㪇㪈㪐㪐㪊㪈㪐㪐㪍㪈㪐㪐㪐㪉㪇㪇㪉㪉㪇㪇㪌㪉㪇㪇㪏㪉㪇㪈㪈

(21)

࿾ၞ೎ߢߪޔਅ⸥࿑⴫ߦ␜ߐࠇߚߣ߅ࠅޔࠕࠫࠕ࿾ၞߣࠕࡈ࡝ࠞ࿾ၞะߌߩᡰេ߇ᄙߊޔ ߘࠇߙࠇో૕ߩេഥ㗵ߩ3ಽߩ1⒟ᐲࠍභ߼ߡ޿ࠆޕ࡜࠹ࡦࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߦ߽ޔⷙᮨߪ❗ዊߒ ߟߟ޽ࠆ߽ߩߩޔ৻ቯߩ㗵߇ᡰេߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆޕ

࿑⴫ ☨࿖ੑ࿖㑆េഥߩㅜ਄࿖ᚲᓧ㓏ጀ೎ഀว㧔1960-2010ᐕ㧕㧔⚐ᡰ಴㗵ޔන૏㧦㧑㧕

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

ૐ㐿⊒࿖ 䈠䈱ઁૐᚲᓧ࿖ ૐ૏ਛᚲᓧ࿖ ਄૏ਛᚲᓧ࿖ MADCT 䈠䈱ઁ

⾗ᢱ㧕OECD/DAC࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬࠍၮߦMURC૞ᚑ

ᵈ㧕MADCTߣߪޔ More Advanced Developing Countries and Territories㧔ਛ਄ᚲᓧ࿖㧕ߩᗧ๧ߢ޽ࠆޕ

࿑⴫ ☨࿖ੑ࿖㑆េഥߩኻ⽎࿾ၞ೎េഥ㗵ផ⒖㧔1960-2010ᐕ㧕㧔⚐ᡰ಴㗵ޔන૏㧦⊖ਁ࠼࡞㧕

(22)

ᱛߩߚ߼ࠗࡦ࠼߿ࡄࠠࠬ࠲ࡦޔࡌ࠻࠽ࡓޔ㖧࿖ߣ޿ߞߚ࿖ޘ߳ߩᡰេߩഀว߇ᄙߊޔ1970 ᐕઍ߆ࠄ1980 ᐕઍߪࠗࠬ࡜ࠛ࡞ߩᡰេ߇ᄢ߈ߥഀวࠍභ߼ޔ2000ᐕએ㒠ߪࠕࡈࠟ࠾ࠬ࠲ ࡦޔࠗ࡜ࠢߥߤߩኻ࠹ࡠኻ╷ߣߒߡਛ᧲๺ᐔߩ⋡⊛ߢ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥ߇㈩ಽߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ ߇ಽ߆ࠆޕ2005ᐕߩࠗ࡜ࠢ߳ߩ㈩ಽ㗵ߪޔ☨࿖េഥታ❣ผ਄ᦨᄢⷙᮨߩᡰេ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ ࠆޕ

࿑⴫ ☨࿖ߩਥⷐⵍេഥ࿖ߩផ⒖㧔1965-2010ᐕ㧕㧔න૏㧦⊖ਁ࠼࡞㧕

1965ᐕ 1975ᐕ 1985ᐕ

1 ࠗࡦ࠼ 857.37 1 ࠗࠬ࡜ࠛ࡞ 414.0 1 ࠗࠬ࡜ࠛ࡞ 1,948.0

2 ࡄࠠࠬ࠲ࡦ 331.36 2 ࡃࡦࠣ࡜࠺ࠪࡘ 379.0 2 ࠛࠫࡊ࠻ 1,354.0

3 ࡌ࠻࠽ࡓ 300.10 3 ࠗࡦ࠼ 225.0 3 ࠬ࡯࠳ࡦ 346.0

4 㖧࿖ 164.75 4 ࡄࠠࠬ࠲ࡦ 154.0 4 ࠛ࡞ࠨ࡞ࡃ࠼࡞ 287.0

5 ࡉ࡜ࠫ࡞ 135.29 5 ࡌ࠻࠽ࡓ 152.0 5 ࠦࠬ࠲࡝ࠞ 199.0

6 ࠻࡞ࠦ 129.76 6 ࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕ 91.0 6 ࡍ࡞࡯ 177.0

7 ࠴࡝ 99.98 7 㖧࿖ 88.0 7 ࡃࡦࠣ࡜࠺ࠪࡘ 165.0

8 ࠛࠫࡊ࠻ 85.67 8 ࠛࠫࡊ࠻ 84.0 8 ࡎࡦࠫࡘ࡜ࠬ 161.0

9 ࠼ࡒ࠾ࠞ౒๺࿖ 78.63 9 ࠴࡝ 82.0 9 ࡑ࡝ࠕ࠽⻉ፉ 154.0

10 ᣥ࡙࡯ࠧࠬ࡜ࡆࠕ 70.49 10 ࡑ࡝ࠕ࠽⻉ፉ 79.0 10 ࡄࠠࠬ࠲ࡦ 144.0

1995ᐕ 2005ᐕ 2010ᐕ

1 ࠛࠫࡊ࠻ 626.0 1 ࠗ࡜ࠢ 11,227.8 1 ࠕࡈࠟ࠾ࠬ࠲ࡦ 2,893.4

2 ࡂࠗ࠴ 382.0 2 ࠕࡈࠟ࠾ࠬ࠲ࡦ 1,318.3 2 ࠗ࡜ࠢ 1,622.9

3 ࠗࠬ࡜ࠛ࡞ 328.0 3 ࠬ࡯࠳ࡦ 759.0 3 ࡄࠠࠬ࠲ࡦ 1,196.8

4 ࡄ࡜ࠝ 132.0 4 ࠛ࠴ࠝࡇࠕ 608.6 4 ࡂࠗ࠴ 1,106.9

5 ࠗ࡜ࠢ 133.0 5 ࠦࡠࡦࡆࠕ 448.9 5 ࠛ࠴ࠝࡇࠕ 875.3

6 ࠛ࡞ࠨ࡞ࡃ࠼࡞ 115.0 6 ࠛࠫࡊ࠻ 401.8 6 ࠬ࡯࠳ࡦ 726.4

7 ࡈࠖ࡝ࡇࡦ 112.0 7 ࡛࡞࠳ࡦ 353.3 7 ⷏ࠟࠩ࿾ၞ 721.8

8 ࡛࡞࠳ࡦ 107.0 8 ࡄࠠࠬ࠲ࡦ 323.1 8 ࠤ࠾ࠕ 565.9

9 ධࠕࡈ࡝ࠞ౒๺࿖ 107.0 9 ࠙ࠟࡦ࠳ 228.8 9 ධࠕࡈ࡝ࠞ౒๺࿖ 529.5

10 ࡞ࡢࡦ࠳ 101.0 10 ࠮࡞ࡆࠕ 185.7 10 ࠲ࡦࠩ࠾ࠕ 457.4

(23)

᥊ߦߟ޿ߡએਅߢᢛℂࠍⴕߞߚߣߎࠈޔ✚ߓߡޔ☨࿖ߩេഥ᡽╷ߪ⧷࿖ߩࠃ߁ߥᬀ᳃࿾╬ ߩᱧผ⊛⢛᥊߇ᒝߊߥ޿ߚ߼ޔࠃࠅ࿖⋉ࠍ㊀ⷞߒߚᄖ੤ᚢ⇛ߩ৻ㇱߣߒߡេഥࠍⴕߞߡ޿ ࠆ௑ะ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆޕ

z ࠕࡈࠟ࠾ࠬ࠲ࡦ

2001ᐕએ೨ߪޔ☨࿖߆ࠄߩᡰេ߇߶ߣࠎߤឭଏߐࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ߇ޔ2001ᐕߩࠕࡈࠟ࠾ ࠬ࠲ࡦᚢ੎ߩᓇ㗀ߢޔ2002ᐕએ㒠េഥ㗵߇ᕆჇߒߚޕ࠮ࠢ࠲࡯೎ߢߪ⚻ᷣ࠮ࠢ࠲࡯ಽ㊁ߩ ᡰេ߇ᄙߊ㧔⚂4ഀ೨ᓟ㧕ޔᰴ޿ߢ᡽ᐭ㨯Ꮢ᳃␠ળ╬ߩࠟࡃ࠽ࡦࠬᡰេߦ߽ᡰេ߇ᄙߊ㈩ಽ ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕઁᣇޔ଻ஜ߿ⴡ↢ޔᢎ⢒ߣ޿ߞߚ␠ળ㐿⊒ಽ㊁ߩᡰេ߇߶ߣࠎߤታᣉߐࠇߡ ޿ߥ޿ߎߣ߽․╩ߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ

࿑⴫ ኻࠕࡈࠟ࠾ࠬ࠲ࡦេഥታ❣㗵ߩផ⒖㧔1965-2010ᐕ㧕㧔⚐ᡰ಴㗵ޔන૏㧦⊖ਁ࠼࡞㧕

㪇㪌㪇㪇㪈㪇㪇㪇㪈㪌㪇㪇㪉㪇㪇㪇㪉㪌㪇㪇㪊㪇㪇㪇

㪈㪐㪍㪌㪈㪐㪍㪎㪈㪐㪍㪐㪈㪐㪎㪈㪈㪐㪎㪊㪈㪐㪎㪌㪈㪐㪎㪎㪈㪐㪎㪐㪈㪐㪏㪈㪈㪐㪏㪊㪈㪐㪏㪌㪈㪐㪏㪎㪈㪐㪏㪐㪈㪐㪐㪈㪈㪐㪐㪊㪈㪐㪐㪌㪈㪐㪐㪎㪈㪐㪐㪐㪉㪇㪇㪈㪉㪇㪇㪊㪉㪇㪇㪌㪉㪇㪇㪎㪉㪇㪇㪐

⊖ਁ㪬

㪪

㪛

(24)

࿑⴫ ኻࠕࡈࠟ࠾ࠬ࠲ࡦಽ㊁೎េഥታ❣ߩഀวߩផ⒖㧔2005-10ᐕ㧕㧔⚐ᡰ಴㗵ޔන૏㧦㧑㧕

z ࠗ࡜ࠢ

(25)

࿑⴫ ኻࠗ࡜ࠢេഥታ❣㗵ߩផ⒖㧔1965-2010ᐕ㧕㧔⚐ᡰ಴㗵ޔන૏㧦⊖ਁ࠼࡞㧕

㪇㪉㪇㪇㪇㪋㪇㪇㪇㪍㪇㪇㪇㪏㪇㪇㪇㪈㪇㪇㪇㪇㪈㪉㪇㪇㪇

㪈

㪐㪍㪌

㪈

㪐㪍㪎

㪈

㪐㪍㪐

㪈

㪐㪎㪈

㪈

㪐㪎㪊

㪈

㪐㪎㪌

㪈

㪐㪎㪎

㪈

㪐㪎㪐

㪈

㪐㪏㪈

㪈

㪐㪏㪊

㪈

㪐㪏㪌

㪈

㪐㪏㪎

㪈

㪐㪏㪐

㪈

㪐㪐㪈

㪈

㪐㪐㪊

㪈

㪐㪐㪌

㪈

㪐㪐㪎

㪈

㪐㪐㪐

㪉

㪇㪇㪈

㪉

㪇㪇㪊

㪉

㪇㪇㪌

㪉

㪇㪇㪎

㪉

㪇㪇㪐

⊖ਁ㪬

㪪

㪛

⾗ᢱ㧕OECD/DAC࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬࠍၮߦMURC૞ᚑ

࿑⴫ ኻࠗ࡜ࠢಽ㊁೎េഥታ❣ߩഀวߩផ⒖㧔2005-10ᐕ㧕㧔⚐ᡰ಴㗵ޔන૏㧦㧑㧕

(26)

☨࿖ߩ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥో૕ߦ߅ߌࠆ࠮ࠢ࠲࡯೎េഥ㗵ߩផ⒖㧔1970ᐕ㨪2010ᐕ㧕ࠍ␜ߒߚ ߽ߩ߇ਅ⸥࿑⴫ߢ޽ࠆޕ1970ᐕߪ‛⾗ᡰេ࡮৻⥸ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓេഥ߇ਥߢ޽ߞߚ߇1980 ᐕ એ㒠ޔ␠ળࠗࡦࡈ࡜㧔․ߦ଻ஜߣᢎ⢒㧕߳ߩ಴⾗㗵߇Ⴧടߒߡ߅ࠅ2010ᐕߦߪ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េ ഥߩ⚂50㧑ࠍ␠ળࠗࡦࡈ࡜ߦ಴⾗ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ1980ᐕઍߪࡔࠠࠪࠦࠍਛᔃߣߒߚ࡜࠹ ࡦ☨࿖⻉࿖߿ࠕࡈ࡝ࠞ⻉࿖ߩௌോෂᯏࠍฃߌߡ1990ᐕߦௌോ఺㒰ߦଥࠆេഥ߇Ⴧടߒߚޕ 2000ᐕઍએ㒠ߪޔਛ᧲ߩࠗ࡜ࠢ߿ࠕࡈࠟ࠾ࠬ࠲ࡦࠍਥߥኻ⽎ߣߒߚੱ㆏⊛ᡰេ߳ߩ᜚಴߇ Ⴧടߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

࿑⴫ ࠮ࠢ࠲࡯೎េഥ㗵ߩផ⒖㧔1970-2010ᐕ㧕㧔න૏㧦⊖ਁ࠼࡞㧕

⾗ᢱ㧕OECD/DAC࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬࠃࠅMURC૞ᚑޕ

(27)

࿑⴫ ☨࿖េഥ㗵࠮ࠢ࠲࡯೎ౝ⸶㧔2010ᐕ㧕㧔⚐ᡰ಴㗵ޔන૏㧦㧑㧕

9.1% 2.0%

3.5% 4.4%

6.5% 7.1%

10.3%

16.8% 17.2%

17.8%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

䈠䈱ઁ ‛ຠᡰេ䊶 ৻⥸䊒䊨䉫䊤䊛 េഥ

ᢎ⢒ ଻ஜ 䊙䊦䉼䉶䉪䉺䊷䊶䉪䊨䉴䉦䉾䊁䉞䊮䉫 ↢↥䉶䉪䉺䊷 ⚻ᷣ䉟䊮䊐䊤ᢛ஻

ੱ㆏⊛េഥ ᡽ᐭ䊶 Ꮢ᳃␠ળ ੱญ䊶䊥䊒䊨䉻䉪䊁䉞䊑䊓䊦䉴

(28)

࿑⴫ ☨࿖េഥታ❣㗵࠮ࠢ࠲࡯೎ផ⒖㧔1993-2010ᐕ㧕㧔౏⚂㗵ޔන૏㧦⊖ਁ࠼࡞㧕

(29)

Ԛ㕖᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦࠃࠆᡰេ

☨࿖ߢߪ㕖᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦࠃࠆㅜ਄࿖ᡰេᵴേ߽⋓ࠎߢ޽ࠆޕਅ⸥࿑⴫ߪ2010ᐕߩ☨࿖ ߩㅜ਄࿖߳ߩ⚻ᷣ⊛㑐ਈࠍ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆޕߎࠇߦࠃࠆߣޔ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥ߇භ߼ࠆഀวߪࠊߕ ߆ 9㧑ߦߣߤ߹ࠅޔ᳃㑆ࡈࠖ࡜ࡦ࠰ࡠࡇ࡯㧔⽷࿅ޔડᬺޔ᳃㑆ࡏ࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖࠕ࿅૕ޔࡏ࡜ࡦ ࠹ࠖࠕᵴേޔᄢቇ࡮න⑼ᄢቇޔቬᢎ࿅૕㧕ߩㅜ਄࿖ะߌߩេഥ⾗㊄ߪ390ం࠼࡞㧔ో૕ߩ 12㧑㧕ޔ☨࿖߆ࠄߩㅜ਄࿖߳ߩㅍ㊄ߪ958ం࠼࡞㧔ห29㧑㧕ޔ☨࿖߆ࠄߩ᳃㑆⾗㊄ࡈࡠ࡯ߪ 1612ం࠼࡞㧔ห⚂49㧑㧕ߣޔ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩ㗵ࠍߪࠆ߆ߦ਄࿁ࠆ㗵߇ㅜ਄࿖߳ߩ㐿⊒දജ ⾗㊄ߣߒߡ㈩ಽߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆޕߎࠇߪޔ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥ߇߽ߪ߿ㅜ਄࿖ߦ߅ ߌࠆ⽺࿎೥ᷫ߿㐿⊒ߦ߅ߌࠆ໑৻ߩࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߢߪߥߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ

41

ޕ

࿑⴫ ☨࿖ߩODA࡮OOF࡮᳃㑆⾗㊄ࡈࡠ࡯ߩផ⒖㧔1990-2010ᐕ㧕㧔⚐ᡰ಴㗵ޔන૏㧦⊖ਁ࠼࡞㧕

㪇㪌㪇㪃㪇㪇㪇㪈㪇㪇㪃㪇㪇㪇㪈㪌㪇㪃㪇㪇㪇㪉㪇㪇㪃㪇㪇㪇㪉㪌㪇㪃㪇㪇㪇

㪈㪐㪐㪇㪈㪐㪐㪈

㪈㪐㪐㪉㪈㪐㪐㪊㪈㪐㪐㪋

㪈㪐㪐㪌㪈㪐㪐㪍

㪈㪐㪐㪎㪈㪐㪐㪏

㪈㪐㪐㪐㪉㪇㪇㪇㪉㪇㪇㪈

㪉㪇㪇㪉㪉㪇㪇㪊

㪉㪇㪇㪋㪉㪇㪇㪌

㪉㪇㪇㪍㪉㪇㪇㪎

㪉㪇㪇㪏

㪉㪇㪇㪐㪉㪇㪈㪇

⊖ਁ

㪬

㪪

㪛

㪦㪛㪘㪦㪦㪝 ᳃㑆⾗㊄

࿑⴫ ☨࿖ߩㅜ਄࿖߳ߩ⚻ᷣ⊛㑐ਈ

㊄㗵㧔න૏ం࠼࡞㧕 ഀว㧔න૏㧑㧕

☨࿖᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥ 304 9

☨࿖᳃㑆ࡈࠖ࡜ࡦ࠰ࡠࡇ࡯ 390 12

⽷࿅ 46 12

ડᬺ 76 19

᳃㑆࡮ࡏ࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖࠕ࿅૕ 140 36

ࡏ࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖࠕᵴേ 37 9

ᄢቇ࡮න⑼ᄢቇ 19 5

ቬᢎ࿅૕ 72 18

☨࿖ㅍ㊄ 958 29

☨࿖᳃㑆⾗ᧄࡈࡠ࡯ 1,612 49

ว⸘ 3,264 100

⾗ᢱ㧕Hudson Institute 㧔2012㧕

41

(30)

଀߃߫ޔ☨࿖ߩઍ⴫⊛ߥ࿖㓙දജ NGO ߢ޽ࠆࡆ࡞㧒ࡔ࡝ࡦ࠳࡮ࠥࠗ࠷⽷࿅ߪޔ⾗↥✚ 㗵ߪ356ం࠼࡞ޔ⡯ຬᢙ1,025ੱޔ⸳┙એ㒠ߩࠣ࡜ࡦ࠻ߩᡰ಴ታ❣⚥⸘㗵ߪ⚂234ం6000 ਁ࠼࡞ޔ2010ᐕ෸߮2011ᐕߩࠣ࡜ࡦ࠻ᡰ಴㗵ߪߘࠇߙࠇ26ం࠼࡞ޔ34ం࠼࡞㧔2010ᐕ㧕 ߣ

42

ޔ ߘ ߩ ᵴ േ ⷙ ᮨ ߪ ৻ ࿖ ߩ ᡽ ᐭ េ ഥ ᯏ 㑐 ࠍ ⿥ ߃ ࠆ ⷙ ᮨ ߦ ᜛ ᄢ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ޕ ߘ ߩ ઁ ߩ ☨ ࿖ NGO࡮⽷࿅ߩ1ᐕ㑆ߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻੍▚ߪਅ⸥࿑⴫ߩㅢࠅߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕ

࿑⴫ ฦ⽷࿅ߩᐕᐲ೎ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻੍▚㧔න૏㧦ం࠼࡞㧕

⽷࿅ฬ 2005 2006 2007 2008

ࡆ࡞㧒ࡔ࡝ࡦ࠳࡮ࠥࠗ࠷⽷࿅ 15.60 15.60 20.00 36.00

ࡈࠜ࡯࠼⽷࿅ 5.71 5.87 6.10 5.80

WKࠤࡠ࠶ࠣ⽷࿅ 2.49 4.03 4.32 2.64

࠺ࠖࡆ࠶࠼㧒࡞࡯ࠪ࡯࡮ࡄ࠶ࠞ࡯࠼⽷࿅ 2.00 - - 0.90

ࠧ࡯࠼ࡦ㧒ࡌ࠹ࠖ࡯࡮ࡓࠕ࡯⽷࿅ - 2.47 2.90 2.20

ࡠ࠶ࠢࡈࠚ࡜࡯⽷࿅ 1.55 1.94 1.68 1.83

⸘ 27.35 29.91 35.00 49.37

(31)

ਅ⸥࿑⴫ߪޔOECD࠼࠽࡯࿖ߩ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥޔࡈࠖ࡜ࡦ࠰ࡠࡇ࡯෸߮ㅍ㊄ߩ✚㗵ࠍ⴫ߒ ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ☨࿖ߪ1652ం࠼࡞ߣޔ╙2૏ߩ⧷࿖ߩ5୚એ਄ߩ㊄㗵ࠍ᜚಴ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

࿑⴫ 1 OECD࠼࠽࡯࿖ߩ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥޔࡈࠖ࡜ࡦ࠰ࡠࡇ࡯෸߮ㅍ㊄ߩ✚㗵

㧔න૏㧦චం࠼࡞㧕

⾗ᢱ㧕Hudson Institute㧔2012㧕

(32)

࿑⴫ OECD࠼࠽࡯࿖ߩ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥޔࡈࠖ࡜ࡦ࠰ࡠࡇ࡯෸߮ㅍ㊄ߩ✚㗵ߩኻGNIᲧ 㧔න૏㧦㧑㧕

⾗ᢱ㧕Hudson Institute㧔2012㧕

ԛᡰេᒻᘒ㧔ࠬࠠ࡯ࡓޔ࠲ࠗ࠼╬㧕

43

a㧕ࠬࠠ࡯ࡓ

USAIDߦࠃࠆᡰេߪޔ1960ᐕઍ෸߮1970ᐕઍߦߪޔ୫᱅ߦࠃࠆ⚻ᷣࠗࡦࡈ࡜ᡰេ߇ਛ

(33)

߼ߣߔࠆ࿖㓙ᯏ㑐ߩᵴേߩਛᔃࠍⲢ⾗߆ࠄࠣ࡜ࡦ࠻ߦࠪࡈ࠻ߔߴ߈ߣ޿߁ឭ᩺߇ߥߐࠇߚ ႎ๔ᦠ㧕

44

ߦઍ⴫ߐࠇࠆㅢࠅޔૐᚲᓧ࿖ߦኻߒߡߪࠣ࡜ࡦ࠻ଏਈ߇ㆡಾߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁⠨߃ ᣇ߇ਥᵹߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ

45

ޔ☨࿖߽ߘߩᵹࠇࠍ〯ⷅߔࠆ௑ะߦ޽ࠆޕ

1990ᐕઍᓟඨߩᒰᤨߩࠢ࡝ࡦ࠻ࡦ᡽ᮭਅߩ⽷ോ⋭ߪޔࠣ࡜ࡦ࠻ൻߩឭ⸒ߩᄙߊߦุቯ⊛ ߥ⷗⸃ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ߚ㧔ਛᚲᓧ࿖߳ߩⲢ⾗߿᳃㑆࠮ࠢ࠲࡯ᡰេߩ஗ᱛޔ࿾ၞ㐿⊒㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐߳ ߩᵴേ߿᜚಴㊄ߩࠪࡈ࠻ޔ㊄Ⲣෂᯏ߳ߩᓎഀߩ஗ᱛޔ਎㌁ߩⲢ⾗߆ࠄࠣ࡜ࡦ࠻ࡋߩォ឵ޔ ⋧ᚻᣇ੐ᬺ૕߳ߩ⋥ធ⊛ߥ⾗㊄ଏਈ㧕߇

46

ޔ2000ᐕએ㒠ߩࡉ࠶ࠪࡘ᡽ᮭߢߪޔᄢ߈ߊᣇะ ォ឵ߒޔ2001ᐕߩIDA13ᰴჇ⾗ߦ㓙ߒߡޔIDAߩࠣ࡜ࡦ࠻ㇱಽࠍ50㧑߹ߢ᜛ᄢߔࠆߎߣޔ ߹ߚޔᢎ⢒࡮଻ஜಽ㊁߳ߩᡰេࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆࠬ࠲ࡦࠬࠍ᣿⏕ߦ⴫᣿ߒߚޕ߹ߚޔ⽷ോ⋭߽IDA ߩࠣ࡜ࡦ࠻ㇱಽߩ᜛ᄢࠍⓍᭂ⊛ߦផㅴߒޔ૬ߖߡޔ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩஜోߥ᡽╷߳ߩࠦࡒ࠶࠻ࡔࡦ ࠻ޔࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞౏౒⽷ޔߣࠅࠊߌޔᢎ⢒߿଻ஜ╬୘ੱߩ↢↥ᕈ㧔productivity㧕ࠍ㜞߼ࠆࠃ ߁ߥಽ㊁߳ߩᡰេࠍᒝൻߔࠆ╬ߣ޿ߞߚࠬ࠲ࡦࠬࠍขࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ

47

ޕ

ࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭߦ߅޿ߡߪޔ೨ㅀߩㅢࠅ㐿⊒ޔᄖ੤ޔ࿖㒐ߩ3ᧄᩇࠍၮ␆ߦᡰេࠍታᣉߒߡ ޿ࠆ߇․ߦࠬࠠ࡯ࡓߦ㑐ߒߡߩ⼏⺰ߪߥߐࠇߡ߅ࠄߕޔ⃻⁁ߩࠣ࡜ࡦ࠻ਛᔃߩᡰេ߇⛯ߊ ߣߺࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ

b㧕࠲ࠗ࠼㨯ࠕࡦ࠲ࠗ࠼

☨࿖ߩ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߪޔੑ࿖㑆දജߩᲧ㊀߇㜞޿߇ޔ੐ᬺߩ⺞㆐᧦ઙߪ࠲ࠗ࠼߇ਥᵹߣ ߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕ⿅ਈߩޟ߽߭ઃ߈ޠ㧔࠲ࠗ࠼㧕߇৻⥸⊛ߥᒻᘒߢ޽ࠅޔ࿖ߩᄖ੤᡽╷ߦ࡝ࡦࠢ ߒߡᐔ๺᭴▽ޔ᳃ਥൻᓳ⥝෸߮ੱᮭᠩ⼔ࠍ᛼ߒㅴ߼ޔㄘ↥ຠߩ૛೾⺞ᢛ╬ߩ࿖⋉ࠍ߽⠨ᘦ ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇․ᓽ⊛ߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥ࠲ࠗ࠼េഥߪޔᤓ੹ߩ᰷Ꮊ⻉࿖ߩࠕࡦ࠲ࠗ࠼ൻ ߩᵹࠇߦ෻ߒߡ߅ࠅޔOECD/DACߩ⼏⺰ߩ႐ߢᜰ៰ߐࠇࠆ႐ว߽޽ࠆޕ

44

International Financial Institution Advisory Commission, International Financial Institutions Reform: Report of the International Financial Advisory Commission, US Congress, March 2000ޕหႎ๔ᦠߢߪޔ࿖㓙⾗ᧄᏒ႐߆ࠄ

୫౉߇ߢ߈ޔ৻ੱᒰߚࠅᚲᓧ߇4000࠼࡞ࠍ⿥߃ࠆ࿖ߟ޿ߡߪޔ࿖㓙ᯏ㑐ߩⲢ⾗ࠍ੹ᓟ5ᐕ㑆߆ߌߡ᠗ᑄ

ߒޔ25000࠼࡞એ਄ߩ࿖ߟ޿ߡߪᡰេ㗵ࠍ㒢ቯߔࠆߎߣޔߘߒߡᡰេߪ80㨪90߆࿖ߩ࿖㓙⾗ᧄᏒ႐߆ࠄ

ߩ୫౉߇࿎㔍ߥૐᚲᓧ࿖ߦ㓸ਛߐߖࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣឭ໒ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔⊕੗ᣧ↱㉿㧔2005㧕ޡࡑࠢࡠ㐿⊒⚻ᷣ

ቇޢ᦭᢫㑑㧕ޕ

45

࠙ࠜ࡞ࡈࠚࡦ࠰ࡦ਎㌁✚ⵙ߽2004ᐕIMF࡮਎⇇㌁ⴕ㧦ᤐᦼળว㧔4᦬24-25ᣣ㧕ᓟߩ⸥⠪ળ⷗ߢޟᦨ⽺

࿖ߦኻߒߡߪࡠ࡯ࡦࠃࠅࠣ࡜ࡦ࠻߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿ޠߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ㧔ᨋ ᵏผޔޡᦨᣂ㐿⊒េഥേะ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻No.12ޢޔ

FASID࿖㓙㐿⊒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧕ޕ

46

Ⓑ↰ච৻㧔2002㧕

(34)

Ԝេഥද⺞㨯េഥầᵹ߳ߩኻᔕ

☨࿖ߪޔࡄ࡝ት⸒ࠍߪߓ߼ߣߔࠆޟេഥലᨐะ਄ޠࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆ਎⇇⊛ߥេഥද⺞㨯េഥầ ᵹߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ৻ቯߩ〒㔌ࠍ⟎߈ޔ☨࿖⁛⥄ߩ᡽╷ޔᵴേࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆޕេഥല ᨐะ਄ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ᰷Ꮊဳߩ⽷᡽ᡰេဳ㧔Budget Support : BS㧕

48

ߩេഥߪታᣉߖߕޔࡊࡠ ࠫࠚࠢ࠻ဳߩᡰេ߇ᵴേߩᄢඨࠍභ߼ߡ޿ࠆޕ߹ߚޔࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ဳߩᡰេߩᄢඨ߇࠲ࠗ ࠼ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߽ޔOECD/DAC ߢߩࠕࡦ࠲ࠗ࠼ൻߩầᵹߣߪ৻✢ࠍ↹ߒޔ࿖㓙දജ㨯㐿⊒ද ജߢߪߥߊޔኻᄖេഥ㨯ᄖ੤ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇╙৻⋡⊛ߢ޽ࠅޔ࿖⋉ࠍㅊ᳞ߔࠆᆫ൓߇⴫ࠇߡ޿ ࠆޕ

ઁᣇߢޔࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞ࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߩࠃ߁ߥု⋥ࡈࠔࡦ࠼㧔ޟ਎⇇ߩⶄᢙߩ࿾ၞߦ߅޿ߡޔੱޘ ߦᕲᕺࠍ߽ߚࠄߔߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡᒻᚑߐࠇࠆࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊߣߘߩ㑐ㅪࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖ ࡉࠍᗧ๧ߒޔ․ቯߩ⺖㗴߿࠹࡯ࡑߦ⊛ࠍ⛉ߞߡᡰេࠍⴕߥ߁ޟု⋥⊛ޠߥᕈ⾰ࠍᜬߟ⚵❱ 㧔ၮ㊄㧕߇ㆇ༡ߔࠆၮ㊄ߩߎߣ

49

ޠߩᵴേߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ☨࿖ߪ․ߦ᳇୥ᄌേ߿࿖㓙଻ஜ╬ ߦߟ޿ߡࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉࠍ߽ߞߡᵴേࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆޕ

଀߃߫ޔ᳇୥ᄌേߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ࿾⃿ⅣႺࡈࠔࠪ࡝࠹ࠖ㧔Global Environment Facility㧦GEF㧕 ߦኻߒߡ߽ޔ☨࿖෸߮ᚒ߇࿖ߪᵴേ㐿ᆎᤨࠃࠅᄙߊߩ᜚಴㊄ࠍ⽶ᜂߒߡ޿ࠆޕGEFߪᯏ㑐 ߢߪߥߊޔ࿖㓙ᯏ㑐߇ද⺞ߒߥ߇ࠄ࿾⃿ⅣႺߩ଻ో㨯ᡷༀ߳ߩᡰេߩߚ߼ߩ⾗㊄ࠍᵴ↪ߔࠆ ࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ㐿⊒ㅜ਄࿖෸߮Ꮢ႐⚻ᷣ⒖ⴕ࿖߇࿾⃿ⷙᮨߩⅣႺ໧㗴ߦኻᔕߒߚᒻ ߢࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠍታᣉߔࠆ㓙ߦㅊട⊛ߦ⽶ᜂߔࠆ⾌↪

50

ߦኻߒߡޔේೣߣߒߡήఘ⾗㊄ࠍ ឭଏߔࠆߎߣޔ߹ߚޔ࿾⃿ⷙᮨߩⅣႺ໧㗴ࠍ㐿⊒ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦ⚵ߺ౉ࠇޔฦ⒳᧦⚂ߩ⋡ᮡࠍ ታ⃻ߔࠆߚ߼ߩࡈࠔࠪ࡝࠹࡯࠲࡯ߣߒߡߩᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿ࠆ

51

ޕ

߹ߚޔု⋥ࡈࠔࡦ࠼એᄖߢߪޔ2009ᐕ12᦬ߩCOP15ߦ߅ߌࠆࠦࡍࡦࡂ࡯ࠥࡦวᗧߦ߅ ޿ߡޔ2012ᐕ߹ߢߩ3ᐕ㑆ߦ300ం࠼࡞ߩᣂⷙ߆ߟㅊട⊛ߥవㅴ࿖߆ࠄߩ౏⊛ᡰេ⋡ᮡࠍޔ ☨࿖ߣᚒ߇࿖ߢ౒หߒߡⴕ߁ߎߣߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ

52

ޕ

ઁߦ߽☨࿖ߪ࿖㓙଻ஜಽ㊁ߦ․ߦᵈജߒߡ߅ࠅޔ2009ᐕߦUSAIDߣᚒ߇࿖ߪ଻ஜࠪࠬ ࠹ࡓᒝൻޔᲣሶ଻ஜޔኅᣖ⸘↹ޔᗵᨴ∝ޔᣂဳࠗࡦࡈ࡞ࠛࡦࠩኻ╷╬ߩಽ㊁ߢදജࠍផㅴ

48

㐿⊒ㅜ਄࿖ߣ࠼࠽࡯߇วᗧߒߚᚢ⇛ߦၮߠ߈ޔㅜ਄࿖᡽ᐭߩ੍▚ߦ⋥ធ⾗㊄ࠍឭଏߔࠆߣ޿߁េഥࠕࡊ

ࡠ࡯࠴ߩ৻ߟߢޔㄘᬺ߿ᢎ⢒ޔㆇャߥߤ․ቯߩ࠮ࠢ࠲࡯ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚޟ࠮ࠢ࠲࡯⽷᡽ᡰេޠߣ࠮ࠢ࠲࡯ࠍ

㒢ቯߒߥ޿ޟ৻⥸⽷᡽ᡰេޠߣߦᄢ೎ߐࠇࠆޕߎߩ⽷᡽ᡰេߣ޿߁ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߪޔ․ቯߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦ

ߪ࡝ࡦࠢߖߕޔฦ࠼࠽࡯ߩ㐿⊒⾗㊄ࠍ৻᜝ߒߡㅜ਄࿖ߩ᡽ᐭ੍▚ߣߒߡ▤ℂߔࠆߚ߼ޔࠝ࡯࠽࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ߿

ⴕ᡽⢻ജޔ੍᷹ᕈߩะ਄ޔขᒁ⾌↪ߩ೥ᷫߦߟߥ߇ࠆߥߤޔេഥലᨐࠍะ਄ߐߖࠆᣂߒ޿េഥࡕ࠳࡝࠹ࠖ

࡯ߣߒߡޔㄭᐕޔ⧷࿖߿ർ᰷⻉࿖ޔ਎⇇㌁ⴕޔEU㧔᰷Ꮊㅪว㧕ߥߤ߇․ߦᵴ↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔JICA࠙ࠛࡉࠨ

ࠗ࠻ࠃࠅ㧔http://jica-ri.jica.go.jp/ja/topic/jica-ri_focus_vol12.html㧕㧕ޕ 49

࿖߿࿾ၞࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚޟ᳓ᐔ⊛ޠߥᕈ⾰ࠍ߽ߟᡰេߣߪኻᾖ⊛ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕWorld Bank, International

(35)

ߔࠆߚ߼ޔޟᣣ☨଻ஜࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊޠࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦࡊ࡜ࡦ㧔2009-2010ᐕ㧕ߦวᗧߒߚࠅޔ 2010ᐕߦޔ2009ᐕߩ࡜ࠢࠗ࡜࡮ࠨࡒ࠶࠻ߩࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊߣߒߡޟࠨࡉ࡮ࠨࡂ࡜࡮ࠕࡈ࡝ ࠞߦ߅ߌࠆ଻ஜ⎇ⓥ⢻ജᒝൻߩߚ߼ߩࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊޠߦ㑐ߔࠆ࡜࠙ࡦ࠼࡮࠹࡯ࡉ࡞ࠍ 㐿௅ߒߚࠅߣⓍᭂ⊛ߥᵴേࠍዷ㐿ߒߡ޿ࠆ

53

ޕ

ߎߩࠃ߁ߦޔ☨࿖߆ࠄߩࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߳ߩ⾗㊄᜚಴ߪޔ2005ᐕߦߪ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េ ഥో૕ߩ3%ࠍභ߼ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅޔㄭᐕߢߪ☨࿖ߩޟᄢ⛔㗔ࠛࠗ࠭ᢇᷣ✕ᕆ⸘↹ޠ㧔PEPFAR: President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief㧕ߩࠃ߁ߥੑ࿖㑆ߩ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦ߽ ᵴ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ

54

ޕ

ԝ੐ᬺታᣉߩ㓙ߩࡠ࡯ࠞ࡞ࠦࠬ࠻ߩ⽶ᜂߦߟ޿ߡ

৻⥸⊛ߦޔࡠ࡯ࠞ࡞ࠦࠬ࠻ߣߪޔࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ታᣉߦᔅⷐߥ⾗㊄ߩ߁ߜޔ⃻࿾ߢ⺞㆐น ⢻ߥㇱಽ╬ߩ⃻࿾ㅢ⽻ᑪߡߩㇱಽ㧔଀߃߫ޔ⃻࿾Ꮏ੐ߩੱઙ⾌ޔ৻ㇱ⾗ᯏ᧚╬ߩ⾌↪㧕߿ޔ ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠍ⋧ᚻ࿖᡽ᐭߣߩදജߦࠃࠅታᣉߔࠆ႐วߦ߅޿ߡߪޔᧄ᧪ฃ౉࿖஥߇⽶ᜂ ߔߴ߈⚻⾌㧔ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠨࠗ࠻ߩᢛ஻⏕଻ޔ৻ㇱᣉ⸳ߩᑪ⸳ޔᣉ⸳⛽ᜬ▤ℂޔࡊࡠࠫࠚ ࠢ࠻ㆇ༡╬ߩ⚻⾌㧕ࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆޕᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅޿ߡߪޔࡠ࡯ࠞ࡞ࠦࠬ࠻ߩ⋧ᚻ࿖஥ߩ⽶ᜂߪޔ ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߿ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᜬ⛯ᕈߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ㊀ⷐߥࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߒߡᝒ߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ

☨࿖ߦ߅޿ߡߪޔUSAIDߢߩ౏ᑼᢥᦠߦࡠ࡯ࠞ࡞ࠦࠬ࠻ߦ㑐ߔࠆቯ⟵߿ⷙቯߥߤߪሽ࿷ ߒߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕṚᴛ㧔1995㧕ߦࠃࠆߣޔ߆ߟߡߩ USAID ߢߪޔฃ౉࿖ߦࠃࠆ⺞㆐ ታᣉ⢻ജ㧔౏␜ޔ੤ᷤޔᛚ⹺ޔ⋙ℂޔᡰᛄ޿ᣇᴺޔ⋙ᩏޔળ⸘ႎ๔╬㧕߇චಽߣߺߥߒߚ ႐วߦߪޔฃ౉࿖ߦࠃࠆ⺞㆐ࠍ⹺߼⃻࿾⺞㆐ᄾ⚂ߩᮭ㒢ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ߚߣߐࠇࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔ ታ㓙ߦߪฃ౉࿖஥ߩ⢻ജߩਇ⿷߿ࡠ࡯ࠞ࡞ࠦࠬ࠻⽶ᜂߩṛࠅߣ޿ߚ໧㗴߆ࠄ USAID ߪㄭ ᐕޔฃ౉࿖ߦࠃࠆ⺞㆐ታᣉࠍㆱߌߡ޿ࠆߣߐࠇࠆ

55

ޕㄭᐕߩ☨࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᩺ઙߩ੐ᓟ⹏ଔ ႎ๔ᦠߦ߽ޔDAC5 㗄⋡ߩᜬ⛯ᕈߩⷰὐ߆ࠄࡠ࡯ࠞ࡞ࠦࠬ࠻ޔ߹ߚߪࠦࠬ࠻ࠪࠚࠕ࡝ࡦࠣ ߩ⸥タ߇ߥߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇߶ߣࠎߤߥ޿ߚ߼ޔ☨࿖ߩ㐿⊒េഥ੐ᬺߩታᣉߦ߅޿ߡߪޔฃ౉ ࿖஥ߦࡠ࡯ࠞ࡞ࠦࠬ࠻⽶ᜂࠍ᳞߼ࠆࠤ࡯ࠬߪ߹ࠇߢ޽ࠆߣផ᷹ߐࠇࠆޕ

2 㧚⧷࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩ᭎ⷐߣ․ᓽ

㧔

1 㧕᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦଥࠆᴺ⊛ᨒ⚵ߺ

⧷࿖ߦࠃࠆ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩᱧผߪ㐳ߊޔේဳߪޔ1920ᐕઍߩᬀ᳃࿾ൻߦ⟎߆ࠇߚ࿖ޘ߳

53 ห਄ޕ 54

PEPFAR࠙ࠛࡉࠨࠗ࠻㧔www.pepfar.gov㧕ࠃࠅޕ PEPFARߪޔ2003ᐕࡉ࠶ࠪࡘᄢ⛔㗔ᤨઍߦ⊒઎ߐࠇ

ߚ⸘↹ߢޔ╙1ᦼ㧔5ᐕ㑆㧕ߢ✚㗵150ం࠼࡞ߩ⾗㊄߇ᛩ౉ߐࠇޔ਎⇇15߆࿖㧔ࠕࡈ࡝ࠞ12߆࿖㧕ߩᡰ

េኻ⽎࿖ߢߪࠛࠗ࠭ᱫ੢⠪߇10㧑ᷫዋߒߚޕߚߛߒޔPEPFARߩ⾗㊄ߩᄙߊ߇᛫࡟࠻ࡠ࠙ࠗ࡞ࠬ⮎ߩ⾼౉㨯

᥉෸ߦᒰߡࠄࠇߚߚ߼ޔHIV࠙ࠗ࡞ࠬߩᗵᨴ⠪ᢙߘߩ߽ߩࠍᷫዋߐߖࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚߣߩᛕ್߽޽

ࠆޕ 55

Ṛᴛਃ㇢㧔1995㧕ޟࠛࡦࡄࡢ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻࡮ࠕࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࡆ࡝࠹ࠖ࡮ࠠࡖࡄࠪ࠹ࠖí㐿⊒េഥߩಽᨆߩ߭ߣߟ

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ߩᡰេߣߒߡᆎ߼ࠄࠇߚߎߣߦ޽ࠆ

56

ޕ1920ᐕઍ߹ߢޔᬀ᳃࿾ߪޔ⧷࿖᡽ᐭߦ⽷᡽࡮⚻ᷣ ⊛ߥេഥࠍᦼᓙߒߡߪߥࠄߕޔᐕߦ৻ᐲ࿖ળߦࠃߞߡ⼏⺰ߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߩޔၮᧄ⊛ߦߪ㒢ࠄ ࠇߚ৻ᤨ⊛ߥ✕ᕆᡰេߩߺߢ޽ߞߚޕߒ߆ߒޔ1929ᐕޔᬀ᳃࿾㐿⊒ᴺ㧔Colonial Development Act㧕

57

ߩᚑ┙ߦࠃߞߡೋ߼ߡޔ⧷࿖᡽ᐭ߇ᬀ᳃࿾ߦኻߒߡޔ⽷᡽ᡰេࠍⴕ߁⽿છ߇޽ࠆߎ ߣࠍޔᴺ⊛ߦ␜ߒߚޕหᴺߪਥߦޔ↥ᬺߣ⾏ᤃߦࠃߞߡޔ⧷࿖ౝߩᄬᬺ₸ࠍᷫࠄߔߎߣࠍ ᗧ࿑ߒߡ޿ߚޕߎߩᴺᓞߦࠃࠅޔᬀ᳃࿾㐿⊒ၮ㊄㧔Colonial Development Fund㧕߇⸳┙ߐࠇޔ ᬀ᳃࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆㄘᬺ߿↥ᬺࠍᡰេߒޔߘࠇߦࠃߞߡ⧷࿖ౝߩ໡ᬺ߿↥ᬺࠍᵴᕈൻߐߖࠆߎ ߣ߇⋡⊛ߣߐࠇߚޕၮ㊄ߪޔᬀ᳃࿾᡽ᐭ߇⸳⟎ߒߚࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻╬߇ክᩏߐࠇߚᓟޔᬀ᳃ ࿾㐿⊒㘈໧ᆔຬળ㧔Colonial Development Advisory Committee㧕ߦࠃߞߡ㈩ಽߐࠇߚޕߒ߆ ߒޔหᴺߪޔ⧷࿖ߦߣߞߡ೑⋉ߩߥ޿␠ળ੐ᬺ߿ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠍ⸵นߒߥ޿௑ะߦ޽ߞߚޕ ⚿ᨐ⊛ߦޔ1935 ᐕ߆ࠄ 1938ᐕߩ㑆ߦޔᬀ᳃࿾ޔ․ߦ࠻࡝࠾࠳࡯࠼ޔࡃ࡞ࡃ࠼ࠬޔࠫࡖࡑ ࠗࠞߦ߅޿ߡޔૐ⾓㊄ޔ㜞޿ᄬᬺ₸ޔዬ૑෸߮ⴡ↢⁁ᘒߩᖡൻ╬ߦࠃࠅޔ␠ળ⊛ߦᷙੂ߇ ⿠߈ߚޕ1940ᐕߦߪޔ1940ᐕᬀ᳃࿾㐿⊒෸߮⑔␩ᴺ㧔Colonial Development and Welfare Act 1940㧕߇೙ቯߐࠇޔၮ㊄ߩᡰេ㗵ߪჇ߿ߐࠇޔᬀ᳃࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆ⑔␩߽ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆߎߣ߇ޔ ᬀ᳃࿾㐿⊒ߩ⋡⊛ߦട߃ࠄࠇߚ

58

ޕ

ᚢᓟߩഭ௛ౄ᡽ᮭߪޔ⧷࿖᡽ᐭߪᬀ᳃࿾ߩ㐿⊒ࠍᡰេߔࠆ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᜬߟߣߩ⠨߃ࠍ ␜ߒߚޕ1945ᐕߦߪޔ೨ㅀߩੑߟߩᴺߦᦧࠊࠆޔ1945ᐕᬀ᳃࿾㐿⊒෸߮⑔␩ᴺ㧔Colonial Development and Welfare Act 1945㧕߇೙ቯߐࠇޔេഥ㗵߽୚એ਄ߦჇ߿ߐࠇߚޕᬀ᳃࿾ฦ࿖ ߪޔ10ᐕߩ࿖ኅ⸘↹ࠍ┙ߡࠆߎߣࠍᜰ␜ߐࠇޔ⸘↹ታⴕߦ⧷࿖᡽ᐭߩ᡽ᴦ⊛࿶ജ߇߆߆ࠆ ߎߣࠍㆱߌࠆࠃ߁ᵈᗧ߇ᛄࠊࠇߚޕߎࠇߦࠃࠅޔ⧷࿖ߢೋ߼ߡޔ࠼࠽࡯ߩ೑⋉ߣ㑐ଥߥߊ េഥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߇ㆀⴕߐࠇࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߇⏕┙ߐࠇߚޕ

1964 ᐕ ߦ ߪ ޔ ೋ ߼ ߡ ⛔ ৻ ߐ ࠇ ߚ េ ഥ ᯏ 㑐 ߣ ߒ ߡ ޔ ᶏ ᄖ 㐿 ⊒ ⋭ 㧔Ministry of Overseas Development: ODM㧕߇⸳┙ߐࠇߚޕ⠉1965ᐕߦߪࡎࡢࠗ࠻ࡍ࡯ࡄ࡯㧔ޡᶏᄖ㐿⊒㧦ᣂ⸳⋭ ߩᓎഀޢ㧕ߩਛߢޔODM ߩ⋡⊛߇ޔޟ⽺ߒ޿࿖ߩ⚻ᷣ㐿⊒ࠍഥߌࠆ᡽╷ߩᒻᚑߣታᣉޠߢ ޽ࠆߎߣ߇᣿␜ߐࠇޔ1966ᐕߦߪޔᶏᄖេഥᴺ㧔Overseas Development Act㧕ߦߡᴺ⊛ߦ⏕ ┙ ߐ ࠇ ߚ

59

ޕ1980 ᐕ ߦ ೙ ቯ ߐ ࠇ ߚ ޔ ᶏ ᄖ 㐿 ⊒ ෸ ߮ ද ജ ᴺ 㧔Overseas Development and Cooperation Act 1980㧕ߢߪޔ᡽ᐭ߇ᄙ᭽ߥ⋡⊛ߩߚ߼ߦេഥ⾗㊄ࠍ૶߁ᐢ▸࿐ߥᮭജࠍ⹺ ߼ߡ޿ࠆ

60

ޕ

2002ᐕߦߪޔេഥߩᩮ᜚ᴺߢ޽ࠆޔ࿖㓙㐿⊒ᴺ㧔International Development Act㧕߇ޔᶏ ᄖ㐿⊒෸߮දജᴺߦᦧࠊߞߡޔ೙ቯߐࠇߚޕหᴺߪޔ1997 ᐕߩ࿖㓙㐿⊒⊕ᦠࠍၮ␆ߣߒޔ ޟ⽺࿎೥ᷫޠࠍេഥߩ╙৻⋡⊛ߣߔࠆߎߣޔߘࠇࠍᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ㐿⊒ߩផㅴߣੱ㑆ߩ⑔␩ߩ

56_JBIC

(37)

ะ ਄ ߦ ࠃ ࠅ ታ ⃻ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ᣿ ⸥ ߐ ࠇ ߚ ޕ ߹ ߚ ޔ ࿖ 㓙㐿 ⊒ ⋭ 㧔Department of International

Development㧦DFID㧕ߩᬺോ߇⽺࿎೥ᷫߩ⋡⊛એᄖߦ૶↪ߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍ㒐ߋߎߣ߿ޔ࠲ࠗ

࠼េഥߩଏਈߩ⑌ᱛߦޔᴺ⊛ᩮ᜚߇ઃਈߐࠇߚᒻߣߥߞߚ

61

ޕ

߹ߚޔ2006ᐕߦߪޔ࿖㓙㐿⊒㧔ႎ๔࡮ㅘ᣿ᕈ㧕ᴺ㧔International Development 㧔Report and Transparency㧕Act㧕߇೙ቯߐࠇߚޕߎࠇߪޔDFID߇ᐕߦ৻ᐲޔ࿖㓙េഥߩ✚ᡰ಴ߣ੍▚ߩ ౝ⸶ߦߟ޿ߡ⼏ળႎ๔ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⟵ോઃߌߡ޿ࠆޕ․ߦޔ᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߩᡰ಴ࠍ࿖᳃✚ᚲ ᓧߩ0.7㧑ߦߔࠆߎߣޔႎ๔ߦ߅޿ߡߪޔૐᚲᓧ࿖೎ߩᡰ಴㗵ߩഀวޔេഥᡰ಴ߩല₸ᕈޔ ࿖㓙េഥߩㅘ᣿ᕈ╬ߩ⺑᣿ࠍ฽߼ࠆߎߣࠍቯ߼ߡ޿ࠆޕߎࠇߦࠃࠅޔ࿖ౝᄖ߳ߩ⺑᣿⽿છ ࠍᨐߚߔߎߣ߇৻ጀᒝൻߐࠇߚ

62

ޕ

㧔

2 㧕᡽ᐭ㐿⊒េഥߦଥࠆ᡽╷

1950㨪60ᐕઍߩ⧷࿖ᬀ᳃࿾ߩ⁛┙߿1961ᐕߩOECDߩDAC⸳┙ߦ઻޿ޔ⧷࿖߽ᄖോ ⋭ౝߦᛛⴚදജ⺖ࠍ⸳⟎ߒߚޕ1964ᐕߦߪޔᛛⴚቭᐡߩᛛⴚදജㇱ㐷ߣޔᄖോ⋭ߩេഥᜂ ᒰㇱ㐷ࠍ⛔วߒޔᶏᄖ㐿⊒⋭㧔Ministry of Development㧕ࠍ⸳┙ߒߚޕ1970ᐕࡅ࡯ࠬഭ௛ౄ ᡽ᮭߪޔኻᄖេഥߩᚲ▤ࠍޔห⋭߆ࠄᄖോ⋭ߩ৻ㇱߢ޽ࠆᶏᄖ㐿⊒ᐡ㧔Overseas Development

Administration㧕߳⒖േߒߚޕߘߩᓟߪޔ଻቞ౄ᡽ᮭਅߢߪ㐿⊒េഥࠍᄖ੤᡽╷ߩ৻Ⅳߣߒ

ߡޔ߹ߚഭ௛ౄ᡽ᮭਅߢߪᄖ੤᡽╷߆ࠄߩ⁛┙ߣ޿߁ޔេഥᯏ㑐ߩᄖോ⋭஺ਅ߳ߩ⚵౉ࠇ ߣ⁛┙߇➅ࠅ㄰ߐࠇߚ

63

ޕ

1997ᐕ5᦬ߦഭ௛ౄߩࡉ࡟ࠕ᡽ᮭ߇⺀↢ߒޔౣ߮េഥᯏ㑐߇ޔ⁛┙ᯏ㑐ߣߒߡߩ࿖㓙㐿 ⊒⋭㧔Department of International Development㧦DFID㧕ߣߒߡ⸳┙ߐࠇߚޕ2010ᐕߦ଻቞ౄ࡮ ⥄↱᳃ਥౄߩㅪ┙᡽ᮭᚑ┙ᓟ߽ᑄᱛߐࠇࠆߎߣߪߥߊޔ⃻࿷ߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢޔੑ࿖㑆េഥ෸߮ ᄙ࿖㑆េഥࠍ൮฽ߔࠆ⧷࿖ߩኻᄖេഥ᡽╷ߩ┙᩺࡮᳿ቯ෸߮ታᣉࠍᜂᒰߒߡ޿ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ DFID⸳┙ߣหᐕߦޔ࿖㓙㐿⊒⊕ᦠ’Eliminating World Poverty: A Challenge for the 21

st

Century’

ߩਛߢޔਥߥએਅ4ߟߩὐ߇␜ߐࠇޔએᓟߩ⧷࿖ߩេഥߦᄢ߈ߥᄌ㕟ࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚޕ (i) ൮᜝⊛ߥ⧷࿖ߩ㐿⊒េഥ⋡ᮡߣߒߡ⽺࿎೥ᷫ

េഥߩၮᧄ⋡⊛߇⽺࿎೥ᷫߦ⛉ࠄࠇޔઁߩ⋡ᮡߪ⋥ធ࡮㑆ធ⊛ߦߘߩ⋡ᮡߦ⽸₂ߔࠆ ߽ߩߣ૏⟎ઃߌࠄࠇߚޕ߹ߚޔ⽺࿎೥ᷫߦᴪࠊߥ޿⋡⊛ߪޔេഥౝኈ߆ࠄឃ㒰ߐࠇࠆߎ ߣߣߥߞߚޕ

(ii) ࠕࡦ࠲ࠗ࠼ൻ

េ ഥ ⋡ ᮡ ߇ ⽺ ࿎ ೥ ᷫ ߦ ⛉ ࠄ ࠇ ߚ ߎ ߣ ߦ ࠃ ࠅ ޔ ࠲ ࠗ ࠼ ߩ ή ఘ ⾗㊄ ද ജ ࠬ ࠠ ࡯ ࡓ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ATP㧔Aid and Trade Provision㧕߇ᑄᱛߐࠇࠆߥߤޔេഥߩ⺞㆐ࠍ⧷࿖ડᬺߦ㒢ቯߔࠆ࠲ࠗ ࠼េഥ߇෩ߒߊขࠅ✦߹ࠄࠇߚޕ

61

㘵ፉ⡨ઁ㧔2004㧕

62

The National Archives㧔2006㧕International Development 㧔Reporting and Transparency㧕 Act 2006,

㧔http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/31/contents

㧕

63

(38)

(iii)᡽╷৻⽾ᕈ

⽺࿎೥ᷫߣ޿߁⋡ᮡࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߦޔេഥߩߺߥࠄߕޔ㐿⊒ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆઁߩ᡽╷ࠍ ฽߻᡽╷૕♽ో૕ߦ৻⽾ᕈࠍᜬߚߖࠆߴ߈ߛߣߐࠇޔޟⅣႺޠޔޟ⾏ᤃ࡮ㄘᬺ࡮ᛩ⾗ޠޔޟ᡽ ᴦ⊛቟ቯߣ␠ળ⊛⛔৻ߩଦㅴ࡮⚗੎߳ߩലᨐ⊛ኻᔕޠޔޟ⚻ᷣ␠ળߩ቟ቯޠߩ 4ಽ㊁

64

ߢޔ ⽺࿎ጀߩ೑⋉ࠍ⠨߃ߚ᡽╷ࠍㅴ߼ߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇⋡ᜰߐࠇߚޕ

(iv)ࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ᭴▽ߩ㊀ⷐᕈ

េഥ࿖ߢ޽ࠆ⧷࿖ߣⵍេഥ࿖㑆෸߮⧷࿖࿖ౝߩ㑐ଥᯏ㑐㑆ߩਔࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ߇ޔ ৻⽾ᕈߩ޽ࠆេഥታ⃻ߦ㊀ⷐߣᒝ⺞ߐࠇߚ

65

ޕ

߹ߚޔߎߩਛߢ⧷࿖᡽ᐭߪޔ࿖㓙㐿⊒⋡ᮡ㧔International Development Targets: IDTs㧕ߩ㆐ ᚑߦὶὐࠍᒰߡࠆߎߣࠍ⴫᣿ߒߡ޿ࠆޕIDTsߪޔ1996ᐕߩOECDߦࠃࠆޡ21਎♿ߩഃㅧ㧦㐿⊒දജߩ⽸₂㧔Shaping the 21

st

Century: The Contribution of Development Cooperation㧕ޢߩ ਛߢ߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇߚ߽ߩߢޔએਅޔ6㗄⋡߇᜼ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ

66

ޕ z 2015ᐕ߹ߢߦᭂᐲߥ⽺࿎⁁ᘒߦ޽ࠆੱญࠍඨᷫߐߖࠆޕ z 2015ᐕ߹ߢߦ਎⇇ਛߩೋ╬ᢎ⢒ߩ᥉෸ࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆޕ

z 2015ᐕ߹ߢߦೋ╬࡮ਛ╬ᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆࠫࠚࡦ࠳࡯ᩰᏅࠍߥߊߔޕ

z 2015ᐕ߹ߢߦ5ᱦએਅߩ੃ᐜఽᱫ੢₸ࠍ3ಽߩ2ߦޔ↥ᇚᱫ੢₸ࠍ4ಽߩ3ߦᷫዋ

ߐߖࠆޕ

z 2015ᐕ߹ߢߩߢ߈ࠆߛߌᣧ޿Ბ㓏ߢޔㆡಾߥᐕ㦂ߩోߡߩ୘ੱߦޔၮ␆଻ஜࠪࠬ࠹

ࡓࠍㅢߓߚ࡝ࡊࡠ࠳ࠢ࠹ࠖࡉ࡮ࡋ࡞ࠬ࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ߳ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆޕ z 2005ᐕ߹ߢߦోߡߩ࿖ߢᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ㐿⊒ߦะߌߚ࿖ኅᚢ⇛ࠍታᣉߒޔ2015ᐕ߹ߢߦ

ⅣႺ⾗Ḯߩᰳਲߣ޿߁⃻࿷ߩ௑ะࠍޔࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞ޔ࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ߩਔ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߅޿ߡ ㅒォߐߖࠆޕ

IDTs߳ߩࠦࡒ࠶࠻ࡔࡦ࠻ߩ⴫᣿ߪޔ౏⊛࠮ࠢ࠲࡯ߩ⚻༡ല₸ൻߦะߌߚ᡽╷⹏ଔߩᵹࠇ ߢ޽ࠅޔDFIDߩᚑᨐߪIDTsߩ㆐ᚑߣ޿߁ၮḰߦᴪߞߡࡕ࠾࠲࡝ࡦࠣߐࠇࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚޕ IDTs ࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߎߣࠍᄢ⋡ᮡߣߒޔౕ૕⊛ߥ᡽╷⋡ᮡࠍ␜ߒߚߩ߇ޔ⋡ᮡᚢ⇛ࡍ࡯ࡄ࡯ 㧔Target Strategy Papers: TSP㧕ޔᯏ㑐ᚢ⇛ࡍ࡯ࡄ࡯㧔Institutional Strategy Papers: ISP㧕ޔ࿖೎ ᚢ⇛ࡍ࡯ࡄ࡯㧔Country Strategy Papers: CSP㧕ߩ3ߟߩ᡽╷ࡍ࡯ࡄ࡯ߢ޽ࠆ

67

ޕ

⋡ᮡᚢ⇛ࡍ࡯ࡄ࡯ߪޔࡒ࡟࠾ࠕࡓ㐿⊒⋡ᮡ㧔Millennium Development Goals: MDGs㧕ࠍ㆐ ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߦขࠅ⚵߻ߴ߈㊀ⷐ⺖㗴ࠍ⸳ቯߒߚᚢ⇛ᢥᦠߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩᚢ⇛ᢥᦠߪޔDFID ߇⋡ᮡߦߤ߁⽸₂ߔࠆ߆ߣ౒ߦޔ࿖㓙␠ળޔㅜ਄࿖᡽ᐭޔᏒ᳃␠ળ߿᳃㑆࠮ࠢ࠲࡯╬߇ޔ