已頒佈但尚未生效的國際財務報 告準則 （續）

本集團預期應用的國際財務報告準則進一步 資料如下。採納後的實際影響可能與下文所 載者不同，取決於本集團應用該等準則時所 得的額外合理及輔助資料。

國際會計準則理事會於二零一六年六月頒 佈的國際會計準則第2號的修訂闡述三大範 疇：歸屬條件對計量以現金結算以股份為基 礎付款交易的影響；為僱員履行與以股份為 基礎付款的稅務責任而預扣若干金額的以股 份為基礎付款交易（附有淨額結算特質）的 分類；以及對以股份為基礎付款交易的條款 及條件作令其分類由現金結算變為權益結算 的修訂時的會計處理方法。修訂釐清計量以 權益結算以股份為基礎付款時歸屬條件的入 賬方法亦適用於以現金結算以股份為基礎付 款。修訂引入一個例外情況，倘符合若干條 件，為僱員履行與以股份為基礎付款的稅務 責任而預扣若干金額的以股份為基礎付款交 易（附有淨額結算特質），將整項分類為以股 本結算以股份為基礎付款交易。此外，該等 修訂明確說明，倘以現金結算以股份為基礎 付款交易的條款及條件有所修訂，令其成為 以權益結算以股份為基礎付款交易，該交易 自修訂日期起作為以權益結算的交易入賬。

採納該等修訂時，實體無須重列過往期間，

惟選擇採用全部三項修訂並符合其他標準 時，實體可採用追溯調整法。本集團將自二 零一八年一月一日起採納該等修訂。該等修 訂預期不會對本集團財務報表產生任何重大 影響。

2.3 ISSUED BUT NOT YET EFFECTIVE

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS

Further information about those IFRSs that are expected to be applicable to the Group is described below. The actual impacts upon adoption could be different to those below, depending on additional reasonable and supportable information being made available to the Group at the time of applying the standards.

The IASB issued amendments to IFRS 2 in June 2016 that address three main areas: the effects of vesting conditions on the measurement of a cash-settled share-based payment transaction; the classification of a share-based payment transaction with net settlement features for withholding a certain amount in order to meet an employee’s tax obligation associated with the share-based payment; and the accounting where a modification to the terms and conditions of a share-based payment transaction changes its classification from cash-settled to equity-settled. The amendments clarify that the approach used to account for vesting conditions when measuring equity-settled share-based payments also applies to cash-settled share-based payments. The amendments introduce an exception so that a share-based payment transaction with net share settlement features for withholding a certain amount in order to meet the employee’s tax obligation is classified in its entirety as an equity-settled share-based payment transaction when certain conditions are met. Furthermore, the amendments clarify that if the terms and conditions of a cash-settled share-based payment transaction are modified, with the result that it becomes an equity-settled share-based payment transaction, the transaction is accounted for as an equity-settled transaction from the date of the modification. On adoption, entities are required to apply the amendments without restating prior periods, but retrospective application is permitted if they elect to adopt for all three amendments and other criteria are met.

The Group will adopt the amendments from 1 January 2018.

The amendments are not expected to have any significant impact on the Group’s financial statements.

Annual Report 2017 二零一七年年報 129

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2.3 ISSUED BUT NOT YET EFFECTIVE

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS

In July 2014, the IASB issued the final version of IFRS 9 (the “IFRS 9 (2014)”), bringing together all phases of the financial instruments project to replace IAS 39 and all previous versions of IFRS 9. The standard introduces new requirements for classification and measurement, impairment and hedge accounting. The Group has early adopted IFRS 9 (2009) and IFRS 9 (2013) on 1 January 2014 and 1 July 2014, respectively, while the Group expects to adopt the full text of IFRS 9 (2014) from 1 January 2018. During 2017,the Group has performed a detailed assessment of the impact of the adoption of IFRS 9 (2014). The expect impact relates to the impairment requirement and is summarised as follows:

IFRS 9 requires an impairment on debt instruments recorded at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, lease receivables, loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts that are not accounted for at fair value through profit or loss under IFRS 9, to be recorded based on an expected credit loss model either on a twelve-month basis or a lifetime basis. The Group will apply the simplified approach and record lifetime expected losses that are estimated based on the present values of all cash shortfalls over the remaining life of all of its trade receivables.

Furthermore, the Group will apply the general approach and record twelve-month expected credit losses that are estimated based on the possible default events on its other receivables within the next twelve months. The standard are not expected to have any significant impact on the Group’s financial statements.

2.3 已頒佈但尚未生效的國際財務報 告準則

於二零一四年七月，國際會計準則委員會頒 佈國際財務報告準則第9號的最終版本（「國 際財務報告準則第9號（二零一四年）」），將 金融工具項目的所有階段結集以取代國際會 計準則第39號及國際財務報告準則第9號的 全部先前版本。該準則引入分類及計量、減 值及對沖會計處理的新規定。早前，本集團 分別於二零一四年一月一日及二零一四年七 月一日採納國際財務報告準則第9號（二零 零九年）及國際財務報告準則9號（二零一三 年），而本集團預期自二零一八年一月一日 起採納國際財務報告準則第9號（二零一四 年）全文。於二零一七年，本集團已對採納 國際財務報告準則第9號（二零一四年）的影 響進行詳細評估。預期影響與減值規定有關 並概述如下：

國際財務報告準則第9號規定以攤銷成本或 公允值計入其他全面收益的債務工具、租賃 應收款項、貸款承擔及根據國際財務報告準 則第9號無須按公允值計入損益的財務擔保 合約的減值，應基於十二個月或整個存續期 基準按預期信貸虧損模式計入。本集團將運 用簡化方法，並計入基於所有貿易應收款項 於剩餘年期所有現金短缺的現值估計的整個 存續期預期損失。此外，本集團將採用一般 方法，並計入根據其他應收款項於未來十二 個月內可能發生的違約事件估計的十二個月 預期信貸虧損。該標準預期將不會對本集團 的財務報表造成重大影響。

130 China Mengniu Dairy Company Limited 中國蒙牛乳業有限公司

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2.3 已頒佈但尚未生效的國際財務報 告準則

國際財務報告準則第10號及國際會計準則第 28號的修訂闡述國際財務報告準則第10號及 國際會計準則第28號之間有關投資者與其聯 營公司或合營企業之間的資產出售或注資兩 者規定不一致。修訂規定，倘投資者與其聯 營公司或合營企業之間的資產出售或注資構 成一項業務時，則須確認全數收益或虧損。

倘交易涉及不構成一項業務的資產時，由該 交易產生的收益或虧損於該投資者的損益內 確認，惟僅以不相關投資者於該聯營公司或 合營企業的權益為限。該等修訂獲提前應 用。國際會計準則理事會於二零一五年十二 月撤銷國際財務報告準則第10號及國際會計 準則第28號早前的強制生效日期，而新強制 生效日期將於完成對聯營公司及合營企業的 更多會計審閱後釐定。然而，修訂現時可供 採納。

於二零一四年五月頒佈並於二零一六年四月 修訂的國際財務報告準則第15號建立全新五 步模型以對客戶合約收益進行入賬。根據國 際財務報告準則第15號，收益確認的金額反 映實體預期向客戶轉讓貨品或服務而有權換 取的代價。國際財務報告準則第15號提供更 有系統地計量及確認收入的方法。準則亦引 入大量定性及定量披露規定，包括劃分總收 入、有關履行責任的資料、各期間之間的合 約資產及負債賬目結餘變動，以及主要判斷 及估計。該準則將取代國際財務報告準則項 下所有現有收入確認規定。在首次應用該準 則時可選擇完全追溯調整法或經修訂的追溯 調整法。於二零一六年四月，國際會計準則 理事會頒佈國際財務報告準則第15號的修 訂，以引入識別表現責任、委託人與代理的 應用指引、知識產權許可及過渡安排的實施 問題。修訂亦旨在協助確保於實體採納國際 財務報告準則第15號時應用一致，並降低應 用準則的成本及複雜程度。本集團將自二零 一八年一月一日起採納國際財務報告準則第 15號。本集團計劃採納國際財務報告準則第 15號中將首次採納的累積影響作為調整於二 零一八年一月一日的保留利潤期初結餘的過 渡條款。此外，本集團計劃僅就於二零一八 年一月一日前尚未完成的合同應用新規定。

本集團預期由於首次採納國際財務報告準則 第15號而將於二零一八年一月一日作出之前 述過渡性調整不重大。於二零一七年，本集 團已對採納國際財務報告準則第15號的影響 進行詳細評估。

2.3 ISSUED BUT NOT YET EFFECTIVE

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS

A m e n d m e n t s t o I F R S 1 0 a n d I A S 2 8 a d d r e s s a n inconsistency between the requirements in IFRS 10 and in IAS 28 in dealing with the sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture. The amendments require a full recognition of a gain or loss when the sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture constitutes a business. For a transaction involving assets that do not constitute a business, a gain or loss resulting from the transaction is recognised in the investor’s profit or loss only to the extent of the unrelated investor’s interest in that associate or joint venture. The amendments are to be applied prospectively. The previous mandatory effective date of amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28 was removed by the IASB in December 2015 and a new mandatory effective date will be determined after the completion of a broader review of accounting for associates and joint ventures. However, the amendments are available for adoption now.

IFRS 15, issued in May 2014 and amended in April 2016, establishes a new five-step model to account for revenue arising from contracts with customers. Under IFRS 15, revenue is recognised at an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer.

The principles in IFRS 15 provide a more structured approach for measuring and recognising revenue. The standard also introduces extensive qualitative and quantitative disclosure requirements, including disaggregation of total revenue, information about performance obligations, changes in contract asset and liability account balances between periods and key judgements and estimates. The standard will supersede all current revenue recognition requirements under IFRSs. Either a full retrospective application or a modified retrospective adoption is required on the initial application of the standard. In April 2016, the IASB issued amendments to IFRS 15 to address the implementation issues on identifying performance obligations, application guidance on principal versus agent and licences of intellectual property, and transition. The amendments are also intended to help ensure a more consistent application when entities adopt IFRS 15 and decrease the cost and complexity of applying the standard. The Group will adopt IFRS 15 from 1 January 2018.

The Group plans to adopt the transitional provisions in IFRS 15 to recognize the cumulative effect of initial adoption as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at 1 January 2018. In addition, the Group plans to apply the new requirements only to contracts that are not complete before 1 January 2018. The Group expects that the transitional adjustment to be made on 1 January 2018 upon initial adoption of IFRS 15 will not be material. During 2017, the Group has performed a detailed assessment on the impact of the adoption of IFRS 15.

Annual Report 2017 二零一七年年報 131

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2.3 ISSUED BUT NOT YET EFFECTIVE

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS

The Group’s principal activity consists of the manufacture and sale of dairy products. The expected impacts arising from the adoption of IFRS 15 on the Group are summarised as follows:

(a) Variable consideration on the sale of dairy products

The Group provides a right of return and trade discounts for some of the sales contracts of dairy products with customers. Currently, the Group recognises revenue from the sale of goods measured at fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances and trade discounts. If revenue cannot be reliably measured, revenue recognition is deferred until the uncertainty is resolved. Under IFRS 15, a transaction price is considered variable if a customer is provided with a right of return and trade discounts. The Group is required to estimate the amount of consideration to which it will be entitled in the sales of its dairy products and the estimated amount of variable consideration will be included in the transaction price only to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. The amendments are not expected to have any significant impact on the Group’s financial statements.

(b) Presentation and disclosure

The presentation and disclosure requirements in IFRS 15 are more detailed than those under the current IAS 18. The presentation requirements represent a significant change from current practice and will significantly increase the volume of disclosures required in the Group’s financial statements. Many of the disclosure requirements in IFRS 15 are new and the Group has assessed that these requirements are not expected to have any significant impact on the Group’s financial statements.

2.3 已頒佈但尚未生效的國際財務報 告準則

本集團的主要業務包括製造及銷售乳製品。

採納國際財務報告準則第15號對本集團產生 的預期影響概述如下：

(a) 銷售乳製品的可變代價

本集團就部分與客戶簽訂之乳製品銷 售合同提供退貨及交易折扣權利。目 前，本集團確認以已收取或以應收代 價的公允值計量的貨物銷售收入，扣 除回報和津貼及交易折扣。倘收入無 法可靠計量，收入確認將推遲至不確 定性解決。根據國際財務報告準則第 15號 ， 倘 客 戶 享 有 退 貨 權 及 交 易 折 扣，則交易價格被視為可變。本集團 須估計其在乳製品銷售中將享有的代 價金額，而可變代價估計金額將僅在 確認的累計收入金額很有可能因可變 代價的相關不確定性隨後得以解決而 不會發生重大逆轉的情況下，計入交 易價格。該等修訂預期將不會對本集 團的財務報表造成任何重大影響。

(b) 呈列及披露

國際財務報告準則第15號中的呈列及 披露規定較現行國際會計準則第18號 更為詳盡。呈列規定與現時慣例相比 發生重大變化，並將大幅增加本集團 財務報表所需的披露數量。國際財務 報告準則第15號的多項披露規定為新 訂，而本集團已作出評估，並預期該 等規定將不會對本集團的財務報表造 成任何重大影響。