他の従来型合成抗リウマチ薬,生物学的製剤や分子標的型合成抗リウマチ 薬と併用して使用する際,MTX の用量は,MTX 単剤治療の場合と同様に,
最大 16 mg/ 週まで使用できる.感染症リスクがある症例では生物学的製 剤併用時に MTX の減量を考慮してもよい.MTX をアンカーとした併用療 法を行っても効果不十分な場合は,MTX の増量も選択肢の 1 つである.
推奨
MTX 効果不十分例に対して分子標的型合成抗リウマチ薬併用は選択肢に なりうる.
推奨
第 3 章 用量・用法● 39 国内外で行われた MTX と csDMARD との併用試験における MTX 投与量は 8 〜 18.5 mg/ 週である(表 4).国内試験では投与量の上限が8 mg/ 週であったことも あり海外に比べて少ない用量である.海外の試験では 10 〜 20 mg/ 週が使用され ており,単剤使用群と用量に差はなく,副作用発現頻度に差はない.
一方,主な生物学的製剤の海外臨床試験におけるMTX 投与量は12 〜 20 mg/ 週
(表 6),TOF の MTX 併用下での臨床試験では,投与量は 15 〜 20 mg/ 週であり,
これは海外の一般的な MTX 投与量である.本邦で MTX 高用量が承認された以降
■表 6 主な生物学的製剤臨床試験における MTX 投与量
生物学的製剤 臨床試験 MTX 投与量
MTX +生物学的製剤群 MTX 群
アバタセプト
(ABT)
ATTEST 試験 Schiff M, 2008
ABT + MTX:16.5 mg/ 週
INF + MTX:16.3 mg/ 週 MTX:16.6 mg/ 週 AGREE 試験
Wells F, 2011
ABT + MTX:18.9 ± 3.2 mg/ 週 MTX:18.9 ± 3.4 mg/ 週
アダリムマブ
(ADA)
PREMIER 試験 Breedveld FC, 200652)
ADA + MTX:16.3 mg/ 週 MTX:16.9 mg/ 週
エタネルセプト
(ETN)
TEMPO 試験 Klareskog L, 200453)
ETN + MTX
:16.9 mg/ 週 (mean 1st year)
: 16.4 mg/ 週 (mean 2nd year)
MTX
:17.2 mg/ 週 (mean 1st year)
: 16.5 mg/週 (mean 2nd year)
トシリズマブ
(TCZ)
CHARISMA 試験 Maini RN, 200658)
MTX + TCZ 2 mg
:(L:M:H = 36.5:48.1:15.4 %)
+ TCZ 4 mg
:(L:M:H = 34.7:49.0:16.3 %)
+ TCZ 8 mg
:(L:M:H = 36:48:16 %)
MTX:(L:M:H = 34.7:
49.0:16.3 %)
L = 10 〜 12.5 mg/ 週,
M = 15 〜 17.5 mg/ 週,
H = 20 〜 25 mg/ 週
インフリキシマブ
(INF)
ASPIRE 試験 St. Clair E, 2004
MTX + INF 3 mg:15.5 ± 7.6 mg/ 週
+ INF 6 mg:14.9 ± 7.7 mg/ 週 MTX:15.1 ± 8.0 mg/ 週
ゴリムマブ
(GOL)
GO-BRFORE 試験 Emery P, 200956)
MTX + GOL 50 mg:19.2 ± 2.35 mg/ 週
+ GOL 100 mg:19.1 ± 3.31 mg/ 週 MTX:19.1 ± 2.73 mg/ 週
セルトリズマブ ペゴル
(CZP)
RAPID 2 試験 Smolen J, 2009
MTX + CZP 200 mg:12.5 ± 3.6 mg/ 週
+ CZP 400 mg:12.6 ± 3.7 mg/ 週 MTX:12.2 ± 3.3 mg/ 週 C-OPERA 試験
Atsumi T, 201610)
MTX + CZP 200 mg:11.62 ± 2.95 mg/ 週 MTX:11.61 ± 2.68 mg/ 週
第
3章
に行われた C-OPERA 試験では MTX 群,MTX +セルトリズマブ ペゴル(CZP)
群ともに 11.6 mg/ 週であり,約 3 割の症例は 16 mg/ 週を併用していた10).した がって,本邦の最大承認用量である16 mg/ 週使用下でも,生物学的製剤併用の忍 容性に問題はないと考えられる.生物学的製剤の有効性に関しては,ETN67)と ADA68)の本邦製造販売後調査(PMS)結果では,MTX 10 mg/ 週使用例の寛解率 が最も高かった.以上の成績から,生物学的製剤併用時には,MTX は単剤治療時 と同様に,16 mg/ 週まで使用が可能であり,その際に,十分量の MTX を併用し た方が高い有効性が期待できると考えられる.
しかし,臨床試験における生物学的製剤単剤治療とMTX と生物学的製剤併用治 療の副作用の発現頻度に有意差はないが,重症感染症は併用群でやや多い傾向が
ある52, 53).また,MTX-naïve の早期 RA を対象に,ADA と MTX 併用の有効性と
安全性を MTX 2.5 mg/ 週,5 mg/ 週,10 mg/ 週,20 mg/ 週の 4 用量別に比較し たCONCERTO 試験の成績では,2.5 mg/ 週,5 mg/ 週治療群に比べて10 mg/ 週,
20 mg/ 週群の方が,著効例が多かったが,10 mg/ 週と 20 mg/ 週群の間に有意差 はなかった.一方,感染症,脱毛,消化管症状は用量依存性に増える傾向があっ たことから,MTX-naïve 症例に MTX と TNF 阻害薬併用で治療する場合,MTX 用量として 10 mg/ 週を選択肢として示唆している69).したがって,MTX 12 mg/
週を超えて使用している症例で生物学的製剤を併用する場合 ,高齢者 ,副腎皮質 ステロイド,糖尿病,肺病変など他の感染リスクがある症例では,MTX の減量は 考慮してもよい.
生物学的製剤使用中のMTX 投与量の変更に関するエビデンスは多くないが,イ ンフリキシマブ(INF)効果不十分例において MTX 増量による有効例の報告があ る70).また,MTX 高用量承認後の特定使用成績調査結果では,生物学的製剤を調 査前から使用していた症例において,MTX を 8 〜 10 mg/ 週以上へ増量した場合,
24 週後に DAS28 寛解症例は 15.7 %から 35 %に増加した26, 71).この結果は,生 物学的製剤導入後でも,効果不十分であれば MTX の増量により,寛解が達成でき る症例がいることを示している.
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