NC NCP ML
9 ノ .2
529 σ∂.7 232 3θ。ノ
KTM valley EDR CDR
excluding KTM valley WDR MWDR FWDR
ノイσ ノ9
ffσ ノ5.ノ 2イ5 3ノ.∂
22イ 29。ノ
3ノ イ
∂ ノ
vinage Urban
イσ3 σθ。ノ
3θ7 39。9 India C)ther country
2イ ∂θ
σ 2θ
Total 77θ ノθθ Total 77θ ノθθ Total 77θ ノθθ Total Jθ fθ θ
So Missing Jθ So Missing Jθ S.
IIllSSIng Jθ
S。
Misslng 77θ
Total ∂θθ Total ∂θθ Total ∂θθ Total ∂θθ
Notc:S=Systcm。
The study,Nepal government's deflnition of̀rural and urban',has followed municipality is
as the urb〔m and the宙1lage development co―ittees(VDCs)霞e in ruralo HOwever,all three selected fleld site were municipal areas。 On the basis of their birth place,still the rural area goes up with 60。 l percent comptted to the urban,39。9 percent。
6。 5。
l Language
Activists were asked about their ̀understanding' on other language/s expect Nepali and Englishe
Table ll:Knowledge on other language except Nepali‖ English
Status oflanguage
Number
One language Two language Multiple language No knowledge
0
0
% 231
275 209 85
28.9
34。4 26.1 10.6
Total 800 100
The above table ll suggests that the single largest group is two languages knowing activists, they occupy 34。 4 percento Silnilarly,28。 9 percent activists are found they know only one language and 26。 l percent activists replied that they know multiple languages,Inore than two, while 10。6 percent respondent replied they have no expertise other than the Nepali and the English languageso To flnd out the ̀used language' within various inembers of a house,a question was designedo ln response,as table 12 suggest that only or inainly Nepali language occupies more than fltty percent with every generation like 51。4,53。 0,54。5 and 53.8 percent
●
●
with parents/uncle/aunt; brothers/sisters; spouse; and children/Niece/Nephew respectively.
C)ther only or mainly cover 43。 0, 37。 3, 34。4, and 24。9 percent with pttents/uncle/aunt;
brothers/sisters;spouse;and children/Niece/Nephew respectively.
Table 12:Language spoken with various generational family members
Languages
Parents/Uncles/A Brothers/Sisters unts
No No
Spouse Children/Nice/Nephew
No %
%
%
%
●
Only or mainly Nepali
Other only or mainly
NepalidL other Nepali,English&
others C)thers
イノノ
Jイイ J∂
f σ
5f.イ
イJ イ。∂ θ。ノ θ。∂
イ2イ
29∂
σ5 3
fθ
5J 37.3
∂.ノ
θ.イ
ノ。J
359 227 55
∂ ノθ
5イ。5
3イ。イ
∂。J ノ.2 ノ.5
イ2∂
f9∂
′3σ
22 ノ2
53.∂
2イ.9 ノア.ノ
2。∂
f。5
Sub‐total σ59 ノθθ 796 ノθθ
NA ノイf
●
Total ∂θθ fθθ ∂θθ ノθθ ∂θθ fθθ ∂θθ fθθ
Activists were asked about their ̀understanding' on other language/s expect Nepali and Englisho The 34。4 percent activists found their̀knowledge'[in their communicttion]in mOre than two languages which is single lttgest groupe Like 28。 9 and 26。 l replied,they have skill in one ttld in multiple lttlguages(mOre than two)while lo。 6 percent respondent replied they have no expertise other than the Nepali and the Englisho To flnd out the ̀used language' within the house with various members a question was posedo ln response,only or mainly Nepali language occupies more than fl■ y percent with every periodization like 51。 4,53。0,
54。5 and 53。 8 percent with parents/uncle/aunt; brothers/sisters; spouse; and children/Niece/Nephew respectivelyo C)ther only or mainly cover 43。 0,37.3,34。4,and 24。9 percent with pttents/uncle/aunt; brothers/sisters; spouse; and children/Niece/Nephew
respectively。
6。5。2(Dccupation
Act市ists(mainly the political)intentiOnally or ttowingly do notlike to answer in the case of occupation in Nepal.The activists,sometimes,were indiscriminate between the involved activism and their professiono They felt pride saying ̀I am mlltilne activist', or ̀full tilne politici2ELS' but the aim of the question was to flnd out ones flnancial sources for the
l市elihoodo Somèle■ political'act市ists(hll time members)雛ld mll time offlcc holder gets
money■
om reltted org〔mizttions(p01itical p肛サ,NGO,CBO etc)fOr her/his livelihood and time contributiono lt contradicts with the deinition act市 ism̀voluntttily'[see research method]but it Was tJcen as in principle ofthe organization(exceptiOnal)not as employeStudent―generally they gets flnancial supports from their parents,or guttdiarLS― itSelf is not a profession but this resettch has accepted it as a profession because all most all students replied their profession is̀student'。 It would bèNepal‐ speciflc'recognition.Even though both ̀School Teacher' and ̀Lecturer/Professor' would have a single category however to know the active percentage within this same profession intentionally thesc have been kept in septtate categories because it is ̀evident' that they tte found pro― active in all flelds of act市ismo School teacher shares fourth position with 9。8 percent while lecturer/professor occupies 2。6 percent.Variables business/industries,included from very local shopkeeper to regional and national level business person and industrialist,secure flrst position with 20。8 percent,just about l percent more than serviceso Agriculture placed in the third position having 16。 3 percento C)thers categories are found 8。 5 percent ahead then house wife and student variableso lt is generally believed that ex― IBritish ttHny tte being involved in the Nepalese cultural nationalist activism however those groups share little number because within indigenous nationalities groups 59 ethnicities have been enlisted by the gove]HInent of Nepal but of them very few groups have traditional access to the BIritish Alllly loeo Rai, Gurung,Lilnbu,Magar,etco Consequently it shares only O。9 percent。
Table 13:Occupation of the activists
Occupations No
●
●
% Business/1ndustry
Se口ylce Agriculture School teacher Others Student Housewlfe
Lecturers/professors
Lawyer
Technical occupation Traditional occupation Exo Police/Ar口ny Britain Exo Police/Arimy Nepal Exo Police/Arimy lndia
ノ6σ
′53 ノJθ 7∂
σ∂
σイ σイ 2ノ 2θ ノ7
∂ 7 J ノ
2θ.∂
ノ9。ノ ノ6.3
9.∂
∂.5
∂
∂ 2.6
2。5
2。ノ ノ θ。9 θ.イ
θ。ノ
′θθ ●
Total ∂θθ
6.5。3 Caste/ethnicity
Looking at the ethnic/caste composition of surveyed activist,the Hill BIrttan constitutes 21.5 percent,the single lttgest percentageo The Newar is in second position with 15。 l percent。
● The Chhetri/Thakuri absorbs 12.8 percento Similarly, the ethnic groups tte found 13。 6
percent activisto Hill Dalit shttes 7。 3 percento Yadav and other caste groups constitute ll。 5
percent.The Musalman covers l。 6 percento The remaining groups maintain 6.8 percent.In
telllls of caste ethnic clustering 3 1。 l percent are indigenous nationalities and the remaining
69。9 percent goes to caste groups,of the caste group 10.2 percent are lDalitso Unidentifled caste/ethnic groups constitute 3 percent。
Table 14:Caste/Ethnici resentation in the suⅣ e
National population
Caste/ethnicity No
●
Brahmin‐IIill
Newar
Ethnic Groups‐ Hill and Mountain Chhetri‐Hill and Thakuri
Yadav and other Tarai Castes Hill Dalit
Brahmin‐ Tarai
Dalit‐Tarai Musal】man
KayasthaノRajput
Ethnic Groups‐ Taral and lnner Tarai Sanyasl
C)thers
2896477 1245232 4983957 3927616 2409075 1605248 134496 674859 971056 94525 2225593 199127 1369673
12。74
5。48
21。91 17.27
10。6 7
0。59 2.98
4。27
0。41
9。81
0。88 6
Activists
No %
ノ72 2ノ.5 f2f f5。f fθ9 fJ.σ
fθ2 ノ2.∂
92 ゴノ。イ 5∂ 7.J 29 3.σ
fσ 2 fJ ノ.σ f2 ノ.5 ノf f.イ
′ノ ノ.イ
5イ 6.∂
Total 22736934 ∂θθ fθθ
Of the 800 respondents less then one third 27。 4 percent were felnale and 72。6 percent were
male。 Overwhelmingly 80。 9 percent found married and 17.6 percent were single(umaried),
like O.5, 0。8, and O.3 percent found divorced, widow/widower and the ̀Others'。 Here,
̀separated'and̀unanswered'categories have designated in thèC)thers'categoryo More than 90 percent rnattriages are found within own caste/ethnic group;remaining only 9。 9 percent are found inter caste/ethnic marriage.From the age perspective,activists found from the age of 18 to 85 years,狙 d42 year contains the single lttgest number with 4。2 percent.
Source:Field SuⅣey 2005 and 2001 census.
●
6。 5。4 Education
Table 15 suggests that activists〔re found from initerate to PhD holder。 Of them diploma level covers single lιrgest segment, 31。 l percent, compared to others levelso Masters, certiflctte and School Lcaving Certiflcate, SLC holder carptures second, third and fol田 威
h
position with 20。0, 19。5,and 9。4 percent respectivelyo The survey follows the 2001 census deflnition of the literacy as ability to read and wite with understanding and to do simple arithetic calculations.But,in general,the respondents repHed their own understanding;no inteⅣention lnade from the resettcher,to maintain or increment the trust rapport between the respondents and reseltticher,particularly deflning to literate ttd illiterate stamse The illiterate and literate categories comprise O。4 and 4。 l percent respectively。
Table 15:Educational Status
Educational status Number %
●
●
Illiterate Literate
l‐5
6‐7
8‐10
SLC
Certirlcate
Diploma Master
Ph.D。
J JJ 5
′7 75 96
f5σ 2イ9 ノσθ
σ
θ。イ イ。ノ θ.σ 2。′
9。イ ノ2 ノ9.5
Jノ.ゴ
2θ θ。∂
Total ∂θθ ノθθ
6。 5。5 Religion
lntentionally, the religion section was kept ̀open', assunling the undercuHlent religious activismo During the pilot survey,some respondents becmèdisappointed'or̀sentilnental' when they did not flnd their involved̀sect' or̀belier,new ev。lving or retaining,in the questionnaire.Latter,it was managed in coding as received response from the respondent。
Ambiguities exist in the analysis of religion in a context of activism recruitment.
̀preseⅣation',̀conversion',and̀retention'are frequently used telilis and tendencies,those multiplicities ofposition would be difflcult to assimilate into an analysis ofactivism。
●
Table 16:Religions and activist
Religion and activist Number %
●
Hindu Buddhist lslam Christian Kirat Others Not reported
5σゴ ノ3σ
2θ fσ 2θ
27
2θ
7θ.f ノ7 2.5 2 2.5
3.イ
2。5
●
Total ∂θθ fθθ
In this disseiation,therefore,the suⅣey restrict to the meanings of activism and activists deflned in the research methodologyo Respondents were found from almost all nationally recognized religious beliefs:Hinduism,Buddhism,Muslim,Christianity,訂 ld Kirtt are 70。 1, 17。0,2.5,2。 0,and 2。 5 per cent respectivelyo Hindus are 10。 5 per cent less than as recorded in the national censuso However,Buddhists are 6。 3 per cent more comp〔 red to 10。 7 per cent in the 2001 censuso Comptted to the national size of the population,C)hristians represent lnore th劉l double but Muslims are about ifty per cent less than its nttional populttiono The then dissatisfaction with the continuation ofthe offlcial declι ration ofthe country as a Hindu state in the constitution of Nepa1 1990,accelerated the cultural nationalities'activism demanding the then seculι r sttlteo The variable ̀not reported' covers 2。 5 percent,in this category the activists consciously denied to answer saying̀I EIn not related with any reHgious faith'and others category include Bon,Anilnisn19 Josmani,ctc which occupied 3。 4 percent。
6。6 Famlly proile
This pa of this chapter elucidates the ttlnily details of activist through four questions employing outside in and inside out scales for instance accessing the social status of activist's grandfather and father and lnapping Out close relatives proflle.
The following table 15 shows general people category9 secures flrst position with 28。 6 percent, is most power]all recognition in the grand father's generation. Interestingly, this category is found nilin the third response however only flrst response make up 38 percento ln the second,third,fourth and fltt position i餞 ,α JνttИ″′蒟 ″C SOCial activist,Hlerchant and
religious activist identity occupies with 23。 8,21。 5,11。 4 and 6。4 percent respectively.
●
Table 17:Actie■ ノ:ACtlVISIS′ grana latners′d fath 二ocaユleVei recognltlon Dv the generatt DeODleth
Variables
lSt Response
No %
2nd Rtesponse
No %
3rd Response
No %
Combine No %
General people Thalu/Mukhiya
Social activist
Merchant
Religious activist Pandit
Others
Ex.army/police Karmachar1/Teacher
Political leader
DK
Ethnic leader
Jθイ 3∂
ノ7∂ 22.3
7ノ ∂。9
7σ 9。5
′θ ノ。J イイ 5.5
イθ 5
3σ イ.5 2θ 2.5
′2 ノ.5
7 θ。9
2 θoJ
5 3.2 5 3.2 93 59.2
ノ′ 7 22 ノイ
2 ノ.3