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ȼ.ɇ. ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜ
1ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɝɨɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ȼɟɪɯɨɹɧɫɤɨ-ɑɭɤɨɬɫɤɨɣ
ɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠ-ɞɟɧɢɸ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɵ.Ʌɢɲɶ ɜ ɟɟ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɝɨɪɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɧɚɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɨɬɨɨɪɨɝɟɧ-ɧɨɣ (ɤɨɥɥɢɡɢɨɧɩɪɨɬɨɨɪɨɝɟɧ-ɧɨɣ)ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ.ɗɬɨ – əɧɨ-Ʉɨɥɵɦɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɱɚ-ɬɵɯ ɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɱɚɬɨ-ɝɥɵɛɨɜɵɯ ɝɨɪ,ɦɨɪɮɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨ-ɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɚ ɫ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ ɦɟɡɨɡɨɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɱɚɬɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ 1-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ [3].
ȼ ɪɚɧɧɟɦ ɦɟɥɭ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɤɨɥɥɢɡɢɢ ɍɞɫɤɨ-Ɇɭɪɝɚɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɣ ɞɭɝɢ ɫ ɸɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɚɢɧɨɣ ȼɟɪɯɨɹɧɨ-ɑɭɤɨɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɨɨɪɨɝɟɧɚ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɧɚɞɫɭɛɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨ-ɑɭɤɨɬɫɤɢɣ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɹɫ. ȿɝɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɨɦ ɦɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɫɫ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɛɥɨ-ɤɨɜ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ,ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɱɟɦ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭ-ɪɵ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ [3]. ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɦɨɪɮɨɫɬ-ɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɪɟɥɶɟɮ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨ-ɑɭɤɨɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫ-ɬɟɦɵ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɭ ɟɟ ɦɨɪɮɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 5 ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɢɡɨ-ɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɞɨɜɨ-ɝɥɵɛɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɢɣ (ɦɟɝɚɫɜɨɞɨɜ) ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɢɤɨɦ 400–500 ɤɦ [3, 4], ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɭɸ ɰɟɩɶ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɨ-ɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ. ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɜɟɧɨɦ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɨɪɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ Ɉɦɨɥɨɧ-ɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɝɚɫɜɨɞ,ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɭɞɚɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɸɝɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɮɥɚɧɝɨɜ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨ-ɑɭɤɨɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟ-ɦɵ. ɉɨ ɨɛɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɩɚɪɵ ɦɟɝɚɫɜɨ-ɞɨɜ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ: ȼɟɪɯɧɟ-Ʉɨɥɵɦɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɘɞɨ-ɦɨ-Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɢɣ ɧɚ ɸɝɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɟ, Ⱥɧɸɣɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨ-ɑɭɤɨɬɫɤɢɣ – ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨ-ɤɟ [5]. Ⱦɥɹ ɦɨɪɮɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨ-ɑɭɤɨɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɢ-ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɨ-ɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɫɚ ɢ ɞɢɫɤɨɪɞɚɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɫɤɥɚɞɱɚɬɵɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭ-ɪɚɦ ɦɟɡɨɡɨɢɞ.
Ʉ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɝɨ ɦɟɥɚ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɭɛɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɸɝɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɦ ɮɥɚɧɝɟ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨ-ɑɭɤɨɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɚ-ɜɟɪɲɢɥɫɹ ɷɬɚɩ ɧɚɞɫɭɛɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ, ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ. ȼ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɤɚɦɩɚɧɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟ-ɝɢɨɧɟ ɜ ɝɟɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɢɮɬɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.ɉɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟ ɢɡɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɨɥɢɜɢɧɨ-ɜɵɯ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɬɨɜ,ɬɪɚɯɢɛɚɡɚɥɶɬɨɜ,ɚɧɞɟɡɢɛɚɡɚɥɶɬɨɜ ɢ ɚɧɞɟɡɢɬɨɜ (ɦɵɝɞɵɤɢɬ-ɫɤɚɹ ɫɜɢɬɚ),ɢɡɨɬɨɩɧɵɣ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ,ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɚɧ-ɫɜɢɧɰɨɜɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ,ɪɚɜɟɧ 76,8±1,3 ɦɥɧ ɥɟɬ [6, 7]. Ȼɚɡɚɥɶɬɨɜɵɟ ɬɨɥɳɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɭɛɝɨ-ɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɨɲɜɭ ɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɨɦ ɢ ɭɝɥɨɜɵɦ ɧɟɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵ -ɜɚɸɬ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɜɲɢɟ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ,ɨɛɪɚɡɭɹ ɪɟɥɶɟɮ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɨ.Ɉɛɲɢɪɧɵɟ ɪɟɥɢɤɬɵ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢ-ɥɢɫɶ ɞɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɦ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨ-ɑɭɤɨɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɚ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ [6, 8] ɪɚɧɟɟ ɭɠɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɢ,ɱɬɨ ɩɥɚ-ɬɨɛɚɡɚɥɶɬɵ, ɜɟɧɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɪɚɡɪɟɡ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟ-ɧɢɣ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨ-ɑɭɤɨɬɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɹɫɨɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟ-ɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ.Ɉɧɢ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ,ɧɚɱɚɥɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɣ,ɪɢɮɬɨɜɵɣ ɪɟ-ɠɢɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ,ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɪɢɬɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɦɟ-ɧɨɣ ɷɩɨɯ ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ.
ɇɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɟ ɩɚɥɟɨɰɟɧɚ ɢ ɷɨɰɟɧɚ ɜ ɝɟɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɸɝɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɦ ɮɥɚɧɝɟ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨ-ɑɭɤɨɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɢ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɵɟ ɫɞɜɢ-ɝɢ ɫɭɛɲɢɪɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɢɪɚɧɢɹ. ɋɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɷɬɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɚɟɤ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɬɨɜ ɫ ɦɚɧɬɢɣɧɵɦɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɥɟɪɰɨɥɢɬɨɜ (ɫɟɣɦɤɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɞɚɣɤɚ).ɂɡɨɬɨɩɧɵɣ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɬɨɜ (ɩɨ K-Ar) ɪɚɜɟɧ 54±1 ɦɥɧ ɥɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ-ɱɚɥɭ ɷɨɰɟɧɚ [9].
Ɇɨɳɧɵɣ ɪɢɮɬɨɝɟɧɟɡ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɟɥ ɜ ɷɨɰɟɧɟ ɜ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫ-ɬɹɯ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɚɢɧɵ ȼɟɪɯɨɹɧɫɤɨ-ɑɭɤɨɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.Ʉ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɪɢɮɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɩɚɞɢɧ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɣ Ɍɚɭɣɫɤɨ-Ɍɚɣɝɨɧɨɫɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɣɧɨɡɨɣɫɤɨɣ ɪɢɮɬɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ.ȼ ɧɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɦɨɳɧɵɟ ɬɨɥɳɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬ -ɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɹɦɢ ɤɨɧɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɬɨɜ. Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶ-ɲɢɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɹɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɢ ɢɡɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɨɥɢɜɢɧɨɜɵɯ,ɩɢɪɨɤɫɟɧɨɜɵɯ, ɚɧɚɥɶ-ɰɢɦɨɜɵɯ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɬɨɜ (ɤɵɬɵɣɦɫɤɚɹ ɫɜɢɬɚ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɪɟɥɶɟɮ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɨ.Ɉɛɲɢɪɧɵɟ ɚɪɟɚɥɵ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɨɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɟ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɢɮɟ-ɪɢɢ ɪɢɮɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɩɚɞɢɧ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɜ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ.ɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨ-ɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɬɨɛɚɡɚɥɶɬɨɜ ɢ ɜɩɚɞɢɧ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɨɦɚɦɢ ɲɢɪɨɬɧɨ-ɝɨ ɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɲɢɪɨɬɧɨ-ɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɢɪɚɧɢɣ. ɂɡɨɬɨɩɧɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ (Ʉ-Ar-ɦɟɬɨɞ) ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɬɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɞɚɬɵ 34, 36, 42 ɦɥɧ ɥɟɬ (ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɤɨɥɨ 37 ɦɥɧ ɥɟɬ),ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɭ ɷɨɰɟɧɭ [10].
ȼ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɦɢɨɰɟɧɚ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɢ ɝɟɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɫɠɚ-ɬɢɹ, ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɟ ɪɢɮɬɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɜ Ɍɚɭɣɫɤɨ-Ɍɚɣɝɨɧɨɫ-ɫɤɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ,ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɫɞɜɢ-ɝɨɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɭɛɲɢɪɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɢɪɚɧɢɣ. ȼɨɡɧɢɤɥɢ ɦɚɥɨ-ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɵɟ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɪɚɡɥɨɦ-ɧɵɟ ɜɩɚɞɢɧɵ. ɋɨ ɫɞɜɢɝɚɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɥɚɜ ɨɥɢɜɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɥɚɧɟ-ɮɟɥɢɧɢɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɵɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɪɰɨɥɢɬɨɜ (ɜɢɥɢɝɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ).ɂɡɨɬɨɩɧɵɣ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɷɤɫɬɪɭɡɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɥɢɜɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɥɚɧɟɮɟɥɢɧɢɬɨɜ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɚɥɢɣ-ɚɪɝɨɧɨɜɵɦ ɦɟɬɨ-ɞɨɦ, 10,7–13,2 ɦɥɧ ɥɟɬ [11].
ɂɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɣɧɨɡɨɹ ɢɦɟɥɚ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɢɬɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɨ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɝɟɨɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɭ ɦɚɝɦɚ-ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ. ȼɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ 2 ɷɩɨɯɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɚɦɩɚɧɫɤɚɹ (ɦɵɝɞɵɤɢɬɫɤɚɹ) – 77 ɦɥɧ ɥɟɬ ɢ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɷɨɰɟɧɨɜɚɹ (ɤɵ-ɬɵɣɦɫɤɚɹ) – 37 ɦɥɧ ɥɟɬ ɢ 2 ɷɩɨɯɢ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ – ɪɚɧɧɟɷɨɰɟɧɨɜɚɹ (ɫɟɣɦɤɚɧ-ɫɤɚɹ) – 54 ɦɥɧ ɥɟɬ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɢɨɰɟɧɨɜɚɹ (ɜɢɥɢɝɢɧ(ɫɟɣɦɤɚɧ-ɫɤɚɹ) – 12 ɦɥɧ ɥɟɬ. Ɉɬ-ɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɩɨɯɢ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɨ-ɦɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɷɩɨɯɚ-ɦɢ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɇɚɱɚɥɚ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɩɚɪ ɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɨɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ 40 ɢ 42 ɦɥɧ ɥɟɬ.
Ɋɢɬɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜ ɩɚɪɚɯ, ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɩɨɯɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ:ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɵ-ɝɞɵɤɢɬɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɫɟɣɦɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ 23 ɦɥɧ ɥɟɬ,ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɵɬɵɣɦɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɜɢɥɢɝɢɧ-ɫɤɨɣ 25 ɦɥɧ ɥɟɬ [12].
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ ɷɩɨɯɚ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɢɨɰɟɧɚ–ɤɜɚɪ-ɬɟɪɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥɚ ɧɨɜɟɣɲɭɸ ɦɨɪɮɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ȼɟɪɯɨɹɧɫɤɨ-ɑɭɤɨɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨ-ɝɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɟɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ,ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɬ-ɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɪɢɮɬɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɦ ɦɟɥɭ ɢ ɤɚɣɧɨ-ɡɨɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɢɦɟɥɨ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ, ɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧ -ɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ȼɟɪɯɨɹɧɫɤɨ-ɑɭɤɨɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɨɜɥɟɤɥɢ ɜ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɨɪɧɵɟ ɦɨɪɮɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ,ɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɜɩɚɞɢɧɵ.ȼɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɣ ɧɟɨɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɭɧɚɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧ ɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɜɲɢɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɝɨɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɢɡ ɜɵɞɟ-ɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɥɚɧ ɬɨɣ ɝɟɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛ-ɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ,ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɚ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1.Ȼɨɝɞɚɧɨɜ ɇ.Ⱥ., Ɍɢɥɶɦɚɧ ɋ.Ɇ.Ɍɟɤɬɨɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɝɟɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɤɚ Ⱥɡɢɢ (Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɚ ɤ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɟ ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɤɚ Ⱥɡɢɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ 1:5000000).Ɇ.:ɂɅ ɊȺɇ, 1992. 54 ɫ.
2.ɋɨɤɨɥɨɜ ɋ.Ⱦ.Ɍɟɤɬɨɧɢɤɚ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ Ⱥɪɤɬɢɤɢ:ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ //
Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ Ɂɟɦɥɢ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ XLII Ɍɟɤɬɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɳɚɧɢɹ.
Ɍ. 2. Ɇ.:ȽȿɈɋ, 2009. ɋ. 202–205.
3. ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜ ȼ.ɇ. Ɇɨɪɮɨɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɤɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɝɨɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɤɚ Ⱥɡɢɢ:ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮ.ɞɢɫɫ. … ɞɨɤɬ.ɝɟɨɥ.ɧɚɭɤ.Ɇ.: ɆȽɍ, 1995. 41 ɫ.
4.ɍɦɢɬɛɚɟɜ Ɋ.Ȼ.,ɋɚɞɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ.ɂ., ɋɢɞɨɪɨɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ., ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜ ȼ.ɇ.Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɝɟɧɢɢ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨ-ɑɭɤɨɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ // ɋɨɜ.ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ. 1981. ʋ 9.
ɋ. 77–88.
5. ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜ ȼ.ɇ. ȼɟɪɯɨɹɧɫɤɨ-ɑɭɤɨɬɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɧɨɜɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ:
ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ // Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɝɟɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ. 2012. Ɍ. 53, ʋ5.ɋ. 610–620.
6. Ʉɨɬɥɹɪ ɂ.ɇ., Ɋɭɫɚɤɨɜɚ Ɍ.Ȼ. Ɇɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɦɚɝɦɚɬɢɡɦ ɢ ɪɭɞɨɧɨɫɧɨɫɬɶ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨ-ɑɭɤɨɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ: ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɝɟɨɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ. Ɇɚɝɚɞɚɧ: ɋȼɄɇɂɂ ȾȼɈ ɊȺɇ, 2004. 152 ɫ.
7. Ⱥɤɢɧɢɧ ȼ.ȼ., Ɇɢɥɥɟɪ ɗ.Ʌ. ɗɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɨ-ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɝɦ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨ-ɑɭɤɨɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɫɚ // ɉɟɬɪɨɥɨɝɢɹ. 2011. Ɍ. 19. ʋ 3. ɋ. 249–290.
8.Ɏɢɥɚɬɨɜɚ ɇ.ɂ.ɉɟɪɢɨɤɟɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɹɫɚ.Ɇ.:ɇɟɞɪɚ, 1988. 264 ɫ.
9.Ⱥɤɢɧɢɧ ȼ.ȼ., Ⱥɥɶɲɟɜɫɤɢɣ.ɇɨɜɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɬɨɜ ɫ ɦɚɧ -ɬɢɣɧɵɦɢ ɤɫɟɧɨɥɢɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ ɉɪɢɨɯɨɬɶɟ (ɋɟɣɦɤɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɞɚɣɤɚ) // Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɝɟɨ-ɝɪɚɮɢɹ,ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɤɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ:Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ.Ɇɚɝɚɞɚɧ:ɋȼɄɇɂɂ ȾȼɈ ɊȺɇ, 2011.
ɋ. 5–6.
10.Ʉɨɪɨɥɶɤɨɜ ȼ.Ƚ.Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɚ (ɧɨɜɚɹ ɫɟɪɢɹ).Ɇɚɫɲɬɚɛ 1:1000000.Ʉɚɪɬɚ ɞɨɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ / Ɋɟɞ.Ɇ.Ʌ.Ƚɟɥɶɦɚɧ.ɋɉɛ.:ȼɋȿȽȿɂ, 1992.
11.Ⱥɤɢɧɢɧ ȼ.ȼ., Ⱥɩɬ ɘ.ȿ.ɉɨɡɞɧɟɤɚɣɧɨɡɨɣɫɤɢɣ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨ-ɛɚɡɢɬɨɜɵɣ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɢɡɦ ɧɚ ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɤɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ // Ɇɚɝɦɚɬɢɡɦ ɢ ɨɪɭɞɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɤɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. Ɇɚ-ɝɚɞɚɧ:ɋȼɄɇɂɂ ȾȼɈ ɊȺɇ, 1997. ɋ. 155–174.
12.ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜ ȼ.ɇ.Ɋɢɬɦɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɧɚ Ɉɯɨɬɨɦɨɪ-ɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɢ-ɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɚɢɧɟ ɜ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɦ ɦɟɡɨɡɨɟ ɢ ɤɚɣɧɨɡɨɟ // Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɪɟ-ɞɚ, ɦɢɧɟɪɚɝɟɧɢɱɟɤɢɟ ɢ ɫɟɣɫɦɨɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ:Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ XVIII Ɇɟɠɞɭ-ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ. ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠ: ɂɉɐ «ɇɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɤɧɢɝɚ», 2012.ɋ. 334–337.
ȼ.Ⱥ. ɋɨɥɨɜɶɟɜ
1, Ʌ.ɉ. ɋɨɥɨɜɶɟɜɚ
1Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɰɢɤɥɢɬɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ
ɂɞɟɹ ɰɢɤɥɢɬɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɢɦɟɧɟɦ Ɇ.ȼ.Ɇɭɪɚɬɨɜɚ,ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɜɟɥ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ «ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ» [1, 2]. ɐɢɤɥɢɬɵ – ɷɬɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɪɚɧɝɨɜɵɟ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɥɚ,ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ:ɜ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚɯ – ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ (ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɹɱɟ-ɟɤ),ɜ ɩɨɪɨɞɚɯ – ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ (ɩɚɪɚɝɟɧɟɡɨɜ),ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɯ – ɩɨɪɨɞ (ɩɚɪɚɝɟ -ɧɟɪɚɰɢɣ), ɜ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɟ – ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ (ɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ) ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ [3].
1Ʉɭɛɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ,Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪ,Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
Ɂɚɧɢɦɚɹɫɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɨɣ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɨɜ [4] ɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɤ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ [5], ɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɤɨɣ ɑɟɪɧɨ-ɦɨɪɫɤɨ-Ʉɚɫɩɢɣ-ɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ [6–8], ɧɚɦ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɶ ɢɞɟɸ ɰɢɤɥɢ-ɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ ɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɢɬɚ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɬɢɩɭ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦ – ɸɧɵɦ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɚɦ.
ɐɢɤɥɢɬɨɜɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɥɨɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɧɨɝɨ (ɩɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɢ) ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨɝɨ (ɩɨ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɢ) ɪɚɣɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɢɱɟ-ɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.Ʉɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɵ ɫɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɦɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɱɚɬɨɫɬɢ (ɳɢɬɚɦɢ) ɨɬ ɚɪɯɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɞɨ ɤɚɣɧɨɡɨɣɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɦɢ ɱɟɯɥɨɜ (ɩɥɢɬ)ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɢ ɦɨ-ɥɨɞɵɯ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦ. Ɂɨɧɵ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɩɥɢɬɵ ɨɤɪɚɢɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɪɟɣ, ɨɫɬɪɨɜɧɵɟ ɞɭɝɢ ɢ ɠɟɥɨɛɚ. Ɉɤɟɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɨɞ-ɜɢɠɧɵɦɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɹɫɚɦɢ (ɝɟɨɪɢɮɬɨɝɟɧɚɥɹɦɢ) ɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ-ɦɢ ɩɥɢɬɚɨɤɟɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ-ɦɢ (ɬɚɥɚɫɨɩɥɟɧɚɨɤɟɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ-ɦɢ).
ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ (ɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ) ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ, ɫɪɟɞɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɟɯ-ɱɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɢɬɦɵ (ɰɢɤɥɵ) – ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ [1, 2].ȼ ɫɬɪɚɬɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɧɟɩɪɟ-ɪɵɜɧɨ ɫɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɬɢɩɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵ (ɞɪɟɜɧɢɟ, ɦɨɥɨɞɵɟ ɢ ɸɧɵɟ).ɋɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɥ ɇ.ɋ.
ɒɚɬɫɤɢɣ ɢ Ɇ.ȼ.Ɇɭɪɚɬɨɜ,ɚ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ – Ⱥ.Ʌ.əɧɲɢɧ ɢ Ɋ.Ƚ.Ƚɚɪɟɰɤɢɣ. Ɋɚɡ-ɜɢɜɚɹ ɢɞɟɢ ɨ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɤɚɤ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɤɨ-ɪɵ, ɧɚɦ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɸɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦ. Ʉɨɦ-ɩɥɟɤɫɵ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɢ – ɷɬɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦ),ɚ ɧɚɞ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɢ – ɷɩɢɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɸɬ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɚɬɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɵ-ɜɚɦɢ.Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɩɢɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ – ɷɬɨ ɤɨɦ-ɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɫɨɫɟɞɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦ,ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɪɚɟ -ɜɵɟ (ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɟ) ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɪɚɟɜɵɦɢ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚɦɢ, ɤɪɚɟɜɵɦɢ ɲɜɚɦɢ,ɩɟɪɢɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɤɪɚɟɜɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɢɛɚɦɢ [9].
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɰɢɤɥɢɬɨɜɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬ-ɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɥɨɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɟɳɺ ɚɪɯɟɣɫɤɢɯ (ɩɪɨɬɨɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦ)ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟ-ɦɟɧɧɵɯ (ɨɤɟɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ) ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦ (ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɫɟɪɵɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ).
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɰɢɤɥɢɬɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ,ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ,ɱɬɨ ɩɨ ɫɜɨ-ɟɣ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɡɨɧɵ Ȼɟɧɶɨɮɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɪɚɟ-ɜɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɢɛɚɦɢ, ɚ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɠɟɥɨɛɚ – ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɪɢɩɥɚɬ-ɮɨɪɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɢɛɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɢɪɚɧɢɸ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟ -ɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɪɚɟɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɢɛɵ.
ɐɢɤɥɢɬɨɜɚɹɦɨɞɟɥɶɫɥɨɢɫɬɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɡɟɦɧɨɣɤɨɪɵ
ɇɚɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ, ɚ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɨɜ ɨɞɧɨɬɢɩɧɵɦɢ?Ⱦɭɦɚɟɬɫɹ,ɱɬɨ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟ-ɧɢɹ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɟɦ – ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɛɚ-ɡɚɥɶɬɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɤɪɨɜ ɜ ɨɤɟɚɧɟ ɢ ɜɵɹɫɧɢɬɶ,ɱɬɨ ɠɟ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɟɬ ɩɨɞ ɧɢɦ.ɇɟ ɢɫ-ɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ, ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɨɞ ɬɪɚɩɩɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɯ, ɬɚɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ [10, 11].
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Ɇɭɪɚɬɨɜ Ɇ.ȼ.ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɢ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɤɥɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɱɚɬɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ // ɂɡɜ.Ⱥɇ ɋɋɋɊ.ɋɟɪ.ɝɟɨɥ. 1963. ʋ6.ɋ. 3–22.
2. Ɇɭɪɚɬɨɜ Ɇ.ȼ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɷɩɨɯɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɱɚɬɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɟɝɚɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɡɟɦ-ɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ // Ƚɟɨɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɤɚ. 1965. ʋ1.ɋ. 3–15.
3. Ɏɪɨɥɨɜ ȼ.Ɍ.ɐɢɤɥɵ ɜɟɡɞɟ ɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ // Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɰɢɤɥɚ:ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɨ-ɥɨɝɢɢ:Ɇɚɬɟɪ.ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ.ɋɬɚɜɪɨɩɨɥɶ, 1999. ɋ. 40–46.
4. ɋɨɥɨɜɶɟɜ ȼ.Ⱥ.Ɍɟɤɬɨɧɢɤɚ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɨɜ.ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤ:ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1975. 365 ɫ.
5. ɋɨɥɨɜɶɟɜ ȼ.Ⱥ., Ʉɨɧɨɜɚɥɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ.Ⱥ., ɋɚɥɢɧ ɘ.ɋ. ɢ ɞɪ.Ɍɟɤɬɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨ -ɥɨɝɢɹ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚ ɤ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ ɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɡɟɦ-ɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ // ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɢ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɤɢ:ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ.ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤ:ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1974.ɋ. 5–15.
6. ɋɨɥɨɜɶɟɜ ȼ.Ⱥ., Ȼɨɧɞɚɪɟɧɤɨ ɇ.Ⱥ., Ⱦɟɦɛɢɰɤɢɣ ɋ.ɂ.ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɧɟɮɬɟɝɚɡɨɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ (ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ Ⱥɡɨɜɨ-ɑɟɪɧɨɦɨɪɫɤɨ-Ʉɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ) // ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɨɫɜɨɟ -ɧɢɹ ɧɟɞɪ ɸɝɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ:Ɍɟɡ.ɞɨɤɥ.Ɋɨɫɬɨɜ ɧ\Ⱦ:ɘɇɐ ɊȺɇ, 2006. ɋ. 69–71.
7. Ȼɨɧɞɚɪɟɧɤɨ ɇ.Ⱥ.,ɋɨɥɨɜɶɟɜ ȼ.Ⱥ.ɉɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɢɯ ɧɟɮ-ɬɟɝɚɡɨɧɨɫɧɨɫɬɶ.Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪ:ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ-ɘɝ, 2007. 112 ɫ.
8. ɉɨɩɤɨɜ ȼɂ.,ɋɨɥɨɜɶɟɜ ȼ.Ⱥ., ɋɨɥɨɜɶɟɜɚ Ʌ.ɉ.Ɍɟɤɬɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɪɚɣɨɧɢ-ɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɝɚɡɨɧɨɫɧɨɫɬɢ // Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ,ɝɟɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɚɡɨ-ɜɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ. 2009. ʋ7.ɋ. 4–10.
9. Ɇɚɤɚɪɟɧɤɨ Ƚ.Ɏ.Ɍɪɚɩɩɵ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɨɜ.Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1983. 210 ɫ.
10.Ɇɚɤɚɪɟɧɤɨ Ƚ.Ɏ. ɉɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɬɨɜ, ɛɢɨɤɪɢɡɢɫɵ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɢɦ-ɦɟɬɪɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ.Ɇ.:Ƚɟɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɦɚɪɤ, 1997. 96 ɫ.