ɩɨɜɟɪɯ-ɧɨɫɬɶ.ɇɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ,ɱɬɨ ɫɜɨɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɫɧɨɫ ɜɧɨɫɢɥɢ,ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ,ɫɬɨɥɶ ɩɨɯɨɠɢɟ,ɚ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ-ɧɵɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɬɵ ɚɣɫɤɨɣ ɫɜɢɬɵ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɪɢɮɟɹ ɢ ɬɚɤɚɬɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɢɤɢ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɞɟɜɨɧɚ.ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɧɨɫɚ ɞɥɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɨɜ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɨɬɥɨ-ɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɬɨɥɳ ɨɪɞɨɜɢɤɚ,ɫɢɥɭɪɚ ɢ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɞɟɜɨɧɚ,ɬɢɩɚ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɦɚɹɤɬɚɭɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɥɥɨɯɬɨɧɚ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1.Ɇɢɡɟɧɫ Ƚ.Ⱥ.ȼɟɪɯɧɟɩɚɥɟɨɡɨɣɫɤɢɣ ɮɥɢɲ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɍɪɚɥɚ ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ:ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, 1997. 231 ɫ.
2.Ɇɢɡɟɧɫ Ƚ.Ⱥ. ɋɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɵ ɢ ɝɟɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɦ ɞɟɜɨɧɟ – ɪɚɧɧɟɣ ɩɟɪɦɢ ɸɝɚ ɍɪɚɥɚ.ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ:ɂȽȽ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, 2002. 191 ɫ. 3.Ɇɭɫɬɚɮɢɧ ɒ.Ⱥ.Ⱥɡɹɦɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɪɮɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɍɮɢɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɦɮɢɬɟɚɬɪɚ // Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ.
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɤ ɨ Ɂɟɦɥɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ Ⱥɇ ɊȻ. 2010. ʋ 15. ɋ. 140–147.
4.Ʉɪɚɭɡɟ ɋ.ɇ. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɍɮɢɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɦ-ɮɢɬɟɚɬɪɚ ɜ ɩɚɥɟɨɡɨɟ // ȼɨɩɪ.ɝɟɨɥ.ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɚɢɧɵ Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɘɠɧɨ -ɝɨ ɍɪɚɥɚ.ɍɮɚ. 1971. ȼɵɩ. 14. ɋ. 14–28.
5.Ʉɚɦɚɥɟɬɞɢɧɨɜ Ɇ.Ⱥ.ɉɨɤɪɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɍɪɚɥɚ.Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1974. 231 ɫ. 6.Ɂɚɫɹɞɱɭɤ ɂ.Ɇ., Ʉɚɦɚɥɟɬɞɢɧɨɜ Ɇ.Ⱥ.ɢ ɞɪ.Ɉ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɚɡɹɦɫɤɨɣ ɫɜɢɬɵ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɍɪɚɥɚ // ȼɨɩɪ.ɝɟɨɥ.ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɚɢɧɵ Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɘɠɧɨɝɨ ɍɪɚɥɚ.ɍɮɚ.
1963.ȼɵɩ. 8. ɋ. 79–82.
ȼ.ɇ. ɉɭɱɤɨɜ
1Ɏɢɥɢɩɩɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɢɡɝɢɛɵ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɨɜ. Ʉɷɪɢ ɛɵɥ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɹɪɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɟɨɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɦɚ, ɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ – ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɤɨɦ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɪɚɫ-ɲɢɪɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ,ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɧ ɜɩɢɫɵɜɚɥ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɨɪɨɤ-ɥɢɧɚɯ. ɋɟɣɱɚɫ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɟɪɶɺɡɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɜɟ-ɪɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ Ɂɟɦɥɢ; ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɱɟɝɨ, ɨɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɟɪɯɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɫɦɨ-ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦɢ (ɜɨ ɜɫɹɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ,ɦɧɟ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ),ɧɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ ɭɠɟ ɨ ɫɨ-ɦɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ.Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɨɪɨɤɥɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɯ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ, ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɜɩɢɫɵɜɚɹɫɶ ɜ ɬɟɨɪɢɸ ɩɥɟɣɬ-ɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɚɹ ɟɺ.
ɇɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɤɢ ɥɢɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɥɢɬ [2], ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭ ɞɜɚ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ. 1. Ʌɢɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɥɢɬɵ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɡɨɧɚɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɩɥɢɬɧɵɯ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ,ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɞɢɜɟɪɝɟɧɬɧɵɦɢ (ɋɈɏ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɢ-ɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɪɢɮɬɚɦɢ), ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɝɟɧɬɧɵɟ (ɨɪɨɝɟɧɵ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬ-ɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɦ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɧɵɟ ɞɭɝɢ). 2. ɇɚ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ Ɂɟɦɥɢ (ɜ
«ɩɥɚɧɟ») ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɢɬ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨ-ɦɨɳɶɸ ɬɟɨɪɟɦɵ ɗɣɥɟɪɚ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɫɮɟɪɟ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɨɫɢ,ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɫɮɟɪɵ. Ɍɨɱɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɫɢ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɮɟɪɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɸɫɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɸɫɚ ɗɣɥɟɪɚ. Ɍɟɨɪɟɦɚ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɚɥɟɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɥɢɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɥɢɬ ɢ ɩɚɥɟɨɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɯ.ɋɯɟɦɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɤ-ɬɨɪɨɜ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɥɢɬ ITRFí2008 [3] ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ,ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ,ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɸɫ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɋɟɜɟɪɨɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɢɬɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ Ƚɚɥɚɩɚɝɨɫɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɨɜ,ɚ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɨɣ – ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɂɧɞɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ.
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ (time-progressive) ɜɭɥɤɚɧɢɱɟcɤɢɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟ ɨɛɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɬɟɨɪɟɦɵ ɗɣɥɟɪɚ [4]: ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɩɭɬɶ ɩɨɥɸɫɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ Ɍɢɯɨɨɤɟɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɢ-ɬɵ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ 145 ɦɥɧ ɥɟɬ.
Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ, ɤɨɧɜɟɪɝɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɠɩɥɢɬɧɵɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɥɢɬ ɧɟɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɦɢ,ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɥɚɜ-ɧɵɟ ɢɡɝɢɛɵ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ, ɢ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɗɣɥɟɪɚ ɜ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ, ɯɨɬɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɨɬɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ. ɉɪɢ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨ-ɦɟɪɧɨɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ,ɨɪɨɝɟɧɵ ɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɧɵɟ ɞɭ-ɝɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɨɦɟɧɵ, ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɸɫ ɗɣɥɟɪɚ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɩɥɢɬɧɵɯ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɝɢɛɚ-ɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɵ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɭɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɜɲɭɸ ɡɚ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɝɨ, ɧɟɢɡɨɝɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɚ. Ɉɧɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ:ɩɚɥɟɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ [5, 6]; ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɨɪɨɤɥɢ-ɧɨɜ [7, 8]; ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɸ [9í12]; ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɱɚɝɚɯ ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɣ [13]; ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ [11, 14].
ɉɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɢɡɨɝɧɭɬɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ,ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɢɯ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɨɥɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɛɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɤ ɤɨɥɥɢɡɢɢ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɟɡɭ.
ȿɫɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɬɢɩɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɭɛɞɭɤɰɢɢ:ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɟ.ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɨɬ ɫɭɛɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɤ ɤɨɥɥɢɡɢɢ ɢ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɟɡɭ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɧɚɹ ɞɭɝɚ ɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɨɦ; ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɭɝɨ-ɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɥɚɦɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ əɩɨɧɫɤɨɣ ɞɭɝɢ,ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨ ɫɭɬɢ ɞɟɥɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɥɟɧɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɨɪɨ-ɝɟɧɨɦ.Ɉɪɨɤɥɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɡɝɢɛ ɞɭɝɢ ɢɥɢ ɥɟɧɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɚ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ-ɧɵɣ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ,ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɚɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɝɢɛɚ ɫɥɷ-ɛɚ (slab rollback) ɢ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɦɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɢɪɚ ɜ ɬɵɥɭ ɞɭɝɢ.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɧɚɹ ɞɭɝɚ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚ-ɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɨɦ (ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ), ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɹ ɨɪɨɝɟɧ (ɢɥɢ ɨɪɨ-ɝɟɧɵ). Ȼɥɟɫɬɹɳɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ Ɍɢɪɪɟɧɫɤɨ-Ʌɢɝɭɪɢɣ -ɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɧɨɣ ɞɭɝɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨɦ ɨɤɟɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɦɟ-ɠɞɭ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɨɣ,ɂɛɟɪɢɟɣ,Ⱥɮɪɢɤɨɣ ɢ Ⱥɩɭɥɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɵɛɨɣ,ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɜ ɧɟɨɝɟɧɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɢ ɤɨɥɥɢɡɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɵ ɫ ɋɢɰɢɥɢɣ-ɫɤɢɦ,Ɋɢɮɫɤɢɦ ɢ Ʌɢɝɭɪɢɣɫɤɢɦ ɨɪɨɤɥɢɧɚɦɢ.Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ⱥɧɬɢɥɶɫɤɨ-ɝɨ ɨɪɨɤɥɢɧɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɦ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ Ⱥɧɬɢɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɭɝɢ ɫ Ʌɚɜɪɟɧɬɢɟɣ ɜ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɦ ɦɟɥɭ – ɩɚɥɟɨɝɟɧɟ, Ⱥɥɶɩɢɣɫɤɨ-Ʉɚɪɩɚɬɫɤɨɝɨ – ɫ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɭɝɥɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɫɫɤɨɣ ɨɤɪɚɢɧɵ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ʉɚɡɚɯ-ɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ – ɫɨ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɦ ɄɚɡɚɯɄɚɡɚɯ-ɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɟɧɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚ, ɞɜɢɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɫɭɛɞɭɤɰɢɟɣ,ɫ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ Ʌɚɜɪɭɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɋɢɛɢɪɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɧɧɟɦ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɟ.ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɺɯɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɢɡɨɝɧɭɬɚɹ ɨɪɨɤɥɢ-ɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɚɪɢɫɰɢɞ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ, ɡɚɠɚɬɚɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ Ʌɚɜɪɚɡɢɟɣ ɢ Ƚɨɧɞɜɚɧɨɣ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɤɨɥɥɢɡɢɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬ–
ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬ (ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ «ɛɭɤɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ»); ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɨɣɬɢɫɶ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɨɜɚɪɢɫɫɤɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɨɣ ɢ Ƚɨɧɞɜɚɧɨɣ [8, 15, 16]. ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɵ «ɬɟɤ-ɬɨɧɢɤɨɣ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ».Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɟɣ ɜ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɢ/ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɞɟɮɨɪ-ɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɦɢ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɢɯ ɛɥɨɤɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶ -ɧɨɣ,ɚ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɚɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɨɫɮɟɪɵ,ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɢ,ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ,ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶɸ.Ɉɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ,ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ,
[17], ɫɪɚɜɧɢɦɚɹ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɚɬɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɤɪɚɢɧ, ɜɨɜɥɟ-ɤɚɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.ɑɬɨ ɠɟ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɟɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢ-ɬɨɫɮɟɪɵ,ɨɧɚ ɟɳɺ ɫɥɚɛɟɟ,ɱɟɦ ɨɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɨɜ.ɉɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɨɬ ɫɭɛ-ɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɤ ɤɨɥɥɢɡɢɢ (ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɥɢɡɢɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬ–ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬ) ɜɫɺ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɨɤɥɢɧɨɜ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɨɱɟɪ-ɬɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɤɪɚɢɧ,ɜɵɡɵɜɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɬɨɤ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɛ-ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɞɜɢɝɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɨɜ,ɨɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɭɝɥɨɜ ɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ [18].
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɥɢɤɬɨɜ ɛɚɬɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɱɚ-ɬɵɯ ɮɨɪɥɚɧɞɚɯ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɨɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɨɜ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ.
ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɪɨɤɥɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɜɩɟɱɚɬ-ɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɡɚɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɱɚɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɧɚ ɱɟɦ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɩɪɟɞ-ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɞɜɭɯ ɬɢɩɚɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ: ɚɜɬɨ-ɯɬɨɧɧɨɦ ɜ ɦɨɡɚɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ,ɢ ɚɥɥɨɯɬɨɧɧɨɦ ɜ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ [19]. ȼ ɫɥɭ-ɱɚɟ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɬɚɤɚɹ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɚ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɢɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ-ɦɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ [20]. ɍ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨɜ,ɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɟ ɜɚɪɢɫ-ɰɢɞɵ,ɬɚɤɨɣ ɢɞɟɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɥɨ.
Ɉɫɨɛɵɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɭɛɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɤ-ɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɤɪɚɢɧ ɱɢɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ.ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɢɡɨɝɧɭɬɵɟ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɵ ɫɭɛɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨ «ɩɪɹɦɵɦɢ», ɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɨɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɢ-ɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɛɟɡ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɫɝɢɛɚɧɢɹ. ɂɯ ɬɨɠɟ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɪɨɤɥɢɧɚɦɢ, ɧɨ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ (ɫɦ. ɜɵɲɟ), ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɫɬɚɞɢɸ.ɂ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɭɝɥɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɞɜɢɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ,ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɭɝɨɥ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɬɨɤ,ɷɤɫɬɪɭɡɢɸ – ɨɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɭɝɥɚ [21, 22]. Ɉɫɨɛɵɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɑɭɤɨɬɫɤɨ-Ⱥɥɹɫɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɪɨɤɥɢɧɚ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɨ -ɩɪɹɠɟɧɨ ɫɨ ɫɩɪɟɞɢɧɝɨɦ ɜ Ⱥɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1.Ʉɷɪɢ ɍ.ȼ ɩɨɢɫɤɚɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢ ȼɫɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ.Ɇ.:Ɇɢɪ, 1991. 447 ɫ.
2. ɏɚɢɧ ȼ.ȿ., Ʌɨɦɢɡɟ Ɇ.Ƚ. Ɍɟɤɬɨɧɢɤɚ ɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɢ ɝɟɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ. Ɇ.: Ʉɧɢɠɧɵɣ Ⱦɨɦ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, 2005. 506 ɫ.
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