ɊɎɎɂ (13-05-00700, 13-05-00943, 12-05-33018, 12-05-98506), ɉɪɟɡɢ-ɞɟɧɬɚ ɊɎ ɆɄ-2902.2013.5, ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɈɇɁ-10.2, 10.3. ɗɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɨɧ-ɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɎȽɍɉ «ȼɋȿȽȿɂ».Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɭɸ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɭ ɇɗɋ «Ɇɢɯɚɢɥ ɋɨɦɨɜ»ɡɚ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ Ⱥɪɤɬɢɤɢ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Ʉɨɫɶɤɨ Ɇ.Ʉ., Ȼɨɧɞɚɪɟɧɤɨ Ɇ.ɋ., ɇɟɩɨɦɢɥɭɟɜ ȼ.Ɏ. Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɚ ɤ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɟ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ 1:200 000, ɥɢɫɬɵ T-54-XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII; S-53-IV, V, VI; S-53-IX, XII; S-54-I-II-III; S-54-VII, VIII, IX, XIII, XS-53-IV, XV. Ɇ.: Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟ-ɧɢɟ «ɋɟɜɦɨɪɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ», 1985. 160 ɫ.
2.ɋɚɦɭɫɢɧ Ⱥ.ɂ.Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ 1:200 000, ɥɢɫɬɵ S-54-XX, XXI, XXII.Ʌ.: Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɚɛɪɢɤɚ ȼɋȿȽȿɂ, 1985. 1 ɥ.
3.Ershova V., Prokopiev A., Khudoley A., Sobolev N., Petrov E. Paleozoic sediments of North-Eastern Siberia and Belkovsky Island (North Siberian Islands): depositional set-tings and provenance // 3P Arctic, Stavanger, Norway, October 14–18, 2013. P. 50.
ɂ.Ⱥ. ɉɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ
1ɋɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟ-ɩɨɡɞɧɟɤɚɦɟɧɧɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɚɡɹɦɫɤɨɣ ɫɜɢɬɵ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ Ⱥ.Ⱥ.Ɇɚɧɫɭɪɨɜɵɦ [6] ɧɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɨɥɳɟ ɜ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɹɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɚɥɭɧɚɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɜɢɡɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɛɚɲɤɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ.
Ɏɚɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɥɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɥɚɫɬɢɬɨɜ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɞ-ɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ,ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɷɬɨ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɢ ɡɺɪɟɧ ɤɜɚɪɰɚ,ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɢ-ɥɢɰɢɬɨɥɢɬɨɜ (ɤɪɟɦɧɟɣ,ɨɩɚɥɚ,ɯɚɥɰɟɞɨɧɚ,ɤɜɚɪɰɢɬɨɜ ɢ ɹɲɦɨɢɞɨɜ)ɫ ɪɟɞ-ɤɢɦɢ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɜɚɥɭɧɚɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɢɬɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱ-ɧɵɯ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɹɤɨɜ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɥɢɬɨɮɚɰɢɢ: 1) ɩɟɪɟɫɥɚɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɝɪɚɜɟɥɢɬɨɜ, ɩɟɫɱɚɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɚɥɟɜɪɨɥɢɬɨɜ ɫ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɚɥɭɧɚɦɢ ɤɜɚɪɰɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɢɤɨɜ,ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɺɧɧɵɯ ɭ ɩɨɞɧɨɠɶɹ ɝ.Ⱥɡɹɦ ɢ ɜ ɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɞ.
Ⱦɟɟɜɨ; 2) ɫɢɥɢɰɢɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɨɢɫɬɵɯ, ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚ-ɧɺɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɝɝ. Ⱥɤɤɚɲɤɢ,Ⱥɡɹɦ,ɫɟɜɟɪɧɟɟ ɭɪ.Ɇɚɬɜɟɟɜɤɚ,ɩɨɫ. Ɂɥɨ-ɤɚɡɨɜɨ ɢ ɞɪ. 3) ɦɭɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɞɪɟɫɜɹɧɢɤɨɜ, ɫɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɝ.Ʉɭɥɚɤɨɜɚ, ɯɪ. Ɂɨ-ɬɨɜɚ,ɯɪɟɛɟɬ ɤ ɡɚɩɚɞɭ ɨɬ ɩɨɫ.ɍɪɝɚɥɚ ɢ ɩɨɞɧɨɠɶɟ ɝɝ.Ⱥɤɤɚɲɤɚ ɢ ɋɨɤɨɥɢ-ɧɚɹ; 4) ɩɟɫɱɚɧɨ-ɤɨɧɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɬɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧ-ɧɵɯ,ɫ ɜɚɥɭɧɚɦɢ ɤɜɚɪɰɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɪɟɞɤɢɦɢ ɨɛɥɨɦ-ɤɚɦɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɹɤɨɜ,ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɚɯ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɯɪɟɛ-ɬɨɜ Ⱥɡɹɦ, ɋɚɪɶɫɹɤ, ɝɝ. Ⱥɤɤɚɲɤɚ, Ʉɚɲɤɚɬɚɭ, ɋɨɤɨɥɢɧɚɹ; 5) ɥɢɬɨɮɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɧɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɬɨɜ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡ ɜɚɥɭɧɨɜ ɤɜɚɪɰɢɬɨɜɢɞ -ɧɵɯ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɢɤɨɜ ɫ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɦɚɬɪɢɤɫɚ,ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɺɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɟ ɝ. Ⱥɤɤɚɲɤɚ ɫ ɚɛɫ. ɜɵɫ. ɛɨɥɟɟ 750 ɦ. ȼ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɥɢɬɨɮɚ-ɰɢɣ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ.
ɋɧɢɡɭ ɜɜɟɪɯ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ,ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɢ ɨɤɚɬɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɨɜ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ ɥɢɬɨɬɢɩɵ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɬɨɮɚɰɢɣ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧ-ɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɲɥɢɮɨɜ.
ɋɢɥɢɰɢɬɨɥɢɬɨɜɵɟ ɞɪɟɫɜɹɧɢɤɢ (ɥɢɬɨɮɚɰɢɹ 3). Ɍɟɤɫɬɭɪɚ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɥɚɛɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɚɹ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɟɹɫɧɨ ɫɥɨɢɫɬɚɹ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɝɪɭɛɨɨɛɥɨ-ɦɨɱɧɚɹ.ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɥɢɬɨɤɥɚɫɬɵ ɯɚɥɰɟɞɨɧɨɥɢɬɨɜ,ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɞɨ 2 ɦɦ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ 35% ɨɬ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ; ɪɟɞɤɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɛɭɪɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɪɨɞ;ɨɩɚɥɨɥɢɬɵ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɞɨ 3 ɦɦ,ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 25% ɨɬ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ; ɦɢɤɪɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɜɚɪɰ-ɫɥɸɞɹɧɵɟ ɫɥɚɧɰɵ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɞɨ 4 ɦɦ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 15%;
ɤɜɚɪɰɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɵɟ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɢɤɢ,ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɞɨ 2 ɦɦ,ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 15%;
ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɢ ɤɜɚɪɰɢɬɨɜ.Ɉɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɚɤɰɟɫɫɨɪɢɢ:ɷɩɢɞɨɬ ɢ ɪɨɝɨ-ɜɚɹ ɨɛɦɚɧɤɚ.Ʉɜɚɪɰ-ɠɟɥɟɡɢɫɬɨ-ɝɢɞɪɨɫɥɸɞɢɫɬɵɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɤɫ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ɩɪɟɞ-ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɫɦɟɫɶɸ ɡɺɪɟɧ ɤɜɚɪɰɚ ɪɟɞɤɢɯ ɦɟɥɶɱɚɣɲɢɯ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɨɜ ɯɚɥɰɟɞɨɧɚ ɢ ɫɥɚɧɰɟɜ. Ʉɜɚɪɰ ɜ ɦɚɬɪɢɤɫɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 70%. Ɇɚɬɪɢɤɫ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 10%.
ɐɟɦɟɧɬ ɩɨɪɨɜɵɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɢɫɬɵɣ ɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɢɫɬɨ-ɝɢɞɪɨɫɥɸɞɢɫɬɵɣ,ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 5–6% ɨɬ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ.
Ⱦɪɟɫɜɹɧɢɫɬɵɟ ɤɜɚɪɰ-ɫɢɥɢɰɢɬɨɥɢɬɨɜɵɟ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɢɤɢ (ɥɢɬɨɮɚɰɢɢ 2, 4, 5). ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ɪɚɡɧɨɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɚɹ. Ɍɟɤɫɬɭɪɚ ɯɚɨɬɢɱɧɚɹ. ȼ ɩɨɪɨɞɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ:ɯɚɥɰɟɞɨɧɨɥɢɬɵ,ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ 3,7 ɦɦ,ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 25%
ɨɬ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ; ɥɢɬɨɤɥɚɫɬɵ,ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɢɡ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɨɜ ɯɚɥɰɟɞɨɧɨɥɢɬɨɜ ɢ ɤɪɢ-ɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɤɜɚɪɰɚ,ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɦɟɧɟɟ 5%; ɨɩɚɥɨɥɢɬɵ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɞɨ 3 ɦɦ, ɫɨ-ɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 25–30%; ɥɢɬɨɤɥɚɫɬɵ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɢɤɨɜ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɞɨ 0,6 ɦɦ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 15%; ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɤɥɚɫɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɤɜɚɪɰɟɦ ɪɚɡɦɟ-ɪɨɦ ɞɨ 0.6 ɦɦ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 15–20%. ɐɟɦɟɧɬ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ɩɥɺɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ,ɪɟɞɤɨ ɩɨɪɨɜɨɝɨ,ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɠɟɥɟɡɢɫɬɨ-ɝɢɞɪɨɫɥɸɞɢɫɬɵɣ.
ɉɭɞɢɧɝɨɜɵɟ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɢɤɢ (ɥɢɬɨɮɚɰɢɹ 2) ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɹɬɧɢɫɬɨɣ ɬɟɤɫɬɭɪɨɣ ɢ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ. ȼ ɩɨɪɨɞɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɤɫ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜ-ɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɨɤɨɥɨ 60–65% ɨɬ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɥɢɬɨɤɥɚɫɬɵ. ȼ ɦɚɬɪɢɤɫɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ: ɤɜɚɪɰ (ɨɤɨɥɨ 70%), ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɨɬ 0,05 ɦɦ ɞɨ 0,5 ɦɦ; ɯɚɥ-ɰɟɞɨɧɨɥɢɬɵ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ 0,2 ɦɦ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɥɢɬɨɤɥɚɫɬɨɜ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢ-ɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɯɚɥɰɟɞɨɧɨɥɢɬɵ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɞɨ 1,8 ɫɦ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɞɨ 25–30% ɨɬ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ; ɨɩɚɥɨɥɢɬɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 5–8%. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɰɟɦɟɧɬ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ɠɟɥɟɡɢ-ɫɬɨ-ɝɢɞɪɨɫɥɸɞɢɫɬɵɣ.
ɉɨɥɢɦɢɤɬɨɜɵɟ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɢɤɢ ɫ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɧɵɦ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ (ɥɢɬɨɮɚɰɢɹ 1) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɨɪɨɞɚɦɢ ɫ ɝɪɭɛɨɨɛɥɨɦɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɧɤɨɫɥɨɢ-ɫɬɨɣ ɬɟɤɫɬɭɪɨɣ. Ɉɛɥɨɦɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɥɢɬɨɤɥɚɫɬɚɦɢ ɯɚɥɰɟɞɨɧɨɥɢɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɞɨ 1 ɦɦ; ɤɜɚɪɰɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɵɯ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɢɤɨɜ, ɪɚɡ-ɦɟɪɨɦ ɞɨ 0,8 ɦɦ, ɩɥɨɯɨ ɨɤɚɬɚɧɧɵɯ; ɤɜɚɪɰɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɵɦɢ ɚɥɟɜɪɨɥɢɬɚɦɢ, ɫɥɚɧɰɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɞɨ 0,7 ɦɦ; ɨɛɥɨɦɤɚɦɢ ɝɥɢɧ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɨɧɬɦɨɪɢɥɥɨɧɢɬɚ ɢ ɤɚɨɥɢɧɢɬɚ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɞɨ 0,7 ɦɦ; ɨɨɥɢɬɚɦɢ, ɪɚɡɦɟ-ɪɨɦ ɞɨ 0,2 ɦɦ;ɦɢɤɪɢɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɟɥɥɟɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɝɭɫɬɤɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɞɨ 1,3 ɦɦ;ɜɭɥɤɚɧɨɤɥɚɫɬɚɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ,ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɞɨ 1 ɦɦ, ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɨɤɚɬɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ; ɛɢɨɤɥɚɫɬɚɦɢ ɮɨɪɚɦɢɧɢɮɟɪ, ɛɪɚɯɢɨɩɨɞ, ɦɲɚɧɨɤ;
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɤɥɚɫɬɚɦɢ ɤɜɚɪɰɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɞɨ 0,55 ɦɦ,ɩɥɚɝɢɨɤɥɚɡɚ ɢ ɤɚɥɶɰɢ-ɬɚ.ɐɟɦɟɧɬ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ,ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɧɵɣ.
Ɍɨɧɤɨɩɟɫɱɚɧɢɫɬɵɣ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɣ ɚɥɟɜɪɨɥɢɬ (ɥɢɬɨɮɚɰɢɹ 1) ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɬɨɧɤɨɩɨɥɨɫɱɚɬɨɣ ɬɟɤɫɬɭɪɨɣ ɢ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɨ-ɚɥɟɜɪɢɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ. ɋɨɞɟɪ-ɠɚɧɢɟ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɥɨɣɤɚɯ ɨɬ 15% ɞɨ 65–70%. ɐɟɦɟɧɬ ɩɨɪɨ-ɜɵɣ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɣ (ɠɟɥɟɡɢɫɬɨ-ɝɢɞɪɨɫɥɸɞɢɫɬɵɣ).ȼ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɡɺɪɧɚ ɤɜɚɪɰɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ 0,06–0,08 ɦɦ,ɪɟɞɤɨ ɞɨ 0,1 ɦɦ,ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɭɞɥɢɧɺɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɡɨ-ɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɩɨɝɚɫɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ. Ʉɜɚɪɰ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 30–
80%. Ɉɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɡɺɪɧɚ ɷɩɢɞɨɬɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ 0,01 ɦɦ ɢ ɥɢɬɨɤɥɚ-ɫɬɵ ɹɲɦɨɢɞɨɜ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɜɚɬɨ-ɛɭɪɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɢ ɪɟɞɤɢɟ ɝɥɢɧɢɥɢɬɨɤɥɚ-ɫɬɵɟ ɨɩɚɥɨɥɢɬɵ (ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 3%). Ɉɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɥɢɫɬɨɱɤɢ ɛɢɨɬɢɬɚ ɢ ɪɭɞɧɵɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɵ.
ɉɚɥɟɨɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɢ ɫɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɚɡɹɦɫɤɨɣ ɫɜɢɬɵ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɬɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɚɥɟɨɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɯɟɦɚɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɟɺ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟ-ɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɟɨɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɜɫɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɺ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ.
Ƚ.Ⱥ.Ɇɢɡɟɧɫɨɦ [1, 2] ɛɵɥɚ ɫ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ ɪɚɫ-ɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɭɫɚ ɜɵɧɨɫɚ. ɋɬɨɥɶ ɝɪɭɛɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɦ ɩɨ-ɦɟɳɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɭɫɚ ɜɵɧɨɫɚ,ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɮɚɰɢɣ ɝɥɭɛɨ-ɤɨɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɶɨɧɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɭ ɩɨɞɧɨ-ɠɶɹ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ ɉɪɟɞɭɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɢɛɚ, ɩɟɪɟɞ ɮɪɨɧɬɨɦ ɧɚɫɬɭ-ɩɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɚ.Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ,ɤɚɤ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɟɬ ɢ ɫɚɦ ɚɜɬɨɪ,ɜ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪ-ɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɟɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɚɛɨɫɬɢ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,ɬɪɭɞɧɨɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɫ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɥɳɢ ɞɪɟɫɜɹɧɢɤɨɜ,ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɩɨɬɨ-ɤɨɜ ɜ ɩɚɱɤɚɯ ɤɨɧɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɧɨɟ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ-ɫɥɨɢɫɬɨɟ ɪɚɫ-ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɬɨɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɚɡɹɦɫɤɨɣ ɫɜɢɬɵ (ɥɢɬɨɮɚɰɢɹ 4),ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɢ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɝɢɩɫɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ. ɂɫɯɨ-ɞɹ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɦɨ-ɞɟɥɶ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɥɳ ɚɡɹɦɫɤɨɣ ɫɜɢɬɵ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɦɨ-ɞɟɥɶɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɝɨɪɧɨɦ ɲɟɥɶɮɟ ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɚ. Ɇɵ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ: 1) ɜ ɬɨɥɳɚɯ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɰɟ -ɦɟɧɬɚ,ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɺɧɧɵɣ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ ɫɜɢɬɵ (ɥɢɬɨɮɚɰɢɹ 1 ɢ ɪɟɞɤɨ 2), ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ, ɜɵɩɨɥ-ɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɢɛ,ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɨ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɜ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ; 2) ɦɨ-ɞɟɥɶ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɰɜɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɪɨɞ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ; 3) ɦɨɳɧɵɟ ɬɨɥɳɢ ɞɪɟɫɜɹɧɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ-ɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɫɧɨɫɚ ɤɨɥɥɸɜɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɟɥɸɜɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫ ɩɨɞɧɨɠɶɹ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɝɨɪ; 4) ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɞɟ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɛɪɟ-ɡɹɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɫɜɢɬɵ (Ɍɪɭɫɚɤɚɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɝɪɹɞɚ), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦɚ ɮɚɰɢɚɥɶ -ɧɨ ɫ ɚɡɹɦɫɤɨɣ [6 ɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜ.ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ]ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɮɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɥɤɨɜɨɞɧɨ-ɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɟɣ ɞɟɥɶɬɵ.
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɧɨɫɚ,ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ,ɞɥɹ ɜɚɥɭɧɨɜ ɤɜɚɪɰɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɟɫ-ɱɚɧɢɤɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɬɨɥɳɢ ɡɢɥɶɦɟɪɞɚɤɫɤɨɣ ɫɜɢɬɵ ɪɢɮɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɜɚɪɰɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɵɦɢ,ɤɜɚɪɰɟɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɚɪɤɨɡɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɢ-ɤɚɦɢ, ɤɨɧɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɝɪɚɜɟɥɢɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɫɥɨɹɦɢ ɚɪ-ɝɢɥɥɢɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɥɚɧɰɟɜ, Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɚɯ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɫɜɢɬ,ɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɦɟɬɚ-ɦɨɪɮɢɡɦɚ.ɇɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɟ -ɨɥɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɜɚɥɭɧɨɜ ɤɜɚɪɰɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɢɤɨɜ ɚɡɹɦɫɤɨɣ ɫɜɢɬɵ ɫ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɡɢɥɶɦɟɪɞɚɤɫɤɨɣ ɫɜɢɬɵ ɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯ-ɧɨɫɬɶ.ɇɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ,ɱɬɨ ɫɜɨɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɫɧɨɫ ɜɧɨɫɢɥɢ,ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ,ɫɬɨɥɶ ɩɨɯɨɠɢɟ,ɚ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ-ɧɵɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɬɵ ɚɣɫɤɨɣ ɫɜɢɬɵ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɪɢɮɟɹ ɢ ɬɚɤɚɬɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɢɤɢ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɞɟɜɨɧɚ.ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɧɨɫɚ ɞɥɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɨɜ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɨɬɥɨ-ɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɬɨɥɳ ɨɪɞɨɜɢɤɚ,ɫɢɥɭɪɚ ɢ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɞɟɜɨɧɚ,ɬɢɩɚ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɦɚɹɤɬɚɭɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɥɥɨɯɬɨɧɚ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1.Ɇɢɡɟɧɫ Ƚ.Ⱥ.ȼɟɪɯɧɟɩɚɥɟɨɡɨɣɫɤɢɣ ɮɥɢɲ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɍɪɚɥɚ ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ:ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, 1997. 231 ɫ.
2.Ɇɢɡɟɧɫ Ƚ.Ⱥ. ɋɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɵ ɢ ɝɟɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɦ ɞɟɜɨɧɟ – ɪɚɧɧɟɣ ɩɟɪɦɢ ɸɝɚ ɍɪɚɥɚ.ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ:ɂȽȽ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, 2002. 191 ɫ. 3.Ɇɭɫɬɚɮɢɧ ɒ.Ⱥ.Ⱥɡɹɦɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɪɮɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɍɮɢɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɦɮɢɬɟɚɬɪɚ // Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ.
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɤ ɨ Ɂɟɦɥɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ Ⱥɇ ɊȻ. 2010. ʋ 15. ɋ. 140–147.
4.Ʉɪɚɭɡɟ ɋ.ɇ. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɍɮɢɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɦ-ɮɢɬɟɚɬɪɚ ɜ ɩɚɥɟɨɡɨɟ // ȼɨɩɪ.ɝɟɨɥ.ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɚɢɧɵ Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɘɠɧɨ -ɝɨ ɍɪɚɥɚ.ɍɮɚ. 1971. ȼɵɩ. 14. ɋ. 14–28.
5.Ʉɚɦɚɥɟɬɞɢɧɨɜ Ɇ.Ⱥ.ɉɨɤɪɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɍɪɚɥɚ.Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1974. 231 ɫ. 6.Ɂɚɫɹɞɱɭɤ ɂ.Ɇ., Ʉɚɦɚɥɟɬɞɢɧɨɜ Ɇ.Ⱥ.ɢ ɞɪ.Ɉ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɚɡɹɦɫɤɨɣ ɫɜɢɬɵ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɍɪɚɥɚ // ȼɨɩɪ.ɝɟɨɥ.ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɚɢɧɵ Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɘɠɧɨɝɨ ɍɪɚɥɚ.ɍɮɚ.
1963.ȼɵɩ. 8. ɋ. 79–82.