ISO/ITU ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ
1 2 ISO 9595 / X.710 Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
(Common Management Information Services, CMIS).
ISO 9596-1 / X.711 Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
(Common Management Information Protocols, CMIP).
ISO 10040 Ɉɛɡɨɪ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ
(Systems Management Overview, SMO).
ISO 10164 ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ (Systems Management)
ISO 10165 ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (Structure of Management Information) ISO 10165-1 ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
(Management Information Model) ISO 10165-2 Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
(Definition of Management Information).
ISO 10165-4 Ɉɛɳɟɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
(Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects)
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ, ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ Ɋɟɤ. ɆɋɗɌ X.290 (ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ISO/IEC 9646), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɫ-ɧɨɜɚ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɨɜ ɫɬɚɧ-ɞɚɪɬɚɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ȼɈɋ. ɉɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ-ɫɹ: ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ, ɬɢɩɨɜɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬ-ɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɨɜ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ ȼɈɋ, ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬ-ɜɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɫɪɟɞɫɬ-ɜɚɧɢɢ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɦ-ɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɬɟɫɬɨɜ,ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɣ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɟɞɢɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɡɚɞɚ-ɱɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ.
ȼ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ Ɇɋɗ-Ɍ X.700 (ɚɧɚɥɨɝ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ISO/IEC 7498-4), ɨɫ-ɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ ɫɟɦɢɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ȼɈɋ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ (functional areas):
x ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɨɬɤɚɡɨɜ (fault management).
x ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɟɣ (configuration management).
x ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɦɢ ɡɚ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ (accounting management).
x ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ / ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɟ-ɬɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ (performance management).
x ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ (security management).
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɜ ɞɚɧ-ɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɦɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ-ɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɚɛɛɪɟɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ FCAPS ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨ-ɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɛɚɡɨɜɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ-ɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɥɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ Ɍɍ ɧɚ ɨɫ-ɧɨɜɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ (ɢ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ) ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪ-ɫɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɟɣ (configuration management). Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɨɥɶɡɨ-ɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɯ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ (systems management function, SMF). ɂɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, SMF ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨ-ɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ SMF ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ,ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ȼɈɋ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȼɈɋ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɭɱɺɬɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ «ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɟɣ» ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ.
ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɟɣ (configuration management) ɨɛɟɫ-ɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ, ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ (ɡɚɩɭɫɤ) ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨ-ɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɩɭɫɤɨ-ɧɚɥɚɞɤɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɭ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨɛ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɨɛɨɪɭ-ɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɭ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɫɟɬɢ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠ-ɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɢɡɦɟɧɟ-ɧɢɹɯ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ:
x ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ (ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ) ɧɚɞ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ;
x ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɫɟɬɢ;
x ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ, ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɢ ɜɡɚɢ-ɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ;
x ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɟɬɢ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ (ɚɧɚɥɨɝ time management);
x ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜɨɫ-ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ SMF, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ – ɷɬɨ ɫɨɨɛ-ɳɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ɋɟɤ. Ɇɋɗ-Ɍ X.734; ɠɭɪɧɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬ-ɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ (logging) ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ɋɟɤ. Ɇɋɗ-Ɍ X.735; ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ɋɟɤ. Ɇɋɗ-Ɍ X.731; ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ɋɟɤ. Ɇɋɗ-Ɍ X.732; ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɟɬɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ɋɟɤ. Ɇɋɗ-Ɍ X.746; ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟ-ɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ (time management) ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ɋɟɤ. Ɇɋɗ-Ɍ X.743; ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ (software distribution) ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ɋɟɤ. Ɇɋɗ-Ɍ X.744;
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ (shared management knowledge) ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ɋɟɤ. Ɇɋɗ-Ɍ X.750.
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɦɢ (event management function) ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ɋɟɤ. Ɇɋɗ-Ɍ X.734, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨ-ɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɯ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ ɨɛ ɚɜɚ-ɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ, ɨ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɢɡɜɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟ-ɦɵ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. ȼɫɟ ɛɟɡ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɤ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭ, ɨɬ-ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɡɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɬɶɸ, ɚ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɫɟɪɶɺɡɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚ-ɬɨɪɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ.
ȼ Ɋɟɤ. Ɇɋɗ-Ɍ X.734 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɯ. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɫɨɛɵɬɢ-ɹɯ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɵ ɩɟɪɟɫɵɥɤɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ (Event-Forwarding Discriminators, EFD). ɗɬɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɤɨ-ɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ (ɤɜɚɧɬɚ) ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ – ɫ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɞ-ɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɫɨɛɵ-ɬɢɹɯ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ. Ⱦɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵ-ɜɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɹɯ. ɗɬɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɜ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɨ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ (ɚɪɯɢɜ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ), ɬ.ɟ. ɜ log-ɮɚɣɥ (ɮɚɣɥ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ).
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɢɥɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ (log control function) ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ɋɟɤ. Ɇɋɗ-Ɍ X.735 ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛ ɟɺ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɛ-ɳɟɧɢɣ ɨɛ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ-ɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɹ ɫɜɟ-ɞɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɯ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ-ɥɢɱɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɯ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ. ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ log-ɮɚɣɥɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɞ-ɲɢɯ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɯ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɫɬɨɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɡɚɩɪɨɫɵ,ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɢɟ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ-ɥɢɱɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ log-ɮɚɣɥɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɢɫɟɣ.
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ɋɟɤ. Ɇɋɗ-Ɍ X.731 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɮɭɧɤ-ɰɢɟɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ (state management function), ɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɦɟɯɚ-ɧɢɡɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ-ɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɺɬɚ.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹ-ɧɢɹɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɺɬɚ:
x Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ (operability), ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɱɺɬɚ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛ-ɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ: ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ (enabled) ɢ ɡɚ-ɩɪɟɬ (disabled) ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ.
x ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ (usage), ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ-ɟɬ, ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɞ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɡɜɨ-ɥɹɟɬ ɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. ɋ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ: ɫɜɨɛɨɞɟɧ (idle), ɚɤɬɢ-ɜɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧ/ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧ (active), ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ (busy).
x Ⱥɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫ-ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɮɚɡɵ: ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ ɡɚɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧ (locked), ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɞɨɫ-ɬɭɩɧɵ (unlocked), ɪɟɠɢɦ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ (shutting down).
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ, ɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ. Ʉ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɨɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɜɹɡɢ.
Ʉɚɠɞɨɟ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɤɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɝɥɚɜɟ 1, ɜɵ-ɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɵ. Ⱥɬɪɢɛɭɬɵ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɚɞɦɢ-ɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ȺɋɌɍɉ. ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɺɬɚ ɫɟɬɟ-ɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɭɱɺɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɫ-ɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ. ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ/ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɭɱɺɬɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɢ (ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ) ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɚ. ɐɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜ ȺɋɌɍɉ ɮɭɧɤ-ɰɢɹ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ/ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɺɬɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚ-ɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ. ɋ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɝɥɚɜɟ 1 ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ȺɋɌɍɉ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚ-ɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɭɱɺɬɚ ɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɨɛ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɭɱɺɬɚ (ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ) ɜ ȺɋɌɍɉ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ, ɧɨ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶ-ɧɵɦ.
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ (relationship management function) ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ɋɟɤ. Ɇɋɗ-Ɍ X.732 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦɢ ɭɱɺɬɚ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɬɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟ-ɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɩɨɫɵɥɚɟɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ, ɚ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɷɬɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ.
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ, ɫ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ, ɪɚɫ-ɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ȼɈɋ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ȺɋɌɍɉ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ. ɋ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ Ɋɟɤ. Ɇɋɗ-Ɍ X.721, ɩɪɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɺɬɚ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɫɦ.ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ 2.3):
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.3 – Ʉɥɚɫɫɵ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɱɺɬɚ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ISO