Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜ-ɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɸ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭ-ɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɤ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ Ɇɋɗ-Ɍ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ TMN ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ Ɏɨɪɭɦɚ ɩɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɬɟɥɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ (Telecommunication Management Forum, TeleManagement Forum).
2.2 ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ TMN
2.2.1 Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɹɡɶɸ TMN
Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ Telecommunication Management Network, TMN ɜɜɟɞɟɧ Ɇɋɗ-Ɍ ɫ 1992 ɝ. ɢ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ «ɋɟɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɹɡɶɸ», ɋɍɗɋ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟ-ɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ TMN ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɜ Ɋɟɤ. Ɇɋɗ-Ɍ M.3010 [151]. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ɋɟɤ.
ɆɋɗɌ M.3010, TMN ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɶɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɚ ɫ ɫɟɬɶɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɹɡɢ. Ⱥɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɢ TMN ɨɛɟɫɩɟ-ɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ, ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚ-ɬɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɤɨ-ɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɮɢɪɦɚɦɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɪ-ɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɟɬɢ TMN ɢɥɢ ɋɍɗɋ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.1.
Ⱥɛɨɧɟɧɬ Ⱥ Ⱥɛɨɧɟɧɬ Ȼ
ɋɟɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
Ɋɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ
TMN Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ 1
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ 2
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ N
Ʉ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ TMN
ɋɟɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɹɡɢ TMN
S D H
S D H ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɢ
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɢ ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ
...
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ TMN ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɢɥɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨ-ɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɗȼɆ, ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫ ɩɨ-ɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ DCN. ɇɚ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚɯ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɶ-ɸɬɟɪɚɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ (ɉɈ):
x ɉɈ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ;
x ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɡɚɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ (ɋɍȻȾ);
x ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ OS;
x ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɟɬɹɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɹɡɢ;
x ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ.
ɋɟɬɶ TMN ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɞɥɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜ-ɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɫɜɹɡɢ.
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɢ TMN ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚ-ɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɝɥɚɜɟ 1. ɋɟɬɟɜɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɭ (ɫɬɚɬɢɜɵ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ, ɦɨɞɭɥɢ) ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɸ ɨɛɴ-ɟɤɬɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ TMN ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɺɬɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ.
ɋɟɬɶ TMN ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɭ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɩɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɟɬɹ-ɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɹɡɢ (management service). ɍɫɥɭɝɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟ TMN ɞɥɹ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɟɬɹɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ. ɍɫɥɭɝɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ TMN ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɪɢɱɺɦ ɫɚɦɚɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɚɹ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (management function). TMN ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɭ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɲɢ-ɪɨɤɢɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ (ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ) ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɥɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɟ-ɬɹɦɢ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɹɡɢ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ ɨɛɦɟɧ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɦɟɧ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɞɚɱɭ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟ-ɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ, ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜɵ-ɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ.
ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ TMN ɩɪɢɡɧɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɹ «ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ», ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤ-ɬɚɦɢ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ «ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ». ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɨɣ (logical
layered architecture, LLA) TMN. ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɩɨɦɢ-ɧɚɟɦɵɦ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ TMN. ȼɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ 1992 ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɤ Ɋɟɤ. Ɇɋɗ-Ɍ M.3010. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɟɪɟɲɥɨ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɜɟɪ-ɫɢɢ 1996 ɝɨɞɚ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɜɟɪɜɟɪ-ɫɢɢ 2000 ɝ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɷɬɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɩɨɞ-ɪɨɛɧɟɟ.
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ (network element layer, NEL). ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ – ɷɬɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦ-ɦɨɣ-ɚɝɟɧɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚ-ɛɨɬɤɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟ-ɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɟɬɢ.
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ (element manager layer, EML). ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ NEL. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ EML ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɨ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɡɚɜɢ-ɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ. Cɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ «ɫɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ» ɢ «ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ» ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɟ-ɜɵɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ TMN. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ:
x ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɢ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɟɥɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ;
x ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ;
x ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨ-ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ;
x ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɬɟ-ɩɟɧɶ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ/ɩɪɢɟɦɚ; ɞɥɢɧɚ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɢ, ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɬɚɯ ɜɜɨɞɚ/ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.;
x ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨ-ɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ;
x ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɶɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɹɡɢ (network management layer, NML). ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɶɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɧɨɝɢɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ/ɬɢɩɚɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɶɸ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ «ɧɟɜɢɞɢɦɚ»,ɷɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɛɭɮɟɪɚ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣ-ɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ/ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ NML.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ,ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɶɸ:
x ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɫɟɬɢ (ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɟɬɢ);
x ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɯɨɞɧɵɯ|ɪɟɡɟɪɜɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ QoS ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ;
x ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ;
x ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ;
x ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫ-ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ;
x ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ.
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ NML ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɩɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟ-ɧɢɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ɗɬɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɫ-ɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɶɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨ-ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɚ ɫɟɬɢ, ɚ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɟɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨ-ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ EML.
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ (service management layer, SML). ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ (ɫɟɪɜɢɫɚɦɢ) ɫɜɹɡɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤɚɫɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɫɜɹɡɢ.
ɗɬɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɵ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ, ɚɛɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬ-ɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɚɣɞɟɪɵ ɭɫɥɭɝ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ ɨɫɭɳɟ-ɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟ-ɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɶɸ; ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ «ɧɟ ɜɢɞɢɬ» ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɸɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɫɟɬɢ. Ɇɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ, ȺɌɋɗ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟ-ɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ:
x ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɫɜɹɡɢ (ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ , ɩɨɬɟɪɢ, ɢ ɬ.ɞ.);
x ɭɱɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɫɜɹɡɢ;
x ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ (ɚɛɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ);
x ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɚɞɪɟɫɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ, ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨ-ɪɨɜ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ;
x ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩ IP–ɚɞɪɟɫɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɢ-ɦɟɪ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɧɚɩɪɢ-ɦɟɪɨɜ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ.
Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɚɞɨɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ TMN ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɟɬɹɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ.
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɨɦ (business management layer, BML).
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɨɦ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟɦ – ɨɩɟ-ɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. ɗɬɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɶɸ – ɷɬɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɨɦ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɨɦ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɰɟɥɟɜɭɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ, ɧɟɠɟɥɢ ɤɚɤ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɢ. ɉɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟ-ɧɢɟ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɨɦ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɟɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɹɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ (ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɚɦɢ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ-ɬɨɤɚɦɢ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ/ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ), ɧɟɠɟɥɢ ɫ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɟ-ɬɶɸ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ TMN ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɛɢɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (management system, MS), ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ɋ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ TMN, ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɺɬɚ ɢ ɩɚɫɩɨɪ-ɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɶɸ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɭɱɺɬɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ. Ⱦɟɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ-ɧɨɫɬɶ TMN ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɟɣ (configuration management).
2.2.2 ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɜ TMN
Ɇɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ TMN ɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɆɋɗɌ M.3200. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɯ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɆɋɗɌ M.32xx ɞɥɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢ ɫɥɭɠɛ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɍɫɥɭɝɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ TMN ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɟɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɡ-ɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ, ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ȼɚɡɨɜɨɟ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ TMN, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɦɢɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ȼɈɋ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɆɋɗɌ M.3400.
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɬɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛ-ɥɚɫɬɶɸ. ɗɬɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ-ɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɫɜɨɺ ɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɨɛɡɨɪ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ TMN ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɜ Ɋɟɤ. ɆɋɗɌ M.3200. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹ M.3200 ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɭɩɪɚɜ-ɥɟɧɢɹ ɬ.ɧ. ɲɚɛɥɨɧ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɲɚɛɥɨɧɭ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɭɫɥɭɝɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɨ ɧɢɠɟɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ 2.5 ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ Ɋɟɤ.Ɇɋɗ-Ɍ Ɇ.3200, 1997 ɝ.).