ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ ɢ Ʉɚɜɤɚɡɚ
ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɟ, ɜɧɟɞɪɹɸɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ ɢ Ʉɚɜɤɚɡɚ ɩɨ-ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɧɵɯ ɞɨɦɨɜ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɩɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɪɝɚ-ɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ȿɋ.
ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ ɢ Ʉɚɜɤɚɡɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɧɨɜɨɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɚɤɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɪ.
ȼ Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɉɊɈɈɇ/ȽɗɎ ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɞɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶ-ɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶ-ɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɢɧɹɬ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɨɦ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɠɢɥɢɳɧɨ-ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɤɨɣ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛ-ɥɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɟ 2009 ɝɨɞɚ ɢ ɜɫɬɭɩɢɥ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ 1 ɹɧɜɚɪɹ 2010 ɝɨɞɚ. Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨ-ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɤɚɬɟ-ɝɨɪɢɹ ɞɨɦɚ ɢ ɷɬɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɞɨɦɨɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɷɧɟɪ-ɝɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ 30−40 ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ37.
ȼ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɟ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɉɊɈɈɇ/ȽɗɎ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɤ ɞɟɜɹɬɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ38. ɗɬɢ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɢ (ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɢ-ɥɚ) ɛɵɥɢ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɵ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɨɦ ɩɨ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ ɢ ɧɟɦɟɞ-ɥɟɧɧɨ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ. ɗɬɢ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɬɪɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɷɧɟɪ-ɝɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɟɟ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɟ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɵɟ ɤ ɠɢɥɵɦ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɞɚɧɢɹɦ, ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ, ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɷɧɟɪ-ɝɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɧɚ 25 ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ. ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɲɤɨɥɚɦ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦ, ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛ-ɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɧɚ 50 ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɭɸ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɸ ɷɬɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ:
ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ-ɰɢɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɸɳɢɯ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɨɜ
ɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɭ ɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɟ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɤɥɸ-ɱɚɹ ɠɢɥɢɳɧɵɣ ɫɟɤɬɨɪ. Ɂɚɤɨɧ No. 412-I: "Ɉɛ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ" 1997 ɝɨɞɚ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪɟ.
37 ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɛ-ɫɚɣɬɟ
http://www.undp.kg/en/component/resource/article/1-projects/895-energy-efficiency-in-buildings
38 ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɛ-ɫɚɣɬɟ http://www.undp.uz/en/projects/project.php?id=155
Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɦɟɪ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɯ ɞɨɦɨɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɦ ɠɢɥɶɹ. Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɧɵɯ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɞɨɦɚɯ.
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɚɤɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɯɨɬɹ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ , ɩɪɹɦɨ ɧɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ. Ʉ ɧɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɪɚɦɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɫɦɟɠɧɨɟ ɠɢɥɢɳɧɨɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɧɨɜɵɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɠɢɥɵɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɢɡɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɚɤɬɵ, ɤɚɤ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɠɢɥɢɳɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ. Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɠɢɥɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɜ
39 ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɛ-ɫɚɣɬɟ
http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/where/neighbourhood/country-cooperation/azerbaijan/azerbaijan_en.htm
40 ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ (ɂɇɈȽȿɃɌ) – ɉɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ (ɋȿɆɂɁȿ)
41 ɂɇɈȽȿɃɌ, 2013 ɝɨɞ
42 Rukhadze 2012
ɦɧɨɝɨɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɧɵɯ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɞɨɦɚɯ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɠɢɥɢɳɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɧɵɦɢ ɠɢɥɵɦɢ ɞɨɦɚɦɢ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ, ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɧɵɯ ɞɨɦɚɯ. Ɂɚɤɨɧɵ ɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɯ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ Ƚɥɚɜɟ VI. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɨɥɹ.
ȼ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɧɵɦɢ ɠɢɥɵɦɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɹɦɢ. ȼɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɞɚɸɬ ɠɢɥɶɟ ɜ ɚɪɟɧɞɭ: ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ (Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ), ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɥɢɳɧɵɯ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɨɜ (Ⱦɚɧɢɹ), ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɨɜ (ɇɨɪɜɟɝɢɹ ɢ ɒɜɟɰɢɹ), ɠɢɥɢɳɧɵɟ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ (ɇɢɞɟɪɥɚɧɞɵ ɢ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɟ Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɨ). Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɟɥɢɤɢ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɵɫɹɱɢ ɞɨɦɨɜ.
Ʉ ɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ, ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɢɬɟɬɨɜ (ɤɚɤ ɜ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɢɢ) ɢɥɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ (ɤɚɤ ɜ ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɢ).
ȼ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɤɨɧɞɨɦɢɧɢɭɦɨɜ. ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɷɬɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ ɠɢɥɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɚɯ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɥɢɰɚɦ, ɚ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɧɟɞɜɢɠɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɠɢɥɶɹ. ɗɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɚ ɜɨ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɢ, Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɢ, Ƚɪɟɰɢɢ, ɂɬɚɥɢɢ ɢ ɂɫɩɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɪɟɠɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ Ⱥɧɝɥɢɢ ɢ ɍɷɥɶɫɟ (ɜ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɦ Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɟ) ɢ ɒɜɟɰɢɢ
43.
ȼ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɜɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɟ ɠɢɥɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ. ȼ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɢɢ, ɇɢɞɟɪɥɚɧɞɚɯ, ɇɨɪɜɟɝɢɢ ɢ ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɫɨɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɭ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɷɬɨɣ ɞɨɥɟɣ ɨɧ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɠɢɥɵɦ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɧɨɦ ɞɨɦɟ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɠɢɥɶɹ
44.
ȼ Ɏɢɧɥɹɧɞɢɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɟɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɡɟɦɥɢ) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɠɢɥɢɳɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ʉɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɫɨɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɭ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ, ɢ ɷɬɚ ɞɨɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɠɢɥɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɨɦɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ. ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɠɢɥɢɳɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɛɥɢɡɤɨ ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ , ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɭɸ ɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɚɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹɯ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ (ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɹ ɚɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɨɜ, ɫɨɜɟɬ ɞɨɦɚ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɢ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɵ)
45.
ɂɬɚɤ, ɜ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ ɠɢɥɵɟ ɞɨɦɚ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɥɢɛɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɭ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɢɬɟɬɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦɭ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɥɢɰɨ, ɢɥɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɠɢɥɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɦɧɨɝɢɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɚɦ, ɤɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɯ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ
43 Lujanen 2010
44 Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ
45 Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɫɹ ɡɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦɢ ɫɬɟɧɚɦɢ ɠɢɥɢɳ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɠɢɥɶɹ
46.
ȼ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ ɢ ɛɚɥɬɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɱɚɫɬɧɚɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɵ (ɯɨɬɹ ɜ ɑɟɲɫɤɨɣ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ ɢ ɉɨɥɶɲɟ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɵ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ). ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɥɨ ɱɟɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ, Ʉɚɜɤɚɡɚ ɢ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ. ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɟɬ ɪɵɧɤɨɜ ɚɪɟɧɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɠɢɥɶɹ. Ɉɛɢɥɢɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɠɢɥɶɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɲɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɸ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɨɛ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɧɵɯ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɞɨɦɚɯ.
1. ɉɪɚɜɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɠɢɥɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɧɵɯ ɞɨɦɚɯ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɛɸɪɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ 1980-ɯ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ
1990-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɢ Ȼɚɥɬɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɠɢɥɢɳɧɵɣ
ɮɨɧɞ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɢɬɟɬɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ. ȼɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɜɚɭɱɟɪɵ ɡɚ ɜɵɫɥɭɝɭ ɥɟɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɥɚɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɩɪɚɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɠɢɥɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ.
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɠɢɥɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɠɢɥɶɹ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɧɟ ɯɜɚɬɢɥɨ ɛɵ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɠɢɥɶɹ (ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ "ɧɢɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɚ"). ɉɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɠɢɥɶɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɯ ɛɵɜɲɟɝɨ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ (ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ) ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɚ (95−98 ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ).
Ɂɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɬɢɬɭɥ ɠɢɥɶɹ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɟɜɭɸ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɧɵɯ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɞɨɦɨɜ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜ ɗɫɬɨɧɢɢ, ȼɟɧɝɪɢɢ, Ʌɚɬɜɢɢ ɢ ɋɥɨɜɚɤɢɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɧɵɟ ɞɨɦɚ ɫ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɚɞɚɫɬɪɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɞɚɫɬɪɚɯ ɧɟɞɜɢɠɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɠɢɥɶɹ ɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɧɵɯ ɞɨɦɚɯ. ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɢɬɟɬɵ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɠɢɥɵɦɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɹɦɢ ɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɞ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɦɚɦɢ. ȼ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ-ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
2. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɦɚ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɠɢɥɶɹ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɢ ɛɚɥɬɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɨ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɠɢɥɢɳɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɬɢɬɭɥ ɧɚ ɠɢɥɨɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɭ (ɛɵɜɲɟɦɭ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɨɫɴɟɦɳɢɤɭ) ɨɬ ɛɵɜɲɟɝɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɚ
(ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɢɬɟɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ) ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɡɞɚɧɢɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɦɨɧɬ .
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɞɨɦɨɜ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɚɦ, ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶɫɹ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɚɦ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɞɨɦɨɜ,
46 Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ