雑誌名 静岡大学教育研究

中国語zijiと日本語「自分」の阻止効果

著者 ? 勇

雑誌名 静岡大学教育研究

巻 15

ページ 61‑73

発行年 2019‑03‑13

出版者 静岡大学大学教育センター

URL http://doi.org/10.14945/00026333

୰ᅜㄒ

ziji

⩪㻌 ຬ䠄㟼ᒸ኱Ꮫ㻌 ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱䝉䞁䝍䞊䠅㻌

䛿䛨䜑䛻 㻌

㻌

Chomsky(1981)䛜ᥦ᱌䛥䜜䛯᮰⦡ཎ⌮(1)䛿ᬑ㐢ᩥἲ䜢ᵓᡂ䛩䜛ୗ఩⌮ㄽ䛾୍䛴䛷䛒䜛䚹↷ᛂᙧ(anaphor)䚸

௦ྡモ㢮(pronominal)䚸䛚䜘䜃䛭䜜௨እ䛾ྡモྃ䛷䛒䜛ᣦ♧⾲⌧(R-expressing)䛻㛵䛧䛶䚸䛹䛾㡿ᇦ䛻ඛ⾜

モ䛜䛒䜛䜉䛝䛛䜢つᐃ䛩䜛䚹䠄ཎཱྀ䞉୰ᮧ 1996: 55䠅

(1)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(2) a. John said that [Tom i criticized himself i ].

b. John i said that [Tom criticized him i ].

c. John said that [Tom criticized Mary].

[Tom criticized

himself

Tom

John

him

Tom

John

Mary

୰ᅜㄒ“⮬ᕫ

ziji”

A

୺䛻ⱥㄒ䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛶䛔䜛ศᯒ䛷䛒䜛䚹Chomsky 䛿᮰⦡ཎ⌮䛜ᬑ㐢ᩥἲ䛷䛒䜚䚸䛩䜉䛶䛾ゝㄒ䛻㐺⏝䛩䜛䛸⪃

䛘䛶䛔䜛䚹 䛧䛛䛧䚸(3)䛸(4)䛷♧䛧䛯䜘䛖䛻䚸୰ᅜㄒ

ziji

Chomsky

A

(3) ᕐй i 㿹ᗇ [ ᵾഋ j ሩ 㠚ᐡ i/j ⋑ؑᗳ]DŽ

(4)

i

[

j

i/j

(3)୰ᅜㄒ䛾“⮬ᕫ ziji”䚸(4)᪥ᮏㄒ䛾䛂⮬ศ䛃䛿⿵ᩥ䛾୺ㄒ䛂ᮤᅄ䛃䚸୺⠇䛾୺ㄒ䛂ᙇ୕䛃䛾䛔䛪䜜䜒ඛ⾜モ䛸ゎ

㔘䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䚹㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡䛻䛴䛔䛶䚸୰ᅜㄒ䛷䛿ே⛠䛾␗䛺䜛ྡモྃ䛜௓ᅾ䛩䜛䛸↷ᛂᙧ“⮬ᕫ

ziji”䛾㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡䛜㜼Ṇ䛥䜜䚸ᒁᡤⓗ᮰⦡䛾䜏䛜チ䛥䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖⌧㇟䠄㜼Ṇຠᯝ: the blocking effect䠅䛜Ꮡᅾ

1

ே⛠䛺䛔䛧

2

ziji”䛾୺⠇୺ㄒ䛻䜘䜛᮰⦡䛜㜼Ṇ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹୍᪉䚸(6)䛾᪥ᮏㄒ䛷䛿䚸

ㄽᩥ

䛶䛔䛺䛔䚹

(5) ᕐй i 㿹ᗇ [ ᡁ/֐ j ሩ 㠚ᐡ *i/j ⋑ؑᗳ]DŽ

(6)

i

[

j

i/j

ᮏㄽᩥ䛾➨䠍⠇䛷䛿䚸୰ᅜㄒ

ziji

ziji

⌮ㄽ䛾ၥ㢟Ⅼ䜢㏙䜉䜛䚹➨

2

3

ᅜㄒ

ziji

4

ziji

㸯 ୰ᅜㄒ ziji ࡢ㜼Ṇຠᯝ

1.1

ziji

Huang (1984)䛿୰ᅜㄒ ziji

䛳䛶䛝䛯(Tang 1989, Huang and Tang 1991, Pan 1997,2001)䚹ඛ⾜◊✲䜢䜎䛸䜑䜛䛸䚸୰ᅜㄒ

ziji

ᯝ䛿௨ୗ䛾஬䛴䛾≉ᚩ䜢ᣢ䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹

(i)

3

1䞉2

⛠௦ྡモ䛾㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡䛜㜼Ṇ䛷䛝䛺䛔䚹(Pan 1997, 2001)

(7) ᮤᅄ i ୙႐⅒ ᡃ j ⟶ ⮬ᕫ *i/j ⓗ ஦ࠋ

ᮤᅄ䛿⚾䛜⮬ศ䛾䛣䛸䜢⟶⌮䛩䜛䛾䛜䛩䛝䛷䛿䛺䛔䚹㻌

(8) ᡃ i ୙႐⅒ ᮤᅄ j ⟶ ⮬ᕫ i/j ⓗ ஦ࠋ

⚾䛿ᮤᅄ䛜⮬ศ䛾䛣䛸䜢⟶⌮䛩䜛䛾䛜䛩䛝䛷䛿䛺䛔䚹㻌

(䠓)䛾 1

3

3

1

㻔㼕㼕㻕 ୰ᅜㄒ

ziji

ziji

㻌

(9) ᕐй i 䇔Ѫ [ᡁ j Ⲵ ᆖ⭏] k ௌ⅒ 㠚ᐡ *i/*j/k DŽ

㻌

㻌

1

㞳᮰⦡䇾ᕐй䇿䛜㜼Ṇ䛥䜜䛯䚹(9)䛾䜘䛖䛺ᩥ䛿ḟ⤫ᚚ᮰⦡(subcommand)䛸࿧䜀䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹

(iii)

3

(10) ᕐй i 䈤 Ԇ j Ⅺ僇Ҷ 㠚ᐡ *i/j DŽ

㻌

Huang and Tang (1991)䛿ᣦ♧ᛶ⏝ἲ䛷䛒䜛 3

ziji

䛧䛛䛧䚸䛣䜜䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䇾Ԇ䇿䛜

ziji

(iv)

ziji

1991)

(11) ᕐй 䇔Ѫ ᵾഋ ⸕䚃 ⦻ӄ ᢺ 㠚ᐡ 1 Ⲵ Җ 䘱㔉Ҷ 㠚ᐡ 2 Ⲵ ᴻ৻DŽ

1 = ᕐй, 㠚ᐡ 2 = ᕐй];

1 = ᵾഋ, 㠚ᐡ 2 = ᵾഋ];

1 = ᕐй, 㠚ᐡ 2 = ⦻ӄ];

1 = ⦻ӄ, 㠚ᐡ 2 = ᕐй];

1 = ᵾഋ, 㠚ᐡ 2 = ⦻ӄ];

1 = ⦻ӄ, 㠚ᐡ 2 = ᵾഋ];

1 = ᕐй, 㠚ᐡ 2 = ᵾഋ]; 㻖㻌㼇㠚ᐡ 1 = ᵾഋ, 㠚ᐡ 2 = ᕐй]

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ᙇ୕䛿ᮤᅄ䛜⋤஬䛜⮬ศ䛾ᮏ䜢⮬ศ䛾཭㐩䛻㏦䛳䛯䛾䜢▱䛳䛶䛔䜛䛸ᛮ䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌 㻌

㻌

(11)䛿」ᩘ䛾 ziji

஧䛴䛾

ziji

ඛ⾜モ䛛䛾⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫䛷䛒䜛䚹㼇㠚ᐡ

1 = ᕐй, 㠚ᐡ 2 = ᵾഋ]࡜㻌 㼇㠚ᐡ 1 = ᵾഋ, 㠚ᐡ 2 = ᕐй]ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸

ࡢࡣࠊ3 ே⛠ྡモࡣ㜼Ṇຠᯝࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓ࡜ Huang and Tang (1991)䛿ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓࠋ

(v)

NP

NP

(12) ᕐй i 䈤 ԆԜ j ᑨ ᢩ䇴 㠚ᐡ i/j DŽ

(13) ԆԜ i 䈤 ᕐй j ᑨ ᢩ䇴 㠚ᐡ *i/j DŽ

(12)࡟ࡣ㜼Ṇຠᯝࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ୍᪉ࠊ(13)䛻䛿㜼Ṇຠᯝ䛜ほᐹ䛥䜜䛯䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸 (13)䛾䇾ԆԜ䇿

(14) ԆԜ i 䜭 䈤 ᕐй j ᑨ ᢩ䇴 㠚ᐡ i/j DŽ

ᙼࡽࡣࡳࢇ࡞ᙇ୕ࡀࡼࡃ⮬ศࢆᢈุࡍࡿ࡜ゝࡗࡓࠋ

1.2 ୰ᅜㄒ ziji 㜼Ṇຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ㄽ◊✲

1.1

ziji

ziji

ἲୖ䛸ㄒ⏝ୖ䛻䛚䛔䛶㆟ㄽ䛥䜜䛶䛝䛯䚹ᩥἲୖ䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸୺䛻ᅄ䛴䛾ᥦ᱌䛜䛒䜛䚹(i)↷ᛂ௦ྡモ(anaphoric

pronoun) (Wang and Stillings 1984, Mohanan 1982)䠗(ii)LF

Cole, et al. 1990, Cole and Sung 1994, Huang and Tang 1991)䠗(iii)⤫⋡⠊␪䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍(Governing Category Parameter) (Manzini and Wexler 1987)䠗(iv)㐃㙐(chain)ࡢࣜࣥࢡ(link) (Progovac 1992, 1993, Tang 1994)䚹ㄒ⏝ୖ䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸୺䛻஧䛴䛾ᥦ᱌䛜䛒䜛䚹(i)⮬ᡃᖐᒓ⌮ㄽ(self-ascription theory) (Pan 1997, 2001);(ii)ヰ⪅ᣦྥᛶゎ㔘(logophor) (Huang and Liu 2001)ࠋ௨ୗࡣࠊ⡆༢࡟ྛ⌮ㄽࢆ⤂௓ࡋࠊၥ㢟Ⅼࢆ

ᣲࡆࡿࠋ

1.2.1 ᩥἲୖ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ㄽ

(i)

Wang and Stillings(1984), Mohanan(1982)ࡣ᮰⦡ཎ⌮ A

ziji

Chomsky

ᛶ䜢ᣢ䛳䛶䛔䜛䛸ᥦ᱌䛧䚸䜘䛳䛶䚸ᒁᡤⓗ᮰⦡䛸㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡䛾୧᪉䜢チ䛩䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸䛣䛾ᥦ᱌䛿㜼Ṇຠᯝ䛻䛴䛔 䛶ㄝ᫂䛷䛝䛺䛔䚹

(ii) LF

Battistella (1989), Cole, et al. (1990), Cole and Sung (1994)ࡣ୺せ㒊⛣ື(head-to-head)ࢆ୺ᙇࡍࡿ

ࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡋࠊ Huang and Tang (1991)ࡣ A ࣂ࣮⛣ື(A’-movement)ࢆ୺ᙇࡍࡿࠋ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⛣ືࡍࡿ࠿ゝ ㄒᏛ⪅࡟ࡼࡾ␗࡞ࡿࡀࠊྠࡌ࡞ࡢࡣࠊ↷ᛂᙧࡣ LF ࡛₯ᅾⓗ⛣ື(covert movement)ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊඛ

⾜モࡢ㏆ࡃ࡟⛣ືࡋࠊ᮰⦡ཎ⌮ A ࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⛣ື࡟ࡼࡾṧࡉࢀࡓ⑞㊧

(trace)ࡣ⤫⋡⠊␪ࡢ୺ㄒ࡜ྠࡌே⛠ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ(5)࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ Āᡁ/֐ā࡜Āᕐйāࡢ

ே⛠㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡ࡀ㜼Ṇࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡀㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ (7),(8)ࡢே⛠ࡢ㠀ᑐ⛠ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ

(iii)

Manzini and Wexler(1987)䛻䜘䜜䜀䚸䛂ఱ䛜⤫⋡⠊␪䛻䛺䜛䛾䛛䛃䛿⤫⋡⠊␪䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛻䜘䛳䛶Ỵ䜑䜙䜜䜛䚹

⤫⋡⠊␪䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛾್䛿

5

ᐃモ⠇䜢ྵ䜐䠅;c.᫬ไ䛾䛒䜛

IP䠄୙ᐃモ⠇䜢ྵ䜎䛺䛔䠅;d.┤᥋ἲ᫬ไ䜢ᣢ䛴 IP䠄௬ᐃἲ᫬ไ䜢ྵ䜎䛺䛔䠅;e.ᩥ

඲య䚹ⱥㄒ䛾⤫⋡⠊␪䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍್䛿

a

e

(iv)㐃㙐(chain)ࡢࣜࣥࢡ(link)

Progovac (1992, 1993)ࡣࠊ┦ᑐ໬኱୺ㄒ(relativized SUBJECT)ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࠊ↷ᛂᙧࡣ X

ࡢࡳࢆ኱୺ㄒ

࡜ࡋ࡚ཷࡅධࢀࠊࡑࡢ኱୺ㄒࡣ୍⮴㛵ಀࢆ⾲ࡍ AGR ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୰ᅜㄒ ziji ࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣ㢧ᅾⓗ AGR

ࢆᣢࡓ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ₯ᅾⓗ AGR ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡶࡋ₯ᅾⓗ AGR ࢆᣢࡘゝㄒ࡞ࡽࡤࠊᩥࡢ୰ࡢ AGR ࡣ㐃㙐࡟

࡞ࡾࠊ⤫⋡⠊␪ࡣᩥ඲య࡟ᗈࡀࡾࠊ㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊTang (1994)ࡣࠊAGR ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ

࡞ࡃࠊMOD(modifier䠈ಟ㣭ㄒ)䛿ඹ㏻䛾↷ᛂᙧ

MOD

Āᡁ/֐ā࡜Āᕐ йāࡢ␗࡞ࡿே⛠࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡ࡀ㜼Ṇࡉࢀࡿࠋ䛣䛾⌮ㄽ䜒 LF

1.2.2 ㄒ⏝ୖ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ㄽ

(i)

Pan (1997, 2001)ࡣࠊ㛗㊥㞳↷ᛂᙧࡀ⮬ᡃᖐᒓ෌ᖐ௦ྡモ(self-ascription reflexive)࡛࠶ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ ே⛠௦ྡモ࡜ ே⛠௦ྡモࡀᙉไᛶࡢ⮬ᡃᖐᒓ⪅(obligatory self-ascriper)࡛ࠊ ே⛠௦ྡモࡀ

௵ពᛶࡢ⮬ᡃᖐᒓ⪅(optional self-ascriper)࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⌮ㄽ࡟ࡼࡾࠊᩥἲୖࡢ⌮ㄽ࡛ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ (7)࡜(8)ࡢ㠀ᑐ⛠ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ(15)ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ

(15) ௚ i

j

i/*j

ᙼ䛿⚾䛜⮬ศ䜢㉸䛩䛣䛸䜢ᜍ䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹

⮬ᡃᖐᒓ⌮ㄽ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ (15)ࡢᩥࡢ ziji ࡣᙉไᛶࡢ⮬ᡃᖐᒓ⪅ ே⛠௦ྡモ͆ᡃ͇࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ(15)ࡢ ziji ࡣ͆ᡃ͇ࢆඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚ゎ㔘࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ

(ii) ヰ⪅ᣦྥᛶゎ㔘(logophor)

Huang and Liu (2001)ࡣヰ⪅ᣦྥᛶゎ㔘(logophor)ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࠊࡇࡢ⌮ㄽࡣ Sells (1987)ࡀ୺ᙇࡋࡓࢯ࣮

ࢫ(source)ˈ ⮬ᡃ(self)ˈ ᇶⅬ(pivot)࠿ࡽ⏤᮶ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢯ࣮ࢫ(source)ࡣ⮬ᡃ(self)ࢆྵࡴࠊ⮬ᡃ(self)

ࡣᇶⅬ(pivot)ࢆྵࡴ࡜࠸࠺㛵ಀ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ㏫࡟ࡣᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ

Huang and Liu (2001)ࡣ㜼ṆຠᯝࡀどⅬࡢ⾪✺࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ(5)Āᕐй

㿹ᗇᡁ

ሩ㠚ᐡ

⋑ؑᗳDŽā ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡶࡋ͆ᕐй͇ࡀ ziji ࡢඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚ゎ㔘ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࢯ࣮ࢫ(source) ࡢാࡁࢆᣢࡕࠊᇶⅬ(pivot)ࡢാࡁ࡟ࡶ࡞ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࠊᣦ♧୰ᚰ(deictic center)Āᡁā࡜⾪✺ࡋࠊ࡞ࡐ

࡞ࡽࠊⓎヰ⪅ࡀ͆ᕐй͇ࡢ❧ሙ࡟❧ࡘࡇ࡜ࡀせồࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠࡌேࡀྠࡌ᫬㛫࡟␗࡞ࡿ❧ሙ࡟

❧ࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ୙ྍ⬟࡛ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞どⅬࡢ⾪✺࡟ࡼࡾࠊ͆ᕐй͇ࡀ ziji ࡢඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚ゎ㔘࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ

⌮ㄽࡣே⛠㠀ᑐ⛠ࡢ(7)࡜(8)࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࡀࠊ(15)࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ

2 ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ㜼Ṇຠᯝ

➨

1

ziji

ziji

⤂௓䛧䚸ྛ⌮ㄽ䛻䛚䛔䛶ㄝ᫂䛷䛝䛺䛔཯౛䛜䛒䜛䛸㏙䜉䛯䚹➨

2

๓㏙䛧䛯䜘䛖䛻䚸(6) 䛂ᙇ୕

i

[

j

i/j

䛩䜛ᩥἲୖ䛾⌮ㄽ䜢ᥦ᱌䛧䛯䚹すᇉෆ(2014)䛿すᇉෆ(2012)䚸Nishigauchi(2014)䛛䜙ὴ⏕䚸Ⓨᒎ䛧䛯ㄽᩥ䛷 䛒䜛䛯䜑䚸䛣䛣䛷すᇉෆ(2014)䜢୰ᚰ䛻ㄽ䛨䜛䚹

2.1

すᇉෆ(2014)䛿෌ᖐᙧ䛂⮬ศ䛃䛜どⅬ⾲⌧䛾ᢞᑕ䛾୰䛻⌧䜜䚸䛭䛾ᢞᑕ䛾ᣦᐃ㒊䛻⌧䜜䜛ྡモྃ䛻䜘䛳䛶ᒁ ᡤⓗ䛺᮰⦡䜢ཷ䛡䜛䛸୺ᙇ䛩䜛䚹どⅬᢞᑕ(POV projection)䛸㛵୚䛩䜛どⅬ⾲⌧䛜ᑡ䛺䛟䛸䜒ḟ䛾

5

ձドᣐᛶ䠖䛂䛭䛖䚸䛜䜛䚸䛃䠗ղㄆ㆑䚸┤᥋ⓗ⤒㦂䠖䛂ᐮ䛔䚸V

յ䝎䜲䜽䝅䝇䠖䛂⾜䛟䚸䛟䜛䚸1,2

2014: 115)

ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝ᮰⦡

(16) 㸬㸬㸬DP 㸬㸬㸬V [ POVp pro [㸬㸬㸬⮬ศ 㸬㸬㸬] POV]

୍⮴ȝᣦᐃ㒊ࡢᛶ㉁ࢆỴᐃ

pro

pro䛃䛸どⅬ↔Ⅼ䜢᥈䛩䛂ᇶ‽䛾 pro䛃䛜䛒䜛䚹ព㆑↔Ⅼ䛿ᣦ♧ᑐ㇟䛜 pro

ྵ䜐

POV

1

᭷䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸ゎ㔘䛥䜜䜛

1

Ⅼ↔Ⅼ䛻䛿ே⛠䛜㛵୚䛩䜛䛯䜑䛂㜼Ṇຠᯝ䛃䛜㉳䛣䜛䛸㏙䜉䛶䛔䜛䚹すᇉෆ(2014)䛿(17)䛾䜘䛖䛺㏫⾜᮰⦡䛾౛

䜢⏝䛔䛶䛂㜼Ṇຠᯝ䛃䜢ㄝ᫂䛧䛯䚹

(17) a. ඛ⏕ࡀ⮬ศ i ࢆࡼࡧ࡟ࡁࡓ᫬ࠊࢱ࢝ࢩ i ࡣࡄࡗࡍࡾ╀ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ㸦すᇉෆ 2014: 111㸧

b. *൅ࡀ⮬ศ i ࢆࡼࡧ࡟ࡁࡓ᫬ࠊࢱ࢝ࢩ i ࡣࡄࡗࡍࡾ╀ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ㸦すᇉෆ 2014: 121㸧

c. ඛ⏕ࡀ⮬ศ i ࢆ࡯ࡵࡓ᫬ࠊࢱ࢝ࢩ i ࡣࡦ࡝ࡃ㦫࠸ࡓࠋ㸦すᇉෆ 2014: 111㸧

d. ?൅ࡀ⮬ศ i ࢆ࡯ࡵࡓ᫬ࠊࢱ࢝ࢩ i ࡣࡦ࡝ࡃ㦫࠸ࡓࠋ㸦すᇉෆ 2014: 116㸧

(17a)䛿どⅬ↔Ⅼ䜢᥈䛩䛂⮬ศ䛃㏫⾜᮰⦡䛾ᩥ䛷䛒䜚䚸ே⛠䛜㛵୚䛩䜛䛯䜑䚸(17a)䛾䛂ඛ⏕䛃䛜(17b)䛾䛂൅䛃䛻

ே⛠䛜㛵୚䛧䛺䛔䛯䜑䚸(17c)䛾䛂ඛ⏕䛃䛜(17d)䛾䛂൅䛃䛻ኚ䜟䜛䛸䚸ᐜㄆᛶ䛜ୗ䛜䜛䛜䚸(17b)䛾䜘䛖䛺ຎ໬䛿ぢ䜙 䜜䛺䛔䚹䛴䜎䜚䚸䛂⮬ศ䛃䛿䛂䝍䜹䝅䛃䜢ᣦ䛩䛣䛸䛿㜼Ṇ䛥䜜䛺䛔䚹

2.2

すᇉෆ(2014)䛿どⅬᢞᑕᣦᐃ㒊䛻⌧䜜䜛䛾䛿どⅬಖᣢ⪅䛷䛒䜚䚸䛣䛾఩⨨䛻䛿ከ䛟䛾ሙྜ

pro

(16)䛾 pro

PRO

䛾≉ᚩ䛷䛒䜚䚸pro䛾≉ᚩ䛷䛿䛺䛔䚹pro䛿ᩥ䛾୰䛻㡢ኌⓗ䛻㑏ඖ䛷䛝䜛䛾䛻ᑐ䛧䚸PRO䛿㡢ኌⓗ䛻㑏ඖ䛷䛝䛺 䛔䚹䛴䜎䜚䚸䜒䛧

pro

pro

ziji

ziji

ᯟ⤌䜏䛜䚸୰ᅜㄒ䛾㜼Ṇຠᯝ䜢ศᯒ䛩䜛ୖ䛷᭷ຠ䛷䛒䜛䛛䜢᳨ド䛧䛺䛡䜜䜀䚸ᮏㄽᩥ䜢ྵ䜐◊✲䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛜

୙༑ศ䛺䜒䛾䛸ㄆ䜑䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䚹䛃䛸㏙䜉䚸ᐇ㝿䛻すᇉෆ(2014)䛾ศᯒ䛿୰ᅜㄒ

ziji

ே⛠䛜㛵୚䛧䛺䛔䛯䜑䚸㜼Ṇຠᯝ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䛺䛔䛿䛪䛷䛒䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸(5)䛿୰ᅜㄒ

ziji

ⓗ䛺౛䛷䛒䜛䚹

3.

ziji

ziji

᪥ᮏㄒ䛂⮬ศ䛃䛿㜼Ṇຠᯝ䛜䛺䛔౛䛷䛒䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸1.1 䛷㏙䜉䛯୰ᅜㄒ

ziji

ศ䛃䛻䛿ほᐹ䛥䜜䛺䛔䚹୰ᅜㄒ

ziji

ziji

(18),(19)䛾ᩥ䛿(9)䛾䜘䛖䛺ḟ⤫ᚚ᮰⦡(subcommand)࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(9)䛿෌ᥖ䛩䜛䚹᪥ᮏㄒ䛿(20)䛷䛒䜛䚹

(18) ሬᐸ

䇔Ѫ>ᡁ

Ⲵ傴ۢ@ᇣҶ㠚ᐡ *i/j DŽ

(19) ᣦᑟᩍᐁ

ࡣ>⚾

ࡢࣉࣛ࢖ࢻ@ࡀ⮬ศ *i/j ࢆᝏࡃࡋࡓ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

(9) ᕐй i 䇔Ѫ [ᡁ j Ⲵ ᆖ⭏] k ௌ⅒ 㠚ᐡ *i/*j/k DŽ

(20)

i

[⚾ j

k

i/*j/k

㻌

(20)䛾᪥ᮏㄒ䛂⮬ศ䛃䛿㜼Ṇຠᯝ䛜ほᐹ䛥䜜䛺䛔䛜䚸䛴䜎䜚䚸᪥ᮏㄒ䛂⮬ศ䛃䛜୺⠇୺ㄒ䛂ᙇ୕䛃䜢ඛ⾜モ䛸䛧䛶

ゎ㔘䛷䛝䜛䚹୍᪉䚸(19)䛾᪥ᮏㄒ䛾ᩥ䛻䛚䛔䛶㜼Ṇຠᯝ䛜ほᐹ䛥䜜䜛䚹䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶䚸᪥ᮏㄒ䛂⮬ศ䛃䛻䜒䛂㜼Ṇຠ

ᯝ䛃䛜䛒䜛䛸ゝ䛘䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧㠃ⓑ䛔䛾䛿䚸(18)䛾“傴ഫ”䛿“ព㿱”䛻䚸(19)䛾䛂䝥䝷䜲䝗䛃䛿䛂ពぢ䛃䛻ኚ᭦䛧䛯䜙䚸㜼Ṇ

ຠᯝ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䛺䛟䛺䜛䚹

(21) ሬᐸ

䇔Ѫ>ᡁ

Ⲵ᜿㿱@ᇣҶ㠚ᐡ i/j DŽ

(22) ᣦᑟᩍᐁ

ࡣ>⚾

ࡢពぢ@ࡀ⮬ศ i/j ࢆᝏࡃࡋࡓ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

䛥䜙䛻䚸(18)䛾“傴ഫ”䛸“ᐖ”䛿“ᖎຓ”䛸“ᩆ”䛻䚸(19)䛾䛂䝥䝷䜲䝗䛃䛸䛂ᝏ䛟䛩䜛䛃䛿䛂䝦䝹䝥䛃䛸䛂ᩆ䛖䛃䛻ኚ᭦䛧䛯䜙䚸㛗

㊥㞳᮰⦡䛾䜏䜢チ䛩䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹

(23) ሬᐸ

䇔Ѫ>ᡁ

Ⲵᑞࣙ@ᮁҶ㠚ᐡ i/*j DŽ

(24) ᣦᑟᩍᐁ

ࡣ>⚾

ࡢ࣊ࣝࣉ@ࡀ⮬ศ i/*j ࢆᩆࡗࡓ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

(23)䛿䚸୰ᅜㄒ ziji

1䞉2

䛾ᩥ䜒ྠ䛨䛟䚸“௚”䛸

ziji

1

(15) ௚

ᛦᡃ

㉸䗷 ⮬ᕫ

ࠋ

(25) ᙼ

ࡣ⚾

ࡀ⮬ศ

ࢆ㉸ࡍࡇ࡜ࢆᜍࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ziji

(26) a. ᡁ

䰞䗷Ԇ

ྭࠐ䙽㠚ᐡ

Ⲵ਽ᆇDŽ b.ᡁ

੺䇹䗷Ԇ

ྭࠐ䙽㠚ᐡ

Ⲵ਽ᆇDŽ

a.’ ⚾

ࡣ ఱᅇࡶ ᙼ

࡟ ⮬ศ

ࡢྡ๓ࢆ⪺࠸ࡓࠋ

b.’ ⚾

ࡣ ఱᅇࡶ ᙼ

࡟ ⮬ศ

ࡢྡ๓ࢆᩍ࠼ࡓࠋ

(27) a. ᡁ

䰞䗷Ԇ

㠚ᐡ

Ⲵ਽ᆇDŽ

b. ᡁ

䰞䗷Ԇ

㠚ᐡ

Ⲵ࠶ᮠDŽ

a.’⚾

ࡣ ᙼ

࡟ ⮬ศ

ࡢྡ๓ࢆ⪺࠸ࡓࠋ

b.’⚾

ࡣ ᙼ

࡟ ⮬ศ

ࡢᡂ⦼ࢆ⪺࠸ࡓࠋ

(28) a. ᕐй

䈤 ᵾഋ

н⴨ؑ 㠚ᐡ

DŽ

b. ᕐй

ငቸൠ䈤

ᵾഋ н⴨ؑ 㠚ᐡ

DŽ

a.’ ኴ㑻

ࡣ ḟ㑻

ࡀ ⮬ศ

ࢆಙࡌ࡚࠸࡞࠸ ࡜ゝࡗࡓࠋ

b.’ኴ㑻

ࡣ ḟ㑻

ࡀ ⮬ศ

ࢆಙࡌ࡚࠸࡞࠸ ࡜ᝒࡋࡃゝࡗࡓࠋ

ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ࡟ࡶ 1࣭2 ே⛠ࡢ௓ධ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡ࡀ㜼Ṇࡉࢀࡓ౛ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧

ࡋࡓࠋ୰ᅜㄒ ziji ࡢ㜼Ṇຠᯝ࡜ẚ࡭࡚౛ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ஦ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᣦྥᛶࡢ࠶ࡿືモࠊྡモࠊ๪

モ࡞࡝࡟ኚ᭦ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ୰ᅜㄒ ziji ࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥ࡟ࡶᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ

4.

㻌 ୰ᅜㄒ

ziji

୰ᚰⓗ䛺ᙺ๭䜢ാ䛔䛶䛔䜛䛸ゝ䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹↷ᛂᙧ䛾ඛ⾜モᣦྥ䜒ືモ䛸㛵ಀ䛜䛒䜛䛸⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䚹

㻌 ⏕ᡂᩥἲ䛷䛿䚸䛒䜛㏙ㄒ(predicate)䛜䚸䛭䛾ㄒᙡ≉ᛶ䛸䛧䛶㡯(argument)䜢䛔䛟䛴ᚲせ䛸䛧䚸䜎䛯䚸䛭䜜䛮䜜 䛾㡯䛜䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺୺㢟ᙺ(䃗-role)䜢ᢸ䛖䛛䜢䚸ㄒᙡ┠㘓(lexicon)䛷ᣦᐃ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹䛯䛸䛘䜀䚸ືモ

put

୺㢟ᙺືస୺(agent)䜢ᢸ䛖㡯䜢እ㡯(external argument)䠄୺ㄒ䛸䛺䜛㡯䠅䛸䛧䛶㑅ᢥ䛧䚸䜎䛯୺㢟(theme)䚸ሙ ᡤ(location)䜢ᢸ䛖஧䛴䛾㡯䜢ෆ㡯(internal argument)䠄⿵㒊(complement)䛸䛺䜛㡯䠅䛸䛧䛶㑅ᢥ䛩䜛䚹↷ᛂᙧ 䛸㛵ಀ䛒䜛ືモ䛿஧㡯ືモ䛸୕㡯ືモ䛷䛒䜛䚹䛭䜜䜙䛾ືモ䛻཮᪉ྥ䛾ືモ䛸༢᪉ྥ䛾ືモ䛻ศ䛡䛶䛔䜛䚹༢ ᪉ྥ䛾ືモ䛻䛿௚᪉ᣦྥືモ䛸⮬ᡃᣦྥືモ䛻ศ䛡䛶䛔䜛䚹

㻌 䛯䛸䛘䜀䚸䇾┦ಙ䇿䠄ಙ䛨䜛䠅䛿཮᪉ྥືモ䛷䛒䜚䚸ㄒᙡ䛾ᣦྥ䛿௚䛾ே䛷䜒䛔䛔䛧䚸⮬ศ䛻ᣦ䛧䛶䜒䛔䛔䚹䛭䛾௚䚸 䇾䍓༷䇿䠄㈐䜑䜛䠅䚸䇾႐⅒䇿䠄ዲ䛝䛰䠅䛺䛹䜒ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䜛䚹䇾䇘ዲ䇿䛿༢᪉ྥືモ䛾௚᪉ᣦྥືモ䛷䛒䜚䚸ㄒᙡ䛾ᣦྥ

䛿௚䛾ே䛰䛡䛷䚸⮬ศ䜢ᣦ䛩䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛺䛔䚹䇾ᩆ䇿䠄ᩆ䛖䠅䚸䇾ᣡᙘ䇿㸦ᩥྃࢆゝ࠺㸧ࠊ͆ᙅ͇㸦ᜍࢀࡿ㸧࡞࡝ࡀ

ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ͆আᔴ͇㸦⮬៏ࡍࡿ㸧ࡣ༢᪉ྥືモࡢ⮬ᡃᣦྥືモ࡛࠶ࡾࠊㄒᙡࡢᣦྥࡣ௚ࡢே࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ

⮬ศࢆᣦࡍࠋ͆⛛㘰͇㸦㄂♧ࡍࡿ㸧࡞࡝ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ↷ᛂᙧࢆྵࡴᩥ࡟཮᪉ྥືモࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࠊᒁᡤ

ⓗ᮰⦡࡜㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡ࡢ୧᪉ࢆチࡍࠋ༢᪉ྥືモ䛾௚᪉ᣦྥືモ䛾ሙྜ䚸㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡䛾䜏䜢チ䛩䚹༢᪉ྥື

モࡢ⮬ᡃᣦྥືモࡢሙྜࠊᒁᡤⓗ᮰⦡ࡢࡳࢆチࡍࠋᩥࡢ୰࡟ࠊ཮᪉ྥືモ࡜༢᪉ྥືモࡀྠ᫬࡟Ꮡᅾࡍ

ࡿሙྜࠊ௨ୗ(29)ࡢඃඛ㡰఩࡛↷ᛂᙧࡢඛ⾜モࢆỴࡵࡿ࡜௬ᐃࡍࡿࠋ㻌

㻌

(29) ༢᪉ྥືモ㸼཮᪉ྥືモ

ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊ(30a)࡛ࡣࠊ͆⸕䚃͇㸦▱ࡿ㸧࡜䇾┦ಙ䇿䠄ಙ䛨䜛䠅䛿཮᪉ྥືモ䛷䛒䜚䚸⿵ᩥ୺ㄒ䇾ᵾഋ䇿䛸୺⠇୺

ㄒ䇾ᕐй䇿䛾୧᪉䛜

ziji

ziji

͆⸕䚃͇㸦▱ࡿ㸧ࡼࡾ༢᪉ྥືモ௚᪉ᣦྥࢆඃඛࡋࠊ

й䇿䛰䛡䛜ඛ⾜モ䛸䛧䛶ゎ㔘䛷䛝䜛䚹(30c)䛷䛿䚸͆আᔴ͇㸦⮬៏ࡍࡿ㸧ࡣ༢᪉ྥືモࡢ⮬ᡃᣦྥືモ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ

↷ᛂᙧ

ziji

ഋ䇿㻌 䛰䛡䛜ඛ⾜モ䛸䛧䛶ゎ㔘䛷䛝䜛䚹(30d)䛷䛿䚸 ͆ᙅ͇㸦ᜍࢀࡿ㸧ࡣ༢᪉ྥືモࡢ௚᪉ᣦྥືモ࡛ࠊ͆আᔴ͇

㸦⮬៏ࡍࡿ㸧ࡣ༢᪉ྥືモࡢ⮬ᡃᣦྥືモ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢሙྜࠊ⿵ᩥ୺ㄒ䇾ᵾഋ䇿䛸୺⠇୺ㄒ䇾ᕐй䇿䛾୧᪉䛜 ziji

(30) a. ᕐй

⸕䚃㻌 㻌 ᵾഋ

⴨ؑ㻌 㻌 㠚ᐡ

DŽ㻌

b. ᕐй

⸕䚃㻌 㻌 ᵾഋ

䇘ྭ㻌 㻌 㠚ᐡ

DŽ㻌

c. ᕐй

⸕䚃㻌 㻌 ᵾഋ

আᔴ㻌 㻌 㠚ᐡ

DŽ㻌

ᕐй

ᙅ㻌 㻌 ᵾഋ

আᔴ㻌 㻌 㠚ᐡ

DŽ㻌

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ᙇ୕䛿ᮤᅄ䛜⮬ศ䜢⮬៏䛩䜛䛾䜢ᜍ䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌

㻌 㜼Ṇຠᯝ䛿ᩥ䛾୰䛾ືモ䛜䛩䜉䛶཮᪉ྥືモ䛾ᩥ䛾䜏⌧䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹(30d)䛷䛿䚸䇾ᮤᅄ䇿䛜䠍ே⛠௦ྡモ䇾ᡃ䇿 䛻ኚ᭦䛧䛶䜒䚸䇾ᕐй䇿䛾ඛ⾜モᣦྥ䛿㜼Ṇ䛷䛝䛺䛔䚹䛴䜎䜚䚸䛂ᕐй_㼕㻌 㻌

ᙅ㻌 㻌 ᡃ

আᔴ㻌 㻌 㠚ᐡ

DŽ ࠖ

ྥືモ䛿ᩥ䛾୰䛻⌧䜜䛶䛔䜛䜋䛛䛾せ⣲䛻䜘䜚䚸᪉ྥᛶ䜢ኚ᭦䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䚹䜘䛳䛶䚸㜼Ṇຠᯝ䛜ほᐹ䛥䜜䜛 䜟䛡䛷䛒䜛䚹౛䛘䜀䚸(5)䛷䛿䚸䇾㿹ᗇ䇿䠄ᛮ䛖䠅䛿཮᪉ྥືモ䛷䛒䜛䚹⿵ᩥ䛾䛂୺ㄒ䠇ᑐ䠇ziji䠇ືモ䛃䛾ᩥᆺ䛿䛂୺

ㄒ䠇ືモ䠇ziji䛃䛻ኚ᥮䛷䛝䛺䛔䛜䚸䛣䛾ᩥᆺ䛻ධ䜛ືモ䛿཮᪉ྥືモ䛷䛒䜛䚹⿵ᩥ୺ㄒ䛾䠍䞉䠎ே⛠௦ྡモ䛻䛺 䜛䛸䚸⿵ᩥ䛾཮᪉ྥືモ䛾᪉ྥᛶ䛿⮬ᡃ᪉ྥᛶ䛰䛡䛻㝈ᐃ䛥䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䜛䚹䜘䛳䛶䚸୺⠇୺ㄒ䇾ᕐй䇿䛾ඛ⾜モ ᣦྥ䛿㜼Ṇ䛥䜜䜛䚹

(5) ᕐй i 㿹ᗇ [ ᡁ/֐ j ሩ 㠚ᐡ *i/j ⋑ؑᗳ]DŽ

(7)䛸(8)䛾ே⛠㠀ᑐ⛠ᛶ䛻䛴䛔䛶䚸(8)䛷䛿䚸䇾⟶䇿䠄⟶⌮䛩䜛䠅䛿཮᪉ྥືモ䛾䜎䜎䛷䚸㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡䛜㜼Ṇ䛥䜜

(7) ᮤᅄ i ୙႐⅒ ᡃ j ⟶ ⮬ᕫ *i/j ⓗ ஦ࠋ

ᮤᅄ䛿⚾䛜⮬ศ䛾䛣䛸䜢⟶⌮䛩䜛䛾䛜䛩䛝䛷䛿䛺䛔䚹㻌

(8) ᡃ i ୙႐⅒ ᮤᅄ j ⟶ ⮬ᕫ i/j ⓗ ஦ࠋ

⚾䛿ᮤᅄ䛜⮬ศ䛾䛣䛸䜢⟶⌮䛩䜛䛾䛜䛩䛝䛷䛿䛺䛔䚹㻌

๓㏙䛻⌧䜜䛯཯౛(15)䛷䛿䚸ືモ䇾ᙅ䇿䠄ᜍ䜜䜛䠅䛸䇾㉸䇿䠄㉸䛘䜛䠅䛿༢᪉ྥືモ䛾௚᪉ᣦྥືモ䛷䛒䜚䚸ziji 䛿

୺ᩥ୺ㄒ䛾䇾Ԇ䇿䛾䜏䜢チ䛩䚹(23)䛾ືモ䇾ᩆ䇿䠄ᩆ䛖䠅䛿༢᪉ྥືモ䛾௚᪉ᣦྥືモ䛷䛒䜚䚸ziji 䛿୺ᩥ୺ㄒ䛾 䇾ሬᐸ䇿䠄ᣦᑟᩍᐁ䠅䛾䜏䜢チ䛩䚹(28)䛿๪モ䇾ငቸൠ䇿䠄ᝒ䛧䛟䠅䛻ຍ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䚸䇾䈤䇿

㸦ゝ࠺㸧ࡣ཮᪉ྥືモ䛛

(9),(18),(21)䛿䛣䛣䛷෌ᥖ䛩䜛䚹䇾䇔Ѫ䇿䠄ᛮ䛖䠅䚸䇾ௌ⅒䇿䠄ዲ䛝䛰䠅䚸䇾ᇣ䇿䠄ᐖ䛩䜛䠅䛿཮᪉ྥືモ䛷䛒䜛䚹(9)[ᡁ Ⲵᆖ⭏㸦⚾ࡢᏛ⏕㸧]ࡣ

ziji

⦡䛿཮᪉ྥືモ䛾᪉ྥᛶ䜢ኚ䜟䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䚹୍᪉䚸(18)[ᡁⲴ傴ۢ㸦⚾ࡢࣉࣛ࢖ࢻ㸧]ͺ↓⏕䛾䜘䛖䛻ぢ䛘䜛 䛜䚸[ᡃⓗព㿱㸦⚾ࡢពぢ㸧]䛸␗䛺䜚䚸[傴ۢ㸦ࣉࣛ࢖ࢻ㸧]ͺ䇾ᡃ䇿䛾ᛶ᱁䛾୍㒊䛸䛧䛶⌮ゎ䛥䜜䚸཮᪉ྥືモ䛾 ᪉ྥᛶ䜢ኚ䜟䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䚹䜘䛳䛶䚸(9)䛸(18)䛿㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡䛜㜼Ṇ䛥䜜䚸(21)䛿㜼Ṇ䛥䜜䛺䛔䚹㻌

(9) ᕐй i 䇔Ѫ [ᡁ j Ⲵ ᆖ⭏] k ௌ⅒ 㠚ᐡ *i/*j/k DŽ (18) ሬᐸ

䇔Ѫ[ᡁ

Ⲵ傴ۢ]ᇣҶ㠚ᐡ *i/j DŽ (21) ሬᐸ

䇔Ѫ[ᡁ

Ⲵ᜿㿱]ᇣҶ㠚ᐡ i/j DŽ

㻌 ௨ୖ䚸୺䛻୰ᅜㄒ

ziji

୍㒊ㄝ᫂䛷䛝䜛䚹䛯䛸䛘䜀䚸(19),(22),(24)䛜䛭䛾౛䛷䛒䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸(6)䛻䛴䛔䛶ㄝ᫂䛷䛝䛺䛔䚹୰ᅜㄒ

ziji

ziji

(19) ᣦᑟᩍᐁ

ࡣ>⚾

ࡢࣉࣛ࢖ࢻ@ࡀ⮬ศ *i/j ࢆᝏࡃࡋࡓ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ (22) ᣦᑟᩍᐁ

ࡣ>⚾

ࡢពぢ@ࡀ⮬ศ i/j ࢆᝏࡃࡋࡓ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

(24) ᣦᑟᩍᐁ

ࡣ>⚾

ࡢ࣊ࣝࣉ@ࡀ⮬ศ i/*j ࢆᩆࡗࡓ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

(6)

i

[

j

i/j

᪥ᮏㄒ䛾↷ᛂᙧ䛿䛂⮬ศ䛃௨እ䚸䛂⮬ศ⮬㌟䛃䛂ᙼ䠋ᙼዪ⮬㌟䛃䛂䛚஫䛔䛃➼䜒䛒䜚䚸୰ᅜㄒ䛾↷ᛂᙧ䛿“⮬ᕫ

ziji”

௨እ䚸“ᮏே” “௚/ዯ⮬ᕫ” “⮬㌟”䛺䛹䜒䛒䜚䚸᪥ᮏㄒ䛾䛂⮬ศ䛃䛿༢⣧䛻୰ᅜㄒ䛾“⮬ᕫ

ziji”䛰䛡䛻ᑐᛂ䛩䜛䛾䛷

ziji”䛿᪥ᮏㄒ䛾䛂⮬ศ䛃䛰

Oshima (2004)䛜᪥ᮏㄒ䛾䛂⮬ศ䛃䜢䚸෌ᖐ(reflexive)䛾䛂⮬ศ䛃䚸ヰ⪅ᣦྥᛶ(logophor)䛾䛂⮬ศ䛃䚸䜶䞁䝟䝅

(logophor)䛾䛂⮬ศ䛃䛸䜶䞁䝟䝅䞊(empathy)䛾䛂⮬ศ䛃䛿㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡䜢チ䛩䛂⮬ศ䛃䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻᪥ᮏㄒ䛾

ziji”䛻䛴䛔䛶䚸“⮬ᕫ ziji”䛿෌ᖐ (reflexive)䛾“⮬”

ziji”䛾」

㞧䛥䜢཯ᫎ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䚹

5.

Chomsky (1981)䛾᮰⦡ཎ⌮䛜ᥦ᱌䛥䜜䛶䛛䜙䚸୰ᅜㄒ䛾 ziji

A

䜛㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡↷ᛂᙧ䛸䛧䛶䜘䛟◊✲䛥䜜䛶䛝䛯䚹୰ᅜㄒ䛾

ziji

ziji

ᮏㄒ䛂⮬ศ䛃䛿䛒䜎䜚ほᐹ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䚹ᮏㄽᩥ䛷䛿䚸୰ᅜㄒ

ziji

⾜◊✲䛾ၥ㢟Ⅼ䜢ㄽ䛨䛯䚹䛭䛧䛶䚸ືモ䛾ᣦྥᛶ䛾ほⅬ䛛䜙㜼Ṇຠᯝ䜢ศᯒ䛩䜛䛾䜢ヨ䜏䛯䚹ືモᣦྥᛶ䛿୰

ᅜㄒ

ziji

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㻌

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Cole, P., Hermon, G. and Sung, L. M. 1990. Principles and parameters of long-distance reflexives.

Linguistic Inquiry 21: 1-22.

Cole, P. & Sung, L. M. 1994. Head movement and long-distance reflexives: The case of Chinese ziji . Linguistic Inquiry 25: 355-406.

ཎཱྀᗉ㍜䞉୰ᮧᤩ⦅㻌

1996㻌 䛄䝏䝵䝮䝇䜻䞊⌮ㄽ㎡඾䛅㻌 ◊✲♫ฟ∧㻚㻌

Huang, C. T. J. & Liu, L. 2001. Logophoricity, attitudes and ziji at the interface. In P. Cole et al. (eds.).

141-195.

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Koster and E. Reuland (eds.). Long-distance Anaphora. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

263-282.

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18:413-444.

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Journal of East Asian Linguistics 23: 157-206.

すᇉෆὈ௓䠈2012, 䛂᪥ᮏㄒ䛾෌ᖐ⾲⌧䛸㜼Ṇຠᯝ䛃䠈䛄⚄ᡞᯇ㝜ዪᏊᏛ㝔኱Ꮫ◊✲⣖せ䛅15: 103-117.

すᇉෆὈ௓䠈2014,䛂䜶䞁䝟䝅䞊䛸㜼Ṇຠᯝ̺䛂⮬ศ䛃䛾᮰⦡䛸䛂どⅬᢞᑕ䛃̺䛃䠈䛄ゝㄒ◊✲䛅146:109-133.

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Linguistic Inquiry 24: 755-772.

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ト㻌

1)

㻌 ᮏ◊✲䛾୍㒊䛿䚸᪥ᮏᏛ⾡᣺⯆఍⛉◊㈝ᇶ┙◊✲㻔㻯㻕◊✲ㄢ㢟䛂↷ᛂ⾲⌧➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ◊✲䇲୰ᅜㄒ䞉᪥ᮏ ㄒ䞉ⱥㄒ䜢୰ᚰ䛻䇲䛃䛾⿵ຓ䜢ཷ䛡䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌