Response and nutrient uptake of peanut on Hawaiian Latosols treated with potassium and calcium: University of the Ryukyus Repository

Title

Response and nutrient uptake of peanut on Hawaiian Latosols

_{treated with potassium and calcium}

Author(s)

Oya, Kazuhiro

Citation

琉球大学農家政工学部学術報告 = The science bulletin of

the Division of Agriculture, Home Economics & Engineering,

University of the Ryukyus(12): 225-246

Issue Date

1965-10-01

URL

http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/23231

ResponseandmtrientuptakeoflDeamtonHawaiian

latosolstreatedwithlDotassiumandcalcium

Ｂｙ Ｋ２五uIhiroOYA＊ Introduction

Thepeanut(A7cuchish"po9cueq)，oneoftheeconomicleguminouscrops,hasbeenthoroughly

studiedelsewherewhileonlybrieflyinHawaii、Recentlyithasbeenreportedthatcalcium hasastrikingeffectonpeanutyield4'5,11,24） Hawaiianlatosolsarehighlyweatheredandcontainrelativelylowlevelsofplantnutri‐ ents9''7)．ItishighlynecessarytOgiveeffctivefertilizationtogrowsatisfactorycropsontllese soils・

Inspiteofitsimportanceforcrops，potassiumisoftensuppliedinsufIicientamountsfor

economicproduction・Consequently,ingrowingthepeanut,whichhasthepotentialofsUpplyinｇ

ａｔｌｅａｓｔａｌｌｏｆthelslands,needs，growersShouldbeexpectedtosupplypotassiumalongwith othernutrientelements・ Ｉｔｉｓｎｏｗｗｅｌｌｋｎｏｗｎｔｈａｔａｍｏｎｇｐｌａｎｔnutrientstherei8anantagonisticrelationship

betweenpotassiumandcalcium，orbetweenpotassiumandcalciumplusmagnesium8''32)．

Inviewofthesedifliculties，therelsaneedforstudyingtheproperlevelofpotassium andcalciumintheproductionofpeanutsonHawaiianlatosols・Theobjectivesofthepresent thesiｓａｒｅ（a）tostudytheeffectofvaryinglevelsofpotassiumandcalciumonpeanutyields andfruitfillingonthreeHawaiianlatosols，ａｎｄ（b)ｔｏstudythenutrientuptakeofthepeanut plantwithregardtopotassium，calcium，andmagnesium・Tothisendexperimentswerecon-ductedusingthePaaloasoilbelongingtotheHumicLatosolgreatsoilgrCup,ａｎｄｔｈｅＷａｈｉａｗａ ａｎｄＷａｉｍａｎａｌｏｓｏｉｌｓｏｆｔheLowHumicLatosolgreatsongroup． LiteratureReview NuTRITIoNALREQuIREMENTANDHABITｏＦＴＨＥＰＥＡＮｕＴ Ｉｔｉｓｆｕｎｄａｍｅｎｔａｌｋｎｏｗledgerecordedinmanytextbooksofsoilsciencethatplantsneed thetenmajorandseveralotherminornutrientelements、Thisisalsotrueforthepeanut・ Infact，obviousdeficiencysymptomshavebeenestablishedwiththepeanutintheabsenceof nitrogen，Pho8phorus，potassium，calcium，magnesium，sulfur，iron，manganese，boron，and zinc6'30)．Growthreductionhasalsobeenobservedintheabsenceofcopperandmolybdenum respectively，althoughspeciflcdeficiencysymptomswerenotrecognized30)． Thepeanuttakesupallnutrientelementsthroughtherootofthevegetativestage,but afterthepegsreachthegrowingmedium，theplanttakesupnutrientsthroghｂｏｔｈｔｈｅｒｏｏｔ ａｎｄｐｅｇｓｏｒＳｈｅｌｌｓｏｆｔｈefruit2'4'6,28)．Thefruitfillingofthepeanutstrikinglyismainly influencedbythenutrientuptakeespecianyofcalciumthroughthepegsorShells8'4,5'6''0'28）● Consequently，thedegreeofnutrientuptakebyChepegsorShellsbecomesanimportantfactor tofruitfilling・Ｔｈｉｓseemstobetheresultofsluggishmovementornearimmobilityofcalcium inplanttissue2'4)，coupledwithitsspecificroleinthesynthesisofprotein29)． ＊DepartmentofAgriculturalOhemistry，DivisionofAgriculture，HomeEconomicsandEngi-neering，UniversityoftheRyukyus

226 _{琉球大学農家政工学部学術報告第１２号（1965）} NuTRIENTUPTAKEoFTHEPEANuT Asmentionedabove，calciumisanimportantnutrientelementforthepeanut・Ｉｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎ ｆｏｕｎｄｔｈａｔｉｎｓｏｍｅｉｎｓｔａｎcesadepressiveeffectofoneionoｎｔｈｅｕｐｔａｋｅｏｆｏｔｈｅｒｉｏｎｓｏｃｃｕｒｓ ｉｎｖariousspeciesofplantsl'15,20'21'25'31,82)．ThiElinteraction，specificallyreferringtopotassiｕｍ， calium，andmagnesium，isnotexceptionalforthepeanut8,6,7)，butmayalsooccurinother plants、 Concerningthepeanut，excellentBtudiesbyBurkhartandPage7）andBurkhartandCollins6） vividlyshowedtheuptakeofpotassium，calcium，andmagnesiuminthepeanutplant，and theinteractionamongtheseelements、BurkhartandPageanalizedblades，petioles,ａndstems ofthepeanutforseveralnutrientelementsextractedbyhotwater・Theyfoundamongthe Plantfractionｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｌｅａｆｂｌａｄｅｓｗｅｒｅｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｓuitableforestimatingthenutrientstatus oftheplant、Thefreshtissueofthebladescontainedabout7,Ｏ００ｐｐｍｏｆＫ２０，5,000ｐｐｍｏｆ ＣａＯ，ａｎｄ3,000ｐｐｍｏｆＭｇOinthevegetativestage；ａｎｄａｂｏｕｔｌＯ,Ｏ００ｐｐｍｏｆＫ２０，6,400ｐｐｍ ｏｆＣａＯ，ａｎｄ2,700ｐｐｍｏｆＭｇＯａｔｍａｔｕｒｉｔｙ，Thecontentofeachelementvaried8ccordingto thestageofplantdevelopment；viz.，thevegetativestage,earlyfruitingstage，maturity，etc.， althoughthedominancyofpotassiumcontentovercalciumandofcalciumcontentovermagne-siumwasretained、 BurkhartandCollinsshowedthatpotassiumapplicationincreasedthepotassiumuptakeof thepeanutbutdepre8sedtheuptakeofcalciumandmagnesium；andcalciumapplicationin‐ creasedtheuptakeofcalciumandmagnesiumbutdepressedthepotassiumuptake・Theyalso clarifiedtheinteractionamongpotassium，calcium，andmagnesiuminplanttissue,byBtudying mineralcompositionofpeanutleavesthatshowednutrientdeficiencysymptomsofcalcium， potassium，magnesium，phosphorus,nitrogenandboronThecontentofpotassium,calcium,and magnesiuminthepeanutleavesvariednoticeablywhenoneofthemwasabsentintheculture solution，Whiletheircontentwasrelativelyconstantintheabsenceofonlysuchelementsas phosphorus，nitrogen，andboron、Intheabsenceofpota8sium，aremarkableincreaseofcalcium andmagnesiumwasobserved・Ｏｎｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｈａｎｄ，intheabsenceofcalcium，astrikingin-creaseofpotassiumandaslightincreaseofmagnesiumwasrecognized，andintheabsenceof magnesiumastrikingincreaseofpotassiumandafairdepressionofcalciumoccurredcompared tothatofcompletenutrientsolutions・ AnothercomprehensivestudyonpeanutnutritionwasconductedbyBledsoe3)．Hegrew thepeanutSonquartzsand，separatingtherootingmediumfromfruitingmedium,andanalyzed thepeanutleaves、Theincreaseofthepotassiumorcalciumcontentintheplanttissueat thedeficiencylevelofcalciumorpotassiumintherootingmedium，whencompletenutrient solutionwaｓｇｉｖｅｎｔothefruitingmedium，confirmedtheinterrelationshipofthesemineral elementsasreportedbyBurkhartandCollins6)．Furthermore，ｉｔｗａｓａｌｓｏＳｈｏｗｎｂｙＢｌｅｄｓｏｅ ｔｈａｔｔｈｅreisadifferentrelationshipofthesethreenutrientsinshellsofthefruitfromthat intheleaves・calciumandmagnesiumcontentinshellswerelessinfluencedbythenutrient stａｔｕｓｏｆｔｈｅｒｏｏｔｉｎｇｍｅｄｉｕｍａｓｌｏｎｇａｓcompletenutrientsolutionwassuppliedtothefmiting medium；whereasthecontentofpotassiumintheshellsincreasedwhennocalciumaddedto therootingmedium・ REspoNsEoFTHEPEANuTToPoTAssIuMANDCALcIuM Thestrongantagonisticrelationshipbetweenpotassiumandcalciuminthegrowingmedium posesfertilizationproblemsinpeanutproduction、Ｉｎａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎｔｏｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｉｏｎａｎｔａgonlsm， theeffectofpetassiumandcalciumonthepeanutisinfluencedby（a)theoriginallevelofthe elementsiｎｔｈｅｓｏｉｌ，（b）theplacementoftheelements，（c)thetimeoftheapplication，（｡)the characterofthegrowingmedium，ａｎｄ（e)thepeanutvariety・

TworeportsstatetMreaponseofthepeanuttocalciumapilic帥iondepend&onthe

originallevelofcalciuminthesoil・ColwellandBrady11）obtainedmarkedlyincreasedpeanut yieldbygypsumtreatmentofsoilsｗｈｉＣｈｃｏｎｔａｉｎｅｄＯ２１ｔｏｌ､３９ｍｅ、ｏｆｃａｌｃｉｕｍｐｅｒｌＯＯｇｒａｍ．

２２７

Ｋ．ＯＹＡ：ResponseandnutrientuptakeofpeanutonHawaiianlatosols

Rogers24)，ingrowingSpaniShandrunnerpeanutsonsouthernA1abamasoils，foundthatthe

criticallevelofexchangeablecalciumforpeanutyieldｗａｓｉｎｔｈｅｒａｎｇｅｏｆ６００ｔｏ８００ｐｏｕｎｄｓ

ｏfcalciumperacre・Ｔｈｅsoilscontaininglessthan600poundsofexchangeablecalciumper

acreproducedsignificantlyincreasedyieldsofpeanutsontheadditionofcalcium・

Severalinvestigatorsreportalso，thatthepeanutrespondstopotassiumandcalcium

accordingtowhetherthesenutrientelementsareapplieｄｔｏｔｈｅｒｏｏｔｚｏｎｅｏｒｔｏｔｈｅｆｒｕｉｔｚｏｎｅ・

BurkhartandCollins6）grewthepeanutonsandcultureseparatingthefauitingmediumfrom

therootingmedium・Theyaddedvaryingratesofpotassiumandcalciumtothenutrient

solutionandfoundth8t：（a)thepresenceofcalciuminthefruitingmediumhadadefinite

favorableeffectonthefruitqualityirrespectiveofthenatureoftherootingmedium，（b)the

presenceofpotassiuminthefruitingmediumhadadefiniteunfavorableeffectonthefruit

qualityirrespectiveofthenatureoftherootingmedium，ａｎｄ（c）themostfavorablerateof

potassiumtocalciumwasmediumpotassiumandhighcalciumintherootzone・Colwelland

Brady11）obtainedgreateryieldofthepoanutfollowingtheadditionofgypsumtothefruit

zone，butfoundnoincreasefortheadditiｏｎｏｆｇｙｐｓｕｍｔｏｔｈｅｒｏｏｔｚｏｎｅ・ＢｒａｄｙｃｔｃＬ1.5）also

obtainedincreasedfruitfillingfromtheadditionofcalciumtofruitingmedium，butslightly

depressedfruitfillingbytheadditionofpotassiumtothefruitingorrootingmediuminthe

absenceofcalcium，a1thoughthedepressiondidnotoccurinthepresenceofaddedcalcium・

Thetimeofapplicationofpotassiumandcalciumseemstohavebearinginpeanutpro-duction、Prevot27）reportedthatpotassium，aswellasphosphorus，ｉｓｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｆｏｒｔｈｅ

ｐｅａｎｕｔａｔｔheearlystagesofgrowth，butlimebecomesincreasinglyimportanttowardstheend

ofthevegetativeperiod・ColwellandBrady11）foundthatthepeanutrespondedtotheaddｉｔｉｏｎ

ｏｆｇｙｐｓｕｍｗｈｅｎｉｔｗａｓａｄｄｅｄｔｏｔhefruitzoneattheearlyblooming8tagebutdidnotrespond

whenaddedtotherootzoneatplanting、Brady4）reportedthatcalciumshouldbeappｌｉｅｄｔｏ

ｔｈｅｆｒｕｉｔｚｏｎｅｌ５ｄａｙｓａｆｔｅｒｔhegynophoresreaChthegrowingmediｕｍａｓｔｈｉｓｉｓｔｈｅcritical

period・ThestudybyMizuno28）somewhatagreeswithBrady'８，sincehestatesthatthebest

periodｆｏｒｃａｌｃｉｕｍａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｓｌＯｔｏ３０ｄaysafterthegynopheresenterthegrowingmedium・

ＴｈｅCharacterofgrowingmediumortypeofsoilinfluencestheeffectofcalciumonfruit

fillingandtheyielｄｏｆｔｈｅｐｅａｎｕｔ・MehlichandReed13）Showedthatinkaoliniticmedium,ｔｈｅ

ｆｒｕｉｔｆｉｌｌｅｄｗｅｌｌｅｖｅｎａｔａｌｏｗｒａteofcalciumsaturationinthefruitingmedium；Whereasa

highrateofcalciumsaturationwasnecessaryforahighleveloffruitfillinginmontomoril‐

loniticandorganicmedia・Ｉｎａｐｏｔｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｔest,Eastman13)，usingtheKapaasoilwithacation

exchangecapacityvalueof30.9ｍｅ.，obtainedhigherpeanutyieldsinthepotswithcalcium

treatmentthani、thepotswithoutcalciumtreatment・However，ｈｅｄｉｄｎｏｔｏｂｔａｉｎａｎｙｄｉｆ－

ｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｉｎｙｉｅｌｄｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｔｗｏｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓｗhenusingtheLualuaIeisoilofwhichthecation

exChangecapacitywas77､３ｍｅ・ｐｅｒｌＯＯｇｒａｍ・

Yieldresponseofthepeanuttocalciumandpotassiumhavebeenreportedforvarietiesof

Jumborrunner4'5)，VirginiabunCh1o''1)，Spanishtype24)，andNorthCarolinarunner1o)，butall

varietiesdonotnecessarilyrespondtotheadditionofcalciumｉｎｔｈｅｓａｍｅｗａｙ、Middleton

etqJ・'9）reportedthatthemoststrikingeffectofgypsumtreatmentwasobtainedonthevarieties

ofVirginiabunChandNorthCarolinarunner，ｂｕｔｔｈｅｒｅｗａｓｏｎｌｙａｓｌｉｇｈｔｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｎSpanish

２BandWhiteSpaniSh・TheSpani8h2BandWhiteSpanish，ｅｖｅｎｉｎｔｈｅＣｈｅｃｋｐｌｏｔ，yielded

asmuChastheVirginiabuncｈａｎｄＮｏｒｔｈＣａｒｏｌｉｎａｄｉｄｉｎｔｈｅｐｌｏｔｏfgypsumtreatment・The

additionofpotassiumwithgypsumincreasedplantsizeasawhole・

ThesestrikingeffectsufcalciumonpeanutyieldaremainlyreportedintheUnitedStates・

However，remarkableeffectofpotassiumincombinationwitllcalciumonpeanutyieldhasalso

beenreportedfromAfrica・Piggott22)，onaninfertilesoilofSierraLeone，obtainedonly500

poundsofpeanutsperacreinthecontrol，butincontrastobtained915poundsｏｆｐｅａｎｕｔｆｏｒａ

ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｗｉｔｈ２００ｋｇofpotassiumphosphateand200kgofhydratedlimeperacre・Further-moreheobtainedl,495poundsofpeanutswith200kgofpotassiumphosphate，200ｋｇｏｆ

ｈｙｄｒａｔｅｄｌｉｍｅ，and200kgofmagnesiumsulfateperacre・Comber12）foundthatthebestratio

琉球大学農家政工学部学術報告第１２号（1965） 228 Ｗ

ｏｆＫ:Ca:蝉fortheproductionofpeanuMnaninfertile⑤oilofGambi…320:40:40゜Ⅲ

30:40:３０expressedinmilli-equivalents． MaterialandMethod ＴＨＥＶＡＲＩＥＴＹｏＦＴＨＥＰＥＡＮｕＴ ＴｈｅｐｅａｎｕｔvarietyValenciawasChosenforthepresentexperiment・Thegrowthcharacte-risticofValenciaisasfollows3o)．Theperiodofgrowthtoearlymuturityrequiresaboutl20 days・Ｔｈｅｐｌａｎｔｈａｂｉｔｉｓｅｒｅｃｔａｎｄｆｏｒｍｓａｓmallsemi-bunchgrowth・Peanutvarietiesare usuallyclassifiedintofourtypes，namely：（a)thelarge-seededVirginiawithbothbunCh‐and runner-type8；（b)thetruerunner；（c)theSpaniSh；ａｎｄ（｡)theunclassifiedValenciaisgrouPed withtheunclassifiedbutsometimesgroupedwiththeSpanish，becauseofitssimilaritytothe Spanishinappearance． SoILs ThreesoilsfromPaaloa，Wahiawa，andWaimanaloserieswereusedinthisexperiment、 UncultivatedsurfacesoilswerecoｌｌｅｃｔｅｄｆｒｏｍａｄｅｐｔｈｏｆａｂｏｕｔＯｔｏ７ｉnche８． PbucLJoq8oiJfThissoilbelongsｔｏｔｈｅＨｏｎｏｌｕａｆａｍｉｌｙｏｆｔｈｅＨｕｍｉｃＬａtosol・Thesoilof thePaaloaseriesismainlyplantedtopineapple，whiChingeneralproducesgoodyie1.s・The characteristicsofthePaaloasoil,accordingtoCline9)，arethatthesoilisderivedfromweathered mckinplace，hasadarkgrayishbrowncolor，ｉｓｏｆｓｉｌｔｙｃｌａｙｉｎｔｅｘｔｕｒｅ，isveryfriable，and possessesawelldevelopedstrong，mediumstructure・Ｔｈｉｓｓｏｉｌｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｓ７０ｔｏｌＯＯｉｎｃｈｅｓｏf rainfanannually．ＩtisriChinironoxideandkaolinite、Ｔｈｅｓｏｉｌｕｓｅｄｉｎｔｈｅexperimentwas collectedfromanuncultivatedareaatHelemano，Oahu，wherenativegrassesgrewinmoderate Profusion・SomeChemicalpropertiesoftllesoｉｌａｒｅＳｈｏｗｎｉｎＴａｂｌｅ１． Ｗｂu〃icz伽⑰８０iJfThesoilbelongstotheWahiawaｆａｍｉｌｙｏｆｔｈｅＬｏｗＨｕｍｉｃＬａｔｏＳｏｌ・ Ｔｈｅｓｏｉｌｓｏｆｔｈｉｓｓｅｒｉｅｓａｒｅｍａｉｎｌｙｃultivatedforsugarcaneandpineapple，whiChShowgood production，AccordingtoC1ine9)，thisseriesisderivedfrombasalt，ｄａｒｋｒｅｄｉｎｃｏｌｏｒ，friable

sntyclayintexture，containshighconcentrationofmanganese,possessesgooddrainage，and

receivesannually30to60inChesofrainfall・Thesoilisdominantlykaoliniticandironoxide

inmineralogy・ＴｈｅｓｏｉｌｕｓｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｅＸｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｗａｓcollectedfromanuncultivatednearlyflat

areaofthePoamOhoExperimentStation，wherenativegrassesweregrowinginmoderate

denseness・SomechemicalpropertiesofthesoiｌａｒｅＳｈｏｗｎｉｎＴａｂｌｅＬ Ｗｂｕｉｍｃｕ"qUosoiZ：ThissoilbelongstotheWaimanalofamily，amono-Seriesfamilyofthe LowHUmicLatosoLThesiteisnowmailycultivatedforvegetables，thoughitwasonce

plantedtosugarcane・AccordingtothedescriptionofC1ine9)，thetopsoilisdarkgrayiSh‐

brownincolor；theoriginisalluvium；itisCharacteristicallyhighinexChangeablemagnesium；

andisofmoderatestickinessandplasticity・ItissaidthatthissoilistransitionaltotheDark

MagnesmmC1aygreatsoilgro叩ａｎｄｉｓｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｄｔｏｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓｏｍｅ２:１typeclayminera１８．

Ｔｈｅａｒｅａｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｓ５０ｔｏ６０ｉｎＣｈｅｓｏｆｒainfallannually、Ｔｈｅｓｏｉｌｕｓｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｗａｓ ｃo11ectedfromanuncultivatedareanearthedrainageditchintheB1ockＹｏｆｔｈｅＷａｉｍａｎａｌｏ Ｔａｂｌｅｌ，Chemicalpropertiesoftheexperimentalsoils＊ Ｂａｓｅ _０．ｍ・

PsaturationN

ExChangeable Ｏａｔｉｏｎ ｅｘ・ caPacity Cａ Ｍｇ ＫＮａ soil pＨ ％ Ｍｅ./1009 pｐｍ 0.27 0.24 0.25 ７０３ ●●● ５５５ 16.1 40.7 99.4 Paaloa Wahiawa WaimaTDalo ２８ ４０ １７７ ４．８ ５．４ ６．７ 0．４８ ０．７２ ４．０６ ０．２７ ０．３９ １．７４ 18.5 14.9 41.6 １．１ 3.0 22.9 １．１ ２．０ １２．６ ＊ＥａＣｈｖａｌｕｅｉｓａｍｅａｎｏｆｔｗｏｓｏｉｌｓａｍｐles．

２２９ Ｋ．ＯＹＡ：ResponseandnutrientuptakeofpeanutonHawaiianlatosols ExperimentStation，Thesamplingareaona5percentslopewascoveredwithgrassofmode-ratestandSomeChemicalpropertiesofｔｈｅｓｏｉｌａｒｅｓｈｏｗｎｉｎＴａｂｌｅｌ、 PREPARATIoNoFTHESoILANDADDITIoNoFNuTRIENTs Thetestsoilwassievedthroughaquarterinchmeshscreeninordertoremovelarge clods，Stone８，andremainsofplantroot・Ｉｔｗａｓｔｈｅｎｐｌａｃｅｄｉｎ５ｇａｌｌｏｎｉｒｏｎｓｈeetmetalcans、 Thebasicnutrientelements，ｓｈｏｗｎｉｎＴａｂｌｅ２，wereaddedandmixedthoroughlywitｈｔｈｅ ｓｏｉｌｔｏａｄｅｐｔｈｏｆ７ｉｎＣｈｅｓ・Theamountsofthenutrientelementswerecalculatedonthebasis ofsurfaceａｒｅａｏｆｔｈｅｃａｎａｎｄｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｏｎａｎａcreagebasis、Ｈｙｄｒａｔｅｄｌｉｍｅｗａｓａｄｄｅｄｔｏｔｈｅ ＰａａｌｏａｓｏｉｌｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｒａｉｓｅｉｔｓｐＨｆｒｏｍ４．８ｔ０５．４，ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｔｈｅｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌｐＨｏｆｔｈｅｓｏｉｌｗas consideredtoberatherlowforpeanutgrowth，Potassiumandcalciumwereappliedinvarious combinationasshowninTable３．ThecarriersforpotassiumandcalciｕｍｗｅｒｅＫClandCaSO4， respectively・Ｂｏｔｈｗｅｒｅｍｉｘｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｓｏｉｌａｔｔｈｅｔimethebasicnutrientelementswere added・Foreachsoilthetreatmentswerereplicatedthreetimes・ Table２．Basicnutrientelementsaddedtothesoilsinthepeanutpotexperiment PaaloasoilWahiawasoilWaimanaloｓｏｉｌ （Poundsofelementperacre） Nutrient element Material 882＊ １，０００ １００ ５ ２．５ ５ ２０

仇Ｐ地Ｂ肌助仇

Ca(OHh Treblephos MgSO4･7Ｈ２０ Ｎａ２Ｂ４０７･l0H20 (ＮＨ４)2Ｍo7024.4H20 ZnSO4･Ｈ２０ ＣｕＳＯ４５Ｈ２０ １，０００ －＊＊ ５ ２．５ ５ ２０ 1,000 １００ ５ ２．５ ５ ２０ ＊ＨｙｄｒａｔｅｄｌｉｍｅｗａｓａｄｄｅｄｔｏｔｈｅＰａａｌｏａｓｏｉｌｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｒａｉｓｅｔｈｅｐＨｆｒｏｍ４．５ｔｏ5.4． Theamountofcalciumwasequivalenｔｔｏｌｔｏｎｏｆｌｉｍｅ・Theestimationofcalciumforthe pHraisewasmadeaccordingtoFosterandMatsusaka14)． *＊MagnesiumwasnotaddedtotheWaimanalosoil，sincethesoilwasrichinmagnesium・ Table３．TreatmentcombinationsofKandCaaddedtotheexperimentalsoils Ｋ（inKCD poundsperacre Ca＊（inOaSOJ poundsperacre 800 800 800 800 400 400 400 400 200 200 200 200 ０ ８００ １，６００ ３，２００ ００００ ＊ForthePaaloasoilwhiChreceivedＣａ(OHhtoraiBethepHfrom4､８ｔｏ5.4,additionalseries receivingnoCa(OHhwasincluded． ＰｏＴＡＲ度ANGEMENTANDPLANTING FivegallonSｈｅｅｔｍｅｔａｌｃａｎｓｗｅｒｅｕｓｅｄａｓｔｈｅｐｏｔｆorcontainingthetestsoils・Thepots werefilledwiththetreatedsoilandarrangedinaRandomizedOompleteBloCkdesign・One weakafterthepotswerefilled，treatedandwatered，eighttotenpeanutseedswereplanteｄ ｌｉｎＣｈｄｅｅｐｉｎｅａＣｈｐｏｔ・AfterthepeanutseedlingswerewellestabliShed，ｔｈｅｙwerethinned totwoplantsperpot、Ｔｈｅｐｏｔｓｗｅｒｅｗａｔｅｒｅｄｄａｉｌｙｔｏｎｅａｒｆieldmoisturecapacityoras oftenasrequiredtomaintainnormalgrowthofthepeanuts・ ANALYsIsoFTHESoILANDPEANuTLEAvEｓ ＴｗｏｓｏｎｓａｍｐｌｅｓｆｒｏｍｅａｃｈｓｏｉｌｗｅreanalyzedforpH,cationexchangecapacity,nitrogen，

琉球大学農家政工学部学術報告第12号（1965） 230

phosphorus，potassium，calcium，magnesium，andsodiumpriortothenutrienttreatment，

TableLThesoilpHwasmeasuredwithaBeckmanpHmeter,ｕｓｉｎｇａｌ:１soil-watermixture

afterallowmgittostandovernightwithoccasional8tirring、Cationexchangecapacity,total

nitrogen，andreadilyavailablephosphorusweredeterminedbythemethodgivenbyKanehiro16)．

ThesoilwasextractedwithneutranVammoniumacetateandthenwashedwｉｔｈａｌｃｏｈｏｌｔｏ ｍａｋｅｉｔｆｒｅｅｏｆｅｘｃｅｓｓammoniumacetate・Beingreleasedbyreplacementwithpotassium

chlorideanddistillation，theammoniumretainedbythesoilafteralcOholwashingwasmeasured

asanestimateofthecationexChangecapacity、Totalnitrogenwasdeterminedbydigesting

thesoilwithconcentratedsulfuricacidandasaltmixture，followedbydistillationwithalkali

into4％boricacid，andbytitrationwithsulfuricacid，Readilyavailablephosphoruswas

determinedcolorimetricallyasthephosphomolybdatebluecomplexafterextractionｗｉｔｈ0.02ZV

H2SO４．０a]ciumandmagnesiumweredeterminedbytitrationwithEDTA(ethylene-diaminete‐

traacetate)aftertreatingtheleachate,obtainedinthedeterminationofthecationexChange

capacity，ｗｉｔｈａｑｕａｒｅｇｉａｔｏｒｅｍｏｖｅａｍｍｏｎｉｕｍａcetateandorganicmatteraccordingtothe

proceduressuggestedbyOhapmanandPratt8)．ＡｓｓｕｍｉｎｇｔｈｅＣ/Ｎｒａｔｉｏｏｆｔｈｅｓｏｉｌｔｏｂｅｌ２５

ａｎｄｔｈｅｃａrboncontentoforganicmattertobe５８％，organicmattercontentwasestimated

bymultip]yingthenitrogenbyafactorof21、

Peanutleaveswereanalyzedforpotassium，calcium，andmagnesium・Forthetissue

analyskl，onesamplefromeachreplicationwascollectedfromthefourthandfifthleavesfrom

theapexofthepeanutplantaweekbeforeharvest・Leafsamplesweredriedovemightat

６５.CandgroundinaWilleymill，Thegroundsamplewasashedforseveralhoursat550o0

inamufYlefurnaceandextractedwith6Nhydrochloricacid、Thedilutedsolutionofthe di8solvedaShwasusedfortheanalysis・PotassiumwasdeterminedbyaColemanHamephoto‐

meter・CalciumandmagnesiumweremeasuredbytitrationwithEDTA・Theanalytical

proceduresofthetiElsueanalysisweremostlythoseofChapmanandPratt3)．

Sincetheanalysi8wascarriedoutoｎｔｉｓｓｕｅｓａｍｐｌｅｓｄｒｉｅｄａｔ６５ｏＣ，separatesampleswere

driedovernightatlO5oOThetabulatedvaluesarecalculatedonthelO5oCdry-matterbasis・

HARVEST

ThepeanutwasharvestedWhenitreaChedmaturitywhichwasindicatedbｙｄｒｙｉｎｇａｎｄ

ｙｅｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｌｏｗｅｒｌeaves・Soilparticleswereremovedfromtheplantrootandshells・

Thepeanutswereovendriedfor48hoursat65oCandthenweighed・Theabove-ground

portionplustheundergroundportionincludiｎｇｔｈｅｆｍｉｔｉｓｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄａｓｔｈｅｗｈｏｌｅｐlant・Ｔｈｅ

ｙｌｅｉｄｏｆｂｏｔｈｔｈｅＷｈｏｌｅｐｌａｎｔａｎｄtheShelledpeanutsisexpressedastheoven-dryweightat

65oC、Shellingpercentisexpressedbytheweightofshelledpeanutstothatofthefruitwith

Shells． ResultandDiscussionl GRowTHPERFoRMANcEoFTHEPEANuT

ThepeanutswereplantedonFebruary20andharvestedonJunel5,1963．Germination

oftheseedbegan7daysaftersowingandemergencewascompletedinthefollowinglOdays・

Duringgermination，carewastakentoprotectthepeanutseedlingsfromantsbyspraying

withmalathion・Waterwassuppliedasneededduringtheplantgrowth・Toward8theend

ofthefloweringstage，averyslightappearanceofChlorosiswasobservedontheleafmargin

inallthreesoils，disappearingaftereaChrainfall・Thissymptomwasabsentatmaturity・

TheChlorosisdｉｄｎｏｔｓｅｅｍｔｏｈａｖｅａｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｅｆＴｅｃｔｏnthepeanutgrowth，althoughthecause

itselfwasnotidentified・TheplantsweregenerallylargerontheWahiawaandWaimanalo

soilsthaｎｏｎｔｈｅＰａａｌｏａｓｏｉＬ ＹＩＥＬＤｏＦＴＨＥＷＨｏＬEPEANuTPLANT，SHELLEDPEANuTs，ANDSHELLINGPERcENT Z・RCS"Ｊｔ８０〃PtUqJOcUsOjU・

ＴｈｅｙｉｅｌｄoftheWholeplant，Shelledpeanuts，andtheShellingpercentonthePaaloａ８ｏｉｌ

Ｋ・ＯＹＡ：ResponseandnutrientuptakeofpeanutonHawaiianlatosols ２３１ ａｒｅＳｈｏｗｎｉｎＦｉｇｕｒｅｓｌ，２，ａｎｄ４． Ｉｔｗａｓｓｈｏｗｎｂｙａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｖａｒｉａｎｃｅthattherewasnosignificantdiffeｒｅｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｙｉｅｌｄ ｏｆｔｈｅｗｈｏｌｅｐ]antresultingfromthecalciumtreatment・However，ｔｈｅｙｉｅｌｄｏｆｔｈｅｗｈｏｌｅ ｐｌａｎｔｗａｓｉnfluencedsignificantlybythepotassiumtreatment、Subsequentcomparisonsindicated， ａｓｓｈｏｗｎｉｎＴａｂｌｅ４，ｔｈａｔｔｈｅｙｉｅｌｄｏｆｔｈｅｗｈｏｌｅｐ]antwashigherfortheK-4001evelthａｎ ｆｏｒｔｈｅＫ－０１ｅｖｅＬＴｈｅｙｉｅｌｄｓｉｎｔｈｅotherlevel8ofpotassium，K-200andK-800，werenot significantlyhigherthanｔｈａｔｏｆｔｈｅＫ－ＯｌｅｖｅＬ ＦｏｒｔｈｅｙｉｅｌｄｏｆtheShelledpeanuts,therewasnosignificantdi圧erenceintheyieldresulting eitherfromthepotassiumorcalciumtreatment；however,aslightincreaseinyieldwasobtained fortheK-4001evel・AsignificantcorrelationbetweenthewholeplantandShelledpeanut yieldwasobtained（Fig.３)．Thissuggeststhatanutritionalfactorotherthanpotassiumand calcium，forexamplenitrogen，mayhavelimitedthepeanutyieldinthisexperiment・Thelow peanutyieldinproportiontｏｔｈｅｗｈｏｌｅｐｌａｎｔｙｉｅｌｄｓｅｅｍｓｔｏｂｅｍｏstlyaresultofalow Shellingpercent、Ａｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｗａｓｍａｄｅｔｏｓｅｅｉｆｔｈｅｐｅａnutyieldwasaffectedbysoil 8０ ７『】 （やｏ９へＥｍ）円のやＰ輔屋完角□Ｐロ⑰［曰①【○二琴 ］ ６【】

＜、

くてラプーー圏

５ ４ ＯｏＯ８００ユ，６００〕，２００ oatreatnlent（lbs/A） Fig.１ＹｉｅｌｄｏｆｔｈｅｗｈｏｌｅｐｌａｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｐｅａｎｕtonPaaloasoil treatedwithvaryinｇｒａｔｅｓｏｆＫａｎｄＣａ． 5０ 要。Ｑへロ国）⑩二コ匡呵のロロ①［［①二ｍ』ｏｐＨ①【尻埆①孕孕⑪巳院向ロ 1００ KtreaLmenL（ﾕbs/A） 3０ ＫＫＫＫ

迦麺麺の

三二二＞之三

2０ ０ＣＯ８００エ，6003,200 Ｃａｔ冠atmenb（ｴﾋﾞs/A） Ｆｉｇ．２YieldoftheshelledpeanutsonPaaloasoiltreated withvaryingratesoｆＫａｎｄＣａ．

琉球大学農家政工学部学術報告第１２号（1965） 232 Ｙ 3５ Y■０．５X－２．８５ r-0.863“ （←。。「Ｅ凶）Ｃ【①【所二コ巨飼①Ｐで①［［の二ｍ 3０

:;=;r篭

2５ ２０１。 Ｘ ５０５５６０６５７０ UIho1epﾕanLyie1d（f､/pot） *＊IndicatescorrelationcoefYicienｔａｔｔｈｅ1％１evelofsignificance・ Ｆｉｇ．３RelationｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅＷｈｏｌｅｐｌａｎｔａｎｄＳhelled peanutyieldonPaaloasoil． 8０ Ktreatment（lbs／A） K-800 K-200 K-O K-400 7５

=一二二ﾛｰ≦－－℃

唾凹巨『Ｈ［の二の 7０ 6５ ＯｏＯ８００1,600３D200 CatreatmerTb（lbs/A） Ｆｉｇ．４ShellingpercentofthepeanutonPaaloasoiltreated withvaryingrateｓｏｆＫａｎｄＣａ． Table４．DifferencesinwholeplantyieldsamongKtreatedplots，Paaloasoil.＊ え-60.5 x－５９．７ x-55.7 K-1evel Ｘ 2.0 6.9＊ 4.8 4.0 ２．９ ０．９ 6２．６ ６０．５ ５９．７ ５５．７ ００００ ０００ ４８２－

匹ｆＫＫ

Ｄ＝４．８６ ＊indicatessignificantdifTerenceatthe5％level． *＊ThetreatmentmeanswerecomparedusingTUkey,ｓｍｅｔｈｏｄａｓｄｅｆｉｎｅｄｏｎｐ、２５１ｏｆｔｈｅ ＳｉｑｫisticczUMbｵﾊoCJ8bySnedecor26)．

Ｋ・ＯＹＡ：ResponseandnutrientuptakeofpeanutonHawaiianlatosols ２３３ pHbysupplyingthePaaloasoilwithＣａ(OHhinadditiontothe41evelsofCaS04．No significantdifferences，however，couldbedemonEBtratedbetweenthepeanutyieldsinthecheck (Ca-Oo)andthepHraisedtreatment（Oa-O)．Thisresultseemstobeinaccordancewiththat ofColwellandBrady11)，whoreportedacorrelationcoefYicientaslowas0.182withoutsignifi-cancebetweenpeanutyieldandsoilpHrangingfrom4､９ｔ０６．１． ShellingpercentagewasnearlyconstantforthevaryinglevelsofcaIciumateaChpotassium level、NosignificantdifTerencewasdetectedasaresultofeitherthepotassiumorcalcium treatments、 ２．ECS"ＪｔｓＯ〃WMicU〃cUsOiJ・ Theyieldofthewholeplant，shelledpeanuts，andShelIingpercentontheWahiawａｓｏｉｌ ａｒｅＳｈｏｗｎｉｎＦｉｇｕｒｅｓ５，６，and8 Diiferencesinyieldsofthewholeplantamongcalciumandpotassiumlevelswerenot significant・However，theWholeplantyieldtrendsuggeststhatanincreasingadditionof calciumintheK-2001evelhadafavorableefrect，butadditionsexceedingCa-1,600resultedin decreasedyields・FortheK-4001evel，theyieldsincreasedwithincreasedadditionsofcalcium・ Statistically，ｉｔｗａｓｆｏｕｎｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｒｅｗｅｒｅｎｏｄｉｆｒｅrencesintheshelledpeanutyieldseither amongpotassiumlevelsoramongcalciumlevels・Therewasasignificantcorrelationbetween theWholeplantandshelledpeanutyields（Fig.７)．TheShelledpeanutyielddecreaseda8the

calciumincreasedintheK-0andK-8001evels・Onlyasmallvariationintheshelledpeanut

yieldoccurredwiththeincreasedadditionofcalciumfortheK-2001eveLFortheK-4001evel，

Ktreatment（1bS/Ａ） ユ K－１ｐＯ （Ｐｏｓ島）山①怠甸白巨□省②［ロ①Ｈｏニェ ” Ｋ－Ｏ K-200 K-800 8０ 7０ ０８００1,600３D200 Catreat琿nｔ（ｍｓ/A） Fig.５ＹｉｅｌｄｏｆｔｈｅｗｈｏｌｅｐｌａｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｐｅａｎｕtonWahiawa soiltreatedwithvaryiｎｇｒａｔｅｓｏｆＫａｎｄＣａ． ０ ０ ０ ５ ４ ３ ｍ貧后同Ｒ」「湖Ｈ［の二⑩田◎一月①『湧角①吾・国口声昌 Ktreament（1bs/A） K-ZoOO 曰

幻諏緬

ＫＫＫ ０８００１，６００３D200 CatmBtment（ﾕbs/A） Fig.６Yieldofthe8helledpeanutsonWahiawasoil treatedwithvaryingratesｏｆＫａｎｄＯａ．

琉球大学農家政工学部学術報告第12号（1965） 234 つ且、§〉日①冨倶目⑩固忌目の房 ｺムドャロ 帥｡1。ｐｍｎｔｙｉｅ１ｄ（廓/pot） *＊IndicatescorrelationcoefYicienｔａｔｔｈｅｌ先levelofsignificance・ Ｆｉｇ．７Relationshipbetweenthewholeplantand shelledpeanutyieldonWahiawasoil． 8０

＜＞一亀欝

7５ 唾印目目＠両 7０ 6５ ＯＢＯＯユ,600３D200 CBtFe…｡nｔ（ﾕbs/A） Ｆｉｇ．８ShellingpercentofthepeanutonWahiawasoil treatedwithvaryingratｅＢｏｆＫａｎｄＣａ． theincreasedcalciumadditionseeｍｅｄｔｏｒｅｓｕｌｔｉｎａｈｉｇｈｅｒｙｉｅｌｄｏｆｔｈｅshelledpeanuts・ Amongthevariouspotassiumlevels，ｔｈｅＫ－４００１ｅｖｅｌｓｅｅｍｅｄｔｏｂｅｓｌｉｇｈｔｈigherinyieldthan otherS・ TherewerenosignificantdifferencesinShellmgpercenteitheramongpotassiumlevels・ TheSheningpercentvariedinanarrowrangeexceptforthaｔｏｆｔｈｅＫ－０１ｅｖｅｌ・FortheK-0 1evel，theshellingpercentwasdepressedwiththeincreasedadditionofcalcium・Theresult onShellingpercentagreeswiththedataonshelledpeanutyieldinwhiChnosignificantyie】d increasewasobtainedforeitherthecalciumorpotassiumtreatment、 3．ＥＢＳ〃〃８０〃ＷｍｍＣｍＺｑＪＯＳＯｉＺ、 Theyieldsofwholeplant，shelledpeanuts，andshellingpercentontheWaimanalosoilare 8howninFigures９，１０，andl2 TheanalysisofvarianceShowednosignificantdi圧erenceofthewholeplantyieldamong calciumandpotassiumlevels・ThefO11owingtrendswereobserved：ｆＯｒｔｈｅＫ－０１ｅｖｅｌ，the highestyieldwasobtainedatCa-1,600；fortheK-2001evel，ｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｅｓｔｙｉｅｌｄｗａｓｓｈｏｗｎａｔ Ｃａ－3,200；fortheK-4001evel，thehighestyieldwasShownatCa-0・Ｔｈｅａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎｏｆ４００

Ｋ、ＯＹＡ：ResponseandnutrientuptakeofpeanutonHawaiianlatosols ２３５ ｍ ⑪ ８ （ＰＲこ『且）角８昌目ロロ貿司【巳銅肖曾量 Ｋｔ亜atmmTb（lbB

“

１夕麺

》

Ａ』 グノⅨ ｒ】閂Ｌ Kの ０８００ユ9600,D200 Catzもatmont（ﾕbe/A） Fig.９ＹｉｅｌｄｏｆｔｈｅｗｈｏｌｅｐｌａｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｐｅａｎｕtonWaimanalo soiltreatedwithvarｙｉｎｇｒａｔｅｓｏｆＫａｎｄＣａ． い”、

⑩貫司①□で①同蛋屋電雫誼魍武山且留圃院昌

二三三三二三三三二＝

9懲淵 ０８００ユ９６００3,200 Ｃａｔ宛Btment（ｍＢ/A） Fig.１０YieldoftheShelledpeanutsonWaimanalosoil treatedwithvaryingratｅｓｏｆＫａｎｄＣａ． Ｙ 。 ＬＪ ｏＯＣ つ〆 3５ ０５０ ３２２ ＰＲざ団）ロ［⑳【院○コ目①○口①【［①二の ３ ､5１ ○ Ｘ ６０６５７０７５８０Ｂ５ Ｍ１ｏ１ｅｐ１ａｎｔｙｉｅ１。（9m/pot） *＊Indicatescorrelationcoeflicienｔａｔｔｈｅ1％Ievelofsignificance Fig、１１RelationShipbetweentheWholeplantand shelledpeanutyieldonWaimanalosoil．

琉球大学農家政工学部学術報告第１２号（1965） 236 ８０ Ktreatment（ﾕbs/A） 7５ _麺釦姻 一一一 ＫＫＫ 7０ 6５ Kの 。 6０ ０８００1,6003,200 Catreatment（1bs/A） Ｆｉｇ．１２ShellingpercentofthepeanutonWaimanalo soiltreatedwithvaryingrａｔｅｓｏｆＫａｎｄＣａ、

poundsofpOtassiumperacreseemedtoproduceagoodyieldresponsewithoutanyaddition

ofcalcium、FortheK-8001evel，thehighestyieldwasobtainedatCa-800．

TheanalysisofvarianceShowedthaｔtherewerenosigniUcantdifferencesintheShelled

peanutyieldsamongpotassiumandcalciumlevels・AlthoughnosignificantdifTerenceswere

detectedintheeffectofpotassiumandcalciumonshelledpeanutyields，asignificantcalcium

xpotassiuminteractionwasfound・Thisinteractionappearedtobedepressiveinthatthe

Shelledpeanutyielddecreasedslightlywhenboththecalciumandpotassiuｍｓｕｐｐｌｙｗａｓｉｎ‐

creased・Itwasfoundthattheshelledpeanutyieldcorrelatedsignificantlytothatofthe wholeplantyield(Fig.１１)，ａｓｓｈｏｗｎｏｎｔｈｅＰａａｌｏａａｎｄＷａｈｉａｗａｓｏils・ Theanalysisofvarianceshowedthattherewasnosignificantdifferenceintheshelling

percentamongpotassiumandcalciumlevels・ShellingpercentfortheWaimanalosoilingeneral

remainedrelativelyconstantexceptfortheK-01evel，whichShowedamarkeddepressionby theadditionof3,200poundsofcalciumperacre・Nosignificantinteractionontheshelling ;０ Ｅ］FJuZalDf 、 ０ ０ ４ ３ （亭只く戸団〉ロ［①「尻ニコ一同の□「温『【①二⑪ 際ツ ＬＪ

繊

、０ 6０ 7０ 8０ 9０ 5０ Ｗｈｏ１ｅｐｍｎｔｙｉｅﾕ。（印/pot） *＊IndicatescorrelationcoefIicienｔａｔｔｈｅ1％levelofsignificance Fig、１３Relationshipbetweenthewholeplantand ShelledpeanutyieldonthreeSoils．

Ｋ、ＯＹＡ：ResponseandnutrientuptakeofpeanutonHawaiianlatosols ２３７ percentbetweenpotassiumandcalciumtreatmentwasdetected・However，itwouldbecorrect toconsiderthatthemarkeddepressionatCa-3,200ｉｎｔｈｅＫ－０１ｅｖｅｌｉｍｐｌｉｅｄｓｏｍｅｐｒｏｂｌｅmsof soilmanagementandfertility；ｔｈａｔｉｓ，theheavyapplicationofcalciumatthelowpotassium levelresultedinratherpoorfruitfillingofthepeanut、 4．ＩＭｑｔｉｏ"shiPbct〃cc〃ｔｈｅ〃ｈ０ＪＢＰｃｑ""ｔＰＪｑ"ｔｃｕｍｓ〃c脱ＣＪＰｅｑ""オン化Zｄｏ〃ｔ舵ｔ〃γBesoils・ Ａｓｉｔｗａｓｆｏｕｎｄｉｎｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｄｉｎｇｓｅｃｔionthattherewasasignificantcorrelationbetween thewholepeanutplantyieldandshelledpeanutyieldineaChsoiLAsubsequentstatistical analysiswascomputedtostudytherelationshipbetweentheyieldsonallthreesoils．Ａ significantcorrelationcoeHicientwasobtainedbetweenthewholepeanutplantandshelled peanutyield（Fig.１３)． 5．BcJqtio"sﾊｲｐＭ〃Ce〃ｔｈｅｓＭｌｅ〔Jpecu""オシieUcIcM〃"帆c"teJcmc"ｵｓｑ/､伽ｓ０ｉＪｑｍＰＩｑ"ｔ ｔｆ８８ｗ・ CorrelationbetweentheShelledpeanutyieldandnutrientelementsofthesoilsandplant tissueofthepeanutwasstudieCLTherewasnostatisticallysignificantcorrelationbetween

theShelledpeanutyieldandnutrientelementseitherofthｅｓｏｉ]ｓｏｒｏｆｔｈｅｐｌａｎｔｔｉｓｓｕｅ,except

ｆｏｒｔｈｅｒａｔｉｏｏｆＫ/Ｖｍａ＋Ｍｇ)/２oftheplanttissuefromthePaaloasoilandplantCalcium

fromtheWahiawａｓｏｉｌ（Table５)．ThetwosignificantcorrelationcoefMentswereprobably obtainedbychance，becauseanysuchdefinitetendencyｗａｓｎｏｔｓｈｏｗｎｏｎｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｓｏｉｌｓ・Ｈｏｗ－ ever,itwasdetectedthatthecorrelationbetweenthesheUedpeanutyieldandK/Ｖ(Ca＋Ｍｇ)/２ oftheplanttissuewasgenerallyhigherthanthatofthesoils・Thiswouldindicatethatthe ｒａｔｉｏｏｆＫ/Ｖ(Ca＋Ｍｇ)/２ｏｆｔｈｅｐｌａｎｔｔｉｓｓｕｅｉｓｔｈｅｍｏｒｅｓｅｎｓｉtiveindicatoroftheshelled peanuｔｙｉｅｌｄ Ｔａｂｌｅ５・Relationshipbetweentheshelledpeanutyieldand nutrientelementsofsoilsandplanttissue Yieldvs，soil soil K/Ｖ(０ Ｋ Cａ _{a＋Ｍｇ)/２} Paaloa Wahiawa Waim2nalo 0.394 0.121 0.019 0.192 0.357 ０．００４ 0.312 0.086 0.120 ｒｒｒ －－ Yieldvs・Plant soil

ＭｇＫ/Ｖで

Ｋ Ｃａ _{a＋Ⅲg)/２} Paaloa Wahiawa Waimanalo 0.034 0057 0.162 ０．１６７ 0.638＊ ０．３３７ 0.307 0.096 0.237 0.459＊ ０．２６０ ０．１３６ ｒｒｒ ＊IndicatescorrelationcoefYicienｔａｔｔｈｅ５％１evelofsignificance． ResultandDiscussionll NuTRIENTUPTAKEoFTHEPEANuT Peanutleaveswereanalyzedforpotassium，calcium，andmagnesiumtostudyhowthe uptakeofthesenutrientswasafTectedbythevaryingratesofpotassiumandcalcium・ Z・EesOUZtsO〃PCLcUJoq80iJ・ TheresultofleafanalysisofthepeanutplantgrownonPaaloasoilisShowninFigureｓｌ４ａ， 14b・AnalysesofvarianceShowedthatthepotassium，calcium，ａｎｄmagnesiumuptakeof peanutplantswassignificantlyaffectedbybothpotassiumandcalciumtreatments・ Thepotassiumcontentrangedfrom1.15ｔｏ3.54％ａｎｄｃａｌｃｉｕｍｆｒｏｍＬ８６ｔｏ３､29％・ Differencesofthepotassiumcontentswerecomparedamongvariouspotassiumandcalcium

琉球大学農家政工学部学術報告第１２号（1965） 238 ３．５ ３．０ ２．５ 、『⑪⑪Ｑ由⑪ＰｐｍＥＩ託いつ■⑩戸ＯＰＯ『（渓〉ＰＰ①ＰＥｏＣｍ霞 、） Ｋン 、） ● ● ● １（ 、） （Ｕ 、何ｍｍＣ円の二二ｍ白０戸Ｐロロ①シｏｐｏ（（承）Ｐロ①ニロ○○．■○つロ、ま ２．０ 1.5 Cａ Ｋ “】 200 200 200 200 200 ３．５ ３．０ ２．５ ２．０ 1.0 1.５ ユ.０ 0.5 ０．０ ０ １【 【Ｘ ＫＯＯＯＯＯ ＫａｎｄＣａｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎＭ１ｂｓ/A） Fig.１４ａＫ，Ｃａ，andMgcontentofpeanutplantsgrowｎｏｎ ＰａａｌｏａｓｏｉｌａｓａｆｒｅｃｔｅｄｂｙＫａｎｄＣatreatment． Table６．PercentKcontentofpeanutplantsasaffected byvaryingratesofKandCatreatment Catreatment Ktreatment Ｃａｌｅｖｅｌ Ｋ１ｅｖｅｌ PaaloaWahiawaWaimanalo PaaloaWahiawaWaimanalo 2．８５ ２．８６ ２．４８ ２．３７ ２．３１ 00 0 800 1,600 3,200 2.83 3.16 ２．８１ ２．７６ 2．４７ ２．５５ ２．６９ ２．９５ 1.41＊ 2．３６ ３．０３ ３．４９ ７７４０ ８８９９ ●●●● ２２２２ ２．５８ ２．７３ ２．７９ ３．０８ 0 200 400 800 0．４６ｎ.８．０．２７ Ｄ＝０．９７ ０．３０ｎ.８.*＊ ＊Thesidelinedvaluesindicatethattherelsnosignificantdifference]argerthantheDvalue．● *＊ｎ.８．standsfornoBignificantdifferenceamongtreatmentsasfoundinanalysesofvariance．

Ｋ・ＯＹＡ _{ResponseandnutrientuptakeofpeanutonHawaiianlatosols 239} ４．０ ３．５ ３．０ 。⑩『⑩⑪ｐ角①ＰＰ⑩ＥＩ門陶ロロのシ◎ロ。（（於）Ｐｐの二口。。⑪。ご屑⑩聖 2.5 ● Ｕ， ・Ｆ１

ｴ･oｊｉ

２．０ 、且着信Ｊロロ：シｏｐｏ《（淫）翌５糧８四ｚ Ｅノ （Ｕ ● ● （Ｕ （Ｕ 1,600 ８００ 3,200８００ 800 800 ａ 〔ＵＫｍ

山翅

００ 印 ● ● ● ● 〔ベン『イジ〔グ｛（〆』 日０易０ ｴ.０ 0.5 ０．０ 3,200 ム００ 1,６００ ４００ 800 ﾑ0０ Ｏｏ ４００ ０ ４００ ａ （Ｕ》八 KandCatreatmpnt（lbg/A） Fig.１４ｂ Ｋ，Ｃａ，andMgcontentofoeanutplantsgrowｎ ＰａａｌｏａｓｏｉｌａｓａｆｆｅｃｔｅｄｂｙＫａｎｄＣａtreatment． ｏｎ Table７．PercentCacontentofpeanutplantsａｓａｆｆｅｃｔｅｄ ｂｙｖａｒｙｉｎｇｒａｔｅｓｏｆＫａｎｄCatreatment Ktreatment Catreatment Ｋ１ｅｖｅｌ Calevel

Paaloa WahiawaWaimanalo Paa]Cａ WahiawaWaimaT1alo ００ ０ ８００ 2．１７ ０ ２００ 2．９６ 2．６６ ３．１２ 2．４８ ２．４７ 3．２０ 2.78 ２．６９ 3．１１ 2．８１ 2．５５ 3.04 400 ２．５０ ２．５４ 3.24 1.600 2．８８ 2．６９ 2．１４ 800 ２．５３ 2．７６ ３．１４ 3.200 3．１３ 2．９３ 3.24 Ｄ＝０．４１ ｎ.ｓ ｎ.ｓ ０．５７ 0．４６ ｎ.ｓ

琉球大学農家政工学部学術報告第１２号（1965） 240 Table８．PercentMgcontentofpeanutplantsasaffected byvaryingratesofKanｄＣａｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ Catreatment Ktreatment Calevel ＫＩｅｖｅｌ PaaloaWahiawaWaimanalo Pa210aWahiawaWaiTnanalo 0．５２ ０．４５ ０．４０ ｑ３４ ０．３１ ００ ０ ８００ １，６００ ３，２００ ０．５４ ０．５１ ０．４６ ０．４９ ０．５３ ０．５２ ０．４５ ０．３８ 0．５０ ０．３７ ０．３８ ０．３６ ０．４２ ０．４７ ０．５４ ０．４４ 0．５４ ０．５１ ０．４６ ０．４９ 0 200 400 800 0．１８０．１４ｎ.s， Ｄ＝0.14０．１２ｎ.Ｓ、 ● ● ｎ勺〆〔『ン の『の⑪ｐ魚の二早口屋０房角ロ原①戸ｏＰｏへ〈承）孕民①Ｐｐｏ○国。 ２． 、『⑩⑩△ｈ①ニニロＥｌ院陶。Ｐ①戸◎ロ。（（承）②色①ＰｐｏＣ凹毒 、） 貝グ （Ｕ ● ● Ｏ Ｓ上 （Ｕ （Ｕ 2． 4ｍ ● ● 〔『●二【『ン ５ ０ ロ皀国 ２．５０ 翠 １．０ ２． 0.5 ０．０ 瓠 Ｃａ Ｋ ＯＯＯＯ ＫａｎｄＣａｔｒｅａｔＩｎｅｎｔＫﾕbs/A） Ｋ，Ｃａ，andMgcontentofpeanutplantSgrowｎｏｎ ＷａｈｉａｗａｓｏｉｌａｓａｆｆｅｃｔｅｄｂｙＫａｎｄOatreatment． Ｆｉｇ．１５ａ と

Ｋ・ＯＹＡ：ResponseandnutrientuptakeofpeanutonHawaiianlatosols ２４１ levels（Table６)．Subsequentcomparisonsofthecalciumcontentinpeanutplantsamongpotas-siumandcalciumtreatmentsｗｅｒｅＳｈｏｗｎｉｎＴａｂｌｅ７・Ｔｈｅ］owestlevelsofpotassiumwere obtainedattheK-O1evel，andthelowestcalciumcontentoccurredintheCa-Ootreatment・ Ontheotherhand，thehighestpotassiumcontentwasobtainedinK-800，ａｎｄthehighest calciumcontentatOa-3,2000．Ｔｈｉｓｍａｙｉｍｐ】ythattheadditionofpotassiumandcalciumis reflectedimmediatelyintheplantbecauseofthelowcontentofpotassiumandcalciuminthe Paaloasoil（Tableｌ)．Themagnesiumcontentrangedfrom０．１８ｔｏ0.62％、Differencesofthe magnesiumcontentamongvariouspotassiumandcalciumlevelswerecompared（Table８)．It isnoteworthythatthedepressionofmagnesiumfrom0.50ｔｏ0.18％tookplacewithanin-creasingsupｐｌｙｏｆｃａｌｃｉｕｍｆｏｒｔｈｅＫ－８００１ｅｖｅＬ Ａｓawhole，therewasanantagonisticrelationShipinthecontentofpotassiumandcalcium・ ThepotassiumcontentincreasedwiｔｈａｎincreasingsupplyofpotassiumbutdecreasedWhen thecalciumsupplywasincreasedandviceversaincalciumcontent・IntheK-8001evel，the relationshipofpotassiumandcalciumcontentseemedtoagreewiththatofBurkhartand Oollins6)．Themagnesiumcontenttendedtodecreasewithanincreasedsupplyofcalcium・ However，sincethevariationofmagnesiumcontentwasrelativelysmall,itwouldbereasonable toconsiderthatthereisanantagonisticrelationshipbetweenpotassiumandcalciumplusmagne‐ sｉｕｍａｓｓｈｏｗｎｉｎｏｔｈｅｒｐｌａｎｔｓpecies31)． 2．ResOLJtso〃ＷＭｆｑ〃q8ojJ・ TheresultsoftheleafanalysesforｔｈｅｐｅａｎｕｔｐｌａｎｔｓｇｒｏｗｎｏｎＷａｈｉａｗａｓoｉｌａｒｅＳｈｏｗｎ ５０５ ● ● ● ３３２ 。⑩『⑪ｍｐｈ①二ｐｍ屋０澆角ロ臣①』Ｃ■◎へ（承）ＰｐのＰＥｏＵ凶Ｚ ｎ〉 区ノ （Ｕ ● ● ● １（ （Ｕ （Ｕ 切引、句ｐ由①孕旦飼臼 ２．０

△－－△一旦Ｌ-△＿△

院陶でロ①シｏｐｏＡ（承）昌巨①至巨。。⑪◎でロ飼睾 ａ （ｕｋＬ ００ 印 800 800 1，600８００ 3,200８００ 3． 3． ２． ２． 1.０ ０．５ －こ」 雨fｉ ０．０ ０Ｋ ４００ ４００ ４００ ４００ KandCatregtment（ﾕbB/A） Ｋ，Ｃａ，andMgcontentofpeanutplantsgrowｎｏｎ ＷａｈｉａｗａｓｏｉｌａｓａｆｆｅｃｔｅｄｂｙＫａｎｄCatreatment． Ｆｉｇ．１５ｂ

琉球大学農家政エ学部学術報告第12号（1965） 242 ３ ３ の詞切ロロ胸①ＰＰ⑪曰Ｕ院角ロ ２２ 1.０ ’１ L」 ０．５ Ｐ①鈩○負○へ（殻）ニロの竺巨。。、毒 ０．０ 弓【 ｃＫ 200 200 200 200 ５０５０ ● ● ● ● ３３２２ ユ.０ ０．５ ０．０ Ｃａ Ｏ８００1,6003,200 ＫＯＯＯＯ ＫａｎｄＣａｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ（lbs/A） Ｆｉｇ．１６ａＫ，Ｃａ，andMgcontentofpeanutplantsgrowｎｏｎ ＷａｉｍａｎａｌｏｓｏｉｌａｓａｆｒｅｃｔｅｄｂｙＫａndCatreatment・

inFigs、１５ａａｎｄｌ５ｂ・AnalysesofvarianceShowedthatthepotassiumuptakewassignificantly

afTectedbythepotassiumtreatment・Thecalciumuptakewassignificantlyaffectedbythe calciumtreatment，andtheuptakeofmagnesiumwassignificantlya圧ectedbybothpotassium andcalciumtreatments・ Thepotassiumcontentrangedfrom2､５３ｔｏ3.28％andcalciumcontentfrom245t03.38％． Comparisonsofthepotassiumandcalciumcontentinpeanutplantsfortherespectivepotas‐ BiumandcalciumtreatmentswereShowninTableｓ６ａｎｄ７・Thelowestcontentofpotassium wasobtainedatCa-3,200ｉｎＫ－Ｏ，andthelowestcontentofcalciumwaｓａｔＣａ－ＯｉｎＫ－３００・ ThehighestcontentofpotassiumwaｓｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄａｔＣａ－０ｉｎＫ－８００ａｎｄｔｈｅｈｉghestcontentof calciumwasatCa-3,200inK-800・ ThemagnesiumcontentrangedfromO､３８ｔｏ0.64％・ThemagnesiumcontentdidnotShift muchwithpotassiumsupplybutitdecreasedwithmcreasingadditionsofcalcium、Difference ofthemagnesiumcontentinpeanutplantsforpotassiumandcalciumlevelswascomparedin Tabｌｅ８ ＡｓａＷｈｏｌｅ，onWahiawasoil，theantagonisticrelationShipbetweenpotassiumanｄｃａｌｃｉｕｍ ｗａｓｎｏｔａｓｅｖｉｄｅｎｔａｓｔｈａｔｏnPaaloasoil・However，therewasatrendofantagonismshown bythedepressionofpotassiumcontentassociatedwiththeincreaseofcalciumcontentfrom Ca-1,600ｔｏＣａ-3,200atthefonowinglevelsofpotassium，K-O，K-200andK-80０． ３．RCS〃Ｊｔ８０〃ＷｂＵｉｍｑ"cLZo80iU・ Theresultsofleafanalysisforpotassium，calcium，andmagnesiuminthepeanutplant ￣

Ｋ・ＯＹＡ：ResponseandnutrientuptakeofpeanutonHawaiianlatosols 243 ５０ ５ “Ⅸ ５０ ５０ ● ｑ ● ● ● ● ● ３３２ ２．－ ３３２ ．ｍ「⑭２８ぢ２－百口ロ①シ・ロ。《（渓）ニロ①Ｐｐ８⑪。巳⑩望 ●。 。低【口⑩△由⑪ニヂ旬日０戸魚ロ色①シｏＥｏへ（津）ＰＥ①今ＰＯＣ画毒 1．０ ０．５ －－－△ △ ０．０ 3,200 ８００ 600 800 800 800 1 ０ ８００

＜＞

1.0 ２．０ ０．５ ０．０ Ｃａ _{Ｏ８００１８６００３，２００} Ｋ４００４００４００ＬＯＯ ＫａｎｄＣａｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ（lbs/A） Fig.１６ｂＫ，Ｃａ，andMgcontentofpeanutplantsgrowｎｏｎ ＷａｉｍａｎａｌｏｓｏｉｌａｓａｆｆｅｃｔｅｄｂｙＫａndCatreatment． ｇｒｏｗｎｏｎＷａｉｍａｎａｌｏｓｏｉｌａｒｅｓｈｏｗｎｉｎＦｉｇｓ，１６aandl6hAnalysesofvarianceshowedthat onlytheuptakeofpotassiumwassignificantlyaffectdbythecalciumtleatment,whileneither uptakeofcalciumnormagnesiumwassignificantlyaffectedbythetreatmentsofpotassiumand calcium・ Thepotassiumcontentrangedfrom2､６４ｔ03.15％andcalciumcontent291to3､55％・ DifferenceofpotassiumcontentinpeanutplantsamongcalciumlevelsｗａｓｓｈｏｗｎｉｎＴａｂｌｅ６・ Magnesiumcontentwasinarangeof0.31ｔ00.59％、Nodefinitetrendwasobservedinthe Changeofthemagnesiumcontenteithertothelevelofpotasｓｉｕｍｏｒｔｏｔｈｅｓｕｐｐｌｙｏｆｃａｌｃｉｕｍ・ Ａｓａｗｈｏｌｅ，aslighttendencyofpotassiumcontenttodecreasewithincreasingaddition ofcalciumwasshown，ｂｕｔｔｈｉｓｗａｓｎｏｔａｓａｐｐｒｅｃｉａｂｌｅａｓｔｈatofthePaaloaandWahiawa soils・Thetendencyofthecalciumcontenttoincreasewiththeaddedincrementｓｏｆｃａｌｃｉｕｍ ｗａｓｒａthernegligible・Consequently，itmaybeconcludedthattheantagonisticrelationship betweenpotassiumandcalciumforthepeanutinWaimanalosoilwasnotnoteworthy． Summary TheefTectsofvaryingpotassiumandcalciumratesonthepeanutyieldwasstudiedusing threeHawaiianLatosolsinapotexperiment、Totalvegetativeyields（wholeplant)，Shelled peanutsandsheUingpercentagesasrelatedtosoiltreatmentwereanalVzedstatistically．

琉球大学農家政工学部学術報告第１２号（1965） 244

Totalvegetativeyie]dincreasedsignificantlywithpotassiumtreatmentinthePaaloasoiL

ＯｎｔｈｅＷａｈｉａｗａｓｏｉｌｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｔｏｓｏｉｌｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔａｓｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄｂｙａｎｙｆｏｒｍｏｆpeanutyieldfailed

togivesignificantresults・Asignificantinteractionwasfoundintotalvegetativeyieldasa

resuｔｏｆｓｏｎｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅＷａｉｍａｎａｌｏｓoiLWhennopotassiumwasaddedtothesoil，

increasingcalciumlevelsseriouslydepressedtheShelledpeanutyieldandshellingpercentage・

AsignificantcorrelationwasestabliShedbetweenSheUedpeanutandtotalvegetativeyield

forallsoils・Thescatterdiagram（Fig.１３）indicatesthatthelimitingfactororfactors，for

thepeanutyieldsmayhavebeenavariableorvariables,otherthanthoseforwhiClLtheex‐

perimentwasdesigned，ＩｔｗａｓｐｒｅｓｕｍｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｒａｔｉｏｏｆＫ/Ｖ(Ca＋Ｍｇ)/２oftheplantwas

asensitiveindicatoroftheShelledpeanutyield・

Thepotassiumandcalciumtreatmentssignificantlyaffectedthepotassium，calcium，and

magnesiumuptakeofthepeanutplantasShownbytissueanalyses・Anantagonistictrend

betweenpotassiumandcalciumuptakewasevidentonthePaaloaandWahiawasoils、Onthe

Waimanalosoil，thecalciumtreatmentsignificantlyafYectedthepotassiumuptake．

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246 _{琉球 大 学鹿家 政工 学部 学術報 告第 12号 (1965)}

- ワイの ラ トゾール土壌 にお いてカ 7

)及 びカル シウムの

･ 施用が落花生 の増収量 と養分吸収 に及ぼす影響 (

要約)

大 屋 一 弘 ハワイの ラ トゾール土壌においてカ リ及びカルシゥムを程々の割合で落花生に施用 した場合,落花 生の収塵に どの ような効果があるか と云 うことをポ ットを用いて試験を行な った｡ そ して落花生の全植物体,剥実重及び剥実率がか Jとカル シゥムの施用によって どのように影響 さ れたかについて統計的に検討 して見た｡ パアロア土壌では,か J施用によって落花生の全植物体重が有為に増加 した｡ ワヒアワ土壌では全 植物体,剥実重及び剥実率何れについて もカ リとカルシゥムの施用が有為な影響を与えなかった｡ ワ イマナロ土塊においては,落花生の全植物体の収量についてカ リとカル シゥムの相互阻害作用がは っ きりと見 られた｡また ワイマナロ土壌では無か Jの場合にカルシゥムを増加 して与えるとかえって剥 実重及び剥実率が著 しく低下 した｡ パアロア,ワヒアワ及び ワイマナロの土壌においていずれ も剥実重 と全植物重 との間に有為な相関 々係が見 られた｡第 13図の結果から,この試験においては が Jやカル シゥム以外の養分が落花生の 生育制限因子であろ うと推測 された｡ 剥実重については 植物体中 の 敏感な指標 とな るもの と思われた｡ +Mg)/2割合がより カ リ及びカル シゥムの施用はそれぞれ,カリ,カルシゥム,マグネシゥムの吸収に影響することが 落花生葉の分析によって示 された｡