Ignition and Combustion Characteristics of Highly Densified Biomass Briquette

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㧗ᐦᗘࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫࣈࣜࢣࢵࢺࡢ╔ⅆ⇞↝≉ᛶ 㹼 ࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮฼⏝࡟ྥࡅ࡚ 㹼

ఀᮾ ᘯ⾜

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㸪஭⏣Ẹ⏨

^㸨㸨

㸪⸨⏣ಟ

^㸨㸨㸨

Ignition and Combustion Characteristics of Highly Densified Biomass Briquette

Hiroyuki ITO

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, Tamio IDA

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, Osamu FUJITA

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㸯㸬⥴ゝ

ᆅ⌫ ᬮ໬࠾ࡼࡧ໬▼⇞ᩱ㈨※ᯤῬࡢၥ㢟࠿ࡽ㸪㏆ᖺ

෌⏕ྍ⬟࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࣮࢝࣎ࣥࢽ࣮ࣗ

ࢺࣛࣝࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࢆ⫼ᬒ࡜ࡍࡿ᳜≀⏤᮶ࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫࡢ⇞ᩱ

໬ࡶࡑࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࣮࢝࣎ࣥࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝ࡜ࡣ㸪᳜

≀ࡀ኱Ẽ୰࠿ࡽ྾཰ࡍࡿ஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲㔞࡜㸪ࡑࡢ᳜≀ࢆࣂ

࢖࣐࢜ࢫ⇞ᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚⇞↝ࡋࡓ㝿࡟ᨺฟࡉࢀࡿ஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲

㔞ࢆᆒ⾮ࡉࡏࡿ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ኱Ẽ୰ࡢ஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲㔞ࢆேⅭ

ⓗάື࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ቑ኱ࡉࡏ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࣂ࢖࢜

࣐ࢫࡢ⇞ᩱ฼⏝ࡣྂࡃ࠿ࡽ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⌧ᅾ࡛ࡶⓎᒎ

㏵ୖᅜࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡚ࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫᅛయࢆ┤᥋⇞↝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜

࡟ࡼࡾᗈࡃ฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⁽¹⁾㸬ᅛయࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫ⇞ᩱࡢ฼

⏝ᙧែ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫᮦࢆࢳࢵࣉ≧ࡸᚤ⢊≧࡟⢊

○ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡍࡿࡶࡢ㸪࣌ࣞࢵࢺࡸࣈࣜࢣࢵࢺ࡟1ḟຍᕤ ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡍࡿࡶࡢ㸪ࡲࡓⅣ໬࣭࢞ࢫ໬ࡢ๪⏕≀࡜ࡋ࡚ᚓ

ࡽࢀࡿࢳ࣮ࣕࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫᮦࢆᅽ

⦰ᡂᙧࡋ࡚࣌ࣞࢵࢺࡸࣈࣜࢣࢵࢺ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪࢚ࢿࣝ

ࢠ࣮ᐦᗘࢆ኱ࡁࡃฟ᮶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㈓ⶶࡸ㍺㏦ࢥࢫࢺࢆ๐ ῶ࡛ࡁࡿ࡯࠿㸪⇞ᩱࡢᆒ㉁ᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ⇞ᩱ

ࡢ⇞↝ไᚚࢆ⾜࠺ୖ࡛᭷฼࡜࡞ࡿ㸬

ᅛయࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫࡢ⇞ᩱ໬࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪⇞ᩱ〇㐀࣭ᙉᗘホ ౯➼ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽከࡃࡢ◊✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ^(2-6)㸬୍᪉㸪Ọ ᶫࡽ⁽⁷⁾ࡀᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪⇞↝≉ᛶ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ಶࠎ

*෸ᩍᤵ ᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉

Associate Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

*෸ᩍᤵ ㏆␥኱Ꮫ⌮ᕤᏛ㒊 ᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉

Associate Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Kinki University

*ᩍᤵ ໭ᾏ㐨኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲㝔 ᶵᲔᏱᐂᕤᏛ㒊㛛 Professor, Div. of Space and Mechanical Engineering, Hokkaido University

ࡢ◊✲ㄽᩥ࡜ࡋ࡚☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶

ࡿ㸬〇㐀ࡋࡓࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫ⇞ᩱࢆ⇞↝ࡋ࡚࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆྲྀ

ࡾฟࡍୖ࡛㸪⇞ᩱࡢ⇞↝≉ᛶࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ຠ⋡ࡢ

ࡼ࠸᭱㐺࡞⇞↝ᶵჾࡢタィ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡛

࠶ࡿ㸬

ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪㧗ᐦᗘᅛయࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫࣈࣜࢣࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡿ

ࣂ࢖࢜ࢥ࣮ࢡࢫ(Bio-coke㸸௨ୗBIC࡜⾲グ)⁽⁸⁾ࢆ㸪⇞↝⅔

࡛ຍ⇕ࡋࡓ㝿ࡢ⇕ศゎ࣭╔ⅆ࣭⇞↝≉ᛶࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ㸬BIC ࡣ㸪㕲⁐ゎ⅔ࡢ▼Ⅳࢥ࣮ࢡࢫ௦᭰⇞ᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ 㧗ᐦᗘ࣭㧗◳ᗘࡢࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫࣈࣜࢣࢵࢺࡢ࿧⛠࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ᮌ㉁ᮦࡣ໚ㄽࡢࡇ࡜ᗫᲠ≀➼࠶ࡽࡺࡿ᳜≀⏤᮶ࡢࣂ࢖࢜

࣐ࢫᮦ࠿ࡽ〇㐀࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ཎᮦᩱ㈨※ㄪ㐩ࡀẚ㍑

ⓗᐜ᫆࠿ࡘపࢥࢫࢺ࡜࠸࠺≉㛗ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪௒ᚋ㸪BIC⇞ᩱ

ࡢ฼ά⏝ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪BICࡢ⇞↝

≉ᛶ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶ௚ࡢᅛయࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫ⇞ᩱ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ᇶ♏◊

✲ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ㸪BICࡢᇶ♏⇞↝≉ᛶ㸪࡜ࡃ࡟࣎࢖࣮ࣛ⇞↝

⅔➼ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓ⇞↝≉ᛶ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ➹⪅ࡽࡢ◊✲^(9-11)ࢆ 㝖࠸࡚࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸㸬௒ᚋ㸪BICࡢ฼⏝⠊ᅖᣑ኱

࠾ࡼࡧ᭱㐺࡞⇞↝ᙧែ㸪⇞↝ჾᙧ≧ࡸ㐠㌿᮲௳ࢆỴᐃࡍ

ࡿ࡟ࡣ㸪BICࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞⇞↝≉ᛶࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬 ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ᖹᡂ20ᖺᗘ࡟໭ᾏ㐨ୗᕝ⏫࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠕప

Ⅳ⣲♫఍࡟ྥࡅࡓᢏ⾡ࢩ࣮ࢬⓎ᥀࣭♫఍ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᐇド஦

ᴗ࡛ࠖྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡓࢱࢹ⛉ࡢከᖺⲡ࡛࠶ࡿ࢖ࢱࢻࣜࢆ

ཎᩱ࡜ࡍࡿBIC࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚㸪ࡇࡢ⇞↝⌧㇟࡟㛵ࢃࡿᇶ ᮏⓗ࡞ᛶ㉁㸪⇕ศゎ࠾ࡼࡧ⇞↝≉ᛶࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬

㸰㸬࢖ࢱࢻࣜBICࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᛶ㉁

2.1࢖ࢱࢻࣜBICࡢ〇㐀࠾ࡼࡧ≀⌮ⓗᛶ㉁

໭ᾏ㐨ୗᕝ⏫ෆ࡟⮬⏕ࡋ⏝㏵ࡢᑡ࡞࠸ከᖺⲡࡢ࢖ࢱࢻ

ࣜࢆBICཎᮦᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡣୗᕝ⏫ෆ࡟࠶ࡿ

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ࣅࢽࣝࣁ࢘ࢫࡢᬮᡣ⏝⇞ᩱ࡬ࡢ౑⏝ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛㸪 ᾘ㈝ᆅ࡟࡚Ᏻ౯࡟ㄪ㐩ฟ᮶ࡿ฼Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬཰㞟᫬ࡢ࢖ࢱ ࢻࣜࡢእほ෗┿ࢆᅗ1࡟♧ࡍ㸬཰㞟ࡉࢀࡓ࢖ࢱࢻࣜࡣ⮬

↛஝⇱ࡢᚋ㸪⢊○ჾ࡛◚○ᚋ㸪㔠ᆺ࡟඘ሸࡋ࡚ຍ⇕ᅽ⦰

ᡂᆺࡍࡿ㸬BICࡣ౑⏝ࡍࡿ㔠ᆺࡢᙧ≧㸪ᑍἲ࡟ࡼࡾ௵ព

࡟ᡂᆺ࡛ࡁࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣȭ48mm85mmࡢ෇⟄ᙧ≧࡜

ࡋࡓ㸬᳜≀⏤᮶ࡢࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫヨᩱࡣ୺࡟㸪ࢭ࣮ࣝࣟࢫ㸪

࡬࣑ࢭ࣮ࣝࣟࢫ࠾ࡼࡧࣜࢢࢽࣥ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱

ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬඘ሸヨᩱࢆⅣ໬㛤ጞ௨ୗࡢ ᗘ࡟ຍ⇕ࡋ࡞

ࡀࡽຍᅽಖᣢࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ヨᩱ୰ࡢࣜࢢࢽࣥ࠾ࡼࡧ࡬࣑

ࢭ࣮ࣝࣟࢫࡀ㌾໬࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⁐ゎࡋ࡚⤖ྜ๣࡜ࡋ࡚స⏝ࡋ㸪㧗ᐦᗘ࠿ࡘ㧗◳ᗘࡢBICࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸬ᅗ2࡟࢖ࢱࢻࣜ

BICࡢእほ෗┿ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬

⾲1࡟㸪࢖ࢱࢻࣜ㸪ᮌ㉁࣌ࣞࢵࢺ(ᩘ✀ࡢᖹᆒ್)⁽¹²⁾࠾ࡼ

ࡧ℡㟷Ⅳ⁽¹³⁾ࡢඖ⣲ศᯒ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍ㸬࢖ࢱࢻࣜࡣ㸪ᮌ㉁࣌

ࣞࢵࢺࡼࡾࡶⅣ⣲๭ྜ㸪Ⓨ⇕㔞࡜ࡶ࡟ⱝᖸᑠࡉ࠸ࡀᴫࡡ

㏆࠸್ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ࢖ࢱࢻࣜࢆBIC

࡟ຍᕤࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᐦᗘࡣ1300kg/m³⛬ᗘ࡜࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀ

ࡣ㏻ᖖࡢᮌ㉁࣌ࣞࢵࢺࡢᐦᗘ600kg/m³ࡢ࠾ࡼࡑ2ಸᙉ࡛

࠶ࡾ㸪࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᐦᗘࡣ࢖ࢱࢻࣜBICࡢ᪉ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸㸬

⾲ ࢖ࢱࢻࣜࡢඖ⣲ศᯒ⤖ᯝ

࢖ࢱࢻࣜ ᮌ㉁࣌ࣞࢵࢺ⁽¹²⁾ ℡㟷Ⅳ⁽¹³⁾ GCV^a

[kJ/kg] 17890 20300 32020

C [wt%] 47.72 50.3 77.22

H [wt%] 5.95 5.7 5.60

N [wt%] 0.47 0.22 1.31

Water [wt%] 6.11 7.7 -

a : Gross Calorific Value

2.2 ࢖ࢱࢻࣜBICࡢ⇕ศゎ≉ᛶ

࢖ࢱࢻࣜBICࡢ⇕㔜㔞ศᯒ⤖ᯝࡢ౛ࢆᅗ3࡟♧ࡍ㸬⇕

㔜㔞ศᯒ࡟ࡣ㸪♧ᕪ⇕ኳ⛗㸦┿✵⌮ᕤ TGD-5000RHᆺ㸧

ࢆ⏝࠸㸪ヨᩱ㉁㔞20mg㸪᪼ ㏿ᗘ5K/min࡛㸪✵Ẽ୰࠾

ࡼࡧ❅⣲㞺ᅖẼ୰࡟࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㸬ᅗ3ࡢ⤖ᯝࡼࡾ㸪Ỉศ㸪

᥹Ⓨศ࠾ࡼࡧᅛᐃⅣ⣲ศࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ10wt%, 70wt%࠾ࡼ

ࡧ13wt%⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ỉศࡢ⵨Ⓨࡣ

400K௨ୗ㸪᥹Ⓨศࡢᨺฟࡣ⣙450K௨ୖ࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿ㸬

⇕㔜㔞ศᯒ⤖ᯝ(ᅗ3)࠿ࡽ㸪❅⣲㞺ᅖẼ୰ࡢỈศ࠾ࡼࡧ

᥹Ⓨศࡢᨺฟ࡟ࡼࡿ㉁㔞ῶᑡ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ࢔ࣞࢽ

࢘ࢫ๎࠿ࡽᑟ࠿ࢀࡿᘧ(1)ࢆ㐺⏝ࡋ㸪ᅗ4࡟♧ࡋࡓ㸬

ࡇࡇ࡛㸪m : Ỉศ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᥹Ⓨศࡢṧ␃㉁㔞㸪t : ᫬㛫㸪 A : 㢖ᗘᅉᏊ㸪E : άᛶ໬࢚ࢿࣝࢠ㸪R : Ẽయᐃᩘ㸪T : ᗘࢆ♧ࡍ㸬

ᅗ4 ࡼࡾ㸪Ỉศ⵨Ⓨ࡜᥹Ⓨศᨺฟࡢάᛶ໬࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮

(E)࠾ࡼࡧ㢖ᗘᅉᏊ(A)ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ㸪Ỉศ࡟ᑐࡋA=1.759

10¹⁴ [1/s], E=107.7 [kJ/mol], ᥹Ⓨศ࡟ᑐࡋA=3.37210³ [1/s] , E=73.40 [kJ/mol]ࢆᚓࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ್ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⇕㔜㔞 ᅗ ࢖ࢱࢻࣜእほ ᅗ ࢖ࢱࢻࣜ %,& እほ

ᅗ Ỉศ࠾ࡼࡧ᥹Ⓨศࡢ࢔ࣞࢽ࢘ࢫࣉࣟࢵࢺ RT

A E dt dm

m ¸

¹

¨ ·

©

§1 ln

ln ⁽¹⁾

ᅗ Ỉศ࠾ࡼࡧ᥹Ⓨศᨺฟ≉ᛶ❅⣲㞺ᅖẼ୰

࢔ࣞࢽ࢘ࢫᘧ⟬ฟ್࡜ᐇ㦂್ࡢẚ㍑

Volatile matter Water vapor

Experimental result

ᅗ ࢖ࢱࢻࣜ %,& ࡢ⇕㔜㔞ศᯒ⤖ᯝ

-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5

0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004

ln(1/m·dm/dt)

1/T Volatile

Water vapor

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ศᯒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㉁㔞ῶᑡࡢண ್࡜㸪ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓ

⤖ᯝࢆᅗ5࡟♧ࡍ㸬ᅗࡼࡾ㸪❅⣲㞺ᅖẼ୰ࡢ㉁㔞ῶᑡࡣ㸪

ࣆ࣮ࢡ್࡟ⱝᖸࡢ㐪࠸ࡣぢࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪Ỉศ࠾ࡼࡧ᥹

Ⓨศࡢᨺฟ࡟࢔ࣞࢽ࢘ࢫᘧࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ẚ㍑ⓗⰋࡃ

⾲⌧࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ㸬

㸱㸬࢖ࢱࢻࣜBICࡢᇶ♏⇞↝≉ᛶ 3.1 ⇞↝ᐇ㦂⿦⨨

࣎࢖࣮ࣛ⇞↝⅔ෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⇞↝≧ែࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ㸪኱Ẽᅽ

ୗ࡛㧗 ✵Ẽὶ୰࡟⨨࠿ࢀࡓ࢖ࢱࢻࣜBICࡢ╔ⅆ࠾ࡼࡧ

⇞↝ᣲືࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ㸬ᅗ6࡟㸪౑⏝ࡋࡓᇶ♏⇞↝ᐇ㦂⿦⨨

ᴫ␎ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬BICࢆෆᚄ100mmࡢ⇞↝⅔ෆ୰ኸ࡟ྞࡿ

ࡋ㸪BICୗ➃㠃࡟ᡤᐃࡢ ᗘ(473㹼873K)࡟ண⇕ࡉࢀࡓ✵

Ẽࢆ྿ࡁ௜ࡅࡿ㸬✵Ẽὶ㔞ࡣ550NL/min.࡟タᐃࡋࡓ㸬౪

⤥ࡍࡿண⇕✵Ẽ᮲௳ࡀᏳᐃࡋࡓᚋ࡟BICࢆ⇞↝⅔ෆ࡟ᢞ ධࡋ㸪BICࡢ㉁㔞ῶᑡ㸪ୗ➃㠃 ᗘ(IR࣓࢝ࣛィ )㸪࠾

ࡼࡧBIC㏆ഐ࢞ࢫ ᗘ(T/Cィ )ࢆィ ࡋࡓ㸬

3.2 ࢖ࢱࢻࣜBICࡢ╔ⅆᣲື

࢖ࢱࢻࣜBICࢆண⇕✵Ẽ୰࡟࠾࠸ࡓሙྜ㸪BICୗ➃㠃 ࡀ㉥⇕ࡋ࡚⇞↝ࡍࡿ⾲㠃⇞↝(ᅗ7 (a))㸪࠾ࡼࡧBIC඲య ࡀⅆ⅖࡟ໟࡲࢀ࡚⇞↝ࡍࡿ᭷⅖⇞↝(ᅗ7 (b))㸪ࡢ2ࡘࡢ

⇞↝ᙧែࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡿ㸬

BICࡢ㉁㔞ῶᑡ࡬ࡢண⇕✵Ẽ ᗘࡢᙳ㡪ࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ⤖ᯝ

ࢆᅗ8࡟♧ࡍ㸬ᅗ୰㸪ᛴ⃭࡞㉁㔞ῶᑡࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ㒊఩࡟

࠾࠸࡚BICࡢ⇞↝ࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬✵Ẽ ᗘ473K࡛ ࡣᅗ3ࡢ⇕ศゎ㛤ጞ ᗘ450Kࡼࡾ㧗࠸✵Ẽ ᗘ᮲௳࡛

࠶ࡿࡀ㸪60min.௨ෆ࡟╔ⅆࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬✵Ẽ ᗘ ࡀ523K-573Kࡢሙྜ㸪᭷⅖⇞↝ࡢࡳࡀほᐹࡉࢀ㸪㉁㔞ῶ ᑡࡢ໙㓄ኚ໬ࡣ୍ẁ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪✵Ẽ ᗘࡀ 598K-873Kࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪᭱ึ࡟⾲㠃⇞↝㸪ࡑࡢᚋ࡟᭷⅖

⇞↝࡜㉁㔞ῶᑡࡢ໙㓄ኚ໬ࡀ஧ẁ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ㸪 ౪⤥✵Ẽ ᗘ࡟ࡼࡾ㉁㔞ῶᑡࡢ᫬㛫ᒚṔࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ

ࢃ࠿ࡿ㸬

✵Ẽ ᗘࡀ㧗࠸(Ӎ598K)ሙྜ㸪ᅗ9࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪

⾲㠃╔ⅆ(⣙9min.᫬)ࡀẼ┦╔ⅆ(⣙17min.᫬)࡟ඛ⾜ࡋ࡚

⏕ࡌࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪✵Ẽ ᗘࡀప࠸(ӌ573K)ሙྜ㸪ᅗ10࡟ぢ

Blower IR camera P C Mechanical

scale

Bio-coke sample

Electric heater Flow meter T/C

Zn-Se glass Counter

weight

DV camera Fulcrum

(heater control)T/C Window (quartz glass)

ᅗ %,& ᇶ♏⇞↝ᐇ㦂⿦⨨ᴫ␎

㻜㻚㻜㻌㻜㻚㻞㻌㻜㻚㻠㻌㻜㻚㻢㻌㻜㻚㻤㻌㻝㻚㻜㻌

㻜㻝㻜㻞㻜㻟㻜㻠㻜㻡㻜㻢㻜

㼁㼚㼎㼡㼞㼚㼠㻌㼒㼞㼍㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㻌㻌㻙

㻱㼘㼍㼜㼟㼑㼐㻌㼠㼕㼙㼑㻌㻌㻌㼙㼕㼚㻠㻣㻟㻷

㻡㻞㻟㻷㻡㻠㻤㻷

㻡㻣㻟㻷㻡㻥㻤㻷

㻢㻞㻟㻷

㻣㻣㻟㻷㻢㻣㻟㻷㻤㻣㻟㻷

ᅗ %,& ㉁㔞ῶᑡ࡬ࡢ✵Ẽ ᗘࡢᙳ㡪

ᅗ ✵Ẽ ᗘࡀ㧗࠸.ሙྜࡢ╔ⅆᣲື

400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

0 10 20 30

Unburnt fraction - Temperature K

Elapsed time min BIC bottom

surface temperature

Gas temperature Unburnt fraction

Solid surface ignition Gas-phase ignition

ᅗ ✵Ẽ ᗘࡀప࠸.ሙྜࡢ╔ⅆᣲື

400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

0 10 20 30 40 50

Unburnt fraction - Temperature K

Elapsed time min BIC bottom

surface temperature

Gas temperature Unburnt fraction

Gas-phase ignition and Solid surface ignition D⾲㠃⇞↝ E᭷⅖⇞↝

ᅗ %,& ࡢ⇞↝ᙧែ

(4)

ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪㛗࠸ຍ⇕᫬㛫ࢆ⤒ࡓᚋ㸪⾲㠃╔ⅆ࡜Ẽ┦

╔ⅆࡀ࡯ࡰྠ᫬(⣙38min.᫬)࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿࡢࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓ㸬 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟౪⤥✵Ẽ ᗘ࡟ࡼࡾ╔ⅆᙧែࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡢࡣ㸪 BIC⾲㠃㓟໬཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡿ⾲㠃 ᗘୖ᪼ࡀ㛤ጞࡉࢀࡿࡲ࡛

࡟㸪BICෆ㒊࡟࡝ࢀࡔࡅࡢ㡿ᇦࡢண⇕ᒙࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ࠿

࡟ࡼࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ^(10-11)㸬✵Ẽ ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪

኱ࡁ࡞⇕ὶ㏿࡟ࡼࡾBIC⾲㠃 ᗘࡀୖ᪼ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡀ㸪 BICෆ㒊࡟ࡣ⾲㠃㏆ഐࡢ⊃࠸ண⇕㡿ᇦࡋ࠿ᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡞࠸㸬 ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ຍ⇕㛤ጞᚋࡢ᪩࠸᫬ᮇ࡟⾲㠃╔ⅆࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ

ࡀ㸪BICෆ㒊 ᗘୖ᪼ࡀ㐜ࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽẼ┦╔ⅆࢆ⏕ࡌ

ࡿࡢ࡟༑ศ࡞⇕ศゎ࢞ࢫࡀᨺฟࡉࢀࡎ㸪Ẽ┦╔ⅆ࡟⮳ࡽ

࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉㸪✵Ẽ ᗘࡀప࠸ሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪BIC⾲㠃㓟໬࠾

ࡼࡧ⾲㠃 ᗘୖ᪼࡟᫬㛫ࡀ࠿࠿ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪㛗࠸᫬㛫ࢆ

࠿ࡅ࡚BICෆ㒊ࡢᗈ࠸㡿ᇦࡀண⇕ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡦ࡜

ࡓࡧ⾲㠃㓟໬཯ᛂࡀ㛤ጞࡉࢀࡿ࡜BICෆ㒊ࡢᗈ࠸⠊ᅖࡀ

⇕ศゎ ᗘࢆ㉸࠼㸪Ẽ┦╔ⅆࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡢ࡟༑ศ࡞㔞ࡢ⇕

ศゎ࢞ࢫࡀᨺฟࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪✵Ẽ ᗘࡀప࠸

ሙྜ࡟ࡣ⾲㠃╔ⅆ࡜Ẽ┦╔ⅆࡀ࡯ࡰྠ᫬࡟⏕ࡌࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ

ࡽຍ⇕࡟ᑐࡍࡿBICෆ㒊 ᗘศᕸࡢᙧᡂ㐣⛬࡟BICࡢ⇕

ᣑᩓ⋡ (Ș = Ȣ/ȨC, Ȣ: ⇕ఏᑟ⋡㸪Ȩ: ᐦᗘ㸪C: ẚ⇕) ࡀᐤ୚ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡇࢀ࡟ࡣBICࡢᣢࡘ㧗ᐦᗘ࡜࠸

࠺≉ᛶࡀᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬

3.3࢖ࢱࢻࣜBIC᭷⅖⇞↝᫬ࡢ㉁㔞ῶᑡ㏿ᗘ

Ẽ┦╔ⅆ࡟⥆࠸࡚ぢࡽࢀࡿ㸪᭷⅖⇞↝᫬ࡢBIC㉁㔞ῶ ᑡ㏿ᗘ࡬ࡢ౪⤥✵Ẽ ᗘࡢᙳ㡪ࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ㸬᭷⅖⇞↝᫬ࡢ BIC㉁㔞ῶᑡ㏿ᗘࡣ㸪BIC࠿ࡽࡢ⇕ศゎ࢞ࢫᨺฟ㏿ᗘ࡜

ᐦ᥋࡟㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ᅗ11࡟㸪᭷⅖⇞↝᫬

ࡢ㉁㔞ῶᑡ㏿ᗘࡢኚ໬ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬

ᅗ11ࡼࡾ㸪᭷⅖⇞↝᫬ࡢ㉁㔞ῶᑡ㏿ᗘࡣ㸪౪⤥✵Ẽ ᗘࡀప࠸࡯࡝኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢഴྥࡣ࡜ࡃ࡟᭷

⅖⇞↝㛤ጞ┤ᚋ࡟࠾࠸࡚㢧ⴭ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡣ㸪✵Ẽ ᗘࡀప࠸᪉ࡀ᭷⅖⇞↝᫬㸪࡜ࡃ࡟᭷⅖⇞↝㛤ጞ┤ᚋ࡟࠾

࠸࡚⇕ศゎ࢞ࢫᨺฟ㏿ᗘࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪

ୖ㏙ࡢ╔ⅆᙧែࡀ✵Ẽ ᗘ࡟ࡼࡾ␗࡞ࡿせᅉ࡜ࡶྜ⮴ࡍ

ࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪᭷⅖⇞↝㛤ጞ๓ࡢண⇕㡿ᇦࡢᗈࡉࡀ᭷⅖

⇞↝᫬ࡢ⇕ศゎ࢞ࢫᨺฟ㏿ᗘ㸪ࡦ࠸࡚ࡣ㉁㔞ῶᑡ㏿ᗘ࡟

ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬

⇕ⓗ࡟ཌ࠸ࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫ⇞ᩱࡢ⇞↝࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ᚑ᮶ᗄࡘ

࠿ࡢ◊✲ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ^(14-15)ࡀ㸪ண⇕㐣⛬ࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡿ

⇞ᩱෆ㒊 ᗘศᕸࡢᙳ㡪࡟㛵ࡋ࡚⪃៖ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡣ ぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸㸬ୖ࡛㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪㧗ᐦᗘ㸪኱ࡁ࡞ᑍἲ࡞

࡝⇕ⓗ࡟ཌ࠸ࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫ⇞ᩱࡢ╔ⅆ࠾ࡼࡧ⇞↝㐣⛬࡟ண

⇕ᒚṔࡀᑡ࡞࠿ࡽࡎᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸

࡚༑ศ࡟⪃៖ࡍࡿᚲせࡢ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ㸬

㸲㸬࢖ࢱࢻࣜBICࡢ⇕ศゎ࢞ࢫᨺฟ≉ᛶ

BIC⇕ศゎ࢞ࢫ୰ࡢỈศ࠾ࡼࡧ᥹Ⓨศ๭ྜࡣẼ┦╔ⅆ ࡢࡋ᫆ࡉࡸ⇞↝㏿ᗘ➼࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪Ỉศ࡜

᥹Ⓨศࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᨺฟ㏿ᗘࢆูࠎ࡟ぢ✚ࡶࡿࡇ࡜ࡣBIC ࡢ╔ⅆ࠾ࡼࡧ⇞↝≉ᛶࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿୖ࡛ព⩏῝࠸㸬BICຍ

⇕࡟࡜ࡶ࡞࠺Ỉศ࡜᥹Ⓨศࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᨺฟ≉ᛶࢆ⢭ᗘࡼ

ࡃ⾲⌧ฟ᮶ࡿࣔࢹࣝᵓ⠏ࢆヨࡳ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡑࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝

࠸࡚BICྵỈ⋡ࡢỈศ࡜᥹Ⓨศࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᨺฟ≉ᛶ࡬ࡢ ᙳ㡪ࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ㸬

4.1 ᑠᆺUFA(Universal Flammability Apparatus)ᐇ㦂⿦⨨

BICヨᩱࢆ❅⣲㞺ᅖẼ୰࡟࠾࠸࡚⇕ὶ᮰୍ᐃ࡟࡚ຍ⇕

ࡋࡓሙྜࡢ㉁㔞ῶᑡࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᑠᆺUFA⁽¹⁶⁾ᐇ㦂⿦⨨

ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ຍ⇕ᐇ㦂ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ12㸧㸬BICୗ➃㠃࠿ࡽ

᥇ྲྀࡋࡓヨᩱ㸦ȭ20mm10mm㸧ࢆእᚄ35mm㸪ෆᚄ 33mmࡢࢫࢸࣥࣞࢫ〇ṇ᪉ᙧヨᩱ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮୰ኸ࡟㸪᩿⇕

ᮦࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ᅛᐃࡋࡓ㸬ヨᩱୖ㒊࡟タ⨨ࡉࢀࡓࢱࣥࢢࢫࢸ

ࣥࣛࣥࣉࣄ࣮ࢱ࡟࡚BICヨᩱ⾲㠃ࢆຍ⇕ࡋ㸪㟁Ꮚኳ⛗࡟

ࡼࡾヨᩱࡢ㉁㔞ῶᑡࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬ணࡵGardonᆺ⇕ὶ᮰ィ

ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ຍ⇕㠃࡟ධᑕࡍࡿ⇕ὶ᮰ࢆ᳨㔞ࡋࡓ㸬ࢧࣥࣉࣝ

࣍ࣝࢲ࣮࿘ᅖࢆ▼ⱥ⟶࡛そ࠸㸪ヨᩱୗ᪉ࡼࡾ❅⣲࢞ࢫ 㸦50NL/min.㸧ࢆ౪⤥ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛BICヨᩱࡢእẼ࡟ࡼࡿ

㓟໬ࢆ㜵࠸ࡔ㸬

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Mass loss rate g/min

Unburnt mass fraction of the fuel MUF 873K 773K 673K 573K 523K 523K 573K

673K 773K

873K

ᅗ ᭷⅖⇞↝᫬ࡢ㉁㔞ῶᑡ㏿ᗘ࡬ࡢ✵Ẽ ᗘࡢᙳ㡪

✵Ẽὶ㔞 /PLQ

ᅗ ᑠᆺ 8)$ ᐇ㦂⿦⨨ᴫ␎

Mechanical scale

Nitrogen Quartz tube

Sample Radiant

heater Sample

Sample holder Insulator

(5)

4.2 ⇕ศゎ࢞ࢫᨺฟ≉ᛶࡢゎᯒࣔࢹࣝ

෇ᰕBICヨᩱࡢ∦ഃ➃㠃ࢆ㍽ᑕຍ⇕ࡋࡓ㝿ࡢ㸪ヨᩱ࠿

ࡽࡢỈศ࠾ࡼࡧ᥹Ⓨศᨺฟࢆぢ✚ࡶࡿ୍ḟඖゎᯒࣔࢹࣝ

ࢆసᡂࡋ㸪ᑠᆺUFAᐇ㦂ࢆᶍᨃࡍࡿᩘ್ィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬

࿘ᅖࢆ᩿⇕ࡉࢀࡓヨᩱࡢ∦ഃ➃㠃㸦Ȯ= 0 mm㸧ࢆ୍ᐃࡢ

⇕ὶ᮰࡛ຍ⇕ࡋ㸪BICヨᩱෆ㒊 ᗘୖ᪼㸪Ỉศ࠾ࡼࡧ᥹

Ⓨศᨺฟࢆぢ✚ࡶࡗࡓ㸬ヨᩱࢧ࢖ࢬࡣUFAᐇ㦂࡜ྠᵝȭ 20mm10mmࡢ෇ᰕᙧ≧㸪BICึᮇᐦᗘȨ = 1300 kg/m³㸪 BICึᮇྵỈ⋡ MC = 11.1 %࡜ࡋࡓ㸬ゎᯒ࡟ࡣ௨ୗ࡟♧

ࡍ௬ᐃࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㸬(a) ࣔࢹࣝࡣ୍ḟඖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠸㸪༙ᚄ ᪉ྥ࡬ࡢ ᗘศᕸࡣ⏕ࡌ࡞࠸㸬(b) ヨᩱ࿘ᅖ㸦࡜ࡃ࡟ຍ

⇕㠃㸧ࡢ࿘ᅖ࢞ࢫὶࢀࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ↓どࡍࡿ㸬(c) Ỉศࡢ⵨

Ⓨ₯⇕ࡣ⪃៖ࡍࡿࡀ㸪⇞ᩱࡢ⇕ศゎ࠾ࡼࡧ㓟໬࡟࡜ࡶ࡞

࠺཯ᛂ⇕ࡣ⪃៖ࡋ࡞࠸㸬(d) Ỉศ࠾ࡼࡧ᥹Ⓨศࡢᨺฟ㏿

ᗘ㸦⇕ศゎࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ㸧ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ࢔ࣞࢽ࢘ࢫࡢᘧ࡛୚

࠼㸪ྛࠎ࢞ࢫ໬ࡍࡿ࡜┤ࡕ࡟BICຍ⇕㠃࠿ࡽᨺฟࡉࢀࡿ

㸦ణࡋᨺฟ࢞ࢫࡣධᑕ⇕ὶ᮰࡟ࡣᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡞࠸㸧㸬(e)

⇕ศゎ࢞ࢫᨺฟ࡟ࡼࡾヨᩱ㉁㔞ࡣῶᑡࡍࡿࡀ㸪య✚ࡣ୙

ኚ࡜ࡍࡿ㸦ᐦᗘࡀῶᑡࡍࡿ㸧㸬(f) ヨᩱࡢ⇕≀ᛶ್ࡢ ᗘ ౫Ꮡᛶࡣ⪃៖ࡋ࡞࠸㸬(g) ヨᩱຍ⇕㠃⾲㠃࡟ࡣ⅊Ⰽయ㏆

ఝࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿ㸬ヨᩱෆ㒊ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ಖᏑᘧ㸪Ỉศ࡜᥹

Ⓨศ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㉁㔞ಖᏑᘧࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸪㝧ゎἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᘧࢆ

㞳ᩓ໬ࡋィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ቃ⏺᮲௳ࡣຍ⇕㠃ഃ࡛ࡣ㍽ᑕධ

⇕࡜ᨺᑕ⇕ᦆኻࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸦Ȣ㸹⇕ఏᑟ⋡㸪T㸹 ᗘ㸪Ȝ㸹 BICヨᩱ⾲㠃ࡢᨺᑕ⋡(0.95࡜௬ᐃ)㸪q㸹ຍ⇕⇕ὶ㏿㸪Ȫ㸹

࣎ࣝࢶ࣐ࣥᐃᩘ㸪Ts㸹BICヨᩱຍ⇕㠃 ᗘ㸧㸪௚➃㠃ഃ࡛

ࡣ᩿⇕࡜ࡋࡓ㸬

ᮏ◊✲࡛౑⏝ࡋࡓ࢖ࢱࢻࣜBICࡢ⇕ఏᑟ⋡(Ȣ)࠾ࡼ

ࡧẚ⇕(C)ࡣᮍ▱࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ḟ࡟♧ࡍUFAᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࡜ᮏ ゎᯒࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓィ⟬⤖ᯝࡢ⇕ศゎ࢞ࢫᨺฟࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ

᫬㛫ࡀ୍⮴ࡍࡿࡼ࠺୚࠼ࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ㝿㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ≀ᛶ್ࡣ㸪 ᮌᮦ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ್⁽¹⁷⁾ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡟⣡ࡲࡿࡼ࠺࡟୚

࠼㸪Ȣ=2.20010^-4 W/mmK㸪C=1300 J/kgK࡜ࡋࡓ㸬

4.3 ⇕ศゎ࢞ࢫᨺฟ㏿ᗘࡢ᫬㛫ኚ໬

ᑠᆺUFAࢆ⏝࠸ࡓຍ⇕ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࡜㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛⏝࠸ࡓゎ ᯒࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿィ⟬⤖ᯝࡢẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ᅗ13࡟㸪ຍ⇕

⇕ὶ᮰50 kW/m²ࡢሙྜࡢẚ㍑ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ィ⟬࡟ࡼࡾᚓࡽࢀ

ࡓ㉁㔞ῶᑡࡣ㸪ᑠᆺUFAᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ᨺฟࡢ㛤ጞ

᫬ᮇ࠾ࡼࡧᨺฟࣆ࣮ࢡ࡟ⱝᖸࡢᕪ␗ࡣぢࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪 ẚ㍑ⓗഴྥࢆ⾲⌧ฟ᮶࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ㸬BICヨᩱ࠿

ࡽᨺฟࡉࢀࡿ࢞ࢫ㸦Ỉศ㸩᥹Ⓨศ㸧㔞ࡣ㸪ຍ⇕㛤ጞ࠿ࡽ

࠶ࡿᮇ㛫ࡣẚ㍑ⓗ୍ᐃ࡟㏆࠸್ࢆ♧ࡍࡀ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ㸦ᅗ13㸪 4.7 min.㸦ィ⟬್㸧⤒㐣ᚋ㸧ᛴ⃭࡟ቑຍࡋࣆ࣮ࢡࢆ♧ࡍ㸬

ྠ᮲௳࡟࠾ࡅࡿBICヨᩱෆ㒊 ᗘࡢኚ໬㸦ィ⟬⤖ᯝ㸧ࢆ

ᅗ14࡟♧ࡍ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛౑⏝ࡋࡓBICヨᩱࡣ᭷㝈ࡢ㛗ࡉ 㸦10 mm㸧ࢆᣢࡕ㸪࠿ࡘỈศࢆ⣙10 wt%⛬ᗘྵ᭷ࡍࡿ㸬 Ỉศࡢ⵨Ⓨࡍࡿ ᗘ373 K఩⨨ࡢ᫬㛫᥎⛣ࢆぢࡿ࡜㸪ヨ

ᩱ඲యࡀ373 K௨ୖ࡟ຍ⇕ࡉࢀࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ᫬㛫ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕヨ

ᩱ୰ࡢỈศࡀ⵨Ⓨࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ᫬㛫ࡣ࠾ࡼࡑ4.7 min.࡛࠶

ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ4.7 min.⤒㐣ᚋ࡟ࡣᛴ⃭࡞ヨᩱ ᗘ

ୖ᪼ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪᭷㝈㛗ࡉࡢBICヨᩱࢆ

ຍ⇕ࡍࡿሙྜ㸪ヨᩱ୰࡟Ỉศࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫ࡣヨᩱෆ㒊 ࡢ ᗘୖ᪼ࡀ⦆ࡸ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪Ỉศࡀᢤࡅࡁࡗࡓᚋ࡟ᛴ

⃭࡞ ᗘୖ᪼ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿ㸬௬࡟

BICヨᩱࡀ↓㝈㛗ࡉࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪⦆ࡸ࠿࡞ෆ 㒊 ᗘୖ᪼ࡀ⥆ࡁᨺฟ࢞ࢫ㔞ࡣ୍ᐃࡢ್ࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡶࡢ

࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿ㸬BICヨᩱࡢỈศᨺฟ᏶஢ᚋࡢᛴ⃭࡞࢞ࢫ ᨺฟ㏿ᗘࡢቑ኱ࡣヨᩱ㛗ࡉࡀ᭷㝈࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟㉳ᅉࡋ࡚

࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪௨㝆ࡢ㆟ㄽ࡛ࡣࡇࡢᛴ⃭࡞࢞ࢫ ᨺฟ㏿ᗘቑ኱ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿ௨๓ࡢ᫬㛫࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᢅ࠺㸬

ᅗ15࡟㸪BICヨᩱ࠿ࡽࡢ᥹Ⓨศ࠾ࡼࡧỈศᨺฟ㏿ᗘࡢ ィ⟬⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ຍ⇕㛤ጞᚋࡍࡄ࡟Ỉศࡢᨺฟࡀጞࡲࡾ㸪 ࡑࡢᚋ⦆ࡸ࠿࡟ᨺฟ㔞ࡣῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬᥹ⓎศᨺฟࡣỈ ศࡢᨺฟ࡟ࢃࡎ࠿࡟㐜ࢀ࡚㛤ጞࡋ㸪᪩࠸᫬ᮇ㸦1.8 min.

⛬ᗘ㸧࡟ᑠࡉ࡞ࣆ࣮ࢡࢆ♧ࡋࡓᚋ࡟⦆ࡸ࠿࡟ῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸

ࡿ㸬᥹Ⓨศ㸭Ỉศࡢᨺฟ㏿ᗘẚࢆྠ᫬࡟♧ࡋࡓࡀ㸪ຍ⇕

㛤ጞᚋ1.8 min.࠿ࡽ4 min.ࡢ㛫࡟⥲࢞ࢫᨺฟ㏿ᗘࡣ⦆ࡸ

࠿࡟ῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ୍᪉࡛᥹Ⓨศ㸭Ỉศẚࡣ࡯ࡰ୍ᐃ࡛࠶

ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᨺฟ࢞ࢫ୰ࡢỈศ๭ྜࡣ࡯ࡰ୍ᐃ࡛࠶

ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ㸬

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0 5 10

Distance from heated face mm

Time min.

923 K

ᅗ %,& ヨᩱෆ㒊 ᗘኚ໬N:P ヨᩱෆ㒊ࡢỈศࡀ⵨Ⓨࡋࡁࡿ

ࡲ࡛ࡢ᫬㛫 (§ 4.7 min.) Calculation result

Experimental result

ᅗ ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࡜ィ⟬⤖ᯝࡢẚ㍑

(6)

4.4 ⇕ศゎ࢞ࢫᨺฟ㏿ᗘ࡬ࡢຍ⇕⇕ὶ᮰ࡢᙳ㡪 ᅗ16㸪17࡟25 kW/m²࠾ࡼࡧ100 kW/m²ࡢィ⟬⤖ᯝࢆ

ࡑࢀࡒࢀ♧ࡍ㸬ຍ⇕⇕ὶ᮰ࡀᑠࡉ࠸ᅗ16㸦25 kW/m²㸧࡛

ࡣᅗ15㸦50 kW/m²㸧࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ᥹Ⓨศᨺฟࡀ⦆ࡸ࠿࡟㛤 ጞࡉࢀ᪩࠸᫬ᮇࡢ᥹Ⓨศᨺฟ㏿ᗘࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸㸬 ࡇࢀࡣ25 kW/m²ࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣຍ⇕⇕ὶ᮰ࡀᑠࡉࡃ㸪BICຍ

⇕㠃௜㏆ࡢ ᗘୖ᪼ࡀ㐜ࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ᥹Ⓨศ࢞ࢫᨺฟ

ࡶ㐜ࢀࡿࡓࡵ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᨺฟ࢞ࢫ୰ࡢ᥹

Ⓨศ㸭Ỉศẚࡣ᭱ึᑠࡉࡃ㸪ࡑࡢᚋᚎࠎ࡟ୖ᪼ࡍࡿࡇ࡜

࡟࡞ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪ຍ⇕⇕ὶ᮰ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ᅗ17࡛ࡣ㸪ຍ⇕㛤ጞ ᚋࡢ᪩࠸᫬ᮇ࡟᥹Ⓨศ࢞ࢫᨺฟࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ࣆ࣮ࢡࡀ⌧ࢀ㸪

⥲࢞ࢫᨺฟ㏿ᗘࡶ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ᫬㸪᥹Ⓨศ࢞ࢫᨺฟ 㛤ጞᚋࡢ᥹Ⓨศ㸭Ỉศẚࡀ᫬㛫࡟ࡼࡽࡎ࡯ࡰ୍ᐃࡢ್࡛

᥎⛣ࡍࡿ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᨺฟ࢞ࢫ୰ࡢỈศ๭ྜࡣ኱ࡁࡃኚ໬

ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬ࡇࡢ࡜ࡁࡢ᥹Ⓨศ㸭Ỉศẚࡣ3.7⛬ᗘ࡛࠶

ࡾ㸪BICᮏ᮶ࡢ್㸦7.0⛬ᗘ㸧࡟ẚ࡭࡚ᑠࡉࡃ㸪Ỉศࡀ᥹

Ⓨศ࡟ඛ⾜ࡋ࡚ᨺฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ❚࠼ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢせᅉ

࡜ࡋ࡚㸪BICࡢ⇕ᣑᩓ⋡ࡀ༑ศ኱ࡁࡃヨᩱຍ⇕㠃ഃࡀ᥹

Ⓨศᨺฟ ᗘ࡟㐩ࡍࡿࡼࡾࡶヨᩱෆ㒊ࡀỈศ⵨Ⓨ ᗘ࡟

㐩ࡋ᫆࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸬Ỉศࡀඛ⾜ࡋ࡚ᨺฟࡉࢀ᫆

࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡣࡇࡢᮇ㛫࡟ᚓࡽࢀࡿᨺฟ

࢞ࢫࡣ㸪BICᮏ᮶ࡢ᥹Ⓨศ㸭Ỉศ๭ྜ࠿ࡽண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࡼ

ࡾࡶ╔ⅆ㸪⇞↝ࡋ㞴࠸⤌ᡂ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬

㸳㸬⤖ゝ

࢖ࢱࢻࣜࢆཎᩱ࡜ࡍࡿ㧗ᐦᗘᅛయࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫࣈࣜࢣࢵ

ࢺ(BIC)ࡢ⇕ศゎ㸪╔ⅆ࠾ࡼࡧ⇞↝≉ᛶࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖

ᯝ㸪╔ⅆ๓ࡢຍ⇕ᒚṔ(ຍ⇕㏿ᗘ)ࡀBICෆ㒊 ᗘศᕸ㸪 ᨺฟ࢞ࢫᡂศ(᥹Ⓨศ㸭Ỉศ๭ྜ)ࡦ࠸࡚ࡣ╔ⅆᙧែ࠾ࡼ

ࡧ⇞↝≉ᛶ࡟኱ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬௒ᚋBIC ࡢ฼ά⏝ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿୖ࡛㸪ࡇࢀࡽ⇕≉ᛶ࡜BIC〇㐀ୖࡢ≉

ᛶ࠿ࡽ㸪᭱㐺࡞〇㐀࣭⇞↝ᙧែࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺㸬

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩

(1) C.Wang, F.Wang, Q.Yang, R.Liang,”Biomass and Bioenergy” 33, (2009), pp. 50-56.

(2) S.Sadaka, S.Negi,”Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy”

28-3 (2009), pp.427-434.

(3) T.Honjo, T.Ida, M.Fuchihata, H.Sano,”Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy” 84 (2005), pp.142-148.

(4) P.Gilbert, C.Ryu, V.Sharifi, J.Swithenbank,”Fuel” 88 (2009), pp.

1491-1497.

(5) O.C.Chin, K.M.Siddiqui,”Biomass and Bioenergy” 18 (2000), pp.

223-228.

(6) D.Singh,”Agricultural wastes” 13 (1985), pp.189-196.

(7) Ọᶫ㸪ᮧୖ㸪㞧㈡㸪”᪥ᮏ⇞↝Ꮫ఍ㄅ (in Japanese)” 51 (158) (2009), pp.310-317.

(8) T.Ida, A.Nakanishi, Osaka TLO, Patent No. 4088933 (2006) Japan.

(9) ఀᮾ㸪㓇஭㸪஭⏣㸪⸨⏣㸪”᪥ᮏ⇞↝Ꮫ఍ㄅ” ➨53ᕳ164ྕ (2009), pp.1-6.

(10) H.Ito, Y.Sakai, T.Ida, Y.Nakamura, O.Fujita,“Proc. ASME/JSME 8^th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference” (2011),AJTEC2011-44145.

(11) H.Ito, Y.Sakai, T.Ida, Y.Nakamura, O.Fujita, “J. Thermal Sci. Tech.”

Vol.6, No.1 (2011), pp.111-122.

(12) I.Obernberger, G.Thek, “Biomass and Bioenergy” 27 (2004), pp.653-669.

(13) E.Kharbat, K.Annamalai, C.Gopalakrishnan, “Combust. Flame”

100 (1995), pp.413-421.

(14) M.J.Hagge, K.M.Bryden, “Chem. Eng. Science” 57 (2002), pp.2811- 2823.

(15) A.Ouedraogo, J.C.Mulligan, J.G.Cleland, “Comb. Flame” 114 (1998), pp.1-12.

(16) ᑠᙇ, ௚, “᪥ᮏⅆ⅏Ꮫ఍◊✲Ⓨ⾲఍ᴫせ㞟” (2010), p.386.

(17) ᪥ᮏᶵᲔᏛ఍㸪”ఏ⇕ᕤᏛヨᩱ ᨵゞ➨4∧”㸪p.322.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Volatile / Water ratio

Mass loss rate mg/s

Time min.

Volatile

Water Total Volatile / Water ratio

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Mass loss rate mg/s

Time min.

Volatile/Water ratio

Volatile

Total Water

ᅗ ᨺฟ࢞ࢫ୰ࡢ᥹Ⓨศ࠾ࡼࡧỈศN:P ᅗ ᨺฟ࢞ࢫ୰ࡢ᥹Ⓨศ࠾ࡼࡧỈศN:P

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

0 2 4 6 8 10

Mass loss rate mg/s

Time min.

Total

Water Volatile / Water ratio Volatile

ᅗ ᨺฟ࢞ࢫ୰ࡢ᥹Ⓨศ࠾ࡼࡧỈศN:P