㟷ᖺᮇࡢጊࡳ㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ◊✲
̿୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢ⮬ᑛᚰᑐேែᗘࡀጊࡳཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪̿
ὠỤ
⨾
㸯࣭㤿ሙᅬ
㝧୍
㸰㸦㸯㧗▱⚟♴ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ㠀ᖖㅮᖌ࣭㸰㧗▱Ꮫேᩥ♫⛉Ꮫ⣔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊㛛ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲ᐊ㸧
A Psychological Study on Envy in Adolescence㸸An Influence of Self Esteem and Interpersonal Attitudes on Envy in Junior High School Pupils
Miwa TSUE 1 and Yoichi BABAZONO2
1Kochi Welfare Specialist College : 2Laboratory of Educational Education Unit, Humanities and Social
Sciences Cluster, Kochi University
Abstract: The aim of this study was to clarify how self esteem and interpersonal attitudes influence on envy in high school pupils. Envy consists of two subscales of emotion and coping strategy. As a result of factor analysis, five factors in emotion and four in coping strategies were found. Path analysis was performed to examine the relation from emotion to coping strategy, self esteem to emotion and coping strategy and personal attitude to emotion and coping strategy. The main results indicated that self esteem influences on dejection, refusal , challenge and confinement, whereas ambivalent factor in interpersonal attitude scale influences on all factors in emotion of envy. From these results, we discussed about the nature and characteristics of emotion and coping strategy in envy that are complicated concepts.
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୰Ꮫ௦ࡣ㸪ே㛵ಀࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪⮬ศ㐺ࡍࡿ㡿ᇦࡀఱ࡛࠶ࡿࢆ⪃࠼ጞࡵࡿᮇ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬⮬ศ ࡀษࡋࡓ࠸㡿ᇦ࡛ඃ㉺ࡍࡿேࡀฟ⌧ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ሙ㠃㸪ఱᗘࡶ㐼㐝ࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬⮬ศࡗ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ 㡿ᇦ࠾ࡅࡿேࡢඃᛶࡣ㸪ぶࡋࡳࡸඹឤࢆࡶࡘ㠃㸪ࡕࡽࡢඃ㉺ࡼࡾጊࡳឤࢆᢪ࠸ࡓࡾ㸪ᢪࢀࡓࡾ ࢆ⤒㦂ࡍࡿ㸬ே㛫㛵ಀࡢᣢࡕ᪉ࡸᑐேࢫ࢟ࣝࡶศᡂ⇍ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸୰Ꮫ⏕ࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡁ࡞ᝎࡳ࡞ࡿࡇࡶ ࠶ࢁ࠺㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ጊࡳឤྥࡁྜ࠸㸪ᮃࡲࡋ࠸᪉ྥྥࡗ࡚⮬ᕫࢆぢࡘࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀᛮᮇࡢᡂ㛗ㄢ㢟 ࡢ㸯ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࡽ࠼㸪ጊࡳࡢឤ≉ᛶࡸᑐฎ⾜ືࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸㸬 㸯㸬ጊࡳឤࡣ ጊࡳឤࡣ㸪࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬ጊࡳ┦ᙜࡍࡿゝⴥࡋ࡚㸪ⱥㄒᅪ࡛ࡣ jealousy envy ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦Parrott and Smith,1993㸧㸬᪂ⱥ㎡ࡼࡿ㸪ࠕjealousy ࡣ envy ࡼࡾಶேⓗ࡞ឤ࡛ඃ㉺⪅ࢆጊࡳ ᝏࡍࡿឤ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪envy ࡣேࡢᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࢆ⮬ศࡶࡶࡕࡓ࠸⩎ࡴẼᣢࡕ࡛࠶ࡿࠖᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽ ࡢㄒࡢ㑥ヂ࡛ࡣ jealousy ࡣࠕࡋࡗ㸪ࡸࡁࡶࡕ㸪ࡡࡓࡳࠖ㸪envy ࡣࠕࡡࡓࡳ㸪ࡋࡗ㸪࠺ࡽࡸࡳࠖ࠸ࡗࡓヂㄒ ࡀ࡚ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ពⓗࡣΰྠࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿ㸬Parrot(1991)㸪Parrott and Smith(1993) ࡶ jealousy envy ࡣᴫ ᛕⓗࡶ⤒㦂ⓗࡶΰྠࡋࡓពྜ࠸ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆᣦࡋ㸪⏝ㄒࡢ༊ูࢆᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ༊ูࡍࡿ◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗ ࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪envy ࡣ⮬ศࡗ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㡿ᇦ㸦࠼ࡤ㸪ᡯ⬟㸪ᴗ⦼㸪ᡤ᭷≀࡞㸧㛵ࡋ࡚㸪⪅ࡢẚ㍑ ࠾࠸࡚ຎࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡁ⏕ࡌࡿឤ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢឤࡣຎ➼ឤ㸪⇕ᮃ㸪៓㸪ᝏព➼㸪࠸ࡃࡘࡢឤせ⣲ࡀ ྵࡲࢀࡿࡇࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪jealousy ࡣ㸪ேࡢ㛵ಀࡢ୰࡛⏕ࡌࡿ࠸࠺≉ᚩࢆࡶࡕ㸪࠼ࡤ⪅ࢆࣛ ࣂࣝどࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚㸪⮬ศࡀ⪅ࡼࡾࡶຎࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽ⏕ࡌࡿឤ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᦆኻࡢᜍࢀࡸ㸪ษࡾࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡢ ࠸ ࡸ ᛣ ࡾ ࡞ ࡀ ྵ ࡲ ࢀ ࡿ ࠸ ࠺ 㸬 jealousy ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ྠ ᵝ ࡢ ᐃ ⩏ ࡣ Izard (1996) ࡸ Salovey and Rodin(1984)࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡳࡽࢀࡿ㸬Salovey & Rodin (1984)ࡣ㸪♫ⓗẚ㍑ࢪ࢙ࣛࢩ࣮࠸࠺⏝ㄒࢆ⏝࠸㸪ࡇࡢᐃ⩏ ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕ㛵ಀࢆࡶࡘ⪅ࡢẚ㍑ࡽ⏕ࡌࡿឤࠖព࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⮬ศࡀ㛵ᚰࢆᐤࡏࡿ㡿ᇦ࡛⮬ศఝࡓ ⪅ࡀᑡࡋࡔࡅඃ࡞ሙྜ᭱ࡶᙉࡃ♫ⓗẚ㍑ࢪ࢙ࣛࢩ࣮ࡀ⤒㦂ࡉࢀ㸪㐩㛵ಀࢆ⠏ࡃẼᣢࡕࡀ᭱ࡶపࡃ࡞ࡿ࠸ ࠺ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ពⓗ࡞㐪࠸ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪௨ୖࡢᴫほࡽඹ㏻ࡍࡿࡇࡣ㸪ከࡃࡢ◊✲⪅ࡀᣦࡍࡿࡼ࠺ 㸪ጊࡳࡣࠕ」ྜⓗ(compound)ࠖࠕΰᡂࡉࢀࡓ(blended)ࠖࠕ」㞧(complex)ࠖ࠸ࡗࡓ⾲⌧࡛ࡽ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ከ ࡃࡢឤせ⣲ࡽᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬Izard(1996)ࡣ㸪jealousy ࡣࠕᜍᛧࠖࠕᛣࡾࠖ࠸࠺ᇶᮏ ⓗឤࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬Smith and Parrott (1988) ࡣ㸪envy ࡀࠕຎ➼ឤ㸦inferiority㸧ࠖࠕ‶㊊ឤ 㸦dissatisfaction㸧ࠖࠕ⨥ᝏឤ㸦self-criticism㸧ࠖࠕⓎᒎࡢືᶵ㸦motivation to improve㸧ࠖ࠸ࡗࡓせ⣲ࢆྵࡴࡇ ࢆ㸪୍᪉㸪jealousy ࡣࠕᝨ(suspiciousness)ࠖࠕᣄྰ(rejection)ࠖࠕᩛព(hostility)ࠖࠕ႙ኻࡢᜍࢀ(fear of loss)ࠖࠕയ ࡘࡁ(hurt)ࠖ࡞ࡢせ⣲ࢆྵࡴࡶࡢࡽ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸬୍⯡ⓗጊࡳឤࡣࡑࡢከࡃࡀࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪୰ ࡣࠕⓎᒎࡢືᶵࠖ࠸ࡗࡓ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࡶࡢࡶྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢぢゎࢆཧ↷ࡋ࡚㸪ጊࡳឤࡣࠕ⮬ศ ఝࡓ⪅ࡀඃ࡞ሙྜᢪࡃ㸪ぶ㏆᎘ᚷࢆక࠺୧౯ⓗឤ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ឤࡀΰᅾࡍࡿ」 ྜⓗឤ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ほⓗㄆ▱ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࠖᐃ⩏ࡍࡿࡇࡋࡓ㸬 ὠỤ࣭㤿ሙᅬ(2003)ࡢᏛ⏕ࡢጊࡳ⤒㦂ᅇ㢳ㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㸪KJ ἲࡼࡿศ㢮ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ጊࡳឤࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿせ ⣲ࡋ࡚ࠕ⩎ᮃࠖࠕᩛពࠖࠕබᖹឤࠖࠕ┦ᡭࡢᮇᚅࠖࠕ⮬㈐ࠖࠕၥࠖࠕᛌឤࠖࠕᑗ᮶ࡢᕼᮃࠖࠕྜ⌮ࠖࠕ┦ᡭ ឤᚰࠖࠕ↓㛵ᚰࠖࠕ㛤ࡁ┤ࡾࠖࠕ↓ຊឤࠖ࠸ࡗࡓୗ࢝ࢸࢦࣜࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࡢศ㢮ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ጊࡳឤࡣࢿ࢞ࢸ ࣈ࡞ឤࡀከ࠸୰࡛ࡶ㸪ࠕᑗ᮶ࡢᕼᮃࠖࠕ┦ᡭឤᚰࡍࡿࠖ࡞࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ឤࡶྵࡲࢀࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬 ࡇࡢㄪᰝࢆࡶ㸪ὠỤ࣭㤿ሙᅬ㸦2003㸧ࡣୗ࢝ࢸࢦࣜ 20 㡯┠ࢆ㑅ᐃࡋ㸪୰Ꮫ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓ㉁ၥ⣬ࢆసᡂࡋࡓ㸬 ⮬ぬࡋ㞴࠸ጊࡳឤࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ጊࡳឤࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋࡸࡍ࠸㡿ᇦࡢ␗࡞ࡿ㸱ࡘࡢ௬ሙ㠃ࢆᐃ !"#$$%&'() *+,- ./01023ࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢሙ㠃࡛ࡢጊࡳឤࡘ࠸࡚ 20 㡯┠ࡢ㉁ၥ㡯┠ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ 4 ௳ἲ࡛ࡢホᐃࢆồࡵࡓ㸬ᅉᏊศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪 ጊࡳឤࡣࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ᅉᏊࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪⮬ศࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ᅉᏊࡶྵࡲࢀࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ᅉᏊศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ Table1 ♧ࡍ㸬ࡇࡢ⾲ࡽ㸪➨ 1 ᅉᏊࢆࠕᢚ࠺ࡘឤࠖᅉᏊ㸪➨ 2 ᅉᏊࢆࠕᑐᢠᚰࠖᅉ Ꮚ㸪➨ 3 ᅉᏊࢆࠕྥୖᚰࠖᅉᏊ㸪➨ 4 ᅉᏊࢆࠕබᖹឤࠖᅉᏊ㸪➨ 5 ᅉᏊࢆࠕ↓ຊឤࠖᅉᏊྡࡋࡓ㸬 㸰 㸰㸬㸬ጊጊࡳࡳࡢࡢᑐᑐฎฎ⾜⾜ືື ጊࡳឤࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ㸪ࡑࡢឤᑐฎࡍࡿ⾜ືࡀᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡿែࡀᐃࡉࢀࡿ㸬ጊࡳឤࢆⓎ⏕ࡉࡏࡿࡼ࠺ ࡞ሙ㠃ࡣ୰Ꮫᰯ⏕άࡣ᪥ᖖⲔ㣤࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ጊࡳឤࡣ」ྜⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞㠃 ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞㠃ࡀΰᅾࡋࡓ୧౯ⓗឤᡞᝨ࠺ࡶ㸪ࡑࡢᑐฎⱞࡋࡴࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣጊࡳ ᑐࡍࡿᑐฎ⾜ືࡋ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬Silver and Sabini(1978)ࡣ㸪ᑐ㇟࡞ࡗࡓ┦ᡭ ࢆ㈘ࡵࡿ࠸ࡗࡓࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ᑐฎ⾜ືࢆ㸪Smith and Parrott(1999)ࡣ㸪ጊࡳࢆከࡃ⤒㦂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡉࢀࡿ⿕㦂⪅ ࡢ᪉ࡀ㸪࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ᑐฎ⾜ືࢆࡿ࠸ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬Salovey and Rodin(1988) ࡣࠕ⮬ᕫಙ㢗ࠖࠕ⮬ ᕫ⿵ᙉࠖࠕ㑅ᢥⓗ↓どࠖ࠸࠺㸱ࡘࡢᑐฎ᪉␎ࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬Vecchio (1997) ࡣ㸪ࠕ◚ቯⓗ̿ᘓタⓗࠖࠕ⪅㛵ࢃࡿ ̿㛵ࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ࠸࠺㸰ḟඖࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ᭱㏆ࡢ◊✲࡛⃝⏣࣭᪂(2002)ࡢᑠᏛ⏕୰Ꮫ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㸪ጊࡳᑐฎ᪉␎ࡣࠕ◚ቯⓗ㛵ࠖࠕពᅗ ⓗᅇ㑊ࠖࠕᘓタⓗゎỴࠖ࠸࠺㸱ᅉᏊࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇࢆぢฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ὠỤ࣭㤿ሙᅬ(2003)ࡢᏛ⏕ࡢጊࡳ⤒㦂ᅇ 㢳ㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㸪ጊࡳࢆ⏕ࡌࡉࡏࡓ┦ᡭ㛵ࢃࡿྰ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ୍᪉ⓗ᪉ྥ➼ࡢᑐேⓗ࡞ᑐฎ⾜ືᇶ࡙࠸ࡓศ 㢮ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡇࢁ㸪ࠕኚ࡞ࡋࠖࠕᅇ㑊ࠖࠕ᭹ᚑࠖࠕᏛ⩦ࠖࠕᙇࠖࠕᑐ❧ࠖࠕሗࠖࠕゎࠖࠕឤ⾲ฟࠖࠕດຊࠖࠕ➨୕⪅ ࡢධࠖ࠸࠺ 11 ࡢୗ࢝ࢸࢦࣜศ㢮ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᚓࡽࢀࡓ 11 ࡢୗ࢝ࢸࢦࣜࡶ࡙࠸ ࡚㸪㸱ࡘࡢ௬ጊࡳሙ㠃࡛ࡢⓏሙே≀ࡢලయⓗ࡞ᑐฎ⾜ືࢆ ᐃࡍࡿ㉁ၥ㡯┠ࢆ 12 㡯┠సᡂࡋ㸪୰Ꮫ⏕ᑐࡋ࡚ㄪ ᰝࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢆᅉᏊศᯒࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾ㸪ጊࡳࡢᑐฎ⾜ືࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅉᏊࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࡢࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿ㸬 㸱 㸱㸬㸬ጊጊࡳࡳᑐᑐேேែែᗘᗘ ጊࡳࡣᑐ㇟࡞ࡿ┦ᡭࡀ࠸࡚ᢪࡃឤ࡛࠶ࡿࡽ㸪⪅⮬ศࡢ㛵ಀࢆࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ ࠸࠺ᑐேែᗘࡀࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ᑐேែᗘࢆ ᐃࡍࡿᑻᗘࡋ࡚㸪ᡞ⏣(1988)ࡢෆⓗసᴗࣔࢹࣝᑻᗘ ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢᑻᗘࡣ Bowlby ࡢឡ╔⌮ㄽᑐᛂࡋࡓᏳᐃ㸦Secure㸧㸪ᅇ㑊㸦Avoidant㸧㸪୧౯㸦Ambivalent㸧࠸࠺
㸱ࡘࡢୗᑻᗘࡽ࡞ࡿ㸬Ᏻᐃ⩌ᒓࡍࡿಶேࡣࠕ⪅ࡣᛂ⟅ⓗ࡛㸪⮬ᕫࡣຓࡉࢀࡿ౯್ࡢ࠶ࡿᏑᅾࠖ࠸࠺⾲ ㇟ࢆ㸪ᅇ㑊⩌ᒓࡍࡿಶேࡣࠕ⪅ࡣྰᐃⓗ࡛㸪ຓࢆᮇᚅ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ⿵ࡍࡿࡓࡵ⮬ᕫ㊊ⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾࠖ ࠸࠺⮬ᕫࡢ⾲㇟ࢆ㸪୧౯⩌ᒓࡍࡿಶேࡣࠕ⪅ᑐࡋ㸪ࣥࣅࣂࣞࣥࢺ(୧౯)࡞⾲㇟ࢆࡶࡕ㸪⮬ᕫឤࡀᙉ ࠸ࠖ࠸࠺≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ෆⓗసᴗࣔࢹࣝࡣஙᗂඣᮇ࠾ࡅࡿẕᏊ㛵ಀࡀᇶ┙࡞ࡗ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿᑐே㛵ಀࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ ᚋࡢⓎ㐩ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡇࢆ㔜どࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⮬ᡃⓎ㐩㸪ࢯ࣮ࢩࣕࣝࢫ࢟ࣝ㸪ࢯ࣮ࢩࣕࣝࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ࡞ᵝࠎ࡞ᚰ⌮ ኚᩘࡢ㛵㐃ࡀ᫂ࡽࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ጊࡳෆⓗసᴗࣔࢹࣝࡢ㛵㐃ࢆㄪࡓ◊✲ࡣ࠸ࡲࡔぢࡽࢀ ࡞࠸㸬ጊࡳࡶᑐே㛵ಀࡢ୰࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ෆⓗసᴗࣔࢹࣝࡢ㸱ࡘࡢୗᑻᗘࡀጊࡳឤࡸጊࡳ⾜ືࢆ ᵓᡂࡍࡿୗᅉᏊࡢࡼ࠺㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆㄪࡿࡇࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣෆⓗసᴗࣔࢹ࡛ࣝぢฟࡉ ࢀࡓࠕᏳᐃࠖࠕᅇ㑊ࠖࠕ୧౯ࠖࡢ 3 ᅉᏊጊࡳឤ࣭ጊࡳ⾜ືࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ㸪ὠỤ࣭㤿ሙᅬ㸦2003㸧࡛సᡂ ࡋࡓጊࡳឤᑻᗘᮏ◊✲࡛సᡂࡍࡿጊࡳ⾜ືᑻᗘࡢᵓᡂᴫᛕⓗጇᙜᛶࢆ᥈ࡿ㸬 㸲㸬ጊࡳ⮬ᑛᚰ ⮬ᑛᚰ㸦self-esteem㸹⮬ᑛᚰ㸪⮬ᕫ౯್ࡶࡤࢀࡿ)ࡣ㸪ேࡀ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡼ࠺ឤࡌࡿ࠸࠺ឤ ࡌ᪉ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⮬ศࡢ⬟ຊࡸ౯್ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢホ౯ⓗ࡞ឤࡸឤぬࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿ㸦ᒣᮏ࣭ᯇ㸬ᒣ ᡂ㸪1982㸧㸬ࡇࡢ⮬ᑛᚰࡢ㧗ࡉࡀጊࡳឤ㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡍ◊✲ࡀከࡃሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ጊࡳឤࡢࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ᑐฎ⾜ືࡋ࡚㸪ࡲࡎ┦ᡭࡢᨷᧁࢆᣲࡆࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺㸬ᅵᒃ(1998)ࡣᏊࡶࡢၥ 㢟⾜ື㸪≉࠸ࡌࡵࡣ┦ᡭࡢጊࡳឤࡀ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ጊࡳឤࡣ⪅ࡢඃ㉺ࢆぢࡓ ࡁ⏕ࡌࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽ㸪ࡑࡇࡣ⮬ᑛᚰపୗࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬Sarnoff and Zimbardo(1961)ࡣ㸪⮬ᑛ ᚰࡢపୗࢆ㜵Ṇࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪⪅ࡽᏙ❧ࡋ㸪ẚ㍑ࢆṆࡵࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᡂ⦼ࡢᝏ࠸ࡇࢆ▱ࡽࡉ ࢀࡓࡾ㸪㐣ᗘࡢᏳࢆࡧ㉳ࡇࡍ⥴ⓗయ㦂ࢆࡍࡿ㸪⪅ࡢẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࢃ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡾ㸪ぶⓗ⾜ືࡀῶᑡࡍࡿ ഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺㸬 Latané(1966)ࡣ㸪⮬ᕫ౯್ࢆ㧗ᥭࡉࡏࡿ㸪㜵⾨ࡉࡏࡿࡼࡗ࡚㸪ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜࠺┦ᡭࡀ㐪࠺ࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ⮬ᕫ౯್㧗ᥭࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓẚ㍑ࡣୖ⪅ࡢẚ㍑࡛⾜ࢃࢀ㸪⮬ᕫୖ⪅ࡢ㛫࡛ྠ୍ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ㸦ୖ᪉ẚ ㍑㸧㸬Wheeler(1966)ࡼࡿ㸪ୖ⪅ࡢẚ㍑ࡣ㸪ྥୖࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ㧗࠸⾜ࢃࢀࡸࡍ࠸㸬㧗⏣࣭㧗⏣(1976) ࡼࡿ㸪ୖ⪅ࡢẚ㍑ࡣ㸪⮬ศࡀⰋ࠸ᡂ⦼ࢆྲྀࡗࡓࡁ࡞㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡀ㧗࠸≧ែࢆ⮬ぬࡋ࠸ࡿࡁ⾜ࢃࢀ ࡸࡍ࠸ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ୍᪉㸪Latané(1966) ࡣ㸪ẚ㍑ࡀ⮬ᕫ౯್ࢆ㜵⾨ࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡣ㸪ୗ⪅ࡀ㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡿࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ୗ᪉ẚ㍑㸧㸬Friend and Gilbert (1973) ࡣ㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡀ⬣ࡉࢀࡸࡍ࠸≧ἣࡸಶேࡀࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ୗ᪉ẚ㍑ࢆ ⾜࠺ࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⊁㔝(1980)ࡶ㸪⮬ᑛឤࡢ⬣ጾࡀᙉ࠸≧ἣ࠾࠸࡚㸪ẚ㍑ࡢᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚ୗ⪅ ࡀከࡃ㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡿࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬Wills(1981) ࡶ㸪⮬ศࡼࡾࡶ㐠࡞⪅ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛㸪ேࡣほⓗᖾ⚟ឤࢆቑ ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ୗ᪉ẚ㍑ࡣ⮬ศࡢᖾ⚟ឤࢆឤࡌࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡁ㸪ࡃ⮬ᑛᚰࡀ⬣ጾࡉࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ሙྜ㉳ࡇࡾࡀࡕ࡛࠶ࡿࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ㸪⌧≧ࡀ⮬ศࡼࡾ㐠࡞⪅ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ཷືⓗ࡞ୗ᪉ẚ㍑ࡔࡅ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⪅ࢆയࡘࡅࡓࡾ㸪୰യࡋࡓࡾࡋ࡚⮬ศࡼࡾࡵ࡞≧ែࡋࡓୖ࡛ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜࠸㸪⮬ศࡢほⓗᖾ⚟ឤࢆ 㧗ࡵࡿ࠸࠺⬟ືⓗ࡞ᙧែࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
ࡉࡽ⮬ᑛᚰࡀ㧗࠸᪉ࡀጊࡳᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ࠸࠺◊✲ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬Dion and Dion(1975)ࡣ⮬ᑛᚰࡢ㧗࠸⪅ࡢ᪉ࡀ㢖 ⦾᎖ጊࡢ⤒㦂ࢆࡍࡿሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬Amstutz(1982)ࡶ⮬ᑛᚰࡢ㧗࠸⪅ࡢ᪉ࡀⓗ᎖ጊࢆᢪࡁࡸࡍࡃ㸪ࡼࡾΰࡸ Ᏻ㸪⨩ࡍࡿẼᣢࡕࡀࡁ࠸ࡇࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬Oweus(1993) ࡣ࠸ࡌࡵ◊✲ࡢ୰࡛㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡀ㧗࠸⪅ࡢ᪉ࡀᭀຊ ⓗᡭẁッ࠼ࡿࡇࢆዲࡳ㸪⾪ືⓗ࡛┦ᡭඃ㉺ࡋࡓ࠸ḧồࡀᙉ࠸ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ௨ୖࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࢆཧ⪃ࡍࡿ㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡢ㧗పࡣጊࡳឤࡸጊࡳ⾜ືࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ᙳ㡪࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ ཬࡰࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪◊✲⤖ᯝࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡢཎᅉࡣ㸪㸯ࡘࡣ➨୕⪅ࡢほᐹࡼࡿㄪᰝࡸᮏ ேࡢ⮬ᕫሗ࿌࡞㸪◊✲᪉ἲ୍㈏ᛶࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡽ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㸰ࡘࡵࡣጊࡳឤࡸጊࡳ⾜ືࡣ」ྜⓗ࡞せ⣲ࡽ !"#$$%&'() *+,- ./01023
࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࡢせ⣲ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ጊࡳឤጊࡳ⾜ືࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿᅉᏊ ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢᅉᏊ⮬ᑛᚰࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡢࢆ᥈ࡿࡇࡋࡓ㸬⮬ᑛᚰࡢ ᐃ Rosenberg(1965)ࡢ Self-esteem ᑻᗘࢆᒣᮏࡽ(1982)ࡀ㑥ヂࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㸬
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㸯 㸯㸬㸬ㄪㄪᰝᰝᑐᑐ㇟㇟⪅⪅㸸㧗▱ᕷෆࡢබ❧୰Ꮫᰯ㸱ᖺ⏕ 70 ྡ㸦⏨ 33 ྡ㸪ዪ 37 ྡ㸧 㸰 㸰㸬㸬ㄪㄪᰝᰝㄢㄢ㢟㢟 㸦 㸦㸯㸯㸧㸧ጊጊࡳࡳឤឤጊጊࡳࡳ⾜⾜ືືࡢࡢ ᐃᐃ ձ ձጊጊࡳࡳឤឤጊጊࡳࡳ⾜⾜ືືㄢㄢ㢟㢟 ⮬ぬࡋ㞴ࡃ㸪➨୕⪅ࡢほᐹࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀጊࡳឤࡢ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿࡽ࠼㸪ጊࡳࢆⓎ⏕ࡋࡸࡍ࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀ ࡿሙ㠃㸦௬ጊࡳሙ㠃㸧ࢆタᐃࡋ࡚㸪Ⓩሙே≀ࡢឤࢆ᥎ ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᑐฎ⾜ືࢆホᐃࡉࡏࡿ㉁ၥ⣬ࢆసᡂࡋࡓ㸬௬ ጊࡳሙ㠃ࢆタᐃࡋࡓࡢࡣ㸪Ⓩሙே≀ࡢ♧ࡍᩥ⬦ᅇ⟅⪅ࡢᐇ⏕ά࡛ࡢጊࡳឤࡸ⾜ືࡀᢞᙳࡉࢀࡿ⪃࠼ࡓࡽ ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ጊࡳឤጊࡳ⾜ືࢆㄪࡿࡓࡵ㸪3 ࡘࡢ㡿ᇦࡽ࡞ࡿ௬ጊࡳሙ㠃ࢆタᐃࡋࡓ㸬1 ࡘࡵࡢ㡿ᇦࡣ㸪ே X ࡀᐜ ጼ㸪Ꮫᴗ㸪ᮏேࡢᚓពศ㔝࠸ࡗࡓࠕ㈨㉁࡛ࠖඃ㉺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ⾲⌧ࡋࡓ㸬2 ࡘࡵࡢ㡿ᇦࡣே Y ࡀᐙᗞࡢ᮲௳ ࡛ᜨࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ࡗࡓࠕ⎔ቃ࡛ࠖ㸪3 ࡘࡵࡢ㡿ᇦࡣ㈹㈶㸪ಙ㢗ࡸὀ┠࠸ࡗࡓࠕ⪅ࡢែᗘ࡛ࠖ㸪ඃ㉺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ ࢆ⾲⌧ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㡿ᇦ࡛ጊࡳឤࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍᐃࡉࢀࡿලయⓗෆᐜࡣ㸪Table2 ♧ࡍ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ෆᐜ ♧ࡉࢀࡓࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜࡢᅗᘧࡣ㸪୰Ꮫ⏕ O ⏨㸦O Ꮚ㸧ࡣே X ࡀ࠸ࡿ௬ᐃࡋ࡚㸪ே X ࡢඃ㉺ࢆ♧ࡍ࠸࠺ᙧ ᘧࢆࡗࡓ㸬 ղ ղጊጊࡳࡳឤឤࢆࢆㄪㄪࡿࡿ㉁㉁ၥၥ⣬⣬ Table3 ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ጊࡳឤ㛵ࡍࡿ㉁ၥ⣬ࡣ㸪ὠỤ࣭㤿ሙᅬ(2003)࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓጊࡳឤ 5 ᅉᏊࡽ 12 㡯┠ࢆ 㑅ᢥࡋࡓ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘឤᅉᏊࡽࠕࡶ࠺࠺ࡋࡼ࠺ࡶ࡞࠸ࢇࡔࠖࠕࡃࡼࡃࡼ㸪⪃࠼ࡇࡴࠖࠕㄡࡶ⮬ศࡢࡇ ࢆࢃࡗ࡚ࡃࢀ࡞࠸ࠖࠕ࡞ࢇ࡞ࡃࡉࡧࡋ࠸ࠖࡢ㸲㡯┠㸪ᑐᢠᚰᅉᏊࡽࠕX ⏨ࡔࡅࡣ㈇ࡅࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࠖࠕࡇࡢࡇ ࢆ⪃࠼ࡓࡔࡅ࡛ࡶ㸪ࡴࡋࡷࡃࡋࡷࡍࡿࠖࠕࡇࢇ࡞ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚㸪ࡃࡸࡋ࠸ࠖࡢ㸱㡯┠㸪ྥୖᚰᅉᏊࡽࠕ⮬ศࡣ⮬ศ ࡛ࡀࢇࡤࡾࡓ࠸ࠖࠕ⮬ศࡶ㸪X ⏨ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡓ࠸ࠖࠕX ⏨ࡣ㸪⮬ศࡼࡾࡼࡃ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡔࠖࡢ㸱㡯┠㸪බᖹឤᅉᏊ ࡽࠕX ⏨ࡤࡾ࡛ࡎࡿ࠸ᛮ࠺ࠖࡢ㸯㡯┠㸪↓ຊឤᅉᏊࡽࠕX ⏨ࡢࡇࡣಙࡌࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠖࡢ㸯㡯┠࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 ᅇࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㸪3 㡿ᇦࡢㄢ㢟࡛⿕㦂⪅ࡢ㜵⾨ⓗ࡞ᛂࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࠕጊࡳࠖ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡣ⏝࠸ࡎ㸪ᯫ✵ࡢ୰Ꮫ⏕ O ⏨㸦O Ꮚ㸧ࡢࠕẼᣢࡕࠖࡘ࠸࡚㸪12 ࡢጊࡳឤ㡯┠ࡢ⛬ᗘ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࢆ㸪㸲ẁ㝵ホᐃ㸦ࠕ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࠕࡸ ࡸ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࠕ࠶ࡲࡾ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࠕ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㸧࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓ㸬 ճ ճጊጊࡳࡳ⾜⾜ືືࢆࢆㄪㄪࡿࡿ㉁㉁ၥၥ⣬⣬ ጊࡳ⾜ື㛵ࡍࡿ㉁ၥ⣬ࡣ㸪ὠỤ࣭㤿ሙᅬ(2003)࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ࢝ࢸࢦࣜࡽ㸪ࠕẼᣢࡕࡢ㞃ⶸࠖࠕ↓どࠖࠕ➨୕⪅㛵ࠖ !"#$%&'()*+,-./012345678ࠕ⮬ᕫⓎᒎࠖࠕᶍೌࠖࠕྠ୍ࡢດຊࠖࠕ㛫᥋ᨷᧁࠖࠕኚ࡞ࡋࠖࠕ┤᥋ᨷᧁࠖࠕⴠࡕ㎸ࡳࠖࠕ⮬ศ࡞ࡾࡢ⾜ືࠖࠕྲྀࡾ ධࢀࠖᇶ࡙࠸࡚ Table3 ♧ࡍ 12 㡯┠ࢆసᡂࡋࡓ(Table3)㸬ㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡢᛶᯫ✵ࡢ୰Ꮫ⏕ O ⏨㸦O Ꮚ㸧ࡢᛶࡣ㸪 ୍⮴ࡉࡏࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽ 12 㡯┠ࡘ࠸࡚㸪㸲ẁ㝵ホᐃ㸦ࠕ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࠕࡸࡸ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࠕ࠶ࡲࡾ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࠕ࠶ ࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㸧ࡼࡾᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓ㸬 ((22))⮬⮬ᑛᑛᚰᚰࡢࡢ ᐃᐃ ⮬ᑛᚰࡢ ᐃࡣ㸪Rosenberg(1965)ࡢసᡂࡋࡓ Self-esteem ᑻᗘࡢᒣᮏࡽ(1982)ࡢ㑥ヂ∧ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢᑻᗘ ࡣࠕᑡ࡞ࡃࡶே୪ࡳࡣ౯್ࡢ࠶ࡿே㛫࡛࠶ࡿࠖࠕ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞Ⰻ࠸⣲㉁ࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࠕࡔ࠸ࡓ࠸࠾࠸࡚⮬ศ ‶㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡞ 10 㡯┠ࡽ࡞ࡾ㸪⪅ࡢẚ㍑ࡼࡾ⏕ࡌࡿඃ㉺ឤࡸຎ➼ឤ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⮬㌟࡛⮬ᕫࡢᑛ㔜ࡸ ౯್ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿ⛬ᗘࢆㄪࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽ 10 㡯┠ࢆ 4 ẁ㝵ホᐃ㸦ࠕ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࠕࡸࡸ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࠕ࠶ࡲ ࡾ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࠕ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㸧ࡼࡾᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓ㸬 ((33))ᑐᑐேேែែᗘᗘࡢࡢ ᐃᐃ ᡞ⏣(1988)ࡢෆⓗసᴗࣔࢹࣝᑻᗘ 18 㡯┠ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ᑐேែᗘࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢᑻᗘࡣ㸪Ᏻᐃ㸦Secure㸧㸪ᅇ㑊 㸦Avoidant㸧㸪୧౯㸦Ambivalent㸧࠸࠺㸱ࡘࡢୗᑻᗘࡽ࡞ࡿ㸬ྛᑻᗘࡢ㉁ၥ㡯┠ࢆ♧ࡍࡿ㸪Ᏻᐃᑻᗘࡣ ࠕ⚾ࡣ▱ࡾྜ࠸ࡀ࡛ࡁࡸࡍ࠸᪉ࡔࠖࠕ⚾ࡣࡍࡄேぶࡋࡃ࡞ࡿ᪉ࡔࠖ࡞ࡢ㸴㡯┠ࡽ࡞ࡾ㸪⪅ࡣᛂ⟅ⓗ࡛⮬ᕫ ࡣຓࡉࢀࡿ౯್ࡢ࠶ࡿᏑᅾ࠸࠺⮬ᕫ㛵ࡍࡿෆᐜࢆၥ࠺࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᅇ㑊ᑻᗘࡣࠕே㢗ࡿࡢࡣዲࡁ࡛࡞࠸ࠖࠕ⚾ࡣ ே㢗ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㸪⮬ศ 1 ே࡛ศ࠺ࡲࡃࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡅࡿᛮ࠺ࠖ࡞ࡢ㸴㡯┠ࡽ࡞ࡾ㸪⪅ࡣᣄྰⓗ࡛ຓࡀ ᮇᚅ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇࡽࡇࢀࢆ⿵ࡍࡿࡓࡵᴟࡵ࡚⮬ᕫ㊊ⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾ࠸࠺⮬ᕫ㛵ࡍࡿෆᐜࢆၥ࠺࡚࠸ࡿ㸬୧౯ ᑻᗘࡣࠕேࡣᮏᙜࡣ࠸ࡸ࠸ࡸ࡞ࡀࡽ⚾ぶࡋࡃࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠖࠕ⮬ศࢆಙ⏝࡛ࡁ࡞ ࠸ࡇࡀࡼࡃ࠶ࡿࠖ࡞ࡢ㸴㡯┠ࡽ࡞ࡾ㸪⪅ᑐࡋ࡚ಙ㢗ಙࡢࣥࣅࣂࣞࣥࢺ࡞⾲㇟ࢆࡶࡕ㸪⮬ᕫឤ ࡢᙉࡉࢆၥ࠺࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽ 18 㡯┠ࢆ 4 ẁ㝵ホᐃ㸦ࠕ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࠕࡸࡸ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࠕ࠶ࡲࡾ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࠕ࠶ ࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㸧ࡼࡾᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓ㸬 㸱 㸱㸬㸬ᡭᡭ⥆⥆ࡁࡁ ㄪᰝㄢ㢟ࡢෆᐜࢆྵࢇࡔᏊ㸦A4 ∧࡛ 6 ࣮࣌ࢪࡽ࡞ࡿ㸧ࢆసᡂࡋࡓ㸬ෆᐜᵓᡂࡣ㸪1 ࣮࣌ࢪ┠ࡣ㢟ࢆタࡅ㸪 2 ࣮࣌ࢪࡽ 4 ࣮࣌ࢪࡣጊࡳឤጊࡳ⾜ືࡢ㉁ၥ⣬ࢆ㸪5 ࣮࣌ࢪ 6 ࣮࣌ࢪࡣᑐேែᗘᑻᗘ⮬ᑛឤᑻᗘࢆ㍕ !"#$$%&'() *+,- ./01023
ࡏࡓ㸬ㄪᰝࡢᐇࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭ᢸ௵౫㢗ࡋࡓ㸬࣮࣒࣮࣒࣍ࣝࡢ㛫ᐇࡋ㸪ㄪᰝせࡋࡓ㛫ࡣ⣙ 25 ศ࡛ ࠶ࡗࡓ㸬
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ᅇ⟅ഛࡢ࠶ࡗࡓ⪅ࢆ㝖ࡁ㸪᭱⤊ⓗ࡞ㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡣ 61 ྡ㸦⏨ 27 ྡ㸪ዪ 34 ྡ㸧࡞ࡗࡓ㸬 㸯 㸯㸬㸬ጊጊࡳࡳឤឤᑻᑻᗘᗘࡢࡢᅉᅉᏊᏊศศᯒᯒ ጊࡳឤᑻᗘࡢᅉᏊࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ὠỤ࣭㤿ሙᅬ㸦2003㸧࡛ぢฟࡋࡓ 5 ᅉᏊࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ ෆヂࡣࠕᢚ࠺ࡘᅉᏊࠖࠕᑐᢠᅉᏊࠖࠕྥୖᚰᅉᏊࠖࠕබᖹឤᅉᏊࠖࠕ↓ຊឤᅉᏊ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾ㸪Table3 ♧ࡍ㉁ၥ㡯┠ ᑐᛂࡉࡏࡓ㸬 㸰 㸰㸬㸬ጊጊࡳࡳ⾜⾜ືືᑻᑻᗘᗘࡢࡢᅉᅉᏊᏊศศᯒᯒ ㉁ၥ⣬ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡓ 12 㡯┠ࡣ㸪ࠕ㈨㉁ࠖࠕ⎔ቃࠖࠕ➨୕⪅ࡢែᗘࠖࡢ 3 㡿ᇦ࡛ࡢᚓⅬࢆྜィࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢆࡶࡋ࡚ ᅉᏊἲࡼࡿᅉᏊศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࠕ➨୕⪅㛵ࠖࠕኚ࡞ࡋࠖࡢ㸰㡯┠ࡣ㸪」ᩘࡢᅉᏊ㛫࡛㈇Ⲵ㔞ࡀ㧗ࡗࡓࡓࡵ Ⰻ㡯┠ࡋ࡚๐㝖ࡋ㸪10 㡯┠ࡘ࠸࡚ᗘ㸪ᅉᏊἲࡼࡿᅉᏊศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬➨ 3 ᅉᏊ➨ 4 ᅉᏊࡢᅛ᭷್ࡣ 㸯௨ୗࡢᩘ್ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡀ㸪㸲ᅉᏊゎࡀゎ㔘ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡶࡢࡽ࠼ࡓ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ࡇࢀࡽ 4 ᅉᏊࢆ㍈ࡋ࡚ࣉ࣐ࣟࢵࢡࢫ ᅇ㌿ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡢࡀ Table4 ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ྛᅉᏊࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿ㡯┠ࡢᅉᏊ㈇Ⲵ㔞ࡣ 0.45 ௨ୖࡋࡓ㸬ྛᅉᏊ࠾ࡅࡿ㡯┠㛫ࡢෆⓗᩚྜᛶࢆㄪࡿࡓࡵȘಀ ᩘࢆồࡵࡓࡇࢁ㸪➨ 4 ᅉᏊࡣࡸࡸప࠸ഴྥ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ᅉᏊ࡛ጇᙜ࡞್ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ㸬ྛᅉᏊࡢゎ㔘ࢆヨࡳࡿ 㸪 ➨㸯ᅉᏊࡣ㸪ࠕ┤᥋ᨷᧁࠖࠕ㛫᥋ᨷᧁࠖࠕ↓どࠖࡢ㸱㡯┠࡛ᅉᏊ㈇Ⲵ㔞ࡀ㧗ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㡯┠ࡣ㸪ጊࡳࢆឤ ࡌࡓ┦ᡭᑐࡋ࡚㸪ఱࡽࡢᙧ࡛ᨷᧁࢆຍ࠼㸪ࢲ࣓࣮ࢪࢆ࠼ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ⾜ືࡽ࠼㸪ࠕᣄྰࠖᅉᏊྡࡉࢀࡓ㸬 ➨㸰ᅉᏊࡣ㸪ࠕ⮬ᕫⓎᒎࠖࠕ⮬ศ࡞ࡾࡢ⾜ືࠖࡢ㸰㡯┠࡛ᅉᏊ㈇Ⲵ㔞ࡀ㧗ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㡯┠ࡣ㸪ጊࡳࢆឤࡌࡓ ࡶ㸪┦ᡭࡢඃ㉺࠸࠺⌧ᐇࡽ⮬ᕫࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆᗈࡆࡿ⾜ືࢆࡿࡽ࠼㸪ࠕᣮᡓࠖᅉᏊྡࡉࢀࡓ㸬 ➨㸱ᅉᏊࡣ㸪ࠕྠ୍ࡢດຊࠖࠕᶍೌࠖࠕྲྀࡾධࢀࠖࡢ㸱㡯┠࡛ᅉᏊ㈇Ⲵ㔞ࡀ㧗ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㡯┠ࡣ㸪ጊࡳࢆ ឤࡌࡓ┦ᡭࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡇࢆ┠ᶆࡍࡿ⾜ືࡽ࠼㸪ࠕ᥋㏆ࠖᅉᏊྡࡉࢀࡓ㸬 ➨㸲ᅉᏊࡣ㸪ࠕẼᣢࡕࡢ㞃ⶸࠖࠕⴠࡕ㎸ࡳࠖࡢ㸰㡯┠࡛ᅉᏊ㈇Ⲵ㔞ࡀ㧗ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㡯┠ࡣ㸪ጊࡳࢆឤࡌࡓ┦ ᡭ᥋ゐࡍࡿࡇࢆ㑊ࡅ㸪⮬ศࡢẆ㛢ࡌࡇࡶࡿ⾜ືࡽ࠼㸪ࠕ㛢ሰࠖᅉᏊྡࡉࢀࡓ㸬 !"#$%&'()*+,-./012345678㸱 㸱㸬㸬⮬⮬ᑛᑛᚰᚰᑐᑐேேែែᗘᗘ୪୪ࡧࡧጊጊࡳࡳࡢࡢ㛵㛵㐃㐃 㸦 㸦㸯㸯㸧㸧ᑻᑻᗘᗘ㛫㛫ࡢࡢ┦┦㛵㛵⾜⾜ิิ ඛ⾜◊✲ࡼࡾ⮬ᑛᚰᑻᗘࡣ 1 ᅉᏊᵓ㐀࡛࠶ࡾ㸦ᒣᮏ࣭ᯇ࣭ᒣᡂ㸪1982㸧㸪ෆⓗసᴗࣔࢹࣝ㸦ᑐேែᗘ㸧ᑻᗘࡣ 3 ᅉᏊᵓ㐀࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᡞ⏣㸪1988㸧ࡇࡀุ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢᅉᏊࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲ⏝ࡋࡓ㸬ࡋࡓࡀ ࡗ࡚⮬ᑛᚰᑻᗘ࠾ࡅࡿ⮬ᑛᚰᅉᏊࡣ㉁ၥ⣬࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓ 10 㡯┠ࡀ㸪ᑐேែᗘᑻᗘࡣ 3 ᅉᏊࡑࢀࡒࢀ 5 㡯┠ࡎ ࡘࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢᅉᏊྵࡲࢀࡿ㡯┠ࡢᖹᆒⅬࢆồࡵࡓ㸬ጊࡳឤᑻᗘࡣ๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ὠ Ụ࣭㤿ሙᅬ㸦1993㸧࡛ぢฟࡋࡓ 5 ᅉᏊࢆ㸪୍᪉㸪ጊࡳ⾜ືᑻᗘࡣᮏ◊✲࡛ぢฟࡋࡓ 4 ᅉᏊࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽᑻᗘ ࠾ࡅࡿᅉᏊ㛫ࡢ┦㛵⾜ิࡣ Table5 ♧ࡍ࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 㸦 㸦㸰㸰㸧㸧ጊጊࡳࡳឤឤጊጊࡳࡳ⾜⾜ືືࡢࡢ㛵㛵㐃㐃 ጊࡳឤࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࡢᑐฎ⾜ືࡋ࡚ࡢጊࡳ⾜ືࡀᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺㛵ಀࡀᡂࡾ❧ࡘ㸬ࡑ ࡇ࡛ឤࢆཎᅉ㸪⾜ືࢆࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡽ࠼㸪ጊࡳឤ㸳ᅉᏊࡀጊࡳ⾜ື㸲ᅉᏊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡢࡘ ࠸࡚㸪ឤࡽ⾜ືࡢࣃࢫࢆᐃࡋ࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ศᯒ⏝࠸ࡓࢯࣇࢺࡣ AMOS 18(SPSS ♫〇)࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⤖ ᯝࡣ Fig.1 ♧ࡍ࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 !"#$$%&'() *+,- ./01023
Fig.1 ࡣ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࣃࢫࡢࡳࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿ㸬ࣃࢫୖ♧ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽೫ᅇᖐಀᩘ(ș)࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ጊࡳ⾜ືࡢྛᅉᏊ㸦ෆ⏕ኚᩘ㸧♧ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿᩘ್ࡣㄝ᫂⋡(R2)࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ෆ⏕ኚᩘ࡛ࡢㄗᕪኚᩘࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ┬␎ࡋࡓ㸬 ࡞࠾㸪ᅗ♧ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿᐇ⥺ࡣṇࡢࣃࢫ㸪◚⥺ࡣ㈇ࡢࣃࢫࢆ㸪ኴ⥺ࡣ 0.1%(***)㸪୰ኴ⥺ࡣ 1㸣(**)㸪⣽⥺ࡣ 5㸣(*)㸪 ᴟ⣽⥺ࡣ 10㸣(͊)࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ᭷ពỈ‽ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ឤᅉᏊ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠕྥୖࠖࠕᑐᢠࠖ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ឤᅉᏊ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠕබᖹࠖࠕᢚ࠺ࡘࠖࠕ ಙឤࠖศࡅ࡚㸪⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 ឤᅉᏊࠕྥୖࠖࡣ㸪⾜ືᅉᏊࠕ᥋㏆ࠖ(ș㸻0.66㸪p<.001)㸪ࠕᣮᡓࠖ(ș㸻0.60㸪p<.001)ṇࡢᙉ࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆཬ ࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ឤᅉᏊࠕᑐᢠࠖࡣ㸪⾜ືᅉᏊࠕ᥋㏆ࠖṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ(ș㸻0.41㸪p<.01)㸬ࡲࡓ㸪⾜ືᅉ Ꮚࠕᣮᡓࠖṇࡢ᭷ពഴྥࢆ♧ࡋࡓ(ș㸻0.25㸪p<.10)㸬 ឤᅉᏊࠕබᖹࠖࡣ㸪⾜ືᅉᏊࠕ᥋㏆ࠖ(ș㸻-0.36㸪p<.05)㸪ࠕᣮᡓࠖ(ș㸻0.38㸪p<.05)㈇ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ឤᅉᏊࠕᢚ࠺ࡘࠖࡣ㸪⾜ືᅉᏊࠕᣮᡓࠖ㈇ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ(ș㸻-0.43㸪p<.01)㸬ࡲࡓ㸪⾜ືᅉᏊ ࠕ㛢ሰࠖᙉ࠸ṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ(ș㸻0.55㸪p<.001)㸬ឤᅉᏊࠕಙឤࠖࡣ㸪⾜ືᅉᏊࠕᣄྰࠖṇࡢᙉ࠸ ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ(ș㸻0.58㸪p<.001)㸬
ࣔࢹࣝ㐺ྜᗘࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ȯ2㸻5.327㸪df=6㸪GFI ࡣ.983㸪AGFI ࡣ.870㸪RMSEA ࡣ.0㸪AIC ࡣ 83.32 ࡞ࡾ㸪 ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡾࡢࡼ࠸ࣔࢹࣝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ㸬 㸦㸱㸧⮬ᑛᚰጊࡳឤ࣭ጊࡳ⾜ືࡢ㛵㐃 ⮬ᑛᚰࡣᑐே㛵ಀᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ୰᰾ⓗ࡞ಶேⓗ≉ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࡽ࠼㸪ࡇࡢ≉ᛶࡀጊࡳឤࡸጊࡳ⾜ືࡑࢀࡒ ࢀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆศᯒࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ⮬ᑛᚰ 1 ᅉᏊࢆእ⏕ኚᩘ㸪ጊࡳឤ 5 ᅉᏊጊࡳ⾜ື 4 ᅉᏊࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀෆ⏕ኚᩘࡳ࡞ࡋ㸪Fig.2 ♧ࡍࣔࢹࣝࢆసᡂࡋ㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡀጊࡳឤጊࡳ⾜ືࡢᙳ㡪ᗘࢆㄪ ࡿࡓࡵࣃࢫゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬 ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ጊࡳឤᅉᏊࡢ㛵㐃࡛᭷ព࡞ࣃࢫࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࡢࡣ 5 ᅉᏊࡢ࠺ࡕࡢࠕᢚ࠺ࡘࠖࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㈇ࡢᙉ࠸ᙳ 㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ(ș㸻-0.40㸪p<.001)㸬୍᪉㸪⮬ᑛᚰጊࡳ⾜ືᅉᏊࡢ㛵㐃ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕᣮᡓࠖṇࡢ᭷ពഴྥ ࡀぢࡽࢀ(ș㸻0.23㸪p<.10)㸪ࠕ㛢ሰࠖ(ș㸻-0.31㸪p<.05)ࠕᣄྰࠖ(ș㸻-0.25㸪p<.05)ࡣ㈇ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬 ࣔࢹࣝ㐺ྜᗘࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ȯ㸰=㸪df=㸪GFI ࡣ.㸪AGFI ࡣ.㸪RMSEA ࡣ. 㸪AIC ࡣ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬GFI㸪AGFI ࡀప࠸ࡢ࡛㸪࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡾࡣ࠶ࡲࡾࡼ࠸ࡣ࠸࠼࡞࠸㸬 㸦㸲㸧ᑐேែᗘጊࡳឤ㸪ጊࡳ⾜ືࡢ㛵㐃 ⮬ᑛᚰྠᵝ㸪ឡ╔⌮ㄽᇶ࡙ࡃᑐேែᗘᑻᗘ㸦ෆⓗసᴗࣔࢹࣝᑻᗘ㸧ࡶጊࡳឤࡸጊࡳ⾜ືᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ 㔜せ࡞≉ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᑐேែᗘᑻᗘࡢ 3 ᅉᏊࢆእ⏕ኚᩘ㸪ጊࡳឤ㸳ᅉᏊጊࡳ⾜ື㸲ᅉᏊࢆෆ⏕ኚᩘࡳ࡞ ࡋ㸪Fig.3 ♧ࡍࣔࢹࣝࢆసᡂࡋ㸪ᑐேែᗘࡀጊࡳឤጊࡳ⾜ືࡢᙳ㡪ᗘࢆㄪࡿࡓࡵࣃࢫゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬௨ ୗ㸪ᑐேែᗘࡢ 3 ᅉᏊࡀጊࡳឤ 5 ᅉᏊ࡞ࡽࡧጊࡳ⾜ື 4 ᅉᏊ᭷ព࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࣃࢫࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⤖ᯝ ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 ᑐேែᗘࠕᏳᐃࠖᅉᏊࡣ㸪ጊࡳឤࠕᑐᢠࠖᅉᏊ(ș㸻0.27㸪p<.05)㸪ጊࡳ⾜ືࠕᣮᡓࠖᅉᏊ(ș㸻0.31㸪p<.05) ṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬 ᑐேែᗘࠕ୧౯ࠖᅉᏊࡣ㸪ጊࡳឤ㸳ᅉᏊ࡚ṇࡢ㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸬᭱ࡶᙉ࠸ᙳ㡪ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡢࡣ㸪ࠕᢚ࠺ࡘࠖ ᅉᏊ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ(ș㸻0.57㸪p<.001)㸬⥆࠸࡚ࠕබᖹࠖᅉᏊ(ș㸻0.39㸪p<.01)㸪ࠕᑐᢠࠖᅉᏊ(ș㸻0.32㸪p<.01)㸪ࠕ ಙឤࠖᅉᏊ(ș㸻0.28㸪p<.01)㸪ࠕྥୖࠖᅉᏊ(ș㸻0.27㸪p<.01)ࡢ㡰࡛ᙉ࠸ṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓ㸬 ᑐேែᗘࠕ୧౯ࠖᅉᏊࡣ㸪ጊࡳ⾜ືࠕ㛢ሰࠖᅉᏊᙉ࠸ṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ(ș㸻0.51㸪p<.001)㸬ࡲࡓࠕᣄྰࠖ ᅉᏊࡶṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ(ș㸻0.36㸪p<.01)㸬 ᑐேែᗘࠕᅇ㑊ࠖᅉᏊࡣ㸪ጊࡳឤࠕබᖹࠖᅉᏊṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ(ș㸻0.28㸪p<.05)㸬ࠕಙឤࠖᅉᏊ !"#$%&'()*+,-./012345678
(ș㸻0.23㸪p<.10)ࠕᢚ࠺ࡘࠖᅉᏊ(ș㸻0.20㸪p<.10)ࡣṇࡢ᭷ពഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸬ᑐேែᗘࠕᅇ㑊ࠖᅉᏊࡣ㸪ጊ ࡳ⾜ືᅉᏊࠕᣄྰࠖᙉ࠸ṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ(ș㸻0.38㸪p<.001)㸬
ࣔࢹࣝࡢ㐺ྜᗘࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ȯ2= 㸪df=㸪GFI ࡣ. 㸪AGFI ࡣ.㸪RMSEA ࡣ.㸪AIC ࡣ 㸪 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬GFI AGFI ࡀప࠸ࡢ࡛࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡾࡣ࠶ࡲࡾࡼ࠸ࡣ࠸࠼࡞࠸㸬
!"#$$%&'() *+,- ./01023
⪃
ᐹ
㸯㸬ጊࡳ⾜ື㸦ᑐฎ⾜ື㸧ࡢᅉᏊศᯒ ➨㸯ᅉᏊ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪ࠕᣄྰࠖᅉᏊ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ጊࡳࢆឤࡌࡓ┦ᡭᑐࡋ࡚㸪┤᥋ⓗ࣭㛫᥋ⓗᨷᧁࡋ㸪ࡘ㛵ࢃ ࡾࢆ㑊ࡅࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ㡯┠࡛ࡲࡲࡾࡀᙉࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢᅉᏊࡣ㸪ጊࡳࢆឤࡌࡓሙ㠃࡛ே㛵ಀࢆ⠏ࡃୖ࡛ࡣࢿ࢞ࢸ ࣈ࡞ᑐฎ⾜ື࠸࠼ࡼ࠺㸬 ➨㸰ᅉᏊ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪ࠕᣮᡓࠖᅉᏊ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ጊࡳࢆឤࡌࡓሙ㠃࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪⮬ศ࡞ࡾ⮬ศࡢㄢ㢟࡞ࡿࡇ ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡇ࠺ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛㸪࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ᑐฎ⾜ື࠸࠼ࡼ࠺㸬ࡇࡇࡣ㸪┦ᡭࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡘ࠸࡚ࡢグ㏙ ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡞࠸ࡇࡶ≉ᚩⓗ࡛㸪┦ᡭࡽࡣ⊂❧ࡋࡓ⮬ศࢆព㆑ࡋࡓᑐฎ⾜ືࡽ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬 ➨㸱ᅉᏊ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪ࠕ᥋㏆ࠖᅉᏊ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ጊࡳࢆឤࡌࡓሙ㠃࡛ດຊࢆ⥆ࡅࡿ࠸࠺ព࡛ࡣ㸪➨㸰ᅉᏊྠ ࡌࡃ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ᑐฎ⾜ື⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ጊࡳࢆឤࡌࡓ┦ᡭࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿⅬࡀ㸪ࠕᣮᡓࠖࠕ᥋㏆࡛ࠖࡣᑐ↷ⓗ࡛ ࠶ࡿ㸬 ➨㸲ᅉᏊ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪ࠕ㛢ሰࠖᅉᏊ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬┦ᡭ⮬ศࡢẼᣢࡕࢆ㞃ⶸࡋ㸪㛢ࡌࡇࡶࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛㸪 ♫ⓗ㐺ᛂ≧ែ㝗ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ᑐฎ⾜ືࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡛࠶ࡿุ᩿ࡉࢀࡼ࠺㸬 ࠕ➨୕⪅㛵ࠖࠕኚ࡞ࡋࠖࡣⰋ㡯┠࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࠕኚ࡞ࡋࠖࡢ࢝ࢸࢦࣜࡣ㸪ὠỤ࣭㤿ሙᅬ(2002)ࡢᏛ⏕ࢆᑐ ㇟ࡋࡓ⤒㦂ᅇ㢳ㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ᭱ࡶᗘᩘࡀከࡗࡓ㸬ࠕ➨୕⪅㛵ࠖࡶ㸪ྠࡌㄪᰝ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ࢝ࢸࢦ࡛ࣜ࠶ࡾ㸪㸪White and Mullen (1989)ࡢ᎖ጊࡢᑐฎᡓ␎ࡢ㸷ᅉᏊࡢ୰ࡶ㸪➨㸷ᅉᏊࠕ♫ⓗຓ᥈⣴ࠖࡋ࡚Ⓩሙࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪 Folkman and Lazarus(1988)ࡀᣲࡆࡓ 8 ࡘࡢࢥ࣮ࣆࣥࢢ᪉␎ࡶ⪅ࡽఱࡽࡢຓࢆồࡵࡿࠕࢧ࣏࣮ࢺᕼồࠖ ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽ 2 㡯┠ࡣᑐฎ⾜ືࡋ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ᅉᏊࡋ࡚≉ᐃࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛㸪ᚋ㸪 ㉁ၥ㡯┠ࡢࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ⢭㑅ࡀᚲせ࡞ࢁ࠺㸬 㸰㸬ጊࡳឤࡀᑐฎ⾜ືཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪 ࣃࢫゎᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ឤࡀࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞⾜ືṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ㸪࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞⾜ື㈇ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ♧ࡍࡶ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㛵㐃ࡘ࠸࡚ෆヂࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡿ㸪ࠕᢚ࠺ࡘឤࠖࡣࠕ㛢ሰࠖ⾜ືᑐࡋ࡚ṇࡢᙉ࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆ㸪ࠕᣮ ᡓࠖ⾜ືᑐࡋ࡚㈇ࡢᙉ࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡽጊࡳࡀႏ㉳ࡉࢀࡿሙ㠃࡛ᢚ࠺ࡘឤࢆᢪࡃ㸪⪅ࡢ㛵 ࢃࡾࢆ᩿ࡘ⾜ືྥ࠸ࡀࡕ࡛㸪⮬ศࡽ⾜ືࡋࡼ࠺࠸࠺✚ᴟᛶࡀኻࢃࢀࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿ㸬 ࠕබᖹឤࠖࡣ㸪ࠕ᥋㏆ࠖ⾜ືࠕᣮᡓࠖ⾜ືᑐࡋ࡚㈇ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ጊࡳࡀႏ㉳ࡉࢀࡿሙ㠃࡛ࠕࡎࡿ࠸ࠖ ࠸ࡗࡓឤࡽࢃࢀࡿ㸪┦ᡭ㏆࡙ࡇ࠺࠸࠺Ẽࡀኻࡏ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡾ㸪⮬ศ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡶࡍࡿẼࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿ㸬 ࠕಙឤࠖࡣ㸪ࠕᣄྰࠖ⾜ືᑐࡋ࡚ṇࡢᙉ࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ጊࡳࡀႏ㉳ࡉࢀࡿሙ㠃࡛┦ᡭࢆಙࡌࡽࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ ࡣ㸪┦ᡭࢆᣄྰࡍࡿ⾜ືྥ࠺ࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿ㸬 ࠕྥୖᚰࠖ࠸࠺࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ឤࡽࡣ㸪ࠕ᥋㏆ࠖ⾜ືࡸࠕᣮᡓࠖ⾜ື࠸ࡗࡓ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞⾜ືṇࡢᙉ࠸ᙳ 㡪ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ࠕ᥋㏆ࠖ⾜ືࡣ┦ᡭ㏆࡙ࡁⰋࡉࢆᏛࡰ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ㸪ࠕᣮᡓࠖ⾜ືࡣ㸪⮬ศࡢⰋࡉࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࢆ ఙࡤࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡕࡽࡶ㸪㧗ᗘ࡛ᮃࡲࡋ࠸࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ᑐฎ⾜ື࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ၥ㢟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞⾜ື࡛ࡣ ࡞࠸㸬ጊࡳࢆႏ㉳ࡉࢀࡿሙ㠃࡛ࡶ㸪ጊࡳឤᑐᓖࡋ㸪㐺ṇ࡞ุ᩿ࢆࡋ࡚┦ᡭࡢⰋࡉࢆᏛࡰ࠺࠸࠺ᗣ࡞ᑐฎ⾜ ືࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬 ࠕᑐᢠᚰࠖࡶࠕྥୖᚰࠖྠࡌࡼ࠺㸪ࠕ᥋㏆ࠖ⾜ືࡸࠕᣮᡓࠖ⾜ື࠸ࡗࡓ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞⾜ືṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ♧ࡋ ࡓ㸬ࠕྥୖᚰࠖࡢ㉁ၥ㡯┠ࡢグ㏙ࡣࠕ㈇ࡅࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࠖࠕࡴࡋࡷࡃࡋࡷࡍࡿࠖࠕࡃࡸࡋ࠸ࠖ࠸ࡗࡓᙉ࠸ឤㄒࡀྵࡲ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ጊࡳࢆႏ㉳ࡉࢀࡿሙ㠃࡛㸪⮬ศࡢᛣࡾࡸᩛពࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ឤࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬 ࡇࢁࡀ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙉ࠸ឤࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿಶேࡣ㸪ࡴࡋࢁࠕ᥋㏆ࠖࠕᣮᡓࠖ࠸ࡗࡓ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞⾜ືྥ࠺ ࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࢿ࢞ࢸࣈࡽ࠼ࡽࢀࡀࡕ࡞┦ᡭࡢᛣࡾࡸᩛពࢆࡋࡗࡾ⮬ぬ࡛ࡁࡿ᪉ࡀ㸪⾜ືࡋ࡚ !"#$%&'()*+,-./012345678ࡣⰋ࠸᪉ྥ㐍ࡴྍ⬟ᛶࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡇࡣ㸪Smith and Parrott(1999)ࡽࡢࠕጊࡳࢆከࡃ⤒㦂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡉࢀࡿ⿕㦂⪅ࡢ᪉ࡀ㸪࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ᑐฎ⾜ືࢆࡿࠖ࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡶ୍⮴ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪┦ᡭࡢᨷᧁ┦ᙜࡍࡿࠕᣄྰࠖ⾜ືࡣ㸪ᛣࡾࡸᩛពࡼࡾࡴࡋࢁಙឤࡀᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࠕಙឤࠖ࠸ࡗࡓ₍↛ࡋࡓࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞Ẽᣢࡕࡣࡼࡾ༴㝤࡞⾜ື⤖ࡧࡘࡃࡇࡸ㸪┦ᡭࡢᩛព ࡶཷࡅṆࡵࡽࢀࡿࠕᑐᢠᚰ࣏ࠖࢪࢸࣈ࡞ᑐฎ⾜ື㛵㐃ࡉࡏ࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿ㸪࠶ࡿព㸪⣲┤ᛣࡾࢆࡶࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿ᪉ࡀࡼࡾࡼ࠸ᑐฎ⾜ື㏆࡙ࡅࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ㸬ᚋ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ឤࢆ࠸ཷᐜࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ୰Ꮫ ⏕ࡢⓎ㐩ୖࡢㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚㔜どࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺㸬 㸱㸬⮬ᑛᚰࡀጊࡳឤᑐฎ⾜ືཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪 ⮬ᑛᚰࡣ㸪ጊࡳឤᅉᏊࡢ㛵㐃࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕᢚ࠺ࡘࠖࡢࡳ㈇ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡀప࠸⪅ 㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪㏫⮬ᑛᚰࡀ㧗࠸⪅ᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥࡀప࠸ࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⮬ᑛᚰࡢ㛵㐃ࡀከࡃࡳ ࡽࢀࡓࡢࡣጊࡳ⾜ືᅉᏊ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ឤᅉᏊࡣᑐ↷ⓗ㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡣ 4 ࡘࡢᑐฎ⾜ືᅉᏊࡢ࠺ࡕࠕᣄྰࠖࠕᣮᡓࠖࠕ㛢 ሰࠖ࠸࠺ 3 ࡘࡢᅉᏊᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬≉ࠕᣄྰࠖࠕ㛢ሰࠖᅉᏊࡣ㈇ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ㸪ࠕᣮᡓࠖᅉᏊࡣṇࡢ ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࠕᣄྰࠖࠕ㛢ሰࠖࡢ 2 ᅉᏊࡣ㸪ጊࡳࡢᑐฎ⾜ືࡢ୰࡛ࡣࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞≉ ᛶࢆࡶࡘࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ⮬ᑛᚰࡀప࠸⪅ࠕᣄྰࠖ⾜ືࡸࠕ㛢ሰࠖ⾜ື࠸ࡗࡓዲࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸ᑐฎ⾜ື ࢆࡿഴྥࡀᙉ࠸ࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡢ㧗࠸⪅ࡣ㸪ጊࡳࡀႏ㉳ࡉࢀࡿሙ㠃࡛ࡣࠕᣮᡓࠖ࠸ࡗࡓ࣏ࢪ ࢸࣈ࡞ᑐฎ⾜ືࡀࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿ㸬 Liberman, DeRisi and Mueser (1992)ࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ-⬤ᙅᛶ-ᑐฎࣔࢹ ࣝࡢ⌮ㄽ࡛ࡣ㸪యࡗ࡚ၥ㢟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿሙ㠃࡛ࡼࡾⰋ࠸ᑐฎ⾜ືࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ㸪┦ᡭࡽࡢⰋ࠸ᛂࢆ ᣍࡁ㸪ࡑࡢࡇ࡛యࡀࡶࡘእ⏺ࡢㄆ▱ࡶ⮬ᑛᚰࡶྥୖࡍࡿࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⮬ᑛᚰࡢ㧗࠸⪅ᣮᡓⓗ⾜ືࡶ㧗࠸ ࠸࠺ᅇᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ⌮ㄽ୍⮴ࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬 ୖ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡣࠕᣮᡓࠖṇࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡀ㸪ࠕᣄྰࠖࡣ㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⾜ືࡣࡕ ࡽࡶ✚ᴟᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ⾜ື࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ✚ᴟᛶࢆఱྥࡅࡿ࠸࠺ᑐ㇟ࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⮬ᑛᚰࡀࠕᣄྰࠖ⾜ື ㈇ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆࡶࡘ࠸࠺ࡇࡣ㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡀప࠸⮬ศࡀࡿࡁ⾜ືࡼࡾࡶ┦ᡭࡢࡋࡳࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪ࠕᣮᡓࠖ⾜ືṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆࡶࡘࡇࡣ㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡀ㧗࠸┦ᡭࡢࡋࡳࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡞ࡃ⮬ศࡢㄢ㢟ྲྀ ࡾ⤌ࡶ࠺ࡍࡿࡇࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ጊࡳ࠸࠺ᛌ࡞ឤࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡓ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ┦ᡭྥࡅࡿࡢ㸪⮬ᕫࡢ ㄢ㢟ྥࡅࡿࡢ㸪ࡑࡢᑐ㇟ࡼࡗ࡚⮬ᑛᚰࡢᙳ㡪ࡀࡃ㏫࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢከࡃࡢඛ⾜ ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ጊࡳᑐฎ⾜ືࡸᨷᧁⓗ⾜ື⮬ᑛᚰࡢ㛵㐃ࡀ୍㈏ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪ᑐ㇟ࡲ࡛ ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡀཎᅉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬ᚋ㸪✚ᴟᛶࢆྥࡅࡿᑐ㇟ࡸࡑࡢືᶵࡀఱ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸ ࡗࡓ㉁ⓗ࡞᳨ウࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ⮬ᑛᚰጊࡳឤ࣭ጊࡳ⾜ືࡢࣃࢫᅗࡽ㸪ࠕ⮬ ᑛᚰࡢ㧗࠸ಶேࡣ㸪ጊࡳឤࡀႏ㉳ࡉࢀࡓࡋ࡚ࡶᛮ࠸ᝎࢇࡔࡾ㸪ጊࡳࡼࡗ࡚ⴠࡕ㎸ࢇࡔࡾࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡞࠸ഴྥ ࠶ࡿ㸬⮬ᑛᚰࡀ㧗ࡃ࡚ࡶ」㞧࡞ឤࡣ⤒㦂ࡍࡿࡀ㸪⮬ศࡀ┠ᶆࡍࡁ⾜ືྥ࠺ᑐฎ⾜ືࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ㸪┦ᡭ ࡢࡋࡳࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡃ࠸ࠖ⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺㸬 㸲㸬ᑐேែᗘࡀጊࡳឤᑐฎ⾜ືཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪 ᑐேែᗘᑻᗘࡣࠕᏳᐃࠖࠕᅇ㑊ࠖࠕ୧౯ࠖࡢ 3 ᅉᏊࡽ࡞ࡿ㸬Fig.3 ࡽࡶ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡼ࠺㸪ጊࡳឤ 5 ᅉᏊࡣከ ࡃࡢ᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵㐃ࡀࡳࡽࢀ㸪ࡃࠕ୧౯ࠖᅉᏊࡀ㢧ⴭ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ᑐேែᗘࡢࠕ୧౯ࠖഴྥࡀ㧗࠸⪅ ጊࡳឤࡀ⏕ࡌࡸࡍ࠸࠸࠺ Klein ࡽࡢ⌮ㄽྜ⮴ࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉ᚩࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࡇࡣ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛᫂ ࡽࡋࡓጊࡳឤᑻᗘࡢጇᙜᛶࡢホ౯ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ࠕ୧౯ࠖᅉᏊ᭱ࡶᙉ࠸ᙳ㡪ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓጊࡳឤᅉᏊࡣ㸪ࠕᢚ࠺ࡘឤ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡇࡽ㸪୧౯ⓗ࡞ᑐேែ ᗘࡀᙉ࠸⪅ࡣ㸪⪅ᑐࡋ࡚ಙ㢗ಙࡢࣥࣅࣂࣞࣥࢺ࡞⾲㇟ࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ಙ࡞⾲㇟ࡀඃ࡛࠶ࡿ㸪 ⪅ᑐࡍࡿಙ㨚ࠎᛮ࠸ᝎࡳ㸪⮬ศᑐࡍࡿឤࢆᙉࡵ㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ࠸࠺≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿ㸬 !"#$$%&'() *+,- ./01023
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⊁㔝⣲ᮁ (1980) ♫ⓗẚ㍑㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿሗⓗẚ㍑⾜ືẚ㍑ ᕞᏛᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊⣖せ㸦ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ㒊㛛㸧㸪25㸪 33-45
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ᒣᮏ┿⌮Ꮚ࣭ᯇ㇏࣭ᒣᡂ⏤⣖Ꮚ (1982) ㄆ▱ࡉࢀࡓ⮬ᕫࡢㅖഃ㠃ࡢᵓ㐀 ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲㸪30㸪64-68
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